The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year, 1861-1865, vols. 1-5. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868.

United States Army, 1862

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. 1862 The United States, unlike the great powers of Europe, has not hitherto considered a large standing army necessary, and has only maintained a sufficient force to garrison moderately its forts and fortresses, and to form a nucleus for the organization and training of a largo volunteer army in time of war. The policy of the Government boing eminently peaceful, it has been only on great emergencies that it has been necessary to call out any considerable force of militia or volunteers. Aside from the war of 1812 and the Mexican, no such force had ever been called for previous to the present war; and the militia of particular districts had only occasionally been summoned in small numbers to suppress local insurrections or riots. It may be well, therefore, to give a brief historical sketch of the origin, growth, and present condition of the regular or standing army of the United States, and then to speak of the militia and volunteer troops.

I. The Regular Army.—The Constitution of the United States, Art. 1, sec. 8, empowers Congress " to raise and support armies;" and Art. 2, sec. 2, designates the President as " commander in chief of the army and navy, and of the militia when called into the service of the United States."' The War Department, as the agency by which the President was to carry into effect these provisions of the Constitution, was established by act of Congress, August 7, 1788. At first the standing army was organized under the "Original Rules and Articles of War," adopted by the Continental Congress of 1776, with such slight modifications as were necessary to adapt them to the altered condition of affairs. This military code formed the basis of the present articles of war, though greatly modified in 1806.

In 1790, Congress fixed the number of rank and file in the army at 1,216 men; in 1791 an additional regiment of  900 men was authorized. In 1796, the standing army consisted of 4 regiments of infantry, of 8 companies each; 2 companies of light dragoons; and a corps of artillerists and engineers; and the President was authorized by Congress to appoint one major-general and one brigadier-general, each with a suitable staff, for the command of this force; but in 1797 the major-general was discharged as being unnecessary.

In 1798, a provisional force of 10,000 men was authorized owing to the threatening attitude of France; but the danger passed over and the army returned to its former small proportions. The war of 1812 had been long foreseen, .and provision made for it not by an increase of the regular army but by the authorization of a provisional volunteer force of 30,000 to 35,000 men, and at the close of the war in 1815 this provisional army was disbanded; but no permanent modifications were made in the peace establishment till 1821.

By the act of Congress for the organization of the army in 1821, 7 regiments of infantry, 4 of artillery, and a corps each of engineers, topographical engineers, and ordnance were established and provision made for medical, adjutant-general's, quartermasters', paymasters', and commissary-generals' departments. Irregular mounted rangers, occasionally called into the service, formed the only cavalry force of the army till 1833, when a regiment of dragoons was authorized; and in 1836 a second was added.

At the commencement of the Mexican war in May, 1846, the whole number of troops of the line was 7,244. The regular army was increased during the war, by the enlistment, to twenty thousand soldiers, aside from the volunteer troops ; this addition was made to the different arms of the service as follows: 9 infantry regiments (one of them a rolliqeur regiment, that is, light horsemen); a third regiment of dragoons, and a regiment of mounted riflemen, who, however, served on foot during the war. At the close of the war the third regiment of dragoons and the 9 infantry regiments were discharged, and the only permanent increase of the army was the mounted rifles.

The grade of lieutenant-general by brevet, which had not existed since the death of Washington, was revived and bestowed on Major-General. Winfield Scott in 1855. The same year, there were added to the regular army 2 regiments of infantry and 2 of cavalry.

On the 1st of January, 1860, the whole' number of commissioned officers in the regular army was 1,083; of non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates, 11,848, forming a total of line troops of 12,931. In August, 1862, the following was the number of officers of each grade and privates, in the regular army:

Page 17

Major-Generals 5

Brigadier-Generals 13

Colonels 91

Lieutenant-Colonels... 79

Majors 248

Aides-de-camp 33

Captains 677

Adjutants 30

Regimental Quartermasters  30

Regimental Commissaries 6

Battalion Adjutants... 27

First Lieutenants....648

Second Lieutenants... 500

Supernumerary Lieutenants 72

Military Storekeepers. 88

Hospital Chaplains 100

Medical cadets 70

Sergeant-Majors 21

Quartermaster-Serg'ts. 21

Commissary Sergeants 7

Leaders of bands 9

Chief musicians 40

Saddler's sergeants—6

Chief trumpeters 6

Chief farriers  6

Ordnance sergeants ...93

Hospital stewards  201

Aggregate line troops. 43,014

Regimental hospital stewards 13

Battalion sergeant-majors 27

Battalion quartermaster-sergeants 27

Battalion commissary-sergeants  72

Battalion hosp'l stewards 27

First sergeants 448

Company quartermaster-sergeants 84

Company commissary-sergeants 72

Sergeants 1,790

Corporals 3,090

Musicians 1,293

Farriers and blacksmiths 144

Artificers 415

Saddlers 79

Wagoners 84

Teamsters 144

Privates 31,479

Ordnance, enlisted men 905

Total commissioned. …2,833

Total enlisted ………..40,620

Aggregate line troops   43,014

The pay of both officers and men is the same as that of the volunteers, the discipline somewhat more strict, and the drill generally more perfect. The titles of officers are, except in the case of the highest officer, lower than in the volunteers—colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors, captains, and in one or two cases, even lieutenants in the regular army, being brigadier-generals of volunteers, and the first three, in some instances major-generals in the volunteer army, Promotion in the regular army is, however, greatly coveted by men who intend to make military life a permanent profession.

II. The Militia Force.—An act was passed by Congress, May 8, 1792, providing for a uniformed militia, to be raised in each State, and to form the reserve force which could be called out in case of invasion or rebellion ; but during the long period of peace, the militia organization had been almost wholly neglected. Most of the States had at one time or another proper laws for the State organization of the militia, but these were generally but little regarded, and the fines imposed for non-appearance on parade were regarded as a vexatious exaction. The commencement of the present war found not more than two or three States with a militia organization sufficiently perfect to admit of a response through it to the President's proclamation of April, 1861. In most of the States even the three months' troops were volunteers. Since that time nearly every State has passed a militia law, which will provide against the evils of being obliged to send into the field in case of war entirely unorganized and undisciplined troops. These laws differ somewhat in detail in the different States; but all provide for the enrolment of all able-bodied white male citizens (some, as for instance, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, include colored citizens also) between the ages of 18 and 45, with certain specified exceptions, among which are usually clergymen, teachers, State and United States officers, railroad and telegraph employes, firemen, and convicts, idiots, and drunkards; these are divided into two classes, the active and inactive militia, the first embracing the voluntary companies and such other companies organized under the law as may be necessary to make up a given number of regiments and brigades, such number to be completed if needful by draft from the enrolled men between 18 and 30; the others, including all between 30 and 45, to form the inactive militia, and required under penalty of a fine or tax of $1 per annum to appear on a specified day and answer to their names. The active militia have a full corps of officers, and are required to be uniformed and to have all the necessary arms and equipments at their arsenals in condition for immediate service; they are also to be called out once or twice a year for a camp drill of two or throe days, and are paid for their time and service. The officers are drilled and instructed in their duties two, three, or four times a year, and receive a moderate compensation for their time. It has been a prevalent idea among the militia, having perhaps some foundation in the law of 1792, that militia troops could not be required to go out of their own State to fight, and could not be retained in the United States service more than three months; and these ideas led more than once, as the readers of the history of the war of 1812 will remember, to serious and disastrous results; but Congress, in its session of 1861-2, passed an act (July 17,1862) authorizing the President to call out the militia for nine months, and to use them either for the filling up of old regiments or the organization of new corps. It is impossible to give anything more than an approximation of the number of the militia enrolled or who should be enrolled in the loyal States. The report of the adjutant-general of the United States in 1860, based, however, in many of the States on returns made from 7 to 15 years previous, gave the number (omitting Iowa, Oregon, Now Mexico, Washington, Kansas, and Nebraska) as 3,070,987, officers and privates; this would be very nearly one tenth of the population, and adopting this as a basis of calculation, the number of men between 18 and 45 capable of bearing arms in the loyal States would be 2,242,841. This estimate is probably below rather than above the truth. Of the 77,875 three months' troops, a little more than one half were militia; of the 30,000 or 40,000 called out in the summer of 1862, all or nearly all were militia. There were also some militia regiments among the nine months' force raised under the call of August 9, 1862.

III. The Volunteer Army.—It was evident at the commencement of this war. as in every war in which the nation has been engaged, that though the militia of the several States might render efficient service in the beginning, while other forces were in the process of organization, they could not be depended upon for a long war; the tenure of their service (three Page 18 months being then generally understood to be the longest term for which they could be called' out), and the mode of appointing their officers by the suffrages of the privates, were fatal to their use for any considerable period, and volunteers were called for within four weeks from the first proclamation, though unfortunately not in sufficiently large numbers at first. In July Congress, by act of July 22, 1861, authorized the raising of 500,000 volunteers, and on the 25th of the same month, probably inadvertently gave authority for the raising of 500,000 more.  

How many were actually raised under these two acts is somewhat uncertain. Secretary Cameron, in his report of December 1, 1861, gives the aggregates as follows: Three months' regiments, 77,875 men; volunteers for the war, 640,637. The reports of the adjutant-generals of the different States show a very considerable difference between the number raised and the number credited therein in this report; some claiming many thousands more, and others considerably less than the number assigned them by the Secretary. At the date of the Secretary's report a large number of regiments organizing under the call had not been mustered into the service; many of the regiments indeed were not fully organized till January or February. About the 1st of June, 1862, a call for militia troops for three months' service was made upon several of the States, and Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio sent forward regiments numbering in all nearly 40,000 men. In August and September the raids of the Confederate forces along the Ohio river, and the invasion of Maryland by the Confederate generals Lee, Jackson, and Stuart, led to the calling out of militia and volunteer troops in large numbers, fr.om Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, who were discharged when the enemy had been driven back. On the 1st of July, 1862, the President called for 300,000 more volunteers for the war, and on the 9th of August for 300,000 for nine months, who were to be drafted unless they volunteered promptly. There was subsequently considerable vacillation on the part of the Government in regard to the force to be raised under these two calls. In Pennsylvania a part of those enlisted under the first call were enlisted for twelve months only; in other States an excess raised under the first was allowed to be credited to the second; and in some instances an excess under the previous calls was allowed to count on these. There was very little drafting; probably up to February 1, 1863, there were not 10,000 drafted men in the Army. This was mainly due to the great exertions made in the loyal States to promote volunteering and the very liberal bounties offered by States, counties, cities, towns, and individuals, to those who would enlist. The following table, prepared from official reports from each loyal State, shows the number of troops furnished by each for the war to December 1, 1862:

Maine  768

New Hampshire 779

Vermont 780

Massachusetts 8,736

Rhode Island 1,285

Connecticut 775

New York 16,188

New Jersey 8,068

Pennsylvania 19,199

Delaware 775

Maryland …

West Virginia 779

Kentucky …

Missouri 9,858

Ohio 10,286

Indiana 6,000

Illinois 4,941

Michigan 781

Wisconsin 792

Minnesota 980

 Iowa 968

Kansas …

California …

Oregon …

Colorado …

Nebraska …

Now Mexico …

District of Columbia. 2,828

Total  78,959

Three months* All other* troops,  to December 1, of April IS, 1862. 1861.  […]

The number of these troops now in service can only be conjectured. It does not probably exceed 900,000.

The following table gives the pay and perquisites of the officers and privates of the regular and volunteer service, both receiving the same pay in their respective grades:

Non-commissioned Officers, Privates, December Cavalry. Sergeant-Major $21 00 Corporal $14 00 Quartermaster-Serg't 21 00 Bugler 18 Ml Chief-Bugler 21 00 Farrier and Black-First Sergeant 20 00 smith 15 00 Sergeant 17 00 Private 13 00 Ordnance. Sergeant $84 00 I Private, first class.... $17 00 Corporal 20 00 | Private, second class. 18 00 Artillery and Infantry. Artificer, artillery.... $15 00 Private 18 00 Principal musician... 2100 Musician 12 00 Sergeant-Major (21 00 Quartermaster-Serg't. 17 00 First Sergeant 20 00 Sergeant 17 00 Corporal 18 00 Sappere, Miners, and Pontonier*. Sergeant $84 00 | Private, second class. $13 00 Corporal 20 00 Musician 12 00 Private, first class.... 17 00 | Brigade Bandit. Leader $45 00 Four of the Baud.... 84 00 Eight of the Band.... 17 00 Medical Cadets (and 1 ration per day)..... $80 00 Hospital Stewards.... 80 00 Master Wagoners (3d August 1861) 17 00 Drum-Major $17 00 Four of the Band.... 20 00 Matrons $6 00 Female Nurses, per day and 1 ration 40 cents. Wagoners(August8,'61) 14 CO 12$ cents per month is to be retained from the pay of each enlisted man of the army for the support of the "Soldier's Home.*' $2 per. month is allowed for reenlistment, and $1 per month additional for each subsequent period of five years' service, provided the enlistment is made within ono month after the expiration of each term. * Including 15.S8S three months' troops in the summer of 1862. t Including 50.000 volunteers raised to repel the invasion of the State In September, 1862. X Including 16,657 three months' troops furnished in the summer of 1862. § Including 4,229 troops raised for short special service.

Page 19

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.

TABLE OF PAT, SUBSISTENCE, AS, ALLOWED BY LAW TO THE OFFICERS OF THE ARMY.

[…] Lieutenant General Officer*. Lieutenant-General Aides-de-camp aud Military Secreta General, each Major-General Senior Aide-de-camp to General-in-Chief Aide-de-camp, In addition to pay, <kc, of Lieutenant.. Brigadier-General Aide-de-camp, in addition to pay, Ac, of Adjutant-General Department Adjutant-General—Brigadier-General Assistant Adjutant-General—Colonel Assistant J Assistant Adj Judge-Advocate-General—Colonel , Judge-Advocate—Major  (Division)—Major Inspector-General Department. Inspector-General—Colonel Assistant Inspector-General—Major Signal Department. Signal Officer—Major Quartermaster's Department-General—General Deputy . Quartermaster—Major  Quartermaster—Captain Subsistence Department. Commissary-General of Subsistence—Colonel Assistant Commissary-General of Subsistence—Lt-Colonel Commissary of Subsistence—Major Commissary of Subsistence—Captain Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, in addition pay, .v.'., of Lieutenant Medical Department. Surgeon-General—Brigadier-General Surgeons of ten years' service Surgeons of less than ten years' service Assistant Surgeons of ten years' service Assistant Surgeons of five years' service Assistant Surgeons of less than five years' service Pay Department. Paymaster-General, $2,740 Deputy Paymaster-General Paymaster graphical Engineers, "and Ordnance Department. Chief of Ordnance—Brigadier-General Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Brevet Second Lieutenant Officer* 0/Mounted Dragoons* Cavalry* Riflemen, and Light Artillery. Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Brevet Second Lieutenant Adjutant, in addition to pay of Lieutenant Officers of Artillery and Infantry. Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Brevet Second Lieutenant. tion to pay, Ac of Lieutenant., in addition to pay, Ac., of Lt...

Page 20 Storekeepers attached to the quartermaster's department; at armories, and at arsenals of construction; the storekeeper at Watertown arsenal, and storekeepers of ordnance serving in Oregon, California, and New Mexico, receive $1,490 per annum; at all other arsenals, $1,040 per annum.

Chaplains are paid $100 per month, 2 rations per day, or $18 per month commutation value; and in time of war or peace $1 per month is allowed for forage; total, $119.

Paymasters' clerks receive $700 per annum, and one ration (75 cents) per day when on duty. The officer in command of a company is allowed $10 per month for the responsibility of clothing, arms, and accoutrements.—Act March 2, 1827, Sec. 2.

Subaltern officers, employed on the general staff, and receiving increased pay therefor, are not entitled to the additional or fourth ration provided by the Act March 2, 1827, Sec. 2.

Every commissioned officer below the rank of brigadier-general receives one additional ration per day for every five years' service.—Act July 5,1836, Sec. 12; and July 7,1838, Sec. 9.

In suddenly calling such vast numbers of men into the field, the industrial energies of the Northern Spates were aroused to prepare them for an active campaign. While the generals were engaged in organizing and disciplining these forces, the Government was preparing for their equipment. Their clothing was of a uniform material, which was made up in every part of the loyal States. The personal outfit of the soldiers was very complete. The arms were in part manufactured in the country, and partly imported from Europe. The supply of artillery in the country was also 60 small that it was not only manufactured to the utmost extent practicable, but also imported from Europe. The harness for the horses in every variety of the service, and the materials of which it was composed, and the equipments for the large force of cavalry, were not in existence, and could be obtained only by manufacture and importation. The thousands of wagons required existed only in the form of rough wood and bars of iron. The tents' of the soldiers demanded for their manufacture the active efforts of those heretofore employed to make the sails for ships.' These demands exposed the unprepared condition of the country for a great war, and delayed the period of active operations. The abundant resources of the Northern States, however, enabled them to fit out their troops with a profuseness that was burdensome, and interfered to some extent with military success.

From a careful investigation and comparison of the monthly " casualty returns" made to the office of the adjutant-general, it is calculated that the number of deaths in the volunteer force of the United States in active service has been at the annual ratio of 53.2 per thousand men, of which 44.6 were from disease and accident, and 8.6 from wounds received in action. Some defects and omissions in the regimental returns render it probable that this may be an understatement, as the data do not include deaths among those discharged from or otherwise quitting the service. An allowance, however, was made for this defect.

Assuming that the rate of mortality experienced by those who quit the service (by discharge for disability, desertion, or otherwise) is the same as those continuing in the service, to wit, 53.2 per 1,000—a very moderate estimate, since those discharged for disability are justly presumed to be at the time, in point of health, inferior to their comrades who remain —the actuary of the Sanitary Commission, reckons the annual rate of deaths at about 65 per 1,000.

It appears from the returns, that while the death-rate from wounds in action is greater in the case of officers than of privates, being respectively 11 and 8|per 1,000, the death-rate of officers from disease and accident is much less than of privates—22 for the former to 46 for the latter—and that the rate from all causes, embracing both disease and violence, is less with the officers than with the men—the entire rate for officers being 33, and for men 54 per 1,000.

The excess of the mortality due to disease and accident, over that due to wounds in action, is a noticeable fact in the volunteer army of the United States, as in all other armies— two thirds of the deaths of the officers and five sixths of those of the men resulting from disease and accident; the remaining one third and one sixth, respectively, being caused by wounds received in battle.

It appears from the returns that the general mortality of the army has been gradually increasing since the commencement of the war, and that the rate for the autumnal months is 1.7 times that indicated by the returns for the summer period, and the winter rate in turn double 1.9 times that of autumn.

It is also observed that the mortality of the armies recruited at the West, and which operate at the West, is 3.01 times that of the troops recruited in the Middle and New England States, and which serve in the armies at the East; the Western rate from wounds received in action being 4.9 times, and that from disease and accident 2.8 times as great as the corresponding rates in the East.

To supply losses among the. enlisted men in the Eastern armies requires recruits at the rate of 18.8 per 1,000 per month, or 226 per 1,000 per annum; of which latter proportion 32 is the number required to supply the annual loss by death; 100 the annual loss by discharge from service, chiefly from disability; 79 the annual loss from missing in action and from desertions; and 15 to supply the loss from other causes.

To supply such losses in the Western armies requires recruits at the rate of 19.5 per 1,000 per month, or 134 per 1,000 per annum; of which latter proportion 96 are required to Page 21 supply the animal loss from deaths; 101 the loss from discharges from service, mainly from disability; 35 the loss from missing in action and from desertions, and 2 from other causes.

The number of " missing" and of " deserters" in the Eastern volunteer army is more than doable the number of those classes in the Western volunteer forces.

Taking the returns of the period from the 1st of June, 1861, to the 1st of March, 1862, as the basis of calculation, it is estimated that to secure in the field a constant force of 500,000 effective men, the nation must not only maintain 58,000 sick men, but must also recruit the ranks of the enlisted portion of these forces with new material at the rate of 123,000 per annum so long as the war shall last—a rate somewhat exceeding 10,000 recruits per month. Of those 123,000 annual recruits 83,000 are to supply losses by death and discharges from service (exclusive of discharges for expiration of term of enlistment); 34,000 for desertions and missing in action; and 6,000 to supply other losses specified and unspecified.

The desertions from the army in the autumn of 1862 became so great as to cause the appointment of officers to arrest and return such persons. An order of General Buell, dated near Florence, Alabama, on June 24, stated that 14,000 officers and soldiers were absent from the various divisions of his army. Some had gone without any authority, and others with the permission of officers not authorized to grant it. Sickness was generally stated to be the cause of this absence, but in many cases it had notoriously ceased to exist. In September the War Department issued the following order:

Orders respecting Special Provost Marshals, and defining their duties.

WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT'S OFFICE,

                                     WASHINGTON, September 24,1862.

First. There shall be a Provost Marshal General of the War Department, whose headquarters will be at Washington, and who will have the immediate supervision, control, and management of the corps.

Second. There will be appointed in each State one or more Special Provost Marshals, as necessity may require, who will report to, and receive instructions and orders from the Provost Marshal General of the War Department.

Third. It will be the duty of the Special Provost Marshals to arrest all deserters, whether regulars, volunteers, or militia, and send them to the nearest military commander, or military post, where they can be cared for and sent to their respective regiments; to arrest, upon the warrant of the Judge Advocate, all disloyal persons subject to arrest under the orders of the War Department; to inquire into and report treasonable practices, seize stolen or embezzled property of the Government, detect spies of the enemy, and perform such other duties as may be enjoined upon them by the War Department; and report all their proceedings promptly to the Provost Marshal General.

Fourth. To enable Special Provost Marshals to discharge their duties efficiently, they are authorized to call on any available military force within their respective districts, or else to employ the assistance of citizens, constables, sheriffs, or police officers, so far as maybe necessary under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Provost Marshal General of the War Deportment with the approval of the Secretary of War.

Fifth. Necessary expenses incurred in this service will be paid on duplicate bills certified by the Special Provost Marshals, stating the time and nature of the service, after examination and approval by the Provost Marshal General.

Sixth. The compensation of Special Provost Marshals will be dollars per month, and actual travelling expenses and "postage will be refunded oh bills certified to under oath and approved by the Provost Marshal General.

Seventh. All appointments in this service will be subject to be revoked, at the pleasure of the Secretary of War.

Eighth. All orders heretofore issued by the War Department, conferring authority upon other officers to act as Provost Marshals (except those who have received special commissions from the War Department), ore hereby revoked.

By order of the Secretary of War,

                      J. THOMAS, Adjutant-General.

The operations for the surgical department have been aided by humane and benevolent associations. The horrors of battle have been assuaged by ministers of mercy, and the services of the medical profession have been voluntarily and gratuitously offered on every occasion. Relief associations in every State have done much to comfort and assist the sick and wounded in camps and hospitals, and their vigilant superintendence has perhaps operated to check the negligence, abuse, and fraud that too often prevail even in such institutions. Religious congregations and societies have also tendered to the Government their church buildings for hospitals, while their pastors have ministered to the patients.

The subsistence of the armies during the year has been reported as good and wholesome. Fresh beef has generally been supplied to the armies in the field on the hoof, to lessen, as far as possible, the quantity of transportation required, and in larger proportion of the ration to marching columns. The troops on the coasts of the Carolinas, and at the Gulf posts, including New Orleans, received their fresh beef by shipment from New York. In addition to the troops, subsistence has been furnished to all political prisoners and prisoners of war, to a large number of contrabands, and to the suffering Union inhabitants found in the march of armies in the Confederate States. It is stated by the general-in-chief—Halleck—that no armies in the world are so well supplied as the armies of the United States.

Notwithstanding the extraordinary demand for arms occasioned by the new levies, and the enormous losses occasioned by the casualties of war, and, in some instances, by the misconduct of officers and men, over four hundred thousand new troops suddenly called into the field were supplied at once. The issues from* the ordnance department include 1,926 field and siege, and 1,206 fortification cannon, 7,294 gun carriages, caissons, mortar beds, travelling forges and battery wagons; 1,276,686 small arms, 987,291 sets of equipment and accoutrements, and 213,991,127 rounds of ammunition for artillery and small arms. (The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1861, vol. 1. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868, pp. 16-22.)

Page 22

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.

GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.

Officers not thus * designated are graduates of the Military Academy.

Name     Rank.      Date of commission.

George B. McClellan.... Major-General

John C. Fremont* Major -General

John E. Wool* Major-General

William S. Harney*.... Brigadier-General

William S. Rosecrans... Brigadier-General

Joseph Hooker Brigadier-General

John Pope Brigadier-General

[…]

VOLUNTEER SERVICE. —GENERAL OFFICERS APPOINTED UNDER ACT OF CONGRESS, DECEMBER 1862.

Name, Rank, and Date of Commission.

Major-Generals.

Nathaniel P. Banks*... May 16,

John A. Dix* May , 16,

Benjamin F. Butler*... -May 16,

David Hunter August 13,

Edwin D. Morgan* .... September 28,

Ethan A. Hitchcock February 10,

Ulysses 8. Grant February 16,

Irvin McDowell March 14,

Ambrose E. Burnside. March 19,

Don Carlos Buell March 21,

John Pope March 31,

Samuel B. Curtis March 21,

Franz Sigel* March 21,

John A. McClernand*. March 21,

Lewis Wallace* March 21,

William S. Rosecrans... March 21,

Cassius M. Clay* April 11,

George H. Thomas April 25,

George Cadwalader*... April 25,  

John G. Foster April 26, J

John G. Parks April 26,

William T. Sherman... May 1,

Edward O. C. Ord May 2,

Edwin V. Sumner* — July 4,

Samuel P. Heintzelman July 4,

Erasmus D. Keyes July 4,

William B. Franklin... July 4,

Joseph Hooker July 4,

Darius M. Couch July 4,

Henry W. Slocum July 4,

John J. Peck July 4,

George W. Morrell July 4,

William F. Smith July 4,

John Sedgwick July 4,

Alex. McD. McCook... July 17,

Thos. L. Crittenden*... July 17,

Horatio G. Wright July 18,

Gordon Granger September 17,

Stephen H. Hurlbut* . September 17,

Robert C. Schenck August 30,

Schuyler Hamilton September 17,

J. D. Cox* Octob'r 6,

James B. McPherson... Octob'r 8,

Lovell H. Rousseau Octob'r 8,

Christopher 0. Augur.. November 14,

J. F. Reynolds December —,

Brigadier-Generals.

Andrew Porter* May 17,

Charles P. Stone May 17,

Thomas W. Sherman... May 17,

George A. McCall May 17,

Wm. R. Montgomery... May 17,

John W. Phelps May 17,

Charles S. Hamilton May 17,

Rufus King May 17,

B. M. Prentiss* May 17,

Benjamin F. Kelley*... May 17,

A. S. Williams* May 17,

James Cooper* May 17,

James B. Ricketts July 21,

Orlando B. Wilcox July 21,

Michael Corcoran July 21,

Henry H. Lockwood... August 8,

Louis Blenker* August 9,

James S. Wadsworth*. August 9,1861.

John H. Martindale August 9, 

Samuel D. Sturgis...... August 10,"

George Stoneman August 18,"

James W. Denver* August 14,"

Egbert L. Viele August 17,"

James Shields August 19,

William F. Barry August 20," J

John J. Abercrombie... August 31,"

Silas Casey August 31,"

Lawrence P. Graham*. August 31,"

George-G. Meade August 31,

M Abram Duryea* August 31,"

Oliver O. Howard September 8,"

Eleazer Paine September 8,"

Daniel E Sickles* September 8,"

Ebenezer Dumont* .... September 8,

Robert H. Milroy* September 8,"

Willis A. Gorman* September 7,"

Daniel Butterfield* September 7,"

W.T. Ward* September 18,"

John G. Barnard September 28,"

Innis N. Palmer September 28,"

Seth Williams September 28,"

John Newton September 28,  

Winfield S. Hancock ... September 28,"

Randolph B. Marcy September 28,"

George Wright September 28,"

George Sykes September 28,"

William W. Burns September 28,"

William H. French September 28,"

William T. H. Brooks September 28,"

John M. Brannan September 28, 14

John P. Hatch September 28,"

David S. Stanley September 28,"

William K. Strong*.... September 28"

Albin Schoepf* September 30,"

James S. Negley* Octob'r 1,"

Francis B. Spinola Octob'r 1,

M Thomas J. Wood Octob'r 11,"

Richard W. Johnson... Octob'r 11,"

A. Von Steinwehr* Octob'r 12,"

George W. Cullum November 1,"

Jeremiah T. Boyle November 9,"

Julius H. Stahel* November 12,"

George W. Morgan* November 12,"

John M. Schofield November 21,"

Thomas J. McKean November 21,"

Zealous B. Tower November 28,

Jefferson C. Davis* December 18,"

John M. Palmer* December 20,"

James H. Garfield* January 11,1862.

Lewis G. Arnold January 24,"

Frederick Steele January 29," 

William S. Ketchum ... February 8,"

Abner Doubleday February 8,"

John W. Davidson February 8,"

Napoleon J. T. Dana... February 3,"

David D. Bleney* February 8."

T. Francis Meagher*.... February 8,"

Henry M. Naglee February 4,

M James G. Spears* March 5,"

Eugene A. Carr March 7,"

Thomas A. Davies March 7," Daniel Tyler March 18,"

William H. Emory March 17,"

Page 23

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.

VOLUNTEER SERVICE.—

Continued.

Brigadier-Generals.

Andrew J. Smith

Marsena K. Patrick ..

Isaac F. Quinby

Hiram O. Berry*

Orris S. Ferry*

Daniel P. Woodbury . Henry M. Juda

John Cook*

John McArthur*

Jacob G. Lauman* ...

Horatio P. Van Clove*.

John A. Logan*

Speed S. Fry*

Alexander Asboth*.

James Craig*

Malahlon D. Manson.

Edward R. S. Canby

Grenville M. Dodge*.

Robert B. Mitchell*...

James G. Blunt

Amiel W. Whipple.

Cuvier Grover

George L. Hartsuff.

Rufus Saxton

Benjamin Alvord ...

Napoleon B. Buford.

William S. Smith ...

Nathan Kimball*

Charles Devens

James H. Van Alen* ...

Carl Schurz*

Samuel W. Crawford

Henry W. Wessella.

liilo 8. Haskell

Leonard F. Ross*...

John W. Geary*...

Alfred H. Terry*

Andrew A. Humphrey.

James H. Carleton"

Absalom Baird

John C. Robinson*.

Truman Seymour..

 Quincy A. Gillmore

Henry Prince

Abraham S. Piatt*..

Thomas T. Crittenden*.

Max Weber*

Jeremiah C. Sullivan*.

Allyn P. Hovey*

James G. Veatch*

William P. Benton*...

John C. Caldwell*

Neal Dow*

George S. Greene

Samuel P. Carter*

John Gibbon

Erastus B. Tyler*

Charles Griffin

George H. Gordon

James M. Tuttle*

Julius White*

Peter J. Osterhaus*

Stephen G. Burbridge.

Washington L. Elliott*. A

Albion P. Howe.

Name, Rank, and Date or Commission.

Green Clay Smith*...

William B. Campbell*

Benjamin S. Roberts*..

Alfred Pleasanton

Jacob Ammen*

C. P. Buckingham*....

Frederick Salmon*...

Cad. C. Washburne*..

Francis J. Herron* ...

John Cochrane*

Henry S. Briggs* ...

James I Morgan*..

August Willich*....

Henry D. Terry*...

James Steedman*... 1

George F. Shepley..

John Buford, July 27,

Frank P. Blair, August 7,

Richard Busteed, August 7,

John R. Kenly, August 22,

John P. Slough, August 25,

Godfrey Weitzel, August 29,

Gabriel R. Paul, September

Hermann Haupt, September

Charles E. Hovey, September

Thomas L. Kane September

Gershon Mott

George Crook Joseph B. Car

Nelson Taylor  

Charles C. Gilbert..

Edward Ferrero.

James Nagle

Calvin E. Pratt

Henry J. Hunt

Francis L. Vinton .

Gustavus A. Smith.

Francis C. Barlow, September N.J.

Jackson Mason Brnyman, September

Geo. W. Getty, Sept

Gouv. K. Warren Sept

Alfred Sully, Sept

W.W. Averill, Sept

Robert W. Cowdln, September

Henry H. Sibley, September

Alexander Hays, Sept

John H. H. Ward, Octob'r 4,

John M. Thayer, Octob’r 4,

J.J. Bartlett, October 4,

Solomon Meredith, Octob'r 6,

James Bowen, Octob'r 11,

Gustavo P. Cluseret Octob'r 14,

Eliakim P. Scammon... Octob'r 15,

Robert S. Granger, Octob'r 20,

Joseph R. West, Octob'r 25,

Joseph W. Revere, Octob'r 25,

Alfred W. Ellet, November 1,

E. N. Stoughton, November 5,

Geo. L. Andrews, November 10,

Casualties in the Volunteer Force.—

Major-Gen. Charles F. Smith, at Savannah, Tennessee, April 25, 1962.

Major-Gen. O. M. Mitchel, at Beaufort, South Carolina, October  SO, 1862.

Major -General Israel B. Richardson, of wounds received at the battle of Antietam, at Harper's Ferry, November 4, 1862.

Major-General Philip Kearney, of New Jersey, killed at the battle of Chantilly, Virginia September 1,1862.

Major-General Jesse L. Reno, of Massachusetts, killed at the battle of Catochtin, Maryland, September 14, 1862.

Major-General William Nelson, of Kentucky, killed in a personal rencontre at Louisville, September 29, 1862.

Brigadier-General F. W. Lander, at Camp Chase, Virginia, March 2,1862.

Brigadier-General Wm. H. Keim, at Harrisburg, Pa, May 18,1862.

Brigadier-General William H. L. Wallace, at Savannah, Tennessee, of wounds received at the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, April 10, 1862.

Brigadier-General Nathaniel Lyon, of Connecticut, killed at the battle of Wilson's Creek. Missouri, August 10. 1561.

Brigadier-General Thomas Williams, of Michigan, killed at the battle of Baton Rouge. La, August 5, 1862.

Brigadier-General Robert L. McCook, of Ohio, shot by guerillas in northern Alabama. August 6,1862.

Brigadier-General Joseph B. Plummer, of Missouri, at Camp Gaylord, Mississippi, August 9, 1862.

Brigadier-General Henry Bohlon, of Pennsylvania, killed on the Rappahannock, Virginia, August 23, 1862.

Brigadier -General George W. Taylor, of New Jersey, killed at the second battle of Bull Run, Virginia, August 81,1802.

Brigadier-General Isaac I. Stevens, of Washington Territory, killed at the battle of Chantilly, Virginia September 1, 1862.

Brigadier-General Joseph K. F. Mansfield, died at the battle of Antietam, Maryland, September 18, 1862.

Brigadier-General Isaac P. Rodman, of R.I., died at Hagerstown, Maryland. September 29, of wounds received at the battle of Antietam.

Brigadier-General Pleasant A. Hackleman, of Indiana, killed at the battle of Corinth. Mississippi, October 4,1862.

Brigadier-General James S. Jackson, of Kentucky, killed at the battle of Perryville. Kentucky, October 8, 1862.

Brigadier-General Wm. R. Terrill, of Virginia (Captain Fifth U. S. Artillery), killed nt the battle of Perryville. Kentucky. October 8, 1862.

Brigadier-General F. E. Patterson, at Fairfax, Va., November 22, 1862.

Brigadier-General Richard J. Oglesby. of Michigan, at the battle, of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862.

Brigadier-General George D. Bayard, of New Jersey, at the battle of Murfreesborough, Virginia December 18, 1862.

Brie-General Joshua W. Sill, of Ohio, at the battle of Murfreesborough, December 31,1862. (The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1861, vol. 1. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868, PP. 16-22.)


Source: The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year, 1861-1865, vols. 1-5. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868.