The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year, 1861-1865, vols. 1-5. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868.

Union States in 1862, Part 2: Massachusetts through New Jersey

MASSACHUSETTS, the 30th State in the Union in area, ranks in population as the seventh, the census returns of I860 showing that her total number of inhabitants was 1,231,066, of whom 596,713 were males, and 634,353 females, and 9,602 colored. In density of population and absolute increase of population per square mile she ranks first, and in the amount of her manufactures, third. The aggregate products of the latter amounted to $260,000,000, of which $55,675,684 were cotton and woollen goods, and the products of her fisheries to $9,860,402. In Page 562 1862 the State had about 1,550 miles of railroad in operation, or under construction, in which upward of $60,000,000 have been invested. The total value of her real and personal property amounted to $S15,237,433, which was exceeded by that of only 4 other States. The number of newspapers and periodicals published in the State was 232, and their aggregate circulation was 102,000,760 copies. (See United States.)

In January, 1862, the Legislature met and organized, by the choice of John H. Clifford, as president of the Senate, and Alexander H. Bullock, as speaker of the House of Representatives, both being the candidates of the republicans, who were in a large majority. John A. Andrew was at the same time inaugurated as governor of the State, a post which he had filled during the previous year. The amount of debts and liabilities of the State was stated to be $10,988,346.56, of which $1,368,000 were floating, and the remainder funded debt. The resources amounted to $14,835,161.27, of which $3,205,744.08 were unproductive, leaving a surplus over the liabilities of the State of $3,846,241.62.

One of the first acts of the Legislature was to provide for the protection of the chief seaport3 of the State in the event of a foreign war, without waiting for the tardy and uncertain action of the National Government, from which however a reimbursement for moneys expended was expected. A resolution was accordingly adopted as follows:

That his Excellency, the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the council, be and be is hereby authorized to enter into contracts on behalf of the Commonwealth for the manufacture of suitable ordnance for the coast defences of Massachusetts, to au amount not exceeding live hundred thousand dollars, after advertising for proposals therefor; provided, that the work shall be done under the supervision of officers to be appointed by the Government of the United States.

In accordance with this resolution the armament of the fortifications in Boston harbor and at New Bedford, was put on a war footing, and plans were prepared by the engineer and ordnance officers of the State, for the fortification of other ports in Massachusetts, by earth works to be thrown up in a few days, in cases of necessity.

The following resolutions reported by the Committee on Federal Relations were adopted on April 30, in relation to the act passed by the General Assembly of Maryland for the relief of the families of the killed and wounded of Massachusetts at Baltimore, on the 19th of April, 1861:

Resolved, That the Commonwealth of Massachusetts hereby acknowledges the liberal appropriation of her sister State of Maryland, for the relief of the wounded, and of the families of the killed of the Sixth regiment of Massachusetts volunteers, in the lamentable occurrences at Baltimore on the 19th of April, 1861. The people of Massachusetts will welcome with sincere and cordial satisfaction this evidence of the generous sympathy of the people of Maryland, which will tend to restore and strengthen that kind of fraternal feeling which should ever exist between the citizens of the different States of this Union.

Resolved, That his Excellency, the Governor, be requested to transmit a copy of this resolve to bis Excellency, the Governor of Maryland, with the request that it be laid before her Legislature at its next session.

On January 1, 1862, Massachusetts had sent to the field (including 3,736 three months' volunteers) 33,636 men, and had also contributed 11,000 men to the navy. Six mouths later she had in actual service 26 regiments of infantry, 1 of cavalry, 1 of heavy artillery, 8 batteries of light artillery, and 2 companies of sharpshooters, beside 3 additional regiments in process of recruitment, all of which were enlisted for three years; and the number of seamen for the navy furnished by her was estimated at from 12,000 to 18,000.

On May 19th the U. S. adjutant-general telegraphed from Washington to Governor Andrew, requesting to know how soon he could raise and organize three or four more infantry regiments, and have them ready to be forwarded, armed and equipped, to the seat of war. The governor, in reply, sent the following communication to Secretary Stanton:

A call so sudden and unexpected finds me without materials for an intelligent reply. Our voting men are all preoccupied with other views. Still, if a real call for three regiments is made, I believe we can raise them in forty days. The arms and equipments would need to be furnished here. Our people have never inarched without them. They go into camp while forming into regiments, and are drilled and practised with arms and muskets as soldiers. To attempt the other course would dampen enthusiasm, and make the men feel that they were not soldiers but a mob.

Again: if our people feel that they are going into the South to help to fight rebels who will kill and destroy them, by all means known to savages as well as civilized men; will deceive them by fraudulent flags of truce and lying pretences, as they did the Massachusetts boys at Williamsburg: will use their negro slaves against them both as laborers and fighting men, while they themselves must never fire at the enemy's magazine, I think they will feel the draft is heavy on their patriotism. But if the President will sustain General Hunter, and recognize all men, even black men, as legally capable of that loyalty the blacks are waiting to manifest, and let them fight with God and human nature on their Bide, the roads would swarm, if need be, with multitudes whom New England would pour out to obey your call.

Always ready to do my utmost, I remain, most faithfully, your obedient servant,

                JOHN A. ANDREW.

A few days later came the intelligence of the sudden march of the Confederate General Jackson down the valley of the Shenandoah, and of the retreat of General Banks's small army and the imminent danger apprehended at Washington. The northern and eastern States responded with eagerness to the call of the Government for aid, and among the first to take active measures in that behalf was Governor Andrew, who, forgetting the scruples which he had urged in his previous communication, issued a proclamation. (See page 108.)

With an alacrity which rivalled that of their ancestors, the " minute " men of the Revolution, the citizens of Massachusetts responded at once to the call of the governor, and on the succeeding Page 563 day, May 20, 3,100 men reported to him at his headquarters on Boston Common. These were the regular militia of the State, and did not embrace a regiment of volunteers despatched on the same day to Washington. It was noted with gratification that this was double the number which reported in April, 1861, immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter, and claimed that Massachusetts was still among the first of the States in devotion to the Union as well as in resources.

Within a few days the retreat of General Jackson relieved the General Government of fears for the safety of the capital, and in accordance with orders from the War Department the militia were released, and all future enlistments were directed to be made for 3 years or during the war.

The calls of the Government in July and August for additional three years' men and 300,000 nine months' men were responded to by Massachusetts with her accustomed readiness, and by the 18th of December out of the 75,294 men, which constituted the quota of the State to that period, all but 3,809 had been furnished. By the report of the adjutant-general rendered at the commencement of 1863, it appears that subsequent to July, 1862, the State sent 15,012 men for the three years' service and 22 regiments, comprising 19,806 men, for 9 months, and that during 1862 6,628 men had been recruited to fill up the ranks of the old regiments in the field. If to these be added the men recruited for the navy, a total of about 90,000 men enlisted since the commencement of the war will be entered to the credit of the State. Those amount to about 64 per cent, of the total number of non-exempted enrolled by the State officers, and .078 of the whole population. The aggregate number of soldiers in service at the close of the year was estimated by Governor Andrew at 60,000.

In connection with the subject of the equipment of the Massachusetts regiments, in which upward of $4,000,000 had been expended under the direction of the executive, it may be added that a legislative committee, which had been invested with absolute authority to investigate the matter, reported unanimously that after a thorough examination, in which they had even advertised in the public journals "that they were holding meetings for the purpose of receiving such complaints as any person might be desirous of making concerning any contracts," they had been "unable to fix a charge of fraud or improper conduct upon any person connected with the Government," that they had no complaints before them which remained unexamined, and that they had no reason to suppose that any more would or could be preferred.

In the early part of September the political parties began to organize for the November election of State officers and members of Congress. A convention of the republicans nominated Governor Andrew and his colleagues in office for reelection, and adopted the following resolutions: Resolved, That Massachusetts with all her heart and strength will support the Government of the United States in the prosecution of this war, bv the employment of all the means sanctioned by the usages of Christian civilized warfare. Resolved, That the most decisive measures for the complete and permanent suppression of this rebellion are the most prudent, and that, as the institution of slavery is a principal support of it, that institution shall be exterminated.

Resolved, That we heartily applaud the gallantry and endurance of our soldiers, and mourn the loss of those who have fallen, and that we will cherish their memories in our hearts and preserve them by most enduring monuments.

Resolved, That we recognize and acknowledge the preeminent merits and services of our Senators in the Congress of the United States, the honorable Charles Sumner and the honorable Henry Wilson. In the posts of duty assigned them by the suffrages of their brother Senators, one as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the other as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, they have cordially and unreservedly, and with masterly ability, supported all governmental measures, and fitly represented the Commonwealth as among the most cheerful and enthusiastic defenders of the Government. And now that the second term of our senior Senator is drawing to a close we desire to express our warm approbation of his course and appreciation of his services, and to commend him to the suffrages of his fellow-citizens, whom he has served so well, that the Commonwealth may again honor itself by returning to duty at the capital a statesman, a scholar, a patriot, and a man of whom any Republic in any age might be proud.

Resolved, That the administration of the affairs of the State during the past year, and the intelligent and energetic manner in which its Chief Magistrate and other officers have discharged their severe duties, merit and receive our most hearty commendation.

On the 13th of September, a call signed by many eminent citizens of Massachusetts was issued for a convention of delegates from the people to meet at Boston on October 7. The purpose of the call was thus stated:

In order, therefore, that the loyal men in Massachusetts may in the most effectual manner sustain and support the Government, the Constitution and the laws, and aid the chosen and constituted head of the nation, the President, in his patriotic and self-sacrificing labors to save the country and put down rebellion, we ask the people of this Commonwealth, irrespective of all party, to meet at some future time to be agreed upon, to nominate candidates for State officers at the coming election, and take counsel together for the common weal.

The convention assembled at the appointed time at Faneuil Hall, which was filled with delegates and friends of the movement. Linus Childs was appointed president of the convention, and the following nominations were made: for governor, Charles Devens, jr.; lieut.-gov., Thomas F. Plunkett; secretary, Oliver Warner; treasurer, Henry K. Oliver; attorney general, Henry W. Paine.

The views of the convention were expressed by the following resolutions:

Resolved, That our sentiments are evenly expressed by adopting the language of the following resolution passed by Congress at the extra session in 1861: "That the present deplorable civil war has been forced upon the country by the disunionists of the Southern States, now in arms against the Constitutional Government, and in arm's around the capitol; that in this great Page 564 national emergency, banishing all feeling of mere passion and resentment, we will recollect only our duty to the whole country; that this war is not waged on our part in any spirit of oppression, or for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, or purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution, and to preserve the Union with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unimpaired, and that as soon as these objects are accomplished the war ought to cease."

Resolved, That the expenditure of nearly two thousand millions of treasure, the loss of two hundred thousand men of our armies in a war of eighteen months against traitors, two thirds less in numbers and inferior in resources for war of every description—and the traitors still not only unsubdued, but apparently vigorous and threatening as at the beginning—call loudly upon the people, without distinction ot party or opinion, to make inquiry as to the cause of disaster, and to unite with all their heart, mind, and might in urging on and sustaining the Executive in a more vigorous and successful prosecution of the war, that it may be a short war, and that its end may be a speedy and honorable peace, with every State restored to the Union and the Constitution.

Resolved, That we recognize in Abraham Lincoln, the chief executive magistrate of the nation, commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, a responsible and constitutional head, whose rightful authority and power ought always to be vigorously and religiously guarded and preserved as the condition on which our form of government and the constitutional rights and liberties of the people can be saved from the wreck of anarchy or the gulf of despotism. Now, more than any other time in the history of the republic, the President ought zealously to guard himself, lest in the assumption of war powers, as the commander-in-chief of vast armies, he transcend the limits and bounds set by the fathers to guard the liberties of the people.

Resolved, That we have read with pleasure the declaration of the President, as commander-in-chief, in his proclamation of September 22, 1862, that the war hereafter, as heretofore, " will be prosecuted for the object of practically restoring the constitutional relations between the United States and the people thereof, in which States that relation is or may be suspended or disturbed." We know that in the mode and manner of conducting this war to that issue, in the means and policy to be adopted in its prosecution, a solemn and fearful responsibility rests upon him.

Resolved, That freedom exists only under the Constitution; it confines and limits authority; it defines executive, legislative, and judicial power. Without a strict and guarded observance of and adherence to it, military power, which in time of war, within rebellious districts, occupied by armed forces, arrests its citizen, condemns and executes him by decree of court martial, might become supreme and perpetual over the whole land, and the Government be made a despotism. In this time of war we want men in our Congress who shall be vigilant, sleepless, and far-seeing watchmen upon the towers of freedom—shall guard against the slightest encroachments upon the legislative and judicial powers, and shall see to it that those great safeguards to liberty, exemption from arrest without legal warrant, trial by jury, and the writ of habeas corpus, are preserved in loyal and peaceful States. In tunes like the present, passion is apt to overwhelm reason and judgment. Now, and for years to come, during the war, at the end of the war, after the war questions are to be discussed and determined more tremendous in their consequences than have been presented to the nation since the founding of the government. We need legislators who are patriots and statesmen. Massachusetts no longer wants men to represent her who see one thing so clearly that they can see nothing else.

Resolved, That we offer the thanks of this convention to the loyal States of the border, for their devotion to the Union, the Constitution, and the flag. We know what they have suffered. We know against what they contended. We know the strength of their patriotism. It is firm and true when hostile armies encamp upon their soil and devastate their homes. And we brand as false and wicked the imputation of fanatics, and partisans that their loyalty is doubtful, and, therefore, their counsel should be spurned. God bless Maryland for the last proof of her fidelity. God help the brave State of Kentucky, cursed to-day by the tread of a rebel army. Her people are our people, her cause is our cause, and it is our proud confidence that she will pass through her present trial with her fair fame untarnished, and while she routes those who have invaded her, will confound those who have slandered her.

Resolved, That Massachusetts responds with full heart to the acclaim with which the army of Virginia greeted the appointment to its command of Major-General George B. McClellan. We put trust in him whom brave men desire to do battle for our cause. Let all irregular and irresponsible intermeddling with his command of the army, whether in high places or low, by letter writers in camp or governors in convention, anywhere and everywhere, henceforth cease.

A complete party organization was also made by the convention.

On the next day, the 8th, a convention, representing the democratic party, assembled at Worcester, and declined to make any nominations for State officers, but adopted the following resolutions, as expressive of their views on national affairs:

Resolved, That the democracy of Massachusetts, waiving the expression of their views on questions not rendered imperative by the imperilled condition of our country, will continue to render the National Government their sincere and united support in the use of all legitimate means to suppress the rebellion, and maintain the Constitution and restore the Union.

Resolved, That we believe the Constitution of the United States, formed in wisdom by our fathers, gives to the constituted authorities ample power to suppress rebellion, and we earnestly invoke the President to stand by that sacred instrument, so that all loyal and law-abiding people may with earnest, confiding hearts stand by the President; and while we yield a ready and cheerful obedience to all the requirements of the Constitution, we demand of the Government and governed alike an unwavering fidelity to and enforcement of all its safeguards and provisions.

Resolved, That in common with and adopting the language of the President, our "paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery;"

That the policy announced by Congress in the resolution unanimously adopted in July, 1861, cannot be departed from without a violation of the public faith.

[See first resolution of people's convention.]

Resolved, That we are opposed to the doctrines of secession and abolition, both of which tend directly and surely to the destruction of the republic, and that there can be no permanent union or confederacy of independent States where the right of secession is admitted, or where any State, by a claim of " higher law," usurps the right to disregard the Constitution or bond of Union by which such States are united.

Resolved, That during this rebellion, which requires the whole strength of the people to subdue, the introduction and discussion of mere partisan questions or higher law theories, arc calculated to weaken the hands and unnerve the heart of the soldier, to awaken distrust and jealousy among the people, to arouse the slumbering animosities of party; to beget strife and dissension among ourselves, and thus deprive our action of its great moral power and grandeur; therefore, Page 565

Resolved, That we deeply regret that the President of the United States, at this time forgetful of his obligations to the whole country, as the constitutional head of the Government, and yielding to unwise counsels, should have declared in proclamation of September 22, 1862, his determination to adopt hereafter, in the prosecution of our deplorable civil war, the policy of a party which the House of Representatives, of the resolution of February 11, l861, unanimously declared to be too "insignificant in numbers and influence to excite the serious attention or alarm of any portion of the people of the republic."

Resolved, That in the name of civilized humanity, we respectfully but earnestly protest against the emancipation proclamation of the President of the United States, both on the ground of the unconstitutionality and inexpediency, and unjustifiable on the ground of military necessity, as it is prospective, not immediate, in its action, and we accept as conclusive reasons against it the unanswerable arguments of the President himself to the self-constituted Chicago delegation : that it deprives the noble Union men in the rebellious States, alike with the most guilty, of their property; that if inoperative it will bring down upon us the scorn of the world, and if capable of practical execution it must produce a war of races, in which all alike, the innocence of woman and the helplessness of childhood, must suffer with the guilty, and which must sooner or later end in the extinction of the negro race in the Southern States.

Resolved, That in order to prevent such deplorable results we feel it incumbent upon us to use all honorable efforts to surround the President with sound, safe, and wise counsellors, and send to Congress from this Commonwealth statesmen, whoso standard of loyalty is neither above the Constitution, nor in conflict with it.

Resolved, That the right of trial by jury, and the ancient and constitutional right of this people to canvass public measures, should be nt all times, and in all places, as well in time of war as in time of peace, jealously guarded; That the right of the writ of Habeus corpus is older than the Government itself; it is one of the main pillars of the common law, and the great bulwark of civil liberty, with the wisdom of centuries pleading for its sanctity, and under the Constitution there is no power that can suspend it except the Congress of the United States, and, as the people of the loyal States have voluntarily given millions of their treasure, and thousands of their sons to sustain the Government, no exigency requires its suspension, and we therefore call on the President to recognize the loyalty of the people, by restoring to them the right of trial by jury and freedom of speech, and of the press.

Resolved, That meetings of the governors of States, with the view to control or shape the policy of the General Government, or to dictate terms to the President, is not only not warranted by the Constitution, but is revolutionary in its tendency, and deserving severe reprobation.

Resolved, That the services of Major-General George B. McClellan entitle him to the grateful acknowledgments of the people, and that any attempt to deprive him of the command he now holds, or to embarrass his plans or impair the confidence with which the soldiers and people regard him, whether made by conventions of Governors, by Senators, or Congressmen, or any other politicians, is fraught with great danger to our cause and deserves the severest censure.

The election took place on the first Tuesday of November, and the votes of the electors were given as follows:

1862. Republican 80,835 65,261 People 52,587 Democrat 31,266

The votes for members of Congress were given as follows:

Republican. People. 1st District 8,899 2,762 2d" 9,271 5,884 3d" 5,044 5,020 4th" 5,828 6,351 5th" 8,505 5,398 6th" 8,124 6,152 7th" 7,U!i4 6,496 6th" 10,128 6,178 9th" 14,311 No candidate. 10th" 7,449 5.7S5

The members of the Legislature were elected as follows: Senate. House. Republican  Democratic

A proposition was made to Governor Andrew, on the 30th of September, from General Dix, commander at Fortress Monroe, with the approbation of the War Department, to receive into Massachusetts a certain number of the slaves, or "loyal blacks," collected there, whose removal was desirable "for reasons both military and humane."

The correspondence was conducted through Major Bolles, of General Dix's staff, and the governor. It was contemplated to relieve the Government, by the removal of a large number to Massachusetts and other Eastern States. The governor, although earnestly invoked on the subject in the name of humanity to the "loyal blacks," declined to receive them, on the ground that their stout arms could be of service in fighting for liberty. He further said:

Contemplating, however, the possibility of their removal, permit iue to say that the Northern States are, of all places, the worst possible to select for an asylum. These poor people, afloat upon the world, are inhabitants of a southern climate, and have habits, and are subject to needs and to peculiarities of physical constitution accordingly. Where, then, is the prudence or the humanity of subjecting them at once to the rigors of our northern sky, in the winter season, with the moral certainty of inflicting extreme suffering, resulting probably in disease and death? If their removal is definitely determined upon, I would take the liberty of suggesting for the asylum some Union foothold iii the South—as Hilton Head—where they could retain their health, be trained as soldiers, and their labor be rendered economically available. For them to conic here for encampment or asylum would be to come as paupers and sufferers into a strange land and a climate trying even to its habitues, as a swarm of homeless wanderers, migrating without purpose, and not to the wilderness where the strong arm would suffice for maintenance, but to a busy community where they would be incapable of self-help—a course certain to demoralize themselves and endanger others. Such an event would be a handle to all traitors and to all persons evilly disposed. We should be told that the experiment had been tried and had failed; that the negroes were proved worthless and incapable of taking care of themselves, when the truth would be that we had pursued the plan most eminently calculated to disable and corrupt them. I meet with pleasure the motives of humanity which have dictated your proposed plan; but from the very same feelings I must consider the plan mistaken. It is precisely because I do not wish the negroes to suffer; precisely because I would save their wives and children from perishing; precisely because I do not wish their new freedom to become license, corruption, and infamy, that I respectfully decline to aid or countenance your plan for their transportation to the North.

MICHIGAN, one of the northwestern States, bounded on the west in part by the lake of the same name, increased in population during the ton years preceding 1860, the number of 351,459. For the further details of the census of 1860, which were published in 1862, relative to Michigan, see United States.

The Legislature of Michigan assembled on the 1st Wednesday of January, 1862. It had been elected on the 1st Tuesday of November preceding. The members were divided as follows: Senate House. Total

Republicans 13 63 81

Democrats 14 37 61

On the 18th of January, the following resolutions were adopted, as expressing the prevailing opinion of this body, and subsequently laid before Congress:

Whereas the Government of the United States is engaged in putting down a causeless and wicked rebellion against its authority and sovereignty, inaugurated by ambitious men to obtain political power—a Government, the safety and perpetuity of which must ever rest upon the loyalty of its citizens, and in an adherence to the Constitution; and whereas the welfare of mankind, the usefulness and power of the nation, are involved in the events and issues of the present conflict, therefore,

Be it resolved, That Michigan, loyal to herself and to the Federal Government, reaffirms her undying hostility to traitors, her abiding love for freedom, and her confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of the national Administration.

Resolved, That the people of Michigan deem it the imperative duty of the Government to speedily put down all insurrection against its authority and sovereignty, by the use of every constitutional means, and by the employment of every energy it possesses; that Michigan stands firm in her determination to sustain, by men and treasure, the Constitution and the Union, and claims that the burden of loyal men should be lightened, as far as possible, by confiscating, to the largest extent, the property of all insurrectionists; and that as between the institution of slavery and the maintenance of the Federal Government, Michigan does not hesitate to say that in such exigency slavery should be swept from the land, and our country be maintained.

The citizens of the State were divided into two parties—the republicans and the democrats; the latter were designated by some as "Unionists," meaning by that all who were in favor of preserving the Union, but opposed to the Administration. The democratic party held a convention at Detroit, on the 5th of March, and passed a series of resolutions, but postponed the nomination of any candidates for the election in November:

The resolutions were expressive of the position of the democracy of Michigan, in the present crisis, promising to support the Government m all constitutional means to suppress the rebellion, and opposing the termination of the war until all resistance to the Government everywhere ceases.

Abolitionism was strongly denounced as equally guilty with Southern secessionism, and the speedy extinguishment of both was hoped for.

Also approving the modification of General Fremont's proclamation, and of Secretary Cameron's report, and the appointment of the present Secretary of War, as indications that the President would adhere to the Constitution.

Also denouncing corruption and extravagance, and demanding honesty and economy in the administration of Government.

Subsequently the same party nominated for governor Stout, with candidates for State officers. The principles upon which the election was based will be perceived by the foregoing, and by reference to the resolutions adopted by the democratic conventions of Indiana and Iowa.

The republican party nominated for reelection for governor Austin Blair, and candidates for State officers. The general principles by which they were influenced in voting can be seen with sufficient clearness by reference to the resolutions of the Illinois republican convention, and by those above mentioned, subsequently adopted in the Legislature of Michigan.

At the election on the second Tuesday in November, the votes of the citizens for governor were cast as follows:

 1860. Republican 63,716 87,«03 Democratic 62.HJ2 67,221

Majority 0,014 20,585

Six republican members of Congress were chosen, for whom the vote was as follows: Republican. Democratic.

1st District 13,400 18,203 2d" 14,147 11,385 3d" 12,317 11,407 4th"  10,013 7,303 6th" 10,482 10,000 6th" 7,879 7,340

The number of troops which entered the Federal army from the State is nearly 50,000; of whom 24,097, embracing eighteen regiments of infantry, one regiment and one company of engineers, three regiments of cavalry, six companies of sharpshooters, one company of light and six of heavy artillery, and thirteen companies of infantry, and two squadrons of cavalry, enlisted in other States, took the field in 1861.

The length of railroads in the State exceeds 800 miles, at a cost of construction of over $31,000,000. Three principal lines, connecting the eastern portion of the country with the Upper Mississippi valley, cross the State. These are called the Southern, Central, and Detroit and Milwaukee. A fourth, intended to connect by steam ferry with the Sheboygan and Fond du Lac of northern "Wisconsin, has been commenced. The State has one canal, which extends around the falls of St. Mary, and connects Lake Superior with the other lakes. (See page 230.)

No State has an institution so largely endowed or with so complete an organization as the University of Michigan. It has not only the faculty usually found in colleges in this country, but a corps of legal and medical professors besides others of the higher sciences and the fine arts. An entrance fee of $10 is the only payment required of the student. There are also the Kalamazoo College, under the direction of the Baptist denomination; Albion College, under the Methodist denomination; Page 586 and Hillsdale College, under the Free Will Baptists. The State has a primary school fund exceeding $1,698,861, a university fund exceeding $500,000, and the normal school fund not far from $20,000. The number of children attending school in the State, in 18(51, was 202,504 out of 252,533.

The salt manufactures in the State, in consequence of the high price of the article during the last year, became rapidly developed. Saginaw is the principal town in the region, and the salt fields extend from the bay westward between forty and fifty miles, to the point where the Chippewa river passes into the Tittibawassee, and even beyond. In breadth they are about thirty miles. This whole district forms a basin constantly filling with brine 85 to 92 per cent. Boring is pushed to the depth of eight hundred feet, and the supply continues inexhaustible. The brine, although containing impurities, compares well with the Onondaga and Kanawha brines. This portion of the country is also a great lumber region, which is inducing a rapid settlement. Salt docks and lumber yards alternate for twenty-five miles up the Saginaw river. About six hundred thousand barrels were manufactured during the year. The old kettles and furnaces are gradually giving way to the new process of evaporating by steam in large vats, which produces a better quality of salt at a reduced cost. The geological survey of the state has also developed vast treasures of iron, copper, lead, coal, marble, and gypsum. The debt of the State on July 1st, 1862, was as-follows:

11 Adjusted bonds," 6 per cent, due In 1SG3 (1,744,133 00 Full paid "Five Million Loan," 6 per cent., duo In 1S63 177,000 00 Part paid "Five Million Loan,'1 when funded, due In 1868, will be S.1,S14 00 "Renewal Loan," 6 per cent., due in 1S7S 216,090 00 "Temporary Loan," 7 per cent., due in 1S7S.... 30,000 00 Internal improvement warrant bonds, on demand 30 00 Sanlt Canal bonds, 6 per cent., due In 1S76 100.000 00 War loan bonds, 7 per cent., due In 1865 605500 00 Internal improvement warrants, due on demand 8,592 82 Total $2,979,731 82

MINNESOTA, one of the northern central States of the Union, enclosing in its boundaries the head waters of the Mississippi river, the Red River of the North, and the St. Louis, the highest source of the St. Lawrence; area, 83,531 square miles; population, in I860,173,855.

Minnesota, though one of the youngest of the sisterhood of States, having been organized as a territory in 1849, and admitted into the Union as a State in 1857, has exhibited great energy and enterprise. Its population is largely from New England, but considerable bodies of Germans, Norwegians, and Swedes have also settled in different portions of the State, attracted by its fine climate, and the productiveness of its soil. The population of some of the western counties is almost wholly German, while in the more northern counties the Swedes and Norwegians predominate.

The governor of the State is Alexander Ramsey, of St. Foul, who was chosen in October, 1861, and assumed office in January, 1862. His term expires in January, 1864. The secretary of State is J. H. Baker, of Blue Earth, elected at the same time and for the same term as the governor. At the election in October, 1862, a Legislature and two members of Congress were chosen. The political complexion of the Legislature elected was: senate, republicans, 16; democrats, 5. House, republicans, 29; democrats, 12; Union democrat, 1. The congressmen elected were William Windam, in the 1st district, majority, 2,940; 2d district, Ignatius Donnelly, majority, 2,010. Both are republicans.

The State has been very prompt in furnishing her quota of troops, having equipped and sent into the field before December 1, 1862, 11,887, including the first three months' regiment of 930 men. This amount is about SCO in excess of her quota on all the calls.

During the spring and early Summer of 1862, reports from various sources reached the United States Government, indicating that the Indian tribes of Utah, Colorado, Dakota, and western Nebraska would ravage the Territories and frontier States. It was said that emissaries from the Southern Confederacy had been among them, stimulating them to rise and plunder and destroy the frontier settlements; and to encourage them in this movement, they were told that the United States Government was broken up by the South, and could make no resistance. Adventurers from Canada, too, had visited them in the early part of the year (when, in consequence of the Mason and Slidell affair, it was expected there would be a war with Great Britain), urging them to bring their furs across the boundary, and assuring them that they should be aided with money and arms to drive the Americans from their lands. The Indians while thus prompted to insurrection, by evil and designing men from both north and south of their hunting fields, had also many imaginary and some real grounds of complaint against the Indian agents sent among them by the United States Government. Some of these had proved unworthy of their trust; had swindled and defrauded the Indians, and had treated them with harshness; and though these were the exceptions, and perhaps rare exceptions, yet the delay in paying the Indian annuities, owing to the negligence of the Indian bureau, and the attempt on the part of some of the agents to pay them in legal tender notes instead of gold, which the Government had furnished, aroused distrust in the minds of the Bed men, and led them to plot revenge.

The reports which reached the Department of the Interior had given rise to so much apprehension that the commissioner of Indian affairs published in the summer an advertisement warning the public of the dangers in taking the overland route to the Pacific.

Meantime the settlers in western Minnesota were entirely unsuspicious of danger. A large Page 587 proportion of these settlers were Germans, especially in Brown and the adjacent counties; a considerable number were Norwegians, and the remainder generally of American birth. Most of them had purchased considerable farms, and they had built up small but thriving villages throughout the tier of western counties. They were on terms of friendship with the Indians, and had no apprehension of any treachery from them.

Though an insurrection had been deliberately planned, there is reason to believe that the massacre was precipitated somewhat sooner than was at first intended. On the 17th of August, 4 drunken Indians, belonging to Little Crow's band of Sioux, roaming through the country and becoming intoxicated on whiskey obtained from a white man, had a violent altercation with each other as to which of them was the bravest, and finally determined that the test of their bravery should be the killing of a white man. After committing several murders, and becoming somewhat sober, they fled to their village (Red Wood), and told their chief, Little Crow, who was one of the conspirators, what they had done. He, expecting retaliation for this outrage, at once determined upon commencing the intended attack, and on the morning of the 18th, with a force of 250 or 800 Indians, proceeded to the agency at Yellow Medicine and engaged in an indiscriminate slaughter of all the whites he could find there. Mr. Galbraith, the agent, was absent, having left homo three days before, but his family were among the victims of this murderous assault. A force of 45 soldiers, sent up from Fort Ridgley at the first rumor of disturbance, were attacked by the Indians in ambush, and half their number slain. The marauders, flashed with success, pressed on with their work of death, murdering, with the most atrocious brutalities, the settlers in their isolated farmhouses, violating and then killing women, beating out the brains of infants or nailing them to the doors of houses, and practising every species of atrocity which their fiendish natures prompted. On the 21st of August, they had attacked New Ulm, a flourishing German settlement, the capital of Brown county, with a large force, had beleaguered Fort Ridgley, and were advancing upon other settlements. The only Indians engaged in these outrages were Sioux, and that port ion of them under the special command of Little Crow. The Chippewas, the inveterate enemies of the Sioux, who had also a reservation in Minnesota, were uneasy, and assumed a threatening attitude. They alleged gross frauds on the part of their agent, who escaped from the reservation and committed suicide; but they took no part in the Sioux massacres, and, indeed, a few weeks later, offered to raise a force of their warriors to fight the Sioux, an offer which the Government did not think it wise to accept. On the first intelligence of this insurrection Governor Ramsey sent four companies of the 6th regiment of volunteers from Fort Snelling, and, two days later, on fuller information, he sent forward seven companies more. Colonel (now General) H. H. Sibley, who had 80 years' experience among the Indians on the frontier, was placed in command. Mounted volunteers were also called for by proclamation to join these forces, and largo numbers obeyed the call. The 3d Minnesota regiment, then on parole at St. Louis, was also ordered to report at St. Paul, and arrived there on the 4th of September.

On the 23d of August New Ulm was attacked by the Indians, who were repulsed after a severe battle by a body of the citizens under Judge Flandrau; but remained in the vicinity, intending to renew the assault. The next day, a detachment of Colonel Sibley's troops relieved them from siege, and scattered the marauders; but as 2,000 women and children, who had fled in terror from the surrounding region, had taken refuge there, it was deemed best to evacuate the place, in order to convey them to a place of permanent safety. Fort Ridgley had been besieged for 9 days, and its little garrison had sustained and repelled three desperate attacks; they were relieved on the 26th by a force under the command of Lieut.-Colonel McPhail, sent forward by Colonel Sibley. Finding a large force concentrating on their trail in this direction, the greater part of the Indians proceeded northward, burning and killing everything in their way, toward Breckenridge, a town at the junction of the Bois des Sioux and Red River of the North, which at that point formed the west boundary of the State, massacred the settlers there, and crossing the river, laid siege to Fort Abercrombie in Dakota Territory. Intelligence of these movements having reached St. Paul on the 27th, two companies were forwarded at once to reenforce Fort Abercrombie. On the 3d of September a force of 150 Indians unexpectedly appeared at Cedar City, in McLeod co., in the centre of the State, attacked a company of volunteers there, and drove them to Hutchinson, while another band about as numerous attacked Forest City not far distant, and wore repulsed by the citizens. A few days later, the Indians attacked Hutchinson, but were repulsed. Troops were sent at once to these points. Driven back here, the savages next extended their raid to Jackson, Noble, and Pipeston counties, in the S. "W. part of the State on the border of Iowa, and Colonel Flandrau, who had so valiantly defended New Ulm, was sent with 500 troops to protect that region. Governor Ramsey had meantime apprised the United States Government of the condition of affairs, and had called the Legislature of Minnesota together to meet in extra session on the 9th of September. At their assembling, he laid before them, in his message, the circumstances of the Indian insurrection, and suggested the measures requiring their action, all of which were promptly passed. Meantime the Government had despatched Major-General Pope to command in that department, and aid in Page 588 suppressing the insurrection. The Indians, finding a force greatly superior to their own ready to take vengeance on them for the terrible and dastardly outrages they had committed, began to withdraw from the region they had desolated. A force of 300 or 400 of them made two assaults, in September, on Fort Abercrombie, but were repulsed in both, the second time with heavy loss; the larger part of those who had invaded the central and southwestern portions of the State, fled toward the western border, but were overtaken and brought to bay at Wood Lake on the 22d of September, where after a sharp battle they were utterly defeated, and Little Crow, with his women and children, fled to the Yankton Sioux of Dakota Territory. About 500 Indians were taken prisoners, and 498 were tried by court martial, of whom 300 were sentenced to be hung. The President ordered, however, that only 38 of these should be executed, while the remainder were kept in confinement until further investigation could be had. One of the 38 executed on the 26th of December was a negro named Godfrey, who had been a leader in the massacres, and it was said had killed more than any one of the Indians.

The whole number of Indian warriors among the Minnesota Sioux did not exceed 1,000 or 1,200, and many of these had taken no part in the insurrection, so that probably the killed and captured constituted the greater part of the insurgents. This defeat and prompt arrest of the assailants carried terror into the hearts of the other Indian tribes in the vicinity, and though there have been occasional symptoms of uneasiness since that time among some of the Indians of that region, and the inhabitants of Minnesota cannot feel safe with such treacherous and bloodthirsty foes so near them, it is hardly probable that there will be another uprising for some years. The citizens of Minnesota are, not without cause, exceedingly desirous the Government should remove the Indians from their State.

The loss of life in this insurrection has never been accurately ascertained. Governor Ramsey, in his message, stated it in round numbers at 800, a number undoubtedly larger than subsequent facts would sustain. Some of the writers from the region in which it occurred speak of it as not exceeding 100, which is probably as great an error in the other direction. 85 were buried at Yellow Medicine, nearly all of whom were horribly mutilated, and a considerable number at New Ulm, Breckenridge, Birch Coolie, Fort Abercrombie, Red Lake, Red Wood, and Wood Lake, and many more in the isolated farm houses in the extensive tract overrun by the savages. Probably not far from 500 in all lost their lives, either through the ferocity of the Indians or from the sickness, suffering, and starvation which resulted from their hasty flight from their homes. Between 20,000 and 30,000 persons thus fled for their lives, leaving everything behind them. A part have since returned, others have found their way to their friends at the East, but for some months between 6,000 and 7,000, mostly women and children, were necessarily dependent upon charity. The people of the State contributed most liberally to their relief, and considerable sums were forwarded from other States. Governor Ramsey urged upon the Government the forfeiture of the annuities of the Sioux for the benefit of these innocent sufferers, and the Secretary of the Interior warmly seconded the proposition, which indeed seems no more than justice. The loss of property was estimated at from $2,500,000 to $3,000,000, and the capital of annuity paid to the Minnesota Sioux, was $2,000,000.

MISSOURI. The commencement of 1862 found Missouri in a more quiet condition than for many months previous, although, from the preparations making for warlike operations on either side, hostilities conducted on a larger and more systematic scale were anticipated. The army of the Confederate general, Sterling Price, lay around Springfield, in the southern part of the State, and was represented to be largely made up of Missouri militia, whose stability could not be depended upon in the event of a retreat. Along the southern and western frontiers the operations of guerillas caused occasional disturbance, but the central and northern parts of the State, together with the counties bordering on the Mississippi, remained tolerably quiet. The headquarters of the national army were at St. Louis, but considerable bodies of troops were distributed at various points between that city and Springfield, busily preparing for the campaign against General Price.

At St. Louis early in the year, in consequence of complaints of disproportionate assessments having been made under the operation of Order No. 24, Page 590 levying assessments on wealthy secessionists for the support of loyal refugees, General Halleck appointed a new board of assessors to revise the former list and make such modifications as circumstances demanded. Several secessionists having, nevertheless, failed to pay their assessments, he ordered their property to be seized under execution, with 25 per cent, additional to the assessment. One of the number, Samuel Engler, a prominent merchant of St. Louis, with a view of testing the legality of the transaction, caused a writ of replevin to be served on the provost marshal to recover the property taken from him; whereupon he and his attorney were arrested and lodged in the military prison.

By a special order, issued on the 23d, General Halleck directed the provost marshal to send Engler beyond the lines of the department of Missouri, and to notify him that his return, without permission from the commander-in-chief, would subject him to punishment according to the laws of war. For the purpose of preventing any similar resistance to his orders, he reiterated his intentions in the following emphatic language:

Martial law having been declared in this city by authority of the President of the United States, all civil authorities, of whatever name or office, are hereby notified that any attempt on their part to interfere with the execution of any order from these headquarters, or impede, molest, or trouble any officer duly appointed to carry such order into effect, will be regarded as a military offence, and punished accordingly. The Provost Marshal General will arrest each and every person, of whatever rank or office, who attempts in any way to prevent or interfere with the execution of any order issued from these headquarters. He will call upon the commanding officer of the department of St. Louis for any military assistance he may require.

On the 9th of January the provost marshal general issued an order requiring all publishers of newspapers in Missouri, those of St. Louis excepted, to furnish him a copy of each issue for inspection, under penalty of having their papers suppressed. No little excitement was caused on the same day in the St Louis Chamber of Commerce by the refusal of the secession members, who were in the majority and had just elected officers of their own views, to admit a number of Union applicants for membership. The consequence was the withdrawal of the Union members and the establishment of a Union Chamber of Commerce

The indication of latent sympathy with secessionism which was afforded by this occurrence determined General Halleck to adopt more stringent measures to secure adherence to the Government, and on the 26th he issued the following order:

     Headquarters, Department of Missouri.

The President, Secretary, Librarian, Directors, and other officers of the Mercantile Library Association, the President, Secretary, Directors, and other officers of the Chamber or Chambers of Commerce of this city are required to take the oath of allegiance prescribed by article 6 of the State ordinance of October 16, 1861.

Any of the above officers who shall neglect to file in the office of the Provost Marshal General, within ten days of the date of this order, a copy of the oath so subscribed, will be deemed to have resigned; and any who, after neglecting to file his oath of allegiance within the time prescribed, shall attempt to exercise the functions of such office will be arrested for contempt of this order, and punished according to the laws of war.

2d. It is officially reported that carriages bearing the enemy's flag are in the habit of driving to the vicinity of the military prison in McDowell's College. The commanding officer of the prison will seize and take possession of any carriage bearing the enemy's flag, and the horses, carriage, and harness be confiscated. 3d. It is officially reported that certain women are in the habit of approaching the vicinity of the military prison, and waving hostile flags, for the purpose of insulting our troops and carrying on communications with the prisoners of war. The commanding officer of the prison guard will arrest and place in confinement all women so offending.

4th. Any carriage or other vehicle bearing a hostile flag in the city will be seized and confiscated. The city police and patrol guards are directed to arrest persons in vehicles under such flags; also, persons wearing or displaying a hostile flag in the city.

    By command of Major-General HALLECK.

            M. H. McLean, Asst. Adj.-General

This measure was followed by the promulgation of an order dated February 3d, requiring the president and faculty of the University of Missouri to take the oath of allegiance under penalty of having their offices vacated. "The institution," observed General Halleck, "having been endowed by the Government of the United States, its funds should not be used to teach treason or to instruct traitors." The order also exacted a similar oath from the presidents and managers of all railroads in the State, together with a bond that they would not employ persons neglecting to conform to the same requirement; directed the commissary and subsistence departments to deal with none but those who had taken the oath, or were men of approved loyalty; and recommended that all clergymen, professors, and teachers, and all officers of public and private institutions for education, benevolence, business, and trade, in favor of the perpetuation of the Union, should voluntarily subscribe to and file the oath of allegiance, in order that they might be distinguished from those wishing to encourage rebellion, and to prevent the Government from restoring peace and prosperity.

A supplementary order required all licensed attorneys, counsellors, and proctors, to take the oath, under penalty of being debarred from practising in the courts; and another, more general in its provisions than any which had preceded, was in the following terms:

It is hereby ordered that at all future elections in this State, whether State, municipal, county, or town elections, every voter will be required to take the oath of allegiance required by the State Convention, Oct 18, 1861. Officers of polls will see to the execution of this order. If they receive votes of persons not taking the oath, they will be arrested and tried for military offence, and the elections declared null and void.

The arrest and trial of the persons apprehended in northern Missouri for destroying the bridges and other property of the Hannibal and St. Joseph's railroad, led to an important correspondence between Generals Halleck and Page 591 Price, touching the right of the prisoners to be dealt with as ordinary prisoners of war. The extracts which follow sufficiently indicate the points raised by the Confederate general, and the policy of General Halleck. After complaining of the unusual and cruel confinement to which his discharged soldiers had been subjected, General Price observes:

I have obtained information that individuals and parties of men specially appointed and instructed by me to destroy railroad culverts and bridges, by tearing them up, burning, &a, have been arrested and subjected to general court martial, for alleged crimes, which all laws of warfare, heretofore recognized by the civilized world, hare regarded as distinctly proper and lawful. I have learned that such persons, when tried, if convicted of the offence or offences, as stated, are viewed as lawful subjects for capital punishment. These statements I cannot believe to be correct, but let us understand each other on this subject.

Do you intend to continue the arrest of citizens engaged in their ordinary peaceful pursuits and treat them as traitors and rebels? If so, will you make exchange with me for such as I may or will make for similar cases? Do you intend to regard the members of this army as persons deserving death wherever and whenever they may be captured; or will you extend to them the recognized rights of prisoners of war by the code of civilized warfare? Do you regard the destruction of important roads for transportation facilities for military purposes as the legal right of the belligerent power? Do you intend to regard men whom I have especially despatched to destroy roads and burn bridges, tear up culverts, &c, as amenable to the enemy's court martial, or will you have them tried as usual by the proper civil authorities according to the statutes of the States?

To this General Halleck replied:

Where individuals and parties of men violate the laws of war, they will be tried, and, if found guilty, will certainly be punished, whether acting under your special appointment and instructions or not. You must be aware, general, that no orders of yours can save from punishment, spies, marauders, robbers, incendiaries, guerilla bands, etc., who violate the laws of war. You cannot give immunity to crimes. But let us fully understand each other on this point. If you send armed forces, wearing the garb of soldiers, and duly organized and enrolled as legitimate belligerents, to destroy railroad bridges, Ac, as a military act, we shall kill, if possible, in open warfare, or if we capture them we will treat them as prisoners of war. But it is well known that you have sent numbers of your adherents in the garb of principal citizens, and under false pretences, through our lines into northern Missouri, to rob and destroy the property of Union men, and burn and destroy railroad bridges, thus endangering the lives of thousands; and this, too, without any military necessity or possible military advantage. Moreover, peaceful citizens of Missouri, quietly working on their farms, have been instigated by your emissaries to take up arms as insurgents, and rob and plunder, and commit arson and murder. They do not even act under the garb of soldiers, but under false pretences, and in the guise of private citizens. You certainly will not pretend that men guilty of such crimes, although specially appointed and instructed by you, are entitled to the rights and immunities of ordinary prisoners of war. If you do, will you refer me to a single authority on the laws of war which recognizes such a claim? The trial of the bridge burners, meanwhile, went on before a military commission in Palmyra, and in the latter part of January eight persons were found guilty, and sentenced to be shot. In accordance with the views above expressed, General Halleck approved of the sentence, and ordered it to be carried into effect in the succeeding month. And inasmuch as the secession organizations for the destruction of railroad property in northern Missouri exhibited occasional activity, a bridge near Palmyra, just reconstructed, having been burned as recently as the 25th of January, he directed in a general order, issued February 16, that all persons "accused of acts in violation of the laws of war, such as the destruction of railroads and bridges and private property, firing into trains, assassination, &c, should not be released on any terms, but be held for trial before a military commission."

In the last week of January the national forces, under General Curtis, commenced their march southward, and on the 13th of February the advanced guard entered Springfield, General Price retiring across the boundary into Arkansas at their approach. (See Army Operations.) This movement, for the time, freed the State of the presence of armed opponents of the Government, and the St. Louis papers of February, 22 announced, with no little satisfaction, that "the last vestige of military insurrection had been swept away." In view of this fact, and of the increasing loyalty of the citizens of Missouri, as well as of the recent victories in Tennessee, General Halleck issued an order abating the stringent military regulations in force in the State, and mitigating the sentence of death against the bridge burners to close confinement in the military prison; but with this proviso, that if Confederate spies should again destroy railroads or telegraph lines, the original sentence should be carried into effect. He also directed that no further assessments should be levied on persons who had taken the prescribed oath of allegiance.

Lieut.-Governor Hall, in the absence of Governor Gamble, appointed Robert Wilson, president of the State Convention, and John B. Henderson, a Douglas democrat, as United States Senators, in the place of Waldo P. Johnson and Trusten Polk, whose seats had been declared vacant by a resolution of the Senate of January 10th.

In the latter part of January the troops destined by General Halleck to cooperate with the army of General Grant in Tennessee, took their departure from Commerce, on the Mississippi river, under General Pope, for New Madrid. (See Army Operations.)

The departure of General Halleck for Corinth, in April, left General Schofield in command of the greater part of the State, and on June 1st he assumed command of the entire department of Missouri, fixing his headquarters at St. Louis. On April 8th General Sterling Price resigned the command of the Missouri State guard.

On June 3d, the State Convention met pursuant to adjournment at Jefferson City. In an official communication Governor Gamble reviewed the history of affairs during the interval succeeding the adjournment of the convention, and showed that the finances of the State were still Page 592 in an unsettled condition, only forty-one counties out of one hundred and twelve having returned tax books for 1861. Of $640,220 due from these not more than $253,386 had been paid in. From the counties not heard from the amount was very large; but officers were daily finding it more easy to make collections, and in every respect the condition of things was quite as favorable as when the present authorities received control of the government. The bondholders, he thought, could hardly expect the July interest to be paid, but of the ability of the State to pay ultimately he entertained no doubt. In most parts of the State courts of justice were open and the laws properly administered, but elsewhere disturbance and crime were perpetrated under the name of guerilla warfare. Sufficient force, however, was now ready to compel the cessation of such acts and "troops hostile to the people and the institutions of the State " had been supplanted by home volunteers, who would prove less objectionable. He doubted the expediency of electing members of Congress seventeen months before taking their seats, and, in view of the fact that a large body of the voters of the State were absent as volunteers, suggested the repeal of the ordinance passed in the previous November, which provided for an election of executive officers and for the ratification of the provisional government in August.

On June 4th the Committee on Elections reported bills continuing the present officers of the State until 1864; repealing the ordinance submitting the action of the convention to the people; and defining the qualifications of voters in the State. The last named bill prohibited all Confederates from holding office or voting except on condition of taking the oath to support the constitutions of the United States and Missouri, and required judges of elections to administer a similar oath to all voters.

On the 7th Judge Breckenridge of St. Louis introduced a bill for gradual emancipation, framed in accordance with the President's Message to Congress.

He argued the merits of the bill at length, claiming that it was the only measure at all likely to quiet the agitation rapidly growing in the State. All men agreed that slavery was doomed in Missouri, that secession had ruined it, and it only remained to determine whether, as wise, careful, and conservative men, they would take hold of the subject as a political question, or leave it to be dealt with by radicals. Pass this ordinance, and there would be nothing left to build up radical men and measures; the whole subject could be acted on by the people, after two years of calm reëlection, with peace, quiet, and prosperity restored to the country.

At the conclusion of Mr. Brackenridge’s remarks several members endeavored to gain the floor, and Mr. Hall, of Randolph county, being recognized, moved to lay the bill on the table. In spite of the remonstrances of several members, who wished to speak on the subject, Mr. Hall adhered to his motion, which was carried by yeas 52 to nays 19. He then moved to reconsider the motion to lay on the table, and to lay that motion on the table. This was agreed to, and thus the emancipation scheme was thwarted almost at its inception.

During the 9th and 10th the convention was chiefly occupied in discussing the bill defining the qualifications of voters, which had been reported back without the disfranchising clause. An amendment, offered by Judge Breckenridge, "to disfranchise all persons engaged in rebellion subsequent to December 17, 1861," was, after a protracted debate, carried by a vote of 35 ayes to 31 noes, and the bill was finally passed by 42 yeas to 27 nays. The chief objection urged against the amendment was, that it would discourage emigration from the Southern States.

On the 11th, the bill to continue the present provisional government and postpone the election of State officers until 1864, elicited much discussion, and was finally lost by yeas 31, nays 35. But on the next day the vote was reconsidered by yeas 43, nays 15, and the bill was passed by yeas 45, nays 21. A resolution expressing the confidence of the convention in the integrity and patriotism of Governor Gamble and the other State officers was also unanimously adopted. By this action of the convention the next election was restricted to the choice of members of the 38th Congress and of the State Legislature. On the 12th also an ordinance was passed enabling citizens of the State in the military service of the United States to vote at all the State elections.

On the 13th, Governor Gamble submitted a message calling the attention of the members of the convention to the fact that Congress had, in accordance with a message from the President adopted a joint resolution declaring its willingness to furnish aid to any State that might think proper to adopt a measure of emancipation.

On motion of Judge Breckenridge the message was referred to a special committee of five, consisting of Messrs. Breckenridge, Douglass, Doniphan, Orr, and Howell, with instructions to report without delay upon the subject, by resolution or otherwise. The majority of the committee, Messrs. Breckenridge, Douglass, and Orr, accordingly reported on the 14th the following series of resolutions, by Mr. Hitchcock, of St. Louis, previously referred to the committee, and which were adopted by a vote of 32 to 27:

Whereas, The Congress of the United States, on the special recommendation of the President, has adopted a joint resolution in the following words, to wit:

Resolved, That the United States ought to cooperate with any State which may adopt a gradual emancipation of slavery, giving to such State at its discretion compensation for the inconvenience, public and private, by such a change of system.

And whereas, the President of the United States, in his recent proclamation revoking and annulling a certain authorized declaration, assumed to be made by Major-General Hunter, of the United States army, has Page 593 earnestly invited the people of the States interested to take into consideration the said joint resolution; be it therefore

Resolved 1st. That in the opinion of this convention the proposition contained in the said joint resolution adopted by Congress, approved, 1862, is entitled as well from its source as from its intrinsic importance to the deliberate and respectful consideration of the people of Missouri.

Resolved 2d. That while a majority of the convention have not felt authorized at this time to take action in respect to the grave and delicate question of private rights and public policy, presented by said resolution, yet this body desires cordially to recognize as well the generous spirit displayed by the Government of the United States as the eminent patriotism and ability which have distinguished the President of the United States in his efforts to subdue this unholy rebellion, and restore peace and order to this State.

An ordinance was then adopted fixing the time for all subsequent general elections on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, and the convention adjourned to the 4th of July, 1863, unless sooner called together by the governor.

On June 16th, in pursuance of a call issued some time previous, a mass convention of emancipationists, consisting of 195 delegates from 25 counties, assembled at Jefferson City, to organize the party for the fall elections. The following, among other resolutions, were unanimously adopted by the convention, a considerable number, if not a majority, of whom were slaveholders:

Resolved, That the President of the United States, by and with the approval of the National Congress, having invited the loyal slave States to a consideration of the propriety of initiating a system of gradual emancipation for the purpose of relieving themselves from the incubus of slavery, and removing causes that are seized upon to promote disloyalty; and, furthermore, our own State Convention having had that subject before them for action and thought, and having, after mature reflection, resolved, it was, in view of present exigencies, one worthy of "the deliberate and respectful consideration of the people of the State of Missouri," therefore we take this the earliest opportunity of bringing the subject matter involved before our citizens for their consideration, in order that they may take such action in regard thereto, both as they have been invited to take, and as the public necessities require they should take in the premises.

Resolved, That we are in favor of initiating forthwith a system of emancipation for the State of Missouri, gradual in its character, and the operation of which shall be so adjusted as not to work injury to the pecuniary interests of any loyal citizens whose vested property rights may be involved, and not to disturb by any violent disruption present social relations in our community.

Resolved, That the General Government, by the munificent tender of aid to the State, has relieved the question of emancipation in Missouri of all constitutional and financial embarrassment.

Resolved, That it should be the duty of the next General Assembly of this State to take measures for securing from the National Government the aid pledged by resolution of Congress to those States undertaking the establishment of a system of gradual emancipation, and that the same should be so disposed of as to insure compensation to such as may be adjudged as entitled to compensation for any losses that may be sustained in the inauguration and consummation of such a policy.

Scarcely had the two conventions dissolved when the State was threatened by a new and formidable outbreak of guerillas, who were emboldened by the absence of the greater part of the national forces to repeat on a more extensive scale their operations of the previous year. The greater part of them consisted of the disbanded troops of General Price.

On June 22, General Schofield issued an order holding "rebels and rebel sympathizers responsible in their property, and, if need be, in their persons, for damages thereafter committed by guerillas or marauding parties."

This had so little effect that by the middle of July the whole northern and western parts of the State were disturbed by rumors of guerilla raids and outrages. In the northeast quarter Colonel Porter and Colonel Quantrell began, as early as the last week in June, to gather followers about them, and early in July the former was defeated and his band dispersed, at Cherry Grove, in Schuyler county, on the Iowa line.

The increasing alarm in the State, heightened by the apprehension that the sudden rising of the guerillas was to be followed by another invasion from the South, rendered necessary vigorous measures of defence, and on July 22 the following important order was issued by Governor Gamble:

HEADQUARTERS. STATE OF MISSOURI  Adjutant Generals, Office, St. Louis, July 22, 1862.

The existence of numerous bands of guerillas in different parts of the State, who are engaged in robbing and murdering peaceable citizens, for no other cause than that such citizens are loyal to the Government under which they have always lived, renders it necessary that the most stringent measures be adopted to punish all such crimes, and to destroy such bands.

Brigadier-General John M. Schofield, in command of the Missouri State militia, is hereby authorized to organize the entire militia of the State into companies, regiments, and brigades, and to order into active service such portions of the force thus organized, as he may judge necessary for the purpose of putting down nil marauders, and defending peaceable citizens of the State.

                              H. B. GAMBLE,

                    Governor of the State of Missouri.

This was followed on the same day by an order from General Schofield for the immediate organization of all the militia of Missouri for the purpose of exterminating the guerillas infesting the State.

The organization of the militia was effected with energy and rapidity, and in a brief space of time the forces of the State were prepared to make vigorous opposition to the guerillas in all quarters.

On July 28, Cols. Porter and Cobb were defeated in Calloway county, on the Missouri river; but within three days the former captured Newark, in Knox county, with two companies of national troops. About the same time a new partisan leader, Colonel Poindexter, began to be active in the central counties on the Missouri, and during the first week in August his movements, together with those of Colonel Quantrell in the west, compelled the national commanders to take additional measures of precaution. On August 6th, Colonel Porter Page 594 was disastrously defeated by Colonel McNeil, at Kirksville, in Adair county, and for several weeks was compelled to keep aloof from active operations. As a consequence, the war shifted to central and western Missouri, where Cols. Coffee and McBride were reported to have come to the assistance of Colonel Quantrell.

After a series of desultory skirmishes, an attack was made on the 13th by the combined bands of these leaders, who had been joined a short time previous by Colonel Hughes, and other officers of the Confederate army, upon Independence, resulting in a severe defeat of the State troops; and two days later a body of 800 of the latter were drawn into an ambuscade at Lone Jack, Jackson county, by Cols. Quantrell and Coffee, losing two pieces of cannon, and a number of prisoners. Heavy reinforcements under General Blunt, of Kansas, coming up, however, the guerillas beat a hasty retreat southward, and never paused until they were over the Arkansas line.

Scarcely was the southwest cleared of guerillas than their operations commenced in the north with renewed activity. Colonel Poindexter, after several defeats, was captured early in September, but so daring were the raids of Colonel Porter and his followers in Lewis, Maria, and other northeastern counties, that a Palmyra newspaper declared the whole of that part of the State "to be in the possession of the rebels, with the exception of the posts immediately garrisoned by State or United States troops." It estimated the number of the Confederates at 5,000, divided into numerous small bands, and commanded by reckless and enterprising leaders. On the 12th, Palmyra, occupied by a small Union garrison, was plundered by Colonel Porter's force; but, subsequent to the 15th, the efforts of Cols. McNeil, Guitar, and other Union commanders began to discourage the guerillas, whose strength was gradually frittered away in petty combats.

By an order from the "War Department of September 19, the States of Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas were formed into a military district, under the command of General Curtis, and soon after General Schofield assumed command of the so-called "Army of the Frontier" in southern Missouri. Moving with rapidity and in considerable force, he broke up a formidable camp in Newtonia, and by the 10th of October had driven the enemy completely over the Arkansas border. In the latter part of the same month Cols. Lazcar and Dewey defeated the Confederate bands in southeastern Missouri in several engagements, capturing many prisoners, and driving them finally into Arkansas. Colonel Quantrell had reappeared in the west in the middle of September, but was almost uniformly beaten in his encounters with the State troops, and by the end of October the war, both there and in the north, was practically ended. Before this event was consummated in the north an incident occurred in Palmyra, which created no little comment throughout the State. On the occasion of Colonel Porter's raid upon Palmyra, in September, he had captured, among other persons, an old and respected resident of the place, by name Andrew Allsman, who had formerly belonged to a cavalry regiment, and had been, from his knowledge of the surrounding country, of great service to scouting parties sent out to arrest disloyal persons. Allsman was not paroled like ordinary prisoners, but was conveyed by the band to one of their hiding places, and from the known hatred of his captors and their repeated threats, it was believed that he would be summarily executed by them. When several weeks had elapsed without intelligence of him, this belief ripened in the minds of his friends into absolute conviction, particularly as several Union men had been barbarously murdered by the guerillas in the course of the campaign.

When General McNeil returned to Palmyra, and ascertained the circumstances under which Allsman had been abducted, he caused to be issued, after due deliberation, the following notice:

       PALMYRA (Mo.), October 8,1862.

Joseph C. Porter.—Sir: Andrew Allsman, an aged citizen of Palmyra, and a non-combatant, having been carried from his borne by a band of persons unlawfully arrayed against the peace and good order of the State of Missouri, and which band was under your control, this is to notify you that unless said Andrew Allsman is returned unharmed to his family within ten days from date, ten men who have belonged to your band, and unlawfully sworn by you to carry arms against the Government of the United States, and who are now in custody, will be shot, as a meet reward for their crimes, amongst which is the illegal restraining of said Allsman of his liberty, and, if not returned, presumptively aiding in his murder. Your prompt attention to this will save much suffering. Yours, &c.

                W. R. STRACHAN.

                     Provost Marshal General,

District N. E. Missouri. Per order of Brigadier-General Commanding McNeil's column.

A written duplicate of this notice he caused to be placed in the hands of the wife of Joseph C. Porter, at her residence in Lewis county, it being well known that she was in frequent communication with her husband. The notice was published widely, and as Porter was in northeast Missouri during the whole of the ten days subsequent to the date of this notice, it is supposed to be impossible that he should have been unaware of General McNeil's determination in the premises.

The ten days having elapsed without tidings of Allsman, ten prisoners, already in custody, were selected to pay with their lives the penalty demanded.

They received the announcement for the most part with composure or indifference, and were executed at Palmyra, on October 18, in the presence of a multitude of spectators, in literal accordance with the notice of General McNeil.

The act excited the animadversions of many friends of the Union cause, and gave occasion Page 595 to a vindictive retaliatory order from President Davis. (See Prisoners, Exchange of.)

Early in October the political parties began to prepare for the November election, and the issue of emancipation or anti-emancipation was at once distinctly set before the people of the State. The emancipationists, however, were divided in sentiment on several important points, the radical portion, under the lead of B. Gratz Brown, of the "Missouri Democrat," being in favor of immediate emancipation, while the more conservative members of the party, represented by Colonel Frank P. Blair, urged a gradual removal of slavery from the State. Many of the latter were slaveholders and residents of large slaveholding districts, and, although pledged unconditionally to the maintenance of the Union, were necessarily averse to the too sudden dissolution of the relations of master and servant. Throughout the State generally the two divisions of the party united in the support of the same candidates; but in St. Louis a somewhat bitter contest was waged between them, which, had not the democrats been in a very small minority, might have led to the defeat of the emancipation ticket in that city.

On Tuesday, November 4, the election took place, and resulted in the choice of the following members of Congress: 1st district, F. P. Blair; 2d do., H. T. Blow; 3d do., John "W. Noell; 4th do., S. H. Boyd; 5th do., J. W. McClurg; 6th do., Austin A. King; 7th do., Benjamin Loan; 8th do., "W. A. Hall; 9th do., James S. Rollins. Of these Blair, Blow, Noell, Boyd, McClurg, and Loan were avowed emancipationists, King and Hall democrats, and Rollins a Union man. In St. Louis, the contest between Blair and Knox, the radical emancipation candidate, was very close, the official return showing a vote of 4,748 for Blair to 4,590 for Knox, and 2,586 for Bogy, democrat. The emancipationists were equally successful in securing a majority in both branches of the Legislature, that in the lower house being large. On December 29, the new Legislature met at Jefferson City, and the House of Representatives was immediately organized by the election of the emancipation candidate for Speaker, by a vote of 67 to 42. On the succeeding day Governor Gamble submitted his annual message.

After congratulating the Legislature and the State upon the fact that a Union General Assembly had at length been convened, he reviewed the condition of the State since the outbreak of secession, and showed that the number of volunteers from Missouri, after allowing for the casualties of war, and mustering out irregularly enlisted troops, was 27,500, which, with 10,500 State militia, gave a total force of 38,000 men in service for the war. The enrolled militia, numbering 52,000, would give the State the grand total of 90,000, the latter force furnishing a large body of men, armed and equipped for any emergency.

The indebtedness of the State, according to report of the auditor, was stated at $27,370,090, composed of the following items:

Miscellaneous debt $602,000

Pacific Railroad bonds (main) 7,000,000

Pacific Railroad, Southwest branch 450,000 Hannibal and St. Joseph 8,000,000

North Missouri 8,850,000

Iron Mountain 8,600,000

Cairo and Fulton 650,000

Platte county 700,000

Revenue bonds 481,000;

State defence warrants 725,000

Arrears of interest due 1,812,090 (27,870,090

In view of the constantly increasing arrearages of interest upon this sum, owing to the impossibility of collecting the State taxes during the continuance of the civil war, he earnestly recommended the adoption of measures to restore the State credit and reduce the State debt.

On the subject of emancipation he observed that he had long been convinced that the material interests of Missouri would be advanced by substituting free for slave labor, and recommended a plan by which the children of slaves born after the passage of the act shall be free, but remain under the control of their owners until they have arrived at a certain age, the owners to be compensated for the diminished value of slave mothers after being thus rendered incapable of bearing slave children. He, however, denied that the Legislature could constitutionally adopt a scheme by which the owners of slaves could be divided into classes, and the slaves of one class be emancipated without compensation while compensation was provided for the other class.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the New England States, during the ten years preceding 1860, increased in population 8,097. The population of the State at the end of that period was 326,073. For the further statistics of New Hampshire furnished by the details of the last census, so far as they are accessible, the reader is referred to the article entitled United States. The officers of the State are elected annually at an election held on the second Tuesday in March. At the election in 1862, the candidates for governor were Nathaniel S. Berry, then governor, George Stark, and Paul J. Wheeler. The first was nominated by the republican party, the second by the democratic party, and the third by a convention representing citizens who were opposed to continuing the party lines by which the people had been divided. The Republican Convention had assembled at Concord on January 1st, 1862, and made the above mentioned nomination, and adopted a series of resolutions ignoring past political topics, and avowing the unreserved purpose of supporting the Government, and urging the vigorous prosecution Page 642 of the war. The Democratic Convention assembled at the same place, on the 8th of January, and nominated the above mentioned candidate, and adopted a series of resolutions expressing a firm and uncompromising spirit in favor of sustaining the Union and the Constitution, and opposed to all departure from, or violation of the latter. The Independent Convention assembled at Concord, on the 6th of February, and nominated their candidate, and adopted resolutions declaring that the maintenance of political organizations at that time was out of place, and that every patriotic citizen should rally to the support ot the Government.

The votes of the citizens were cast as follows: Berry, 32,100; Stark, 28,566; Wheeler, 1,709.

The majority for Lincoln over Douglas for the Presidency in 1860 was 11,638.

The vote for governor in 1861 was as follows: Berry, 35,487; Stark, 31,452; Bartlett, 181.

The votes for members of the Legislature produced the following results:

Senate. House. Republicans 9 203 Democrats 3 120

This Legislature, at an extra session near the close of the year, adopted the following resolutions as expressive of the views of the majority on public affairs:

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representornee of the State of New Hampshire in General Court convened:

That the contest now existing between the Government and the disloyal people that have commenced an unjustifiable and treasonable war upon its constitutional authority, should be regarded by all loyal men not as a sectional war, not an anti-slavery war, nor a war of conquest and subjugation, but simply and solely a war for the maintenance of the Government, the suppression of rebellion, and the preservation of the magna charta of our liberty and national unity.

Resolved, That the State of New Hampshire pledges her resources for the integrity of the Union, for the support of the Constitution, and for the enforcement of the laws of the General Government.

Resolved, That the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that no State has the right to secede therefrom and dissolve the Union which that Constitution was made to secure.

Resolved, That the duty of the General Government to suppress all attempts to dissolve the Union in imperative, and cannot be evaded.

Resolved, That neither the President nor Congress can constitutionally entertain any proposition which has for its object the dismemberment of the Government or the dissolution of the Union.

Resolved, That, in the language of Andrew Jackson, "The Federal Union must be preserved."

The troops which have entered the United States' service from New Hampshire amount to 18,261. Of these, one regiment volunteered under the first call for troops in April, 1861; seven regiments of infantry, one battery, three companies of sharpshooters, four companies of cavalry, and several small detachments volunteered under the call made in July, 1861. Under the call in July, 1862, for three years, six regiments of infantry volunteered, and under the call for nine months, three regiments entered the service.

The receipts into the State Treasury for the year ending June 1, 1862, with the balance of the former year on hand, were $190,649. The expenditures for civil purposes, during the same period, were $172,685. The expenditure of the State for war purposes, up to the same period, was $953,649.

The length of railroads within the limits of the State is about 656 miles, and the cost of construction over $23,268,659.

The institutions for education in the State consist of Dartmouth College, with which is connected a medical and a scientific school. There are also three theological institutions in the State; one at Gilmanton (Congregational), one at New Hampton (Free Will Baptist), and one at Concord (Methodist Episcopal). There aro in the State 2,352 common-school districts, and the number of children attending school, 44,787. The amount raised by tax for the support of schools during the year was $239,014. From other sources sufficient was contributed to make the total amount $274,623. The number of incorporated academies in the State is seventv-three.

NEW JERSEY. The population of the State of New Jersey, according to the national census of 1860, was, distinguishing the leading cities, as follows: Cities. Populaliuu. Increase. iaso. 1160. Burlington 4.530 6.S56 8S.S94 11,344 5,193 29.226 71.914 19,.')S3 657 22.370 83,020 8,254 14.48 82U.2S 84.S9 72.53 Jersey City... Patcrson Total 61.G20 427,935 125.921 64,301 92.S43 102.70 S1.50

Rest of State.. Total 620,778 4S9.5S5 646.699 157,144; 87.27

The number of dwellings in this State was 108,144, or 1.09 to each family of 5.7 persons. The number of males 322,732, of females 323,906. There wore 25,318 freo blacks, and 18 slaves.

The further returns of the census of 1800 will be found under United States.

The political character of the State Government was changed during the year 1862. A considerable sensation was produced by the arbitrary arrest of James R. Wall and his incarceration in a Government prison out of the State. The people, while refraining from every form of open opposition to the Government, expressed their strong disapprobation of this action by the subsequent election of Mr. Wall to fill a vacancy in the United States Sonata. The State election is held on the 1st Tuesday of November. The election in 1862 was for State officers, members of Congress, one third of the Senate, and all of the House in the State Legislature. The voters of the State were divided into two parties, the democrats and the republicans.

The republican, or, as it was called, the Page 643 "people's convention," assembled at Trenton in the month of July, and nominated Marcus L. Ward for governor, and adopted the following resolutions, as expressive of the views of the convention on national affairs:

Whereas, this convention has assembled to nominate to the people of New Jersey a candidate for the office of governor, to be chosen by their suffrages at the ensuing election; and whereas, the delegates now met for this purpose, at a crisis in our history grave and momentous beyond all example, have been appointed to this duty upon a public and general call to all the citizens of the State who, forgetful of past party distinctions and divided opinions, are united in the sincere, unqualified purpose to support to their utmost ability the National Government in its policy, and its efforts to crush the rebellion, to maintain the Constitution, to preserve the American Union, and to restore order and peace to the land; therefore,

Resolved, That discarding all personal, partisan views, looking solely to the welfare and duty of the State, whether separately by itself, or as vitally and inseparably a part of the Union, we believe we shall best and most surely secure and fulfil them by aiming to continue in the highest executive office of our State the same principles, policy, and conduct that have marked with admirable distinction the executive term now drawing to its close; that in reviewing the vigilance, the fidelity, and the wisdom with which its duties have been discharged—the ready and vigorous responses to the requisitions of the country and the war, and the confidence inspired by its general course among ourselves and abroad, we find with grateful satisfaction the character and qualities peculiarly fitted for the exigencies of the place and the times.

Resolved, That the foremost and paramount duty of the General Government, of the States, and of the people, is to devote their utmost energies, their resources, and their lives, the most effectually and forever to subdue the rebellion now raised against the Government, the liberties, and the life of the nation; that everything in the origin and the progress of this rebellion—the vindictive pride and disappointed ambition that engendered it—the false and insidious political teachings that quickened it into birth—the delusive pretexts and cunning acts that stimulated its growth, and the lawless passions that, reckless of reason, justice, and of oaths, forced its first violent outburst upon the deluded and misguided millions now drawn under its power, all stamp it the most causeless, wicked, and infamous ever known among men.

Resolved, That the disruption, the dismemberment, or the new formation of this nation, are not subjects submitted to the discretion or choice of our people; that the causes arid powers conspicuously seen through more than two hundred years, in every period of our being, determining our destiny, shaping and guiding and compacting our growth, are before and superior to such discretion or choice, and exact by inevitable law the concurrence and cooperation of both; that the influences, the agencies, and the conditions, varied and marvellous as they were, by which, in all the eras of our history, colonial, revolutionary, and constitutional, the hand of a beneficent Divinity formed and developed our national proportions and life, assure us by infallible proofs that they must be nurtured and preserved as they were bestowed, and that all efforts to divide or refashion them—alike impious and vain— must end in anarchy and remediless national decay.

Resolved, That as citizens of New Jersey we are bound to the maintenance of the Constitution and the Union by obligations of duty, of interest, of affection, and of honor, as sacred, as indissoluble at the least as can belong to any other of the sisterhood of States. Proved and experienced by us as the sources and security of all earthly good—consecrated by the sacrifices, the sufferings, and the heroisms of the past, we are bound to spare nothing upon earth to transmit them unimpaired to our children and generations to come.

Resolved, That the principles adopted and the objects pursued by the President and his Administration in the conduct of the war, and in the general management of ou» national affairs, command our entire and cordial approval; that in the confidence, unabated and increasing, reposed without distinction of party by the loyal millions of our countrymen, in the fidelity, wisdom, firmness, and patriotism displayed in their policy and course, we find the strongest grounds of encouragement, and the most auspicious omens of the future; and that, standing as they now do on the eve of the great and final events which must result in the overthrow of rebellion, or in the utter ruin of the country, and clothed as they now are with all the powers that can be conferred by legislation, and all the instruments of war that can be furnished by the people, it is the imperative duty of the Administration to exercise nil those powers, and to wield all those instruments with the most unflinching and uniform vigor, until the end shall be attained, in the absolute and universal supremacy of the Government; that their prompt and fearless discharge of that duty is demanded alike by the popular instinct of self-preservation, and by the simplest obligations of their official position; and being fully assured that they cannot in this direction outrun public sentiment, we demand that they shall keep pace with it.

Resolved, That with rebellion existing in our land, foreign governments have nothing to do—and that against all intervention by them we will wage a war as persistent and uncompromising as against the rebellion itself.

Resolved, That our lasting gratitude is due to the generals, the officers, and soldiers of our armies from our own and sister States, by whose bravery and skill so many victories have been won.

The democratic convention assembled nt Trenton in September, and nominated Joel Parker for governor, and adopted the following resolutions as expressing the views of the convention:

Whereas, the democracy of New Jersey have again assembled in convention, to exercise the right of freemen to nominate a candidate for the highest office in the gift of the people; and whereas, we hold that popular conventions alone may rightfully proclaim the tenets of the party; therefore, Resolved, That deploring the demoralizing tendency of the higher law teachings of the republican party, we feel impelled to reiterate our faith in the doctrine that constitutional law is the only true basis of executive action in peace or war.

2. That in the present exigencies of the country we extend to the National Administration our most cordial support for the suppression of the rebellion by all constitutional means, and that the party stands, as it has ever stood since the formation of the Government, for the Union, the Constitution, and enforcement of the laws.

3. That as in establishing the Constitution the people reserve to themselves all powers not delegated to the Government, therefore all assumptions of power by the Administration, whether in the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, arrests and imprisonments without due course of law, or restrictions of freedom of speech and of the press, are dangerous infringements of the constitutional rights of the people, only to be patiently borne by the hopeless serfs of an irresistible despotism.

4. That, while we enter our solemn protest against the reckless extravagance, infamous peculation, and political outrages of which the party in power is guilty, and while we deprecate the horrors of the civil conflict now raging, we still hold it our duty to advocate the use of every constitutional means to the extent of the full power bf the Government, for the suppression of the rebellion, the vindication of the authority of the "Constitution as it is, and the restoration of the Union as it was."

Page 644

5. That we do entirely reject and abhor the idea, that, as an object of the present civil war, any purpose of emancipation of the slaves shall be thereby promoted or at all regarded; and that the language recently used in the Washington "Republican," "that the farce of restoring the union of the States is about played out," is utterly infamous, and deserving, as it will receive, the most solemn and severe condemnation of all true patriots.

6. That we applaud our brave volunteers, who by their gallant deeds have emulated the heroism of the old "Jersey Blues," and that we extend our heartfelt sympathy to those who are bereaved by the calamities of the war.

7. That to the candidate this day nominated we pledge our entire support, believing that the political triumph of the Constitutional Democracy in the coming elections, will have a powerful effect in terminating the rebellion, and reestablishing peace, prosperity, and happiness throughout the laud.

The votes of the electors were cast as follows: Democrat.                    Republican.

For Governor 61,807         9,491

 The majority of the democratic candidate was 14,597. The votes for members of Congress were cast as follows: rte-noeraL Republican. lilt district 8.9151 9,491 Sd" 12,183 10,*H 84" 15,703 9,09.3 4th" 12.791 10.024 5th" 10,779 7,623 The Legislature was divided as follows:

Senate. House. Democrats 13 45 Republicans 8 15

The Senate consists of 21 members, and the House of 60. The Legislature meets annually at Trenton on the second Tuesday in January.

The measures of the Legislature were almost entirely of a local nature. A bill was under consideration to forbid the immigration of negroes into the State, but it failed to become a law, although there are more free colored people in the State in proportion to the population than in any other non-slaveholding State.

Under the call for troops in 1861 the State of New Jersey was among the foremost to respond with her full quotas. She sent forward 15 regiments, and two batteries, numbering 14,870 men. These regiments lost heavily, and the events toward the close of that year caused the regiments to fall into a somewhat demoralized condition; and on the 29th of January an order was issued from the War Department, placing these regiments under the State authorities. Prompt measures were adopted to reorganize the troops under State officers, and an efficient condition was soon reached. The 1st cavalry was placed under Colonel Percy Wyndham, and became very effective. On the 7th of July, under the call of the President, for 300,000 three years' men, five regiments were required from New Jersey. There was but ono regiment in camp, and recruiting was dull. It was determined to establish five camps in the State under different officers, as follows:

No. 1.—Trenton Brigadier-Gen. N. N. Hoisted.

No. 2.—Beverly "" G. M. Robeson.

No. 3.—Freehold "" Chas. Knight,

No. 4.—Newark ** 'Com. Van Vorst

No. 5.—Flemington....  "A. E Donaldson.

An order was issued providing for the payment of $2 premium for each recruit, one month's pay and $25 dollars in advance of the $100 provided for by Congress for three years' service. There was also the bounty paid of $6 by the State to each family monthly, and from $2 to $4 to single men. A second lieutenant was appointed for each company to act as mustering officer. Each recruit as he appeared in camp received his money, was uniformed and put to drill. By this means the five regiments were filled in a month.

Mustered in. Strength. Left the State. Colonels. llth.. 12th.. 18th.. 14th.. 10th.. August 13. September 4. August 45. August 20. August 25. 907 979 8S0 904 914 August 25. August 28. September 1. September 6. September 0. R. McAllister. R. C. Johnson. F.. A. Carman. W. S. Trues:. Samuel Fowler. 4.644

Each regiment had 39 officers; there were consequently 4,248 enlisted men. Some of these regiments went immediately into action. The 13th left the State on the 1st, and on the 17th. at Antietam, lost 109 killed, wounded, and missing.

Under the President's call, August 4th, for 300,000 nine months' men, an enrollment took place of all citizens from 18 to 45 years of age. The quota of New Jersey under this call was 10,478 men. On the 14th of August an order from the War Department directed a draft to be made on the 3d of September. The commissioners, surgeons, and enrolling officers in each county were appointed, and the local quotas ready for publication, when an order was issued that counties should h:tvo credit for the volunteers before furnished. This order led to great complications. The quotas wore finally ascertained by adding to the whole number of volunteers furnished by the State tlio number of men required by the new call. From the number thus resulting to each township was taken the number already furnished. It was then ordered that volunteers in lieu of drafted men would be taken up to September 1st. The recruits then flocked into the camps, and on September 2nd the five camps contained 10,SOO men, which by medical examination was. reduced to 10,714, or 236 more than the number called for. The 10,714 men were organized into 11 regiments as follows, including officers:

21«,t. 22(1. 5ii!! 21th. 25th. 2«th. 27th. 2Sth. 29th. 80th. Slat. September 15. '• 22. "18. "16. » 29. "IS. "19. "15. "20. "17. "17. Strength. | Left the State, j Colon September O.-t. Sept 1 >.:. 'J I. 29. 2(i. 29. H». ->'•. I". :io. 26. G. Van Ilotiten. Com. Fornet. J. S. Cox. W. II. lioberlson. A. Derrom. A. J. Morrison. Geo. W. Mindil. M. N. Wisewoll. E. F. Applrzatc. A. E. Donaldson, A. P. liorLhona.

The field and line officers were elected under the constitutional State militia law. All theso regiments were in the army of the Potomac, Page 645 and four were engaged in the battle of the Rappahannock, December 13th. Under all the requisitions the State furnished the following troops:

Requisitions. Minimum. Maximum. Furnished.

1st—4 regiments militia 8,128 8,123 8,138 6.230 5,230 10,478 8,105 8,120 7,601 4.644 10.714 1,080

2nd—3 regiments volunteers.

3d—5 regiments volunteers.

4th—5 regiments volunteers

2,598 4,330 4,830 10,478 24,859 27,199 80,214

8 months' men disbanded    3,1 05

Died, &c., in 1861   889

Died, &c, in 1862   8,67S—7,172

In service January, 1868   23,042

A call for 3,000 men, to fill up the old regiments, was not filled, only 1,030 men having been raised for that purpose, although the State furnished more than that amount over all the quotas. The men have a great repugnance to old regiments.

The number enlisted in regiments of other States, it is estimated, carries the total to 35,000.

Of the number in service, 10,373 left families or dependent mothers. The State bounty to thein, at $6, amounts to $746,856 per annum. Of single men 12,669 draw an average of $2 ½  per mouth, making $380,070. The annual charge to the State is therefore $1,120,920.

The number of men now liable to military duty is 71,697 in the State.

The State debt at the beginning of the year was about $770,000, of which $100,000 is payable annually. Excepting $95,000 it was all contracted for war purposes. A tax to defray State expenses had been unknown for some years previous to the commencement of the war. The taxes for local purposes in 1860 amounted to $1,319,299.

There are three colleges in the State, and two theological seminaries. The State appropriation for public schools exceeds $600,000, in addition to which there is in many cities and towns a local tax of two mills or less on the dollar. The number of school districts 1,563. There is also a State normal school for the education of teachers.

The miles of railroad in the State are 500, and the cost of construction $28,997,033.


Source: The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year, 1861-1865, vols. 1-5. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868.