Union Regiments by State

Pennsylvania

Source: The Union Army, Vol. I. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.

Military Affairs in Pennsylvania
1861—65

At the outbreak of the Civil war the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ranked second among the thirty-three states in population, and was surpassed by none in material resources. The 3,000,000 of people within her borders were sedulously devoted to the arts of peace, and were animated by no sentiments of hostility towards the people of other sections. A great, contented and prosperous commonwealth had developed under the protection of the government as instituted by the fathers, and her people were slow to believe that the angry mutterings of the Southern States would eventuate in armed rebellion. That her peace loving people were quite unprepared when hostilities suddenly commenced will be forcibly brought out later in this sketch. Nevertheless, when the flag of the nation was actually assailed, no state gave a readier and more hearty response to the sudden call to arms. Divided from the slave holding states only by an imaginary line, her territory was readily accessible and invited armed invasion. Her populous cities, her rich farms, and her great industrial establishments held out a tempting prize to her enemies in the South, and three times during the great conflict was her soil invaded by hostile armies.

Perhaps none of the loyal states had incurred such bitter enmity on the part of the South as Pennsylvania. She was repeatedly charged with conniving at the escape of fugitive slaves. She had long before abolished slavery within her own borders, and during the years which had elapsed since the formation of the Union a strong anti-slavery sentiment had grown up among her citizens, which made it hard to enforce the harsh provisions of the fugitive slave laws. Her peculiar geographical position rendered it easy to "railroad" slaves across the state, and the historic "underground railroad" led from the slave States through her territory and that of New York to Gerrit Smith's well known colony, and thence across the Canadian border. Private persons, interested in the work of freeing the slaves from bondage and in evading the provisions of the fugitive slave laws, gave temporary shelter and sustenance to the blacks and then quietly sent them on north. It is doubtless true that many thousands of escaping slaves found protection within the borders of the state, but there is no evidence that the state, or any of its officials, did aught to defy the provision of the Federal constitution or the fugitive law enactments of Congress. Indeed, Governor Packer, a radical Democrat and a strong opponent of the extreme abolition sentiment, in his retiring message to the legislature, January 2, 1861, warmly denied the imputation that in the enforcement of these laws the state had been lax or wanting. And when the attempt was made to arraign the state and her people at the bar of public opinion for her so-called offenses, he declared: "Every attempt upon the part of individuals or of organized societies, to lead the people away from their government, to induce them to violate any of the provisions of the constitution, or to incite insurrections in any of the states of this Union, ought to be prohibited by law as crimes of a treasonable nature. It is of the first importance to the perpetuity of this great Union that the hearts of the people and the action of their constituted authorities should be in unison in giving a faithful support to the constitution of the United States. The people of Pennsylvania are devoted to the Union. They will follow its stars and stripes through every peril. But, before assuming the high responsibilities now dimly foreshadowed, it is their solemn duty to remove every just cause of complaint against themselves, so that they may stand before High Heaven and the civilized world, without fear and without reproach, ready to devote their lives and their fortunes to the support of the best form of government that has ever been devised by the wisdom of man." It was Governor Packer's suggestion that the differences between the North and the South be harmonized by constitutional amendment, or in a convention of the people called for that purpose. His retirement from office at this time, however, gave the stage to Andrew Gregg Curtin, Pennsylvania's great "War Governor," who was inaugurated on January 15, 1861. He had been elected in October, 1860, by a combination of the various elements which then made up the Republican party, receiving a majority of 32,000 votes. This Republican victory was followed in November by the election of Abraham Lincoln, who received in the state 90,000 more votes than John C. Breckenridge, and 60,000 more votes than all the opposition candidates. The campaign, both state and national, had been feverish and excited, and the issues momentous. The decisive nature of the vote was felt to be most unusual in a state as conservative and consistently Democratic as Pennsylvania and placed the state squarely in line with the policies of the new Federal administration. Moreover, Governor Curtin was the personal friend and adviser of Mr. Lincoln, and proved to be the right man in the right place during the troublous period which followed. Throughout the long struggle, the relations between the state's chief executive and the president were entirely cordial, and their views and actions on the many grave questions confronting the nation were quite harmonious. When Senator Cameron was appointed secretary of war, the cordial relationship of the two men was accentuated and the state was in a position to know and even anticipate the demands of the National Government.

When Governor Curtin was inaugurated, he was in his forty-sixth year, having been born at Bellefonte, Penn., April 23, 1815. He was a man of liberal education, a leader at the bar, and an effective public speaker. Of strong Whig antecedents, he had already demonstrated his fine executive talents in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth, during the administration of Governor Pollock. His duties at that time embraced those of superintendent of common schools, and it was due to his efforts that the splendid common school system of the state, then in its formative period, was placed on a strong and enduring basis. His was indeed a strong and vigorous personality, and the state was most fortunate at this critical period in having at the helm a statesman of lofty genius, inspired by motives of the purest patriotism.

The impending struggle was at hand when Governor Curtin assumed the reins of government. The state had a total population of 2,906,215, according to the census of 1860. The treasury department reported a total state indebtedness in 1860 of $37,969,847.50. This large sum was not regarded with alarm by the state's officials, as the revenues were large and the resources of the state were almost boundless, and Governor Curtin congratulated the legislature in his inaugural address upon the prosperity which prevailed everywhere in the state. Only the shadows of the approaching conflict darkened the bright outlook.

Immediately after the popular will had been expressed in such unmistakable terms in the elections of 1860 a wave of reaction swept over the state and the people seemed to be alarmed at the strong stand they had taken. The ordinance of secession was passed by South Carolina, only a few weeks after the presidential election and its action was soon followed by other Southern States. A strong disposition was now shown by the national government, which was reflected in Pennsylvania, and the other Northern States to apply the balm of compromise to the wounded feelings of the defeated South. Resolutions introduced into the Pennsylvania legislature declared it the duty of the state to give every possible aid in the restoration to their owners of fugitive slaves. A great mass meeting was held in Independence Square, Philadelphia, December 13, 1860, and the immense concourse of people seemed willing to go to almost any length in satisfying the demands of the South. It was even declared in the resolutions passed that "all denunciations of slavery as existing in the United States * * * are inconsistent with the spirit of brotherhood and kindness." This meeting in the Quaker City represented the extreme reactionary sentiment of the hour. It was the action of a peace-loving community averse to the very idea of war, and not yet aroused by any overt act of rebellion. Said Governor Packer in his retiring message, "Let moderate counsels prevail; let a spirit of harmony and good will, and a nucional and fraternal sentiment be cultivated among the people, everywhere—North and South—and the disturbing elements which temporarily threaten the Union, will now, as they have always heretofore, assuredly pass away. Pennsylvania, in the past, has performed her part with unfaltering firmness. Let her now and in the future be ever ready to discharge her confederate duties with unflinching integrity." Said Governor Curtin in his first address to the legislature: "In the present unhappy condition of the country, it will be our duty to unite with the people of the states which remain loyal to the Union, in any just and honorable measures of conciliation and fraternal kindness. Let us invite them to join us in the fulfillment of all our obligations under the Federal constitution and laws. Then we can cordially unite with them in claiming like obedience from those states which have renounced their allegiance. If the loyal states are just and moderate, without any sacrifice of right or self respect, the threatened danger may be averted." Such was the prevailing feeling of compromise, not only in Pennsylvania, but also in the other Northern States. Had the South heeded this burst of fraternal feeling and couched its demands in reasonable terms, the war would have been averted and its "peculiar institution" saved for many years to come. While Governor Curtin, in common with many other enlightened men, was thus willing to extend the hand of good fellowship to the South, his first message, nevertheless, breathed a spirit of deep devotion to the Union and was imbued with the loftiest patriotism. He pledged himself to stand between the constitution and all encroachments instigated by hatred, ambition, fanaticism or folly. He declared that the last election had been used as a pretext for disturbing the peace of the country, and that it was sought to wrest from the Federal government its proper constitutional functions. There had been nothing in the life or acts of Mr. Lincoln to warrant the excitement caused by his election, and that part of the people who were precipitating themselves into a revolution were blinded in judgment. He advocated the repeal of the personal liberty bill, if it contravened any Federal law, and said: "It is the first duty of the Federal government to stay the progress of anarchy and enforce the laws, and Pennsylvania will give it a united, honest and faithful support. The people mean to preserve the Union at every hazard." Referring to the particular concern felt by Pennsylvania in the questions of the hour, both by reason of her location and because of the dominant position she occupied in the sisterhood of states in population and material resources, he said: "Occupying a geographical position between the North and the South, the East and the West, with the great avenues of travel and trade passing through her borders, carrying on an extensive commerce with her neighbors, in the vast and varied productions of her soil, her mines and her manufacturing industry, and bound to them by ties of kindred and social intercourse, the question of disunion involves momentous consequences to her people. The second of the thirty-three states in population, and the first in material resources, it is due both to ourselves and to the other states, that the position and sentiments of Pennsylvania on the question should be distinctly understood."

In all he said and did during the early part of his administration, he spoke for the people of the state as a whole, and throughout the period of the war he worked in complete harmony with the legislative branch of the government. The legislature never called in question his motives, and recognizing that he was in close touch with the national government, gave prompt support to all his suggestions pertaining to national affairs.

On January 17, 1861, the house of representatives passed a series of resolutions commending the course of Major Anderson, and Governor Hicks of Maryland, and pledging to that state the fellowship and support of Pennsylvania.

Two days later the legislature of Virginia passed resolutions calling upon the several states to appoint commissioners to meet in Washington on February 4, in the effort to adjust "the present unhappy controversies in the spirit in which the constitution was originally formed and consistently with its principles, so as to afford to the people of the slaveholding states adequate guarantees for the security of their rights." The resolutions further endorsed, with slight modifications, the propositions embraced in the resolutions presented to the U. S. senate by Senator Crittenden, and provided for the appointment of ex-President John Tyler as special commissioner to President Lincoln, and Judge John Robertson as a commissioner to the State of South Carolina and the other states that "have seceded or shall secede," with instructions to request the president and the authorities of such states to agree to abstain from any acts tending to bring about armed collision pending the action of the peace conference at Washington. President Buchanan hailed this movement on the part of Virginia with satisfaction, declaring that the convention, when assembled, "will constitute a body entitled, in an eminent degree, to the confidence of the country." Governor Curtin was heartily in accord with the spirit of the proposition, and appointed as the representatives of Pennsylvania, James Pollock, William M. Meredith, David Wilmot, A. W. Loomis, Thomas E. Franklin, William McKennan and Thomas White. The delegates assembled as was proposed, men eminent for wisdom and justice, but their deliberations only resulted in recommending certain amendments to the constitution, which were promptly rejected by both branches of Congress, as were all other compromises offered. The North was unwilling to yield everything for which it had contended in the last election, and the South remained unyielding in certain of its demands.

The legislature, on June 24, 1861, passed the following resolutions pertaining to the maintenance of the constitution and the Union, and the right of a State to secede: "Whereas, a convention of delegates assembled in the city of Charleston, in the State of South Carolina, did, on the 20th day of December, in the year of our Lord 1860, adopt an ordinance entitled, 'An ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of South Carolina and other states united with her under the compact entitled The Constitution of the United States of America.'

"Resolved, That if the rights of the people of South Carolina under this constitution are disregarded, their tranquillity disturbed, their prosperity retarded, or their liberties imperilled, by the people of any other state, full and adequate redress can, and ought to be, provided for such grievances through the action of Congress, and other proper departments of the national government.

"That the people of Pennsylvania entertain and desire to cherish the most cordial sentiments for their brethren of other states, and are ready now, as they have ever been, to cooperate in all measures needful for their welfare, security and happiness, under the constitution which makes us one people. That while they cannot surrender their love of liberty inherited from the founders of their state, sealed with the blood of the Revolution and witnessed in the history of their legislation; and while they claim the observance of all their rights under the constitution, they nevertheless maintain now, as they have ever done, the constitutional rights of the people of the slaveholding states to the uninterrupted enjoyment of their own domestic institutions.

"That we adopt the sentiment and language of President Andrew Jackson, expressed in his message to Congress, on the r6th day of January, 1833: 'That the right of a people of a single state to absolve themselves at will, and without the consent of the other states, from their most solemn obligations and hazard the liberties and happiness of the millions composing this Union cannot be acknowledged; and that such authority is utterly repugnant both to the principles upon which the general government is constituted, and the objects which it was expressly formed to attain.'

"That the constitution of the United States of America contains all the powers necessary to the maintenance of its authority, and it is the solemn and most imperative duty of the government to adopt and carry into effect whatever measures may be necessary to that end; and the faith and the power of Pennsylvania are hereby pledged to the support of such measures, in any manner and to any extent that may be required of her by the constituted authorities of the United States.

"That all plots, conspiracies and warlike demonstrations against the United States, in any section of the country, are treasonable in their character; and whatever power of the government is necessary to their suppression should be applied to that purpose without hesitation or delay."

The above resolutions voiced the sentiments of the people in no uncertain way. Regardless of previous party affiliations, all were at this time united in support of the Union, the laws and the constitution. The South had many sympathizing friends in the state who were now shocked at the action of the Southern States in seizing Federal property and boldly proclaiming their right to secede. The progress of events was closely watched, and the sentiments conveyed in the above resolutions were frequently proclaimed. While it was now believed that war was almost inevitable, few practical steps were being taken looking to that event, as it was hoped that some means might yet be found to avoid an actual resort to arms.

Reference has already been made to the fact that Pennsylvania was in a condition of almost complete military unpreparedness at the outbreak of the Civil war. Military feeling in the state had been at low ebb since the first quarter of the 19th century. Many of the citizens had come to regard the state's militia laws, as generally enforced and observed, as tending to subvert true military science and discipline, rather than to promote the same. The military displays of the state were regarded by many as little better than a burlesque—its army a mere caricature—serving as a school for vice to the youth of the state who entered its ranks. Able officers, sincerely desirous of improving the character of the citizen soldiery, received scant courtesy at the hands of successive legislatures. Public indifference prevailed. There was some attempt to improve the militia system in 1858, under the spur of threats to dissolve the Union in certain contingencies, after the narrow defeat of the Republican candidate, John C. Fremont, in 1856. The legislature adopted a revised code, drawn up with much detail, and a real effort was then made to organize new companies as provided by law. Encampments were ordered and held at different points in the state, but that little good resulted is evidenced by the fact that at the close of that year, according to the report of the adjutant-general, the volunteer militia numbered only 13,000, out of 350,000 subject to military duty. Encampments were not ordered in 1859, and little increase in numbers was shown. The same report shows that while there had been issued to Pennsylvania by the Ordnance Department at Washington, from 1812 to 1857, "45,901 muskets, 10,202 rifles, 12,602 pistols, 9,767 swords, 27,271 infantry accouterments, 1,829 cavalry accouterments, 77 bronze 6-pound cannon, harness and carriages, 45 iron sixes, harness and carriages, 6 iron 12pounders, harness and carriages, 4 iron howitzers, 14 caissons, two 6-pounders, two 12-pounders and two 24-pounders, with harness and carriages for each," there only remained in the hands of the militia, 8,477 muskets and 32 pieces, and in arsenal, 519 muskets and 15 brass cannon. Said Adjt.-General Edwin C. Wilson: "It is a useless inquiry to ask now what has become of so large an amount of arms and accouterments. I am aware that many have been sold, but the bulk remains unaccounted for and no books nor papers remain in this office to tell of their existence." It is, moreover, matter of common knowledge that in the last year of Sec. Floyd's administration, there took place an extraordinary movement of arms from Northern to Southern arsenals.

After the inauguration of President Lincoln, it became increasingly evident that war could not be averted. On April 9, the governor sent a special message to the legislature, recommending that steps be at once taken to remedy the defects of the military system of the state, and suggesting the establishment of a military bureau.

Only the spirit of the occasion, a natural desire to flatter state pride, and the ability to look beneath the clothes to the man within, could have prompted the "Great Emancipator" to say at Harrisburg on February 23, 1861, in the presence of a great concourse of people, including the military from all parts of the state assembled to do him honor: "While I have been proud to see today the finest military array I think that I have ever seen, etc." Arms, equipment, organization and discipline were lacking in the state's militia system, though the state was rich in men and resources. The adjutant-general's report for 1860 showed 355,000 men subject to military service, of whom only 19,000 were members of organized companies. There were 476 companies with an average enrollment of about 40 men. Such arms and equipment as the state owned were in the hands of the companies, and comprised 12,080 muskets, 4,706 rifles, 2,809 cavalry swords and sabers, 3,149 pistols, 69 pieces of ordnance and 579 tents. About 2,500 muskets and half as many rifles were of modern pattern, and these, together with the ordnance, constituted the only really serviceable equipment. Of the organized militia, fully three-fourths were without effective small arms and entered the service of the United States in the spring of 1861 with arms of obsolete type, which were practically worthless.

This wretched condition of the state's militia system and the critical condition of the nation's affairs in April impelled the governor to say in the special message to the legislature above referred to: "The militia system of the state, during a long period distinguished by the pursuits of peaceful industry exclusively, has become wholly inefficient, and the interference of the legislature is required to remove its defects and to render it available to the public service. * * * The most exalted public policy and the clearest obligations of true patriotism admonish us in the existing deplorable and dangerous crisis of affairs, that our militia system should receive from the legislature that prompt attention which public exigencies, either of the state or of the nation, may appear to demand, and which may seem in your wisdom best adapted to preserve and secure to the people of Pennsylvania and the Union the blessings of peace and the integrity of our unrivalled constitutional government." He suggested that a military bureau be established at Harrisburg, and that suitable arms be distributed to all volunteer militiamen.

A bill embodying these recommendations of the governor was at once reported in the legislature, passed both houses without amendment and became a law on April 12, 1861. The legislature also appropriated $500,000 in order to properly arm and equip the militia.

Prompt and patriotic as was this response of the legislature to the suggestions of the governor, there was no time to carry its provisions into effect before the thunder of Confederate guns trained on Fort Sumter proclaimed the opening of the rebellion April 12, 1861.

On the 13th, a bill which denned and punished treason was introduced and promptly passed the legislature. It forbade any citizen of the state to take any military commission from the enemies of the United States; to enter into any plot, conspiracy or traitorous correspondence; to furnish arms, under a heavy penalty; anyone convicted of selling vessels to the enemy or fitting out privateers should be punished by five years' imprisonment and a fine of $5,000; and in addition, every officer in the state's militia service was required to subscribe within 30 days to an oath of allegiance to the United States, or be deprived of his commission. After the passage of this bill the legislature adjourned.

When the news of the assault on Fort Sumter was received intense excitement prevailed throughout the state. All hesitation was now at an end and it was felt that the Nation had but one recourse consistent with the National honor. Men no longer talked of satisfying Southern demands and the few southern sympathizers kept well in the background. In Philadelphia, the principal city in the state, the excitement was particularly great and a riot was almost precipitated on the 15th by a mob assembled to hunt down secession sympathizers. Only the efforts of Mayor Henry and the liberal display of American flags prevented a serious breach of the peace. President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling out the militia of the several states to the number of 75,000 men, for three months, or the emergency, and assigned fourteen regiments to Pennsylvania as her share. The response of the state to this call was prompt and patriotic. Not only were the fourteen regiments raised, but many additional ones were recruited and the Government was finally induced to accept eleven more. Said Adjt.-General Russell: "Such was the patriotic ardor of the people that the services of about thirty regiments had to be refused, making in all more than one-half the requisition of the president." At 7:30 p. m. of the 18th, only three days after the call for troops, five companies of Pennsylvanians, comprising 530 men, reached Washington and were quartered in the hall of the house of representatives. These troops were the first to arrive in Washington and for twenty-four hours constituted the sole defense of the nation's capital against an attack of the enemy, momentarily expected. True, the men, with the exception of 34 members of the Logan Guards, were totally unarmed, but their numbers were exaggerated and their presence caused great rejoicing. On the evening of the 19th, the 6th Mass. infantry, fully armed and equipped, reached Washington and was quartered in the senate chamber of the capitol. The five Pennsylvania companies deserve a further word of mention. As soon as the president's call was received at Harrisburg, Governor Curtin made haste to disseminate the information throughout the state. There was an immediate tide of messages coming in from officers of companies tendering the services of their commands. By reason of their advanced state of organization and discipline, the first companies to respond were the Ringgold light artillery, of Reading, Captain James McKnight; the Logan Guards of Lewistown, Captain John B. Selheimer; the Washington artillery, Captain James Wren, and the National light infantry, Captain Edmund McDonald, both of Pottsville; and the Allen Rifles, of Allentown, Captain James Yeager. The Ringgold artillery arrived in Harrisburg at 8 p. m., on the 16th, 152 strong, and reported to Colonel Slifer, secretary of state, in the absence of Governor Curtin in Washington. On the morning of the 17th the other four companies arrived and on the morning of the 18th the five companies were joined by Co. H, 4th artillery, U. S. regulars, which had come in from the West under command of Lieut. Pemberton, later General Pemberton of the Confederate army, with orders to garrison Fort McHenry, Baltimore. The six companies arrived in Baltimore at 3130 on the afternoon of the 18th. By order of the secretary of war, the guns, caissons and equipments of the Ringgold light artillery, were left at Harrisburg; the regulars and a portion of the Logan Guards had their muskets, and the Ringgolds had their sabers; otherwise none of the men were equipped to resist any act of aggression. At Baltimore it was necessary for the men to march a distance of nearly 2 miles in order to reach the Washington depot, and the troops had received no intimation that they would be molested at this point. In fact, the enthusiasm with which they had been received along the route of their journey, even at the wayside stations in Maryland and in the very suburbs of Baltimore, led them to expect an equally cordial reception in the city itself. A large body of police met them on their arrival and escorted them in their march to the Washington railroad terminus. Hardly had the march begun when they were greeted by a mob, made up of all classes, whose loud cheers for Jeff. Davis and secession, and whose epithets of derision indicated trouble. The officers instructed the men to disregard the volume of abuse poured upon them, and the fine discipline and stoicism of the company of regulars served as an example to the raw Pennsylvania troops. It was indeed a trying ordeal for the men. but they finally reached the Washington depot, where they were hurried into the cattle cars awaiting them and started for Washington amid the execrations of the hooting mob.

On the day after these companies encountered their hostile reception in Baltimore, a body of troops which had been recruited early in the year at Philadelphia by General William F. Small, known as the Washington brigade, endeavored to pass through the city, but was forced to turn back. The commander had been instructed by the war department to pass through Baltimore in the night in order to avoid any hostile demonstration, but through the treachery or negligence of the railroad officials, he was delayed and did not arrive in the city until noon of the 19th. The 6th Mass. reached Baltimore just ahead of the Pennsylvania brigade over the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore railroad. The track of the road extended through the city, but for more than a mile it was necessary to move the cars by means of horses. The 6th had been warned of threatened trouble and their muskets were loaded for any emergency which might arise. The first seven companies entered the cars and were drawn to the Washington depot without being seriously molested. The remaining companies, which had been detained on the road, found a menacing crown awaiting them on their arrival, and the track torn up or obstructed. Forced to march the whole distance through the threatening mob which hemmed them in, they were repeatedly assailed by the crowd and had several members killed and a large number wounded. Ordered by their officers to fire into their assailants, they forced back the crowd of rioters, killing and wounding a number of them, and finally reached their destination. When the brigade of General Small arrived soon after this episode, he saw that he, too, must march his men through the city. As the men were totally unarmed, this was no light task. The mob had tasted blood and showed an apparent determination to wreck its vengeance on the Pennsylvanians. Nevertheless, General Small started his command over the dangerous route. As he advanced, the disposition of the crowd became uglier and he decided to return with his unarmed force to Philadelphia. During the struggle one of his men was killed and several wounded, the rioters pursuing them with stones and other missiles until their train was out of reach.

Within ten days after the president issued his first call for volunteers, more than enough men for twenty-five regiments had presented themselves. On April 18, Camp Curtin was established on the edge of Harrisburg, and it was made the principal point of rendezvous for troops from the northern, central and western counties of the state. Afterwards taken in charge by the authorities at Washington, it was made an important distributing and convalescent center for soldiers, as well as a depot for military supplies. The above regiments were numbered 1 to 25 inclusive, and comprised a total of 20,175 men. All were enlisted and served for three months, being mustered out at the end of that period, with the exception of a considerable number who reenlisted for three years. At the request of the war department all these troops were clothed, armed, equipped, subsisted and transported by the state, as the Federal government was not yet prepared to do this work.

On April 20, the governor issued a proclamation convening a special session of the legislature. His reasons for this action were that "An armed rebellion exists in a portion of the states of the Union, threatening the destruction of the national government, periling public and private property, endangering the peace and security of this commonwealth, and inviting systematic piracy. * * * Adequate provision does not exist by law to enable the executive to make the military power of the state as available and efficient as it should be for the common defense of the state and the general government." The situation was already highly critical and military operatons had commenced in earnest. On the night of the 19th succeeding the assaults on the troops in the city of Baltimore, the bridges on the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore, and those on the Northern Central railroads were burned; the telegraph wires leading north from Washington were cut and all communication with the North was severed. Until these bridges could be repaired and guarded the authorities were forced to make use of the Perryville & Annapolis route, in order to send troops to the aid of Washington. Governor Curtin had appointed on April 16, Major-Generals Robert Patterson and William H. Keim to the command of the troops called out by the proclamation of the president on the 15th. General Patterson was soon after appointed by Lieut.-General Scott to command the Department of Washington, including the States of Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, and the District of Columbia, with headquarters at Philadelphia. Patterson at once took steps to secure the Annapolis route and then proceeded to open that by way of Baltimore, using for this purpose the 17th Pennsylvania, T. W. Sherman's light battery, and five companies of the 3d regulars, all commanded by Colonel Francis E. Patterson, the general's son. Union sentiment soon reasserted itself in Baltimore; Colonel Patterson's force entered the city without opposition and the movement of troops toward the capital was not again interrupted.

The legislature convened in special session on April 30, and in his message at the opening of the session the governor said:

"The insurrection must now be met by force of arms; and to reestablish the government upon an enduring basis by asserting its entire supremacy, to repossess the forts and other government property so unlawfully seized and held, to ensure personal freedom and safety to the people and commerce of the Union, in every section, the people of the loyal states demand, as with one voice, and will contend for, as with one heart, and a quarter of a million of Pennsylvania's sons will answer the call to arms, if need be, to wrest us from a reign of anarchy and plunder and secure for themselves and their children, for ages to come, the perpetuity of this government and its beneficent institutions. * * * It is impossible to predict the lengths to which the madness that rules the hour in the rebellious states shall lead us, or when the calamities which threaten our hitherto happy country shall terminate. * * * To furnish ready support to those who have gone out and to protect our borders, we should have a well regulated military force. I, therefore, recommend the immediate organization, disciplining and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, exclusive of those called into the service of the United States. As we already have ample warning of the necessity of being prepared for any sudden exigency that may arise, I cannot too much impress this upon you." The wise and patriotic views of the executive met with a prompt response from the legislature. On May 15 it passed an act authorizing the organization of the "Reserve Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth," to embrace thirteen regiments of infantry, one of cavalry and one of artillery. This reserve corps was to be armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted and paid by the state. It was placed under the command of Major-General George A. McCall, and its proper drill and discipline were provided for by placing its members in camps of instruction at Easton, West Chester, Pittsburg and Harrisburg. To defray the expense of this and other military organizations a loan of $3,000,000 was authorized. The commander-in-chief and the members of the grand staff were entrusted with the work of recruiting the corps. The members were to be enlisted for three years unless sooner discharged; were liable to be called into the service of the state to suppress insurrection or to repel invasion; and were also subject to United States service upon the call of the president. When not in camp nor in the field, the members were to hold themselves in readiness to respond at once to any sudden call. The primary object of the bill was to give the state the services, in any emergency, of a trained, disciplined and picked body of 15,000 troops, both for the defense of its exposed southern border or to go at once to the aid of the general government if needed. Thus was organized what came to be familiarly known as the Pennsylvania reserves, an organization which later saw much hard service in the war and won for itself an imperishable name on many battlefields. Its whole record was one of bravery and efficiency and no troops added more to the military prestige of the state. Other provisions of the bill provided for the appointment of one major-general, two brigadier-generals, and a grand staff whose members were to serve for a term of three years; soldiers were not allowed to volunteer in other states and no troops were to leave the state without their arms and full equipment; a board of associate judges and county commissioners was to meet monthly and provide county relief for any destitute members of the families of soldiers who had entered the military service of the state, the commissioners being empowered to make loans for this purpose if necessary; pensions were provided for the widow and minor children of any soldier who died in the service, and provision was made for military instruction in the universities, colleges and academies of the state. The bill was both wise and humane, and illustrated the seriousness with which the people's representatives viewed the situation even at this early period. On May 16, the legislature passed the following resolution: "Whereas, the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida and Texas are in armed and treasonable rebellion against the sovereign authority and government of the United States, and have constituted, and are endeavoring to maintain, a treasonable and rebellious government, intended to subvert the constitution and laws of the United States, and to dissolve their allegiance thereto, and have seized the revenues, forts, arsenals, navy yards, and such other exclusive property of the national government as were within their power of seizure, and have coerced loyal citizens within their borders to unwilling submission to their authority, and have raised officers, equipped and assembled large armies and ships of war, with the avowed purpose to wage aggressive warfare against the constitution and lawful authorities of the Union and against the liberties of the people, and have besieged, attacked and captured a fort in the actual and peaceable possession of the United States troops, and have made the garrison prisoners of war, whilst under the protection of the national flag and the Federal laws,

Resolved, That the faith, credit and resources of the state, in both men and money, are hereby pledged to any amount and to every extent which the federal government may demand to subdue the rebellion; to punish the treason; to enforce the laws; to protect the lives, the liberties and the property of the people; and to maintain inviolate the constitution and the sovereignty of the nation."

When all communication was severed with Washington for several days in April, General Patterson, in command of the department, was left without orders for several days. Believing that the three-months' troops authorized would be unable to end the war, and that more would be needed when their term of service expired, he assumed the responsibility of directing the governor to raise an additional force of twenty-five regiments of infantry and one of cavalry. Some progress had been made in this work by the state authorities, when word was received from Washington revoking the order of General Patterson and stating "that it was more important to reduce than enlarge the number'' of troops already ordered. It is a curious fact that many of the state authorities at this time had a far clearer conception of the probable duration of the war than had the authorities at Washington. The state was prepared and anxious to furnish ten regiments for three years' service under the second call for volunteers, but the government refused to accept their services at this time, when informed by Sec. of War Cameron that the state already had twenty-five regiments in the field. Nevertheless, the state wisely went ahead with the organization of its famous reserve corps and was in a position to promptly furnish troops when subsequently called upon.

As soon as a heavy force of Union troops had been stationed so as to guard the approaches to the national capital, steps were taken to close the Shenandoah and Cumberland valleys, which were the natural routes of invasion from the South. Accordingly General Patterson was sent into the Cumberland valley, where he organized a strong force at Chambersburg, just north of Hagerstown, for the protection of the southern frontier of the state and to drive back the enemy if necessary. In Patterson's column were all of the state's three months' troops, with the exception of the 4th and 5th regiments in Washington, the 12th guarding the line of the Northern Central railroad, and the 18th, 19th and 22nd, which were in and around Baltimore. It is not the purpose of this short history to follow the movements of the various regiments in the field, or to analyze the campaign of General Patterson prior to the first battle of Bull Run. Much criticism has been leveled at Patterson because he neither held nor engaged General Johnston at Winchester, and some military writers have been wont to attribute the first serious reverse to the Union arms at Bull Run, to Patterson's alleged indecision and lack of courage.

Under the call of May 3, 1861, and before the reserve corps was mustered into the service of the United States, four independent regiments were authorized by the war department. These regiments, comprising an aggregate of 4,711 officers and men, were promptly recruited, organized and mustered into the U. S. service for three years. They were numbered 26 to 29 inclusive. After the battle of Bull Run, much consternation was felt lest the victorious foe should at once press upon Washington and in this period of alarm the president called for the reserve corps of Pennsylvania. The entire fifteen regiments, comprising 15,856 men, were in position to march at once and eagerly responded to the nation's call in this hour of peril. They were mustered into the U. S. service at this time and did not again return to the exclusive service of Pennsylvania. From this time on there was a steady demand for more troops and every encouragement was given to the raising of fresh levies. The duplicate numbering of regiments led to some confusion and was the cause of frequent errors in official documents and regimental records. The 1st regiment of the reserves was the 30th of the line; the 13th of the reserves was a rifle regiment known also as the "Bucktails," and was numbered the 42nd of the line; the 14th reserve was the artillery regiment and the 43d of the line, while the cavalry regiment, or the 15th of the reserve, became the 44th of the line. This confusion was increased when two of the first three months' regiments, the 11th and the 23d, were recruited and organized for three years' service, retaining their old designations. Thus the 11th regiment might refer to the 11th three months', the 11th three years', the 11th reserve, or even the 11th cavalry, or 11th militia. The splendid zeal and patriotism of the people of Pennsylvania is shown in the number of troops enlisted for the national service during the first eight months of the war. At the end of the year 1861, the state had a total of 87,177 men in the field, organized into sixty-six regiments of infantry (including six rifle regiments), 71,279 men; eleven regiments of cavalry, 12,600 men; one regiment of artillery, 1,077 men; seven companies of infantry, six of cavalry, and six of artillery, 2,221 men. It was estimated that 6,400 men were enlisted in other than Pennsylvania organizations, giving a grand total in service of 93,577. In addition, twelve regiments of infantry, one regiment and one company of cavalry, and one regiment and four companies of artillery, comprising a total of 16,038 men, were in process of organization; while 20,175 three months' troops had been furnished and were now mustered out . The state's total contribution of men is seen to be 129,794.

During the year 1862 large additional demands for troops were made on the state by the Federal government, but Pennsylvania was a rich and populous state and was able to meet the continuous drain in men and money caused by the war without serious inconvenience. The regiments which were in process of organization at the close of 1861, were promptly sent forward during the early months of 1862. The various military camps at Harrisburg, Pittsburg and around Philadelphia were constantly crowded with recruits being organized and equipped for active service. When, at the close of the disastrous Peninsular campaign, the president called for 300,000 more three years' troops, 45,321 men were assigned to Pennsylvania as her quota. The call was issued on July 2, 1862, and on the 4th Governor Curtin issued a stirring proclamation calling upon the state to respond promptly to this new demand on her patriotism. He said, among other things: "Pennsylvania has hitherto done her duty to the country. Her freemen are again called on to volunteer in her defense that the blood of her sons who have already fallen may not have been shed in vain and that we may hand down to our posterity the blessings of union and civil and political liberty, which we derived from our fathers. * * * Our noble commonwealth has never yet faltered and must stand firm now when her honor and everything that is dear to her is at stake." Many of the militia regiments of the state were in a position to respond at once to this call. On May 25, 1862, the small Union force under General Banks had suffered a serious reverse at the hands of Generals Ewell, Edward Johnson and Stonewall Jackson at Winchester. It was believed that the concentrated movement of the Confederate generals meant the invasion of Pennsylvania and the citizen soldiery of the state was at once called out to meet the threatened danger. Before the militia had been assembled at the appointed place of rendezvous, Generals Fremont and McDowell checked the advance of the Confederate column by well directed flank movements and the order assembling the militia was countermanded. Nevertheless, many of the militia companies maintained their organization and tendered their services under the call of July 2. The various cities and towns of the state were each assigned their quotas under the call and recruiting went forward rapidly. Owing to the demands made upon them at this time and under the later call of August 4, 1862, a strong competition arose between the cities and towns in the matter of obtaining recruits and to avoid the draft. Large bounties were offered by the richer towns to stimulate enlistments, rendering it difficult for the smaller and poorer towns to fill their quotas. Moreover, exorbitant bounties were being offered for recruits in adjacent counties in other states, and the evils of the whole local bounty system called loudly for regulation. A class of persons known as professional "bounty jumpers" came into existence. These men would enlist and receive the bounty offered at one place, then promptly desert and reenlist at another. While this class of men was a distinct evil, it was never numerous enough to seriously derange the military system. Under the stimulus of the liberal bounties offered throughout the state, the work of filling the quota went gradually forward. Before the requisite number of men had been obtained, the president issued, on August 4, a call for 300,000 militia for nine months' service. The proportion assigned to Pennsylvania was 45,321 and the men were to be drafted. Throughout the war every effort was made, both by the state and municipal authorities, to prevent resort to the draft and to a large extent these efforts were successful. The enrollment and draft under the call of August 4 were conducted in Pennsylvania in accordance with the Federal laws, as the state's enrollment under its militia system was too defective. The new enrollment, which was made at this time, showed the proper credits to be allowed to the various municipalities for men furnished under previous calls, as well as the number required under the present call, and served as a basis for future apportionments. The draft took place on October 16, and while it met with some resistance in a few counties, it was on the whole very successful.

The state furnished under the two calls of July 2 and August 4, 1862, a total of fifty-nine regiments, comprising 63,106 men. Of these, the 152nd was an artillery regiment, known as the 3d Penn. artillery; the 159th to 163d, inclusive, were cavalry organizations, known as the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Penn. Cav.; the 114th to 116th, 118th, 119th, 121st, 138th to 150th, and the 155th and 157th were three years' infantry regiments; the 122nd to 137th, inclusive, 151st, 153d, 154th, 158th, and 165th to 179th, inclusive, were nine months' troops. In addition to the above, the volunteer recruiting service at Harrisburg and Philadelphia under the direction of Captains Dodge and Lane and Lieut. Colonel Ruff, furnished to regiments already in the field 9,259 recruits, while it is estimated that fully 5,000 men enlisted in organizations without the borders of the state. As was true of all the states, it was found much easier to raise and equip entirely new regiments than to induce men to enlist in old organizations, though every effort was made to recruit the depleted ranks of regiments in the field. All told the state had furnished the United States by the close of 1862, or during a period of a little more than 20 months, upwards of 200,000 troops, exclusive of the services of about 50,000 militia, called out in September, 1862, to repel a threatened invasion of the state.

In the early part of September, 1862, Lee crossed the Potomac into Maryland, with the supposed intention of invading Pennsylvania. To meet the emergency the governor, on September 4, issued a proclamation calling upon the citizens to organize companies and be prepared to come to the defense of the state at any moment. On the 11th, orders were issued for 50,000 volunteers to rendezvous at the state capital. The response was prompt and patriotic and the capitol grounds at Harrisburg were transformed into a great military camp to accommodate the thousands of volunteers who assembled in obedience to the call. An organization of the troops was rapidly effected, and 15,000 volunteers were despatched to Hagerstown and Boonsboro, Maryland; 10,000 more were stationed near Greencastle and Chambersburg; and about 25,000 were at or en route to Harrisburg. On the withdrawal of the enemy from Maryland, the emergency calling them into being having passed, the men were disbanded on the 24th. The patriotic services of the governor and militia at this time were duly acknowledged in the following letter to the governor from General McClellan, dated September 27, 1862: "I beg to avail myself of almost the first moment of leisure I have had since the recent battles to tender to you my thanks for your wise and energetic action in calling out the militia of Pennsylvania for its defense when threatened by a numerous and victorious army of the enemy. Fortunately circumstances rendered it impossible for the enemy to set foot upon the soil of Pennsylvania; but the moral support rendered to my army by your action was none the less mighty. In the name of my army, and for myself, I again tender to you our acknowledgment for your patriotic Course. The manner in which the people of Pennsylvania responded to your call and hastened to the defense of their frontier, no doubt exercised a great influence upon the enemy." In the following month the soil of Pennsylvania was actually invaded by the enemy for the first time. About 2,000 cavalry and artillery under Generals Stuart and Hampton suddenly crossed the Potomac and penetrated to Chambersburg, plundering as they went. At Chambersburg the military storehouse was stripped of its contents and the building burned. So rapid were the movements of the daring raiders, they had recrossed the Potomac below Harper's Ferry, before troops could be collected to repel them.

The only state officers to be chosen in 1862 were an auditor general and a surveyor-general. The Democratic convention assembled at Harrisburg on July 4, nominated candidates for these offices, and expressed the views of the party on national issues in a series of resolutions of which the following is a brief abstract: "The true object of the war, with its tremendous sacrifices of life and property is the restoration of the Union as it was, and for no other purpose; it arraigned the Administration for extravagance and corruption; condemned the doctrine of emancipation; declared the suppression of the freedom of speech and of the press, the unlawful arrest of citizens, and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus where the civil authorities are unhampered to be a plain violation of the constitution; the negro race is an inferior and dependent people and should not be admitted to political and social equality with the white race, and declared that recent acts of Congress were in derogation of those provisions of the Federal constitution embodied in the bill of rights."

The Republican, or "Union" convention, which met at Harrisburg on July 17, also nominated candidates for the two state offices and adopted resolutions which strongly upheld the course of both the national and state administrations; declared that any attempt on the part of the nations of Europe to intervene in the struggle between the states "will meet a resistance unparalleled in its force, unconquerable in its persistence, and fatal to those whom it is intended to aid;" urged a vigorous prosecution of the war, lauded the army and navy, and endorsed "the manly, consistent and eminently patriotic" course of Senator Wilmot. At the election in October, the Democratic candidates were elected by a small majority, and the legislature had a Democratic majority of one on joint ballot.

The financial condition of the state continued to be strong, despite the enormous expenses entailed by the war. The balance in the treasury November 30, 1862, was $2,172,844.10 as compared with $1,551,605.72 in 1861. The receipts for 1862 from ordinary sources of revenue exceeded those of 1861 by $1,030,176.82, and the ordinary expenditures for 1862 were $95,317.16 less than in 1861. The public debt had been reduced during the year over $500,000; its gradual amortizement was amply provided for in a sinking fund containing nearly $11,000,000 in securities, and from the swelling revenues and the large balance on hand it was estimated that $1,500,000 could be used to reduce it in 1863. The state paid its quota of the direct tax of the United States, amounting to $1,946,719, in June, 1862, partly by offset and partly in cash, 15 per cent. being deducted for prompt payment. About $300,000 were still due the state from the general government for expenses incurred in raising and equipping troops.

The question of permitting the soldiers in the field to exercise the right of suffrage, in accordance with the old election law of 1839, was decided adversely by the supreme court of the state this year. The right was held unconstitutional by reason of a clause in the amendments to the constitution adopted in 1838.

With the opening of the year 1863 the general outlook was not particularly favorable to the Union cause. Since October, 1862, the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia had confronted one another from opposite banks of the Rappahannock. The former under General Burnside had suffered a serious reverse at Fredericksburg in December and was destined to suffer another disastrous defeat a few months later at Chancellorsville under Hooker. While the period that now ensued, until the battle of Gettysburg, was the darkest period of the great conflict, it only resulted in a more vigorous determination on the part of the North to prosecute the war to a successful finish, and the great Keystone state continued to offer of her men and resources. Her large contributions to the Federal government produced no appreciable diminution of her military or financial strength. Said Governor Curtin in his annual message in January, 1863: "Nothwithstanding the pressure of public calamity which has weighed heavily on the country during the past year, it has pleased Divine Providence not only to enable the people of Pennsylvania to perform in full all their duties to our common government, but to give to this commonwealth domestic peace, plenty and prosperity."

For many months the military authorities at Washington and also in Pennsylvania had been apprehensive that General Lee intended a systematic invasion of the North and the transfer of the theater of war to the soil of Pennsylvania, providing he could obtain a permanent lodgment. Both political and economic conditions impelled him to take this course. The people in the seceded states and the nations of Europe, at whose doors the South was knocking for recognition, would alike be inspired by this tremendous show of vitality; the supply of anthracite coal on which the North depended could be seriously curtailed and the manufacture of heavy ordnance at Pittsburg could be thereby checked. The political leaders in the South saw in this movement an opportunity to offset the impending fall of Vicksburg, and on June 3, just a month after the battle of Chancellorsville, Lee put his victorious army in motion for its northern campaign. When the invading forces crossed the Potomac on June 15 and soon after entered Pennsylvania territory, the general government seemed to first awaken to the seriousness of the situation. Some precautionary measures had been previously taken, important among which were the creation of two new military departments, one comprising all that part of Pennsylvania east of Johnstown and the Laurel Hill range, with headquarters at Harrisburg, Major-General Darius N. Couch commanding, and the other embracing the part of the state west of that line, together with portions of West Virginia and Ohio adjoining, with headquarters at Pittsburg, General W. T. H. Brooks commanding. The commanders were materially assisted in the work of organizing troops by the governor, who issued a proclamation on the 12th explaining the danger threatening and urging the people to enlist. Two days later he called on the negroes especially to rally to the defense of the state. It was not yet realized, even by those high in authority, that the whole of Lee's army was engaged in this invasion, as the governor declared in his proclamation at this time, "Information has been obtained by the war department, that a large rebel force, composed of cavalry, artillery, and mounted infantry, has been prepared for the purpose of making a raid into Pennsylvania," and General Couch, when he issued an order announcing the formation of his corps, said: "To prevent serious raids of the enemy, it is deemed necessary to call upon the citizens of Pennsylvania to furnish promptly all the men necessary to organize an army corps of volunteer infantry, cavalry, and artillery, to be designated the Army Corps of the Susquehanna." Rumors of an invasion by the enemy in force had been frequent for the past two years, but no serious harm had yet resulted to the state; hence the people could not yet credit the statement that the whole Confederate army under Lee was advancing upon Pennsylvania soil. They were destined to receive a rude awakening almost immediately. News of the defeat of Milroy at Winchester by the vanguard of Lee's army under Ewing and Jenkins was soon brought to the border towns of Greencastle and Chambersburg by the fleeing contrabands from the Shenandoah Valley. "On Monday morning" (June 15), says an article in the Chambersburg Repository, "the flood of rumors from the Potomac fully confirmed the advance of the rebels, and the citizens of Chambersburg and vicinity, feeling unable to resist the rebel columns, commenced to make prompt preparation for the movement of the stealable property. Nearly every horse, good, bad and indifferent, was started for the mountains as early on Monday as possible, and the negroes darkened the different roads northward for hours, loaded with household effects, sable babies, etc., and horses, wagons and cattle crowded every avenue to places of safety." This exodus was later hastened by the arrival of the head of Milroy's wagon train, hurrying to put as many miles as possible between itself and the enemy. It is stated that the covered toll bridge over the Susquehanna at Harrisburg was crowded as never before. "Milroy's train reached it first, while in its rear came an endless stream of human beings of every age and size and beasts and four-footed things innumerable. By night the steady tramp and rumble of the heavy teams lulled the senses of the weary and through the long hours of the sultry June day a cloud of dust arose constantly far down the valley, reaching forward and across the stream as far in the opposite direction as the eye could penetrate. With the fine impalpable particles settling down ceaselessly, rider and horse, vehicle and occupants, flocks, herds, all were enveloped, until thick folds wrapped them like a garment." (Martial Deeds of Penn., S. P. Bates, p. 170). On June 15, the president issued his call for 100,000 militia from the states immediately threatened to serve for six months. Pennsylvania was asked to furnished 50,000 of these volunteers. Governor Curtin also issued another stirring appeal to the people, in which he said: "That it is the purpose of the enemy to invade our borders with all the strength that he can command is now apparent. Our only defense rests upon the determined action of the citizens of our commonwealth. I therefore call on the people of Pennsylvania, capable of bearing arms, to enroll themselves in military organizations and to encourage all others to give aid and assistance to the efforts which will be put forth for the protection of the state and the salvation of our common country." The danger now appeared so threatening that the state archives at Harrisburg, and even the state library and the valuable old portraits of the governors were moved to Philadelphia for safety. In Pittsburg excitement ran almost equally high, as it was feared that a portion of the invading forces might turn westward and move on that city. Strong defensive measures were taken; the population busied itself for a time in the work of planning and building forts; military companies were organized to defend the city; the dram shops were closed, and practically all business was suspended.

The excitement was less in Philadelphia, where many still refused to believe that Lee's whole army would invade the state. The fact that thus far the invading forces had been chiefly employed in gathering supplies lent color to this view. As late as the 17th, the Philadelphia Press said: "As we understand the situation, as it appears at midnight, there is less ground for alarm than prevailed during the day. The rebels have occupied Chambersburg; but beyond that point no force is known to be advancing. * * * This suggests to us that the rebels have too great a dread of Hooker to divide themselves in his front, and that. while they might rejoice in the opportunity of occupying and holding Pennsylvania, they would not dare to do so with a powerful army on their line of communications." Only three days before the battle of Gettysburg the same paper declared: "Our intelligence as to what force of rebels has entered Pennsylvania is still unsatisfactory and unreliable. Probably Ewell's corps, which is estimated to number about 34,000 men, is alone in this aggressive movement; although it would not greatly surprise us to learn that General Lee's entire force, having crossed the Potomac, is within supporting distance." A much less optimistic view prevailed at Harrisburg, where great consternation prevailed. Strong earthworks were hurriedly constructed for the defense of the city and preparations were made to destroy the bridges leading to it if they could not be protected. Especially vigorous measures were taken by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company officials to save the valuable property of the road from destruction. Locomotives and rolling stock were moved to Philadelphia and block houses, strong enough to resist infantry attacks, were built to cover the bridges.

Troops assembled slowly at first at the camps at Harrisburg, Pittsburg and Philadelphia. It had been announced that the troops called for "would be mustered into the service of the United States to serve during the pleasure of the president, or the continuance of the war." The reasonable inference drawn from the words of both General Couch and Governor Curtin calling on the people for volunteers was that no invasion in force was anticipated and men were deterred by the conditions attached to the service from freely volunteering. Many believed that the threat of an invasion was being used to procure volunteers from the state for service in the Federal armies beyond the borders of the commonwealth. But as the Confederates continued to advance, with the evident purpose of seizing the bridges over the Susquehanna at Columbia and Harrisburg, preparations to resist the advance were hastened and troops assembled rapidly in the camps. The government had refused to accept the services of the first volunteers at this time for less than six months, but now the president authorized the governor to summon men for 90 days' service to meet the emergency and there was an immediate and patriotic response. In his stirring proclamation of June 26 the governor said: "Pennsylvanians: The enemy is advancing in force into Pennsylvania. He has a strong column within 23 miles of Harrisburg. other columns are moving by Fulton and Adams counties, and it can no longer be doubted that a formidable invasion of our state is in actual progress. The calls already made for volunteer militia in the exigency have not been met as fully as the crisis requires. I therefore now issue this my proclamation. calling for 60.000 men to come promptly forward to defend the state. * * * The time has now come when we must all stand or fall together in defense of our state, and in support of our government." While only about 4,000 in Pennsylvania 339 Pennsylvania troops had entered the U. S. service under the earlier calls for six months' men, more than 25,000 volunteers now promptly entered the ranks for 90 days' service.

Up through the Cumberland Valley the advance of Lee's army, Ewell's corps and Jenkins' cavalry, continued their march. The main body, under Ewell's immediate command, proceeded towards Harrisburg, destroying the Cumberland Valley railroad as it went. They occupied Carlisle and the head of the column even penetrated to within 4 or 5 miles of the capital. This was their nearest approach to Harrisburg. At Oyster Point General Knipe opposed their farther advance with a force of militia and the guns of Miller's battery. The strong works which had been erected for the defense of the city, and the large number of troops assembled at Harrisburg operated as a check on any farther advance by the enemy. Meanwhile the force under Early, detached to take possession of the bridge over the Susquehanna at Columbia, tear up the tracks of the Pennsylvania railroad and march up the eastern bank of the river, was able to carry out only part of its programme. York was seized and laid under contribution for a large amount of supplies and $28,000 in money—all the more welcome to the Confederates as they had previously found Gettysburg entirely bare of supplies. When Early threw forward Gordon's brigade to seize the magnificent bridge over the Susquehanna at Columbia, he found he was too late. A small force under Colonel Frick, consisting of the 27th and a portion of the 20th emergency regiments, the famous Philadelphia city troop, and three or four other companies, in all about 1.500 men, were guarding the bridge, under orders from General Couch. Frick made a spirited resistance, but was without artillery and could not hope to long oppose the veteran troops of Gordon. Though forced to retire, he succeeded in firing the great bridge before turning back and it was entirely consumed.

Ewell's forces now rejoined the main body of the army under Lee, which had crossed the Potomac on the 24th and 25th and advanced to Chambersburg on the 27th. Halting here for a few days, Lee drew in his scattered detachments. He had been balked in his apparent design of finding a safe and convenient passage over the Susquehanna, either at Harrisburg or Columbia. Whatever his further plans may have been with reference to the invasion of Pennsylvania and the North, as soon as he learned of the position of the Army of the Potomac he at once initiated movements to checkmate it. The Union army had crossed the Potomac only a day behind Lee. Hooker had been succeeded by Meade, and on the last day of June the Union forces having turned northward reached the Pennsylvania line, making their headquarters at Taneytown, Maryland, 13 miles south of Gettysburg. On July 1 the advance guards of the two great opposing armies met north and west of Gettysburg, and here was fought the great decisive battle of the war. This little town of 2,500 inhabitants is the capital of Adams county, Pennsylvania, and lies in a beautiful and fertile valley. It is not the purpose of this sketch to give a detailed account of the sanguinary three days' fight, which will be found elsewhere under its appropriate head. Being, however, the only great battle which took place on Pennsylvania soil, the following brief account of the fight by a well known historian of the state may be properly inserted: "On the western side this valley (the valley of Gettysburg) is bounded by a low wooded ridge running north and south, and at its nearest point about half a mile from the town. Here stand the buildings of the Lutheran seminary, and these give the name to Seminary ridge. The valley is about a mile wide. On the eastern side 3 miles south of Gettysburg is Round Top, a wooded conical hill, and just north is Little Round Top, mostly bare of trees and covered with huge boulders. From this northward the eastern ridge, which bears the name of Cemetery ridge, is of less elevation, but at its northern end, where the cemetery is, it again rises and turns abruptly to the eastward. The Union army occupied at the beginning of the second day of the battle Cemetery ridge, presenting a convex front to the enemy. The Confederates lined Seminary ridge from opposite Round Top to the town, thence through the streets and extending southeastwardly faced their opponents in a concave line nearly 8 miles long. The Northern troops had thus the advantage for purposes of defense of an inside position, where troops could be easily thrown from one place to another, to strengthen weak points or resist sudden attacks. The Southern army in the valley back of Seminary ridge could carry on their maneuvers perfectly screened from Union eyes and guns." During the first day's fighting, Reynolds, the Union general commanding, was killed. His troops were overwhelmed by superior numbers and were compelled to fall back through the town and take position on Cemetery ridge, a high hill to the south, which had been used for a cemetery, and on which temporary defenses had been erected. General Hancock having been sent forward to take command and to report as to the suitability of the field at Gettysburg for engaging in battle, made a favorable report, which was followed by a rapid concentration of the entire army at that place. Lee had also brought in his army except the cavalry under Stuart, who were to the east of the Union army. and Pickett's corps, which had not come from Maryland. When all gathered together, the two armies were nearly equal in size, about 90,000 men each. * * * The morning of July 2 was spent in strengthening defenses and arranging battle lines. At about 4 o'clock an artillery duel began, and under cover of the fire brigade after brigade of Southern troops were thrown at one point after another of the Northern defenses. Around Little Round Top bloody work was done. Almost taken again and again, it was saved at the last moment by timely reinforcements. Sickles' corps, after strong and determined defense of its position, was forced back upon a new line. Around on the extreme east, ground occupied by the Northern troops was taken and held by the Confederates, and in the evening the soldiers of both armies slaked their thirst at the same spring. The first day's fight resulted in partial success for the Southern arms. The fighting of the second day ended without any decided advantage to either army. The morning of July 3 dawned upon troubled generals and tired soldiers, feeling that the decisive day had come. Pickett's and Stuart's men had arrived the night before, and upon these the brunt of the third day's work was to fall. The Union line in the morning recovered the lost ground of the night at their right and then followed an ominous stillness. After noon the artillery duel from over 200 guns opened the greatest display of its kind ever witnessed on the American continent. For two hours across the plain which separated the two armies every known form of missile passed like a hurricane. The' Union fire slackened, and the Southern generals, supposing their guns were silenced, prepared for the final act. From Little Round Top General Warren signaled the news to Meade that a great charge was forming in front of the Southern line. From out the smoke emerged Pickett's Confederates. Across a mile of plain, their ranks mowed down by the Federal fire which now was concentrated upon them, straight towards a cluster of trees where Hancock's men were grouped ready to receive them, they marched with the steadiness of veteran troops. They rushed up the slope into the bloody angle of the stone wall which fronted the Union line. They drove the infantry from the defenses, the gunners from the guns, and planted their banners within the lines of their opponents. But they were now too few to follow up their advantage, and raked on both sides by opposing fires, all that was left of them slowly retreated. As the broken infantry columns fell back day was already turning into night, the battle was ended and the Union forces had won the most important conflict of the war. From this time on the fortunes of the South steadily waned. Lee led his shattered army back and across the Potomac, Meade's army too exhausted by the three days' fighting to offer more than a slow and ineffective pursuit.

Some fair degree of credit for the result of this momentous battle should properly be accorded to the loyal citizen soldiery of Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, who turned out in such numbers to meet the emergency created by Lee's great invasion; though the principal praise is justly given to the splendid Army of the Potomac. Of the many distinguished commanders of that battle Pennsylvania contributed her full share, and among her many heroes are proudly numbered the names of Meade, Reynolds, Hancock and Geary. In the soldiers' national cemetery at Gettysburg more than 500 of her soldier dead lie buried, while many others who there met heroic death have been borne away by friends and kin. Before the year 1863 had closed steps were taken to establish on the battle-field a national cemetery; the general government has assumed the care of the site; opened avenues along the lines once held by the opposing forces; and numerous veteran organizations have erected over 400 monuments to mark the positions of the different commands and the sites where officers or comrades met death. This great battle-field on the soil of Pennsylvania, the turning point in the Civil war, is thus preserved and protected now in all its details. The fortunate outcome of the battle of Gettysburg allayed the great excitement that had prevailed throughout the state; Pennsylvania was not destined to become the theater of future war operations, and her people were to be saved from the ruthless hand of the invading army.

During the year 1863 the only fully organized three years' regiment raised in the state was the 19th cavalry. the 180th of the line. Recruits for regiments in the field were sent forward during the year to the number of 4,458. All other organizations this year were enlisted for short terms of service during which they were occupied in the two new departments of the Monongahela and the Susquehanna. In the department of the Monongahela five regiments of 90 days' militia—numbered 54 to 58, inclusive—one unattached company of cavalry and one of artillery. were organized, comprising a total of 3,750 officers and men. For six months' service there were organized in this department one battalion and one company of infantry. a battalion of cavalry and a company of artillery. containing 1,416 officers and men.

In the department of the Susquehanna the following three months' organizations were formed: Twenty-three regiments of infantry, one independent battalion of militia, a battalion of cavalry, four independent batteries of artillery, and five unattached companies of infantry and two of cavalry, a total of 21,202 officers and men. During the summer of 1863 there were also organized the following six months' commands: The 20th (181st), 21st (182nd) and 22nd (185th) regiments of cavalry, together with two battalions of infantry and three independent batteries of artillery, comprising 3,068 officers and men. In addition to the above enumerated troops a number of "emergency" organizations were formed, consisting of regiments numbered 20 to 33 and one independent battalion of infantry, recruited to serve during the "existing emergency," the total force amounting to 7,062 officers and men. The total number of troops furnished by the state this year amounted to 43,046. Some resistance was met with and a few disturbances took place in the latter part of this year, when the officers were making the enrollment preparatory to the draft ordered under the call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 troops to serve for three years.

Governor Curtin was renominated and reelected for a second time this year. The Republican or Union convention which placed him in nomination declared in the resolutions adopted their fixed purpose to maintain the Union by all necessary effort and sacrifice; that the rebellion was inexcusable and was stained with every crime; that only two parties could exist, one which supported and the other which opposed the constituted authorities; that President Lincoln had won for himself the affection and regard of the whole American people; that an amendment should be passed to the state constitution so that soldiers could vote; thanks were tendered to the sons of the state in the army and navy, and Governor Curtin was praised for his "eminent services." The Democratic convention declared in its resolutions that the "Constitution as it is" provided the only guarantee for public liberty; that they had heard with alarm and indignation of the power claimed for the president giving him the right to arrest citizens for the expression of honest opinions, a power which he delegated to others; that the Democracy of Pennsylvania had been true to the cause of the Union, and would exercise the right to consider, discuss, ascertain and urge such measures as would be most likely to keep the whole Union together under a single government; that the administration, in departing from the resolution of Congress, had entirely changed the grounds of the war, and greatly delayed a just and honorable peace. The Democratic nominee, George W. Woodward, received 254,171 votes, Governor Curtin received 269496, and the legislature elected at the same time was Republican on joint ballot by 5 votes.

The public debt of the state which stood at $40,448,213.82 on December 1, 1862, was reduced during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1863, by $951,617.04. The military expenses for the year were $208.074.44, and the total expenses were $4,314,964.05. The state continued to pay the interest on the public debt in specie, as required by the act of June 12, 1840, which declared "that hereafter the interest falling due on Pennsylvania stocks shall always be paid in specie or its equivalent."

At the beginning of the year 1864 conditions seemed much brighter for the Union cause. The Mississippi river had been opened by the capture of Port Hudson and Vicksburg, and the important victories of Lookout mountain, Missionary ridge and Gettysburg had been won. While the South continued to be everywhere defiant and made a vigorous effort to fill the depleted ranks of its armies, it was evident that the war was approaching its end. Said Governor Curtin in his inaugural address in January, after giving a review of the past efforts put forth by the state and urging the people to continued efforts in support of the government: "Three years of bloody, wasting war and the horrible sacrifice of a quarter of a million lives attest the desperation of their purpose to overthrow our liberties. Mourning and sorrow spread over the entire nation, and defeat and desolation are the terrible trophies won by the traitors' hand. Our people have been sorely tried by disasters, but in the midst of the deepest gloom they have stood with unfaltering devotion to the great cause of our common country. Relying upon the ultimate triumph of the right, they have proved themselves equal to the stern duty, and worthy of their rich inheritance of freedom. Their fidelity has been well rewarded. In God's own good time, He has asserted His avenging power; and as this war is now persisted in by the leaders of the rebellion, it has become evident that slavery and treason, the fountain and stream of discord and death, must soon share a common grave. In this struggle for our honored nationality Pennsylvania has won immortal fame. Despite the teachings of the faithless and the hesitation of the timid, she has promptly and generously met every demand made upon her, whether to repel invasion or to fight the battles of the Union, wherever and whenever her people were demanded. Upon every field made historic and sacred by the valor of our troops, some of the martial youth of Pennsylvania have fallen. There is scarce a hospital that has not been visited by our kind offices to the sick and wounded; there is not a department in which brave men do not answer with pride to the name of our noble state, and while history endures loyal hearts will turn with feelings of national pride to Gettysburg, when the common deliverance of Pennsylvania and the Union will stand recorded in the unsurpassed glory of that bloody field."

The early months of the year 1864 were made memorable because of the return of veteran three years' troops to the state. These men had been granted a furlough on condition of reenlistment, and many took advantage of the opportunity to come home at this period. Many veteran regiments were thus formed and at the same time the depleted ranks of the old regiments were filled by new recruits. The total number of reenlistments of volunteers this year amounted to 17,876. The total contribution of the state to the military service of the United States during the year was very large, and may be,. summarized as follows: Regiments numbered 181 to 191, inclusive, were organized for three years' service during the first five months of the year, and contained 9,867 men; the 181st, 182nd and 185th, known as the 20th, 21st and 22nd cavalry, were formed from reenlisted six months' organizations; the 189th, known as the 4th artillery, was formed from the surplus men of the 2nd Pennsylvania artillery and all the other three years' regiments were infantry organizations. In July there were mustered into service for 100 days' term regiments numbered 192 to 197, inclusive, one battalion of infantry and one of artillery, containing 7,675 men. These organizations were raised by the state with her usual promptness and were designed for garrison duty, being used to release the veteran regiments from garrison duty at a time when every available man was needed at the front. During the months of August and September fifteen regiments, numbered 198 to 212, were organized for one year's service and sent to the front. All these were infantry organizations except the 204th (5th Art.), and 212th (6th Art.), and contained a total of 16,094 men. Volunteer recruits to the number of 26,567; drafted men and substitutes numbering 10,651, and 2,974 recruits for the regular army were sent to the front to supply the deficiencies of regiments in the field. The total number of men furnished by the state in 1864 was 91,704. On April 6, 1864, the department of the Monongahela was annexed to that of the Susquehanna, and General D. N. Couch was placed in command of the new department.

In the latter part of July occurred the third and last invasion of the state by the Confederates. Early in the summer rumors of another invasion reached the ears of the authorities. When, on July 3, General Early's forces moved up the valley of the Shenandoah, advancing into Maryland and the District of Columbia, up to the very defenses of Washington, and severed communication with the North for a time, Pennsylvania was called upon for volunteers to be mustered into the Federal service for 100 days. On July 5 Governor Curtin issued a proclamation calling for 12,000 volunteers to go to the aid of the national capital and to repel the threatened invasion of Pennsylvania and Maryland. As already seen, six regiments and a battalion of six companies of infantry were promptly raised to meet the emergency. Every effort was made to permit these troops to remain for the emergency within the borders of Pennsylvania and Maryland, but this was refused. As fast as the regiments were organized and ready for the field they were called away, the last regiment leaving the state on July 29, and only the battalion remained. General Couch requested that the Federal government should at least provide uniforms for a force of minute men to be raised in the six exposed border counties, but this was also refused. As a result, when the actual invasion took place at the end of the month, General Couch found himself with a totally inadequate force to meet the situation. Either in retaliation (as claimed by the Confederates) for the losses inflicted on them in the Shenandoah Valley, or as others thought, for alleged sympathy with the raid of John Brown, the town of Chambersburg, in Franklin county, was marked out for destruction. Detachments to the number of about 10,000 men crossed the Potomac at three different points and started north on their errand of pillage. Governor Curtin has thus described the raid in his message to the legislature soon after convened in special session: "On Friday, July 29, the rebel brigades of Johnston and McCausland, consisting of 2,500 to 3,000 mounted men, with 6 guns, crossed the Potomac at Clear Spring ford and marched direct upon Mercersburg. There were but 45 men picketed in that direction and as the enemy succeeded in cutting off communication, no information could be sent to General Couch, who then was at Chambersburg. The head of this column reached Chambersburg at 3 o'clock Saturday morning, July 30.

"The rebel brigades of Vaughn and Jackson, numbering about 3,000 men, crossed the Potomac about the same time, at or near Williamsport, Maryland, and part of the command advanced on Hagerstown, the main body moving on the road from Williamsport to Greencastle. Another rebel column of infantry and artillery crossed the Potomac simultaneously at Shepherdstown and moved towards Leitersburg. General Averell, who then commanded about 2,600 men, was at Hagerstown, being threatened in front by Vaughn and Jackson on his right, and by McCausland and Johnston in the rear, and on the left by the columns which had crossed at Shepherdstown, he fell back upon Greencastle."

General Averell was under the orders of General Hunter, but was kept as fully advised by General Couch as it was possible of the enemy's movements on his right and in his rear. General Couch was in Chambersburg with 60 infantry. 45 cavalry and a section of artillery, in all less than 150 men. The town was held by the small force until daylight, during which time the government stores and train were saved. Two batteries were then planted by the enemy to command the town, and it was invested by the whole force of Johnston and McCausland. At 7 o'clock, six companies of dismounted men, commanded by Sweeney, entered the town, followed by mounted men under Gilmore. The main force was in line of battle and a demand was made upon the town for $100,000 in gold or $500,000 in government currency as ransom, and a number of citizens were arrested and temporarily held as hostages for its payment. No offer of money had been made by the citizens, and even if they had any intention of paying a ransom, no time was allowed to do so. as the Confederates began immediately to burn and pillage the town, disregarding the appeals of women and children, the aged and infirm, and even the bodies of the dead were not protected from their brutality. General Couch's force was too small to successfully defend the town, but he held on and made every possible attempt to retard the work of the enemy until the latter had actually entered. General Averell's command being within 9 miles of Chambersburg, it was hoped he would arrive in time to save the town, and efforts were made to communicate with him, Couch in the meantime holding the enemy in check as much as possible. At length Averell's force came, but too late for the best results, as the town had then been sacked and burned and the enemy had retired. Averell pursued and overtook them at McConnellsburg in time to save that place, and he at once gave battle and drove them to Hancock, across the Potomac. In the destruction of Chambersburg, $3,000,000 worth of property was ruthlessly destroyed, 3,000 people were made homeless, and hundreds were left penniless.

A commission appointed by the state estimated the damage done in the border counties as a result of the three Southern raids at several millions of dollars, and claims of individuals amounting to about $3,500,000 were allowed and paid by the Commonwealth. This amount the state always claimed to be due from the general government.

On August 1 the governor issued a proclamation convening the legislature in special session to concert measures for the state defense. After reciting in his message the history of previous invasions of the state and the measures taken for its defense, he recommended that a special corps be raised to defend the border, saying: "I also recommend that the governor be authorized to form, either by the acceptance of volunteers or by draft, in such parts of the state as he may deem expedient, a special corps of militia, to consist in due proportions of cavalry, artillery and infantry, to be kept up to the full number of fifteen regiments, to be styled Minute Men, who shall be sworn and mustered into the service of the state for three years; who shall assemble for drill at such times and places as he may direct; who shall be clothed, armed and equipped by the state, and paid when assembled for drill or called into service; and who shall at all times be liable to be called into immediate service for the defense of the state, independently of the remainder of the term enlisted for. As this force will be subjected to sudden calls, the larger part of it should be organized in the counties adjoining our exposed border, and as the people of those counties have more personal interest in their protection, the recommendation i is made to authorize the governor to designate the parts of the state in which it shall be raised, and save the time and expense of transporting troops from remote parts of the state, and the subsistence and pay in going to and from the border. A body of men so organized will, it is believed, be effective to prevent raids and incursions." The special session of the legislature convened on the 9th, and on the 22nd and 25th acts were passed, authorizing the formation of a military force to be known as the State Guard, and to comprise fifteen regiments. Brigadier-General Lemuel Todd, of Cumberland county, was commissioned by the governor on August 29, 1864, as state inspector-general, and charged with the execution of an order issued on the 30th calling for volunteers for three regiments of infantry, two squadrons of cavalry, and four batteries of field artillery as the first part of such a force. Says General Todd, in his annual report: "Although strenuous efforts were made to recruit the force in nearly every county of the commonwealth, the attempt proved a total failure attributable to inherent defects in the law, and the then pending United States draft." Moreover, General Sheridan was now engaged in conducting his brilliant campaign in the Valley, which made the region untenable even for a defensive army, and all further attempts to recruit the corps were abandoned.

An act was also passed at the above special session which finally enabled the soldiers in the field to vote at elections. In order to exercise this right each soldier voter must have been assessed and paid a tax of ten cents in his home township, said tax to be in lieu of other personal taxes. Meanwhile, the work of furnishing the state's quota for the Federal army went steadily forward. Each locality strove as best it could to furnish its share without resort to the draft. Many towns and villages, however. were nearly exhausted by reason of their volunteers being credited to the richer towns, which paid higher bounties.

While the bloody campaign of 1864 was in full progress and the whole country was watching with bated breath its outcome the presidential election took place, which resulted in the triumphant re-election of President Lincoln. Pennsylvania polled a total vote of 572,702, which was divided as follows: Home vote, Lincoln, 269,679; McClellan, 263,967; soldiers' vote, Lincoln, 26,712; McClellan, 12,349, which gave Lincoln a majority of 5,712 on the home vote and 14,363 on the soldiers' vote.

During the fiscal year ending November 30, 1864, the public debt of the state, amounting to $39,379,603.94 was reduced $116,992.84. The balance in the treasury continued large, despite payments of $4,938,441, and amounted to $1,942,203. All the industries of the state continued to be in a prosperous condition.

With the opening of the year 1865 it was evident that the war was rapidly drawing to a close, though the work of organizing and despatching troops to the front went forward ceaselessly. In his message to the legislature in January, the governor showed conclusively that general prosperity had prevailed throughout the state despite the enormous drain produced by the war. The quota of Pennsylvania under the call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, was 46,437. While the work of raising and equipping these troops was still in progress, news of the fall of the Confederate capital was received and all further recruiting was suspended. On the following day Governor Curtin issued a proclamation wherein he stated: "The last center of treason has fallen. Richmond is ours; our armies entered it amid the cheers and general joy of its rescued inhabitants so long ground under the heel of usurping oppressors. The beaten rebel host is fleeing, pursued by our victorious cohorts, to be soon captured or dispersed." From this time on all was excitement and general rejoicing, and when Lee surrendered it was realized that the war was practically ended. The surrender of Lee's army was quickly followed by that of the other armies of the Confederacy and then the work of disbanding the Federal forces was taken up by the government. By the end of August nearly all the survivors among the troops of Pennsylvania reached home, only a few organizations remaining in the service on detached duty until the following year.

During the early months of 1865 the state furnished a total of 25,840 men for the national service, the last regiments sent to the front being the three infantry regiments numbered 213, 214 and 215, which were mustered into the U. S. service in the months of March and April, 1865.

While the rejoicing over the close of the long struggle was still in progress, Lincoln was assassinated by J. Wilkes Booth, and Governor Curtin was called upon to issue another proclamation, April 19, asking the people to suspend all business pursuits as a mark of respect to the martyred president, while the funeral train was passing through the state. On receiving advices from Washington that the funeral cortege would stop at the state capital for 16 hours, the governor answered: "I propose to take charge of the remains at the line of the state, and to accompany them until they leave it. I will meet them at the border. At Harrisburg they will be placed in the capitol. All military and civil honors will be shown." Every possible token of respect for the dead was shown during the passage of the funeral party through the state and it is impossible to exaggerate the universal evidences of mourning. Another proclamation set apart the 26th of April as a special day of mourning for the death of the President.

The total number of troops furnished by Pennsylvania to the Federal government during the war, exclusive of militia and men enlisted in the naval service, was, in 1861, 130,594; in 1862, 71,100; in 1863, 43,046; in 1864, 91,704; in 1865, 25,100; or a grand total of 362,284. According to the statistician Phisterer, as found in the tabulated data of his "Statistical Record of the Armies of the United States," Pennsylvania furnished a total of 366,107 troops. These were comprised in the following organizations: Cavalry, 23 regiments, 28 companies; artillery, 4 regiments, 5 companies, 19 batteries; infantry, 227 regiments, 62 companies; total, 254 regiments, 95 companies, 19 batteries.

Frequent allusion has been made to the wonderful financial strength maintained by the commonwealth throughout the war. Governor Curtin declared in his last annual message to the legislature "that notwithstanding the large expenditures of the state for military purposes since the breaking out of the rebellion, the condition of the treasury is now $2,555,579.13 better than it was then, and I am proud to be able to state that on the 1st of last December (1865) the state debt was less than on January 1. 1861." The total state debt on December 1, 1865, stood at $37,476,258.06, a reduction of $402,939, since January 1, 1861, notwithstanding the enormous expenditures incident to the war. It was estimated that at the close of the fiscal year November 30, 1865, the extraordinary state expenditures growing out of the war, and not refunded by the general government, aggregated $4,028,627. This sum included the direct tax, not reimbursable, as well as the sum of $671,476.43 which the state expended for the militia called out June 27, 1863.

No estimate of the state's contribution to the Union cause would be complete without some reference to the heavy ordnance turned out at Pittsburg. The great Fort Pitt works were located here and were in constant operation during the war. The following is taken from a description of the works to be found in American Manufactures: "The establishment is one of the largest and most complete cannon foundries in the United States or in Europe, as no other is known having the capability of manufacturing guns of such enormous size, or of producing any other kinds with equal despatch. It is the oldest cannon foundry in the United States, having survived for more than twenty years all others which existed when it was first established in 1814. * * * There is probably no single establishment in the United States which attracted so much public attention during the war as the Fort Pitt foundry. It was thronged daily with visitors. Many traveling strangers in passing would delay their journey a day or two in order to visit the works. Distinguished military and naval officers from England, France, Spain, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Sardinia and Austria, who had come from Europe to observe the operations of our armies in the field, or to note the progress of the war and the manner of conducting it, came from Washington City, for the special purpose of examining the works and of witnessing the casting of the monster cannon." To meet the increased demand for cannon and ordnance stores the works were greatly enlarged soon after the war began and proved of inestimable service to the general government.

The military department of the state government was organized early in the war by the appointment of Edward M. Biddle of Carlisle as adjutant-general; Reuben C. Hale of Philadelphia, quartermaster-general, and W. W. Irwin of Beaver county, commissary-general. John A. Wright of Mifflin county, Thomas A. Scott of Philadelphia, R. Biddle Roberts of Pittsburg, Gideon J. Ball of Erie, John B. Parker of Carlisle, and William McMichael of Philadelphia were appointed aides-de-camp. A number of vacancies occurring by the appointment of Colonel Scott as assistant secretary of war, Colonel Ball as paymaster of the U. S. army, Colonel Roberts as colonel of the 1st regiment of reserves, Joseph D. Potts and Alexander L. Russell of Pittsburg, and Craig Biddle of Philadelphia were appointed to fill the same. Alexander L. Russell was appointed to the office of adjutant-general of the state in September. 1861, on the resignation of General Biddle, and much credit is due him for his efficient administration of the arduous office throughout the remainder of the war. General Hale died on July 2, 1863, and James Reynolds of Lancaster served as quartermaster-general from that time on. The office of chief of transportation and telegraph department was successively filled by Major Oliver W. Sees, Colonel M. S. Quay, Lieut.-Colonel James C. Biddle, and Major Henry H. Gregg. The position of paymaster general was admirably filled by Colonel Henry D. Maxwell of Easton. with Majors James Veech of Uniontown, John W. Ryan of Tioga. and David McCormick of Harrisburg as assistant paymasters.

No position in the military organization of the state during the war was more ably filled than that of surgeon-general. Henry H. Smith, an eminent surgeon of Philadelphia, served in that capacity with the rank of colonel until October, 1862. Dr. James King, a physician of note in Pittsburg, was appointed division surgeon, with the rank of major. Dr. King, having entered the service as brigade surgeon on the staff of General Reynolds, resigned to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Surgeon General Smith. When Dr. King in turn resigned after nearly two years' service, he was succeeded by Dr. Joseph A. Phillips, of Pittsburg, who served until the close of the war. All these gentlemen served indefatigably in the discharge of the trying duties of their office. Says Adjt.-General Russell in his report for the year 1866: "In organizing the hospital department, visiting battle fields and providing for the care of the sick and wounded, in the selection of competent and efficient medical officers for the regiments in the field, and in the discharge of every duty of his office, Surgeon-General Smith was indefatigable and eminently successful." That branch of the department relating to furloughs, transfers and discharges brought it into close relations to the military agency at Washington, and assistant Surgeons-General Alfred W. Green of Philadelphia, and Samuel G. Lane of Chambersburg, successively discharged their difficult duties with untiring zeal and intelligence.

The war had not continued very long before the serious and protracted nature of the struggle came to be realized. Most of the volunteers were now enlisted for long terms of service and the casualties from disease and battle swelled rapidly in volume. The state authorities were anxious to supply the needs of the patriotic soldiers at the front and to afford every relief to the sick and wounded. To this end a state military agency was established at Washington by Governor Curtin during the first year of the war. The business of this agency was to provide for the comfort and efficiency of Pennsylvania volunteers, care for the sick and wounded, send home the dead bodies of those who perished in the service, and in general minister to the wants of the soldiers of the state. The highly important and arduous work of this agency was well performed by Colonel J. H. Puleston of Washington, as the military agent of Pennsylvania, by appointment of Governor Curtin, until December, 1862. On January 1, 1863, Colonel M. S. Quay of Beaver county was appointed military agent, serving until April 27, when he was succeeded by Colonel R. Biddle Roberts. The latter discharged the duties of the agency until December, 1863, and was succeeded by Colonel Francis Jordan of Bedford county. Lieut.-Colonel James Gilliland of Centre county served efficiently throughout as assistant military agent, at this post. On May 4, 1864, the agency was enlarged so as to include the collection of pay, pensions and bounties due to Pennsylvania volunteers without expense to the soldier, and a similar agency was authorized by the legislature in the same act, to be established at some point in the Southwest. Such an agency was accordingly established at Nashville, Tenn., with Colonel James Chamberlin of Union county in charge. Both Colonel Chamberlin and his energetic assistant, Captain Samuel H. Slifer of Union county, had been in active service in the field and were well acquainted with the wants of the soldiers. They were conspicuously successful in bringing relief to Pennsylvania soldiers in the various hospitals and barracks of the Southwest, wherever one in need could be found. The work of this agency was marked by both economy and diligence. The agency was closed on April 1, 1866, when all the Pennsylvania troops had returned to the North. Governor Curtin made the following allusions to these agencies in his annual messages of 186466: "A reference to the reports of Colonel Jordan of Washington, and Colonel Chamberlain, agent for the Southwest, will show the magnitude and usefulness of this branch of the service. * * * The report of the state agent at Washington shows that under his management the claims of our soldiers are promptly examined and paid. * * * This agency has proved very useful in all respects, and especially to our volunteers and their families. There have passed through the agency during the past year (1865) 4,690 claims, and $311,703 have been collected from the government free of charge." In all more than $500,000 were collected by the agency and paid to the soldiers or their families.

Space is wanting in a work of this character to describe, or, even to mention, more than a few of the many noble charities which the war of the rebellion brought forth in Pennsylvania. Numberless men and women, all over the broad commonwealth, labored unceasingly to mitigate some of the horrors of war, and gave unstintedly of their strength and means to minister to the wants of the soldiers. With no thought of disparaging the work of others, mention will be made of a few of these charitable enterprises, and of some of the more prominent laborers in the cause of mercy.

George H. Stuart of Philadelphia served throughout the war in the onerous position of chairman of the U. S. Christian commission, and was signally successful and efficient in effecting the aims of this splendid organization, which sought not only to minister to the spiritual needs of the soldier in camp, hospital or on the battle-field, but also dispensed an immense amount of practical charity. Mr. Stuart was made chairman at the first meeting of the commission, November 14, 1861, and was ever a moving spirit in this work, thoroughly efficient and possessed of sound judgment . We are told that this commission alone distributed 1466,748 copies of the Bible, in whole or in part, 8,000,000 copies of knapsack books of a religious nature, and that through it 18,000,000 copies of the best religious newspapers, fresh from the press, were issued to the army. It employed about 5,000 unpaid agents to carry on its work and expended the enormous sum of $6,250,000. Says Mr. Stuart: "After the battle of Gettysburg, when tens of thousands of wounded and dying men were thrown upon our hands, I telegraphed in all directions. To Boston I telegraphed: 'Can I draw on you for $10,000 at sight?' It was stuck up in the exchange. The merchants at once formed in line to put down their subscriptions, and the answer came: 'Draw for $60,000.' And the little children helped us too. They made tens of thousands of little housewives, comfort-bags as the soldiers called them, with buttons, needles and thread, comb, cake of soap, and, above all, a little tract or Testament, and sent them on through the commission to the needy soldiers, and they did them a world of good."

Another devoted friend of the soldiers was Mrs. John Harris of Philadelphia. Almost from the beginning, she labored at the front engaged in ministering to the wants of the sick, wounded and dying. Through her earnest pen she aroused the charitable instincts of the whole North. Her great deserts are thus set forth in Moore's Women of the War: "If there were any such vain decorations of human approbation as a crown, or a wreath, or a star, for her who in the late war has done the most and labored the longest, who visited the greatest number of hospitals, prayed with the greatest number of suffering and dying soldiers, penetrated nearest to the front and underwent the greatest amount of fatigue and exposure—that crown, or that star, would be rightfully given to Mrs. John Harris, of Philadelphia." After the first battle of Bull Run she hurried to Washington and labored zealously in the military hospitals of that city, Georgetown and Alexandria. From this time on she was constantly at the front, and at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout mountain, Chattanooga, and many another stricken field, she was the soldiers' ministering angel. Writing from Gettysburg, July 4, she says: "Am full of work and sorrow. The appearance of things here beggars all description. Our dead lie unburied and our wounded neglected. Numbers have been drowned by the sudden rise in the waters of the creek bottoms and thousands of them are still naked and starving. God pity us—pity us." The various Ladies' aid societies of the state had in her a most efficient agent in distributing their supplies to the points most needed. It is no exaggeration to say that through her hundreds of lives were saved and many hundreds more were tenderly cared for during their last moments.

One of the noteworthy relief agencies of the war was the Meadville relief association. Credit for much of the beneficent work of this organization is due to the untiring zeal of its first president, Mrs. Hannah Moore. Until her untimely death before the end of the war, she devoted her days to the work of the relief rooms, and after hours, when worn and tired from the day's work, she was engaged in a voluminous correspondence with other relief societies and individuals in the interest of her chosen work. The books of the association show that in 1863 there were shipped from its rooms 86 boxes, 21 barrels and 16 firkins to Fortress Monroe, Frederick, Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia, Gettysburg and Cleveland. All this material needed to be carefully sorted and packed for shipment. More than 3,500 yards of cotton and 600 yards of flannel were here made into needed garments. Two great relief agencies which attained a national reputation, took their rise in Philadelphia— the Union volunteer refreshment saloon, and the Cooper Shop volunteer refreshment saloon. Both institutions worked in harmonious cooperation; each had its origin in humble beginnings; each grew into a noble charity of splendid proportions quite early in the war. As the first troops began to move toward Washington in the spring of 1861, coming from the New England States, New York, and the western states, the generous people of Philadelphia provided them with nutritious food, warm drink, and otherwise cared for the tired and hungry soldiers during their temporary sojourn in the city. At first the men were fed upon the streets in the neighborhood of the Baltimore depot, or were quartered in the hospitable homes in the vicinity. Soon, however, the work was systematized and no troops, whether going to the front, or returning from service, were permitted to pass through the city without being generously cared for.

The Union volunteer refreshment saloon took its rise when Bazilla S. Brown gave public notice that he would receive contributions of food supplies for the purpose of feeding the troops passing through the city. He started with 11 pounds of coffee, serving the warming drink from a rude improvised table. On June 1, a vacant boat-house on Washington avenue was leased in the name of Mr. Brown, appropriately fitted and served its purpose until the necessities of the association demanded more space, when additions were made to the original building, covering 95 by 150 feet. Soon after the saloon was established, a hospital room was opened in connection with it to accommodate the sick and Dr. Eliab Ward presided over it gratuitously throughout the war. All its furnishings and supplies were donated and many devoted and tender-hearted women freely gave their services in ministering to the war-worn soldiers. Over 11,000 sick and wounded soldiers received attention here, such as nursing and medical attendance; more than 20,000 had their wounds dressed, and over 40,000 received a night's lodging. When enlarged the saloon could supply 1,200 men at one time, and it cared for as many as 15,000 in a single day. Its records show that more than 800,000 soldiers were received and 1,025,000 meals were supplied. Not a penny of its cost, which was very moderate by reason of its careful management, came from the public treasury, but all was the result of the free-will offerings of the people. The average cost of a soldier's meal varied from 9 to 10 cents at first, but nearly doubled later in the war. The food was as good or better than that of the average city hotel. Advanced information of the arrival of troops was received by wire and all was ready when they came in. The institution extended a helping hand not only to Union soldiers, but aided more than 15,000 Southern refugees, Confederate deserters and freedmen, and shipped vast quantities of stores to St. Louis, Kentucky and other points maintaining similar institutions. After the battle of Bull Run, 290 sick and wounded soldiers from that field were cared for temporarily, and some 260 for a long period of time. After the battle of Gettysburg, more than 700 patients were received and cared for by the institution. Many thousands of grateful veterans can attest to the great good done by this association. State officials were especially warm in their praise. Governor Andrew of Massachusetts wrote: "Gratefully acknowledging the comfort, encouragement and consolation afforded to many thousands of our New England soldiers, to whom, in their hunger, thirst, weariness and sickness, our devoted friends in Philadelphia have administered with unfailing generosity, kindness and solicitude." Governor Buckingham of Connecticut: "Such disinterested and self-sacrificing benevolence will be gratefully remembered, not only by the soldiers, but by their many friends in this state." Governor Holbrook of Vermont: "Over 6,000 of the volunteer soldiers of Vermont, on their way to the seat of war, have been refreshed and comforted at your saloon, and 'Our Green Mountain Boys' remember the kind attention of the citizens of Philadelphia with lively gratitude. On behalf of the state of Vermont, I return hearty thanks for the kindness shown to our soldiers on their passage through your city." Sec. Seward added this word of praise: "The disinterested patriotism and benevolence of those who manage that institution have for some time past attracted my attention and admiration." And said the great Everett: "No one circumstance, I am sure, has contributed more to the comfort and health of our patriotic fellow-citizens who have obeyed their country's call. It has given your city a new and most commanding title to her beautiful name." The officers of the association were as follows: chairman, Arad Barrows; recording secretary, J. B. Wade; treasurer, B. S. Brown; steward, J. T. Williams; physician, E. Ward; corresponding secretary and general financial agent, Samuel B. Fales, while on its committees were about fifty prominent ladies and gentlemen. Only one of its officers or agents received pay—the steward—whose duties were constant and arduous. Of similar reputation and character was the great Cooper Shop volunteer refreshment saloon. It stood upon Otsego street, just south of Washington avenue, convenient to the line of march taken by the soldiers in passing through the city. Its dimensions were 50 by 150 feet. William M. Cooper and H. W. Pearce had been using the building for the manufacture of shooks for the West India trade, which gave it the name, and these gentlemen first suggested that it be used for refreshment purposes. The first extemporized arrangements soon gave way to a well equipped institution, provided with appliances for making hundreds of gallons of coffee daily, and for preparing and serving an abundance of the best and most nutritious food. The hospital which was established in connection with it was presided over by Dr. Andrew Nebinger gratuitously and a committee of prominent women freely gave their services to the sick and wounded. A joint committee from the Union and Cooper Shop saloons secured the friendly cooperation of the two great charities. During the first five months in which the hospital was in operation, it received 130 patients. In the early part of 1862 it was placed in charge of Mrs. R. P. King, Mrs. William Struthers and Mrs. Hatch, in addition to the principal, Miss Anna M. Ross. On February 15, 1862, so great were the demands upon the association for hospital treatment, that a soldiers' home was projected and chartered by the Philadelphia court. Suitable rooms were secured for the purpose, and after raising a fund of $2,400, these rooms were equipped and formally dedicated to those uses. On the very day of the dedication. Miss Ross was called to her final rest, worn out by her ceaseless labors. She was succeeded by Mrs. Abigail Horner as lady principal of the hospital, with whom were associated Mrs. J. Floyd, Mrs. J. Perry, Mrs. R. P. King, Mrs. E. E. Roberts, Mrs. William M. Cooper and Mrs. P. Fitzpatrick. After the legislature had incorporated the home in 1864, it was merged in the soldiers' home of Philadelphia. Originally located at Race and Crown streets, it was subsequently transferred to the state arsenal at 16th and Filbert streets, the arsenal having been granted by the legislature for the purpose. Besides the thousands of soldiers who received dispensary treatment, the hospital received within its doors to May 25, 1862, 159; to May 25, 1863, 305; to May 25, 1864, 85 were admitted, two died and 79 were discharged; to May 25, 1865, 12 died, and 291 were discharged. At the close of the war 160 were under treatment and it secured an endowment fund of $100,000. Says the historian S. P. Bates: "On the occasion of the flag presentation in July, 1866, when the banners of Pennsylvania regiments were delivered back to the hands of the governor to be deposited in the archives of the state, the orphan children of the soldiers were received at the home. Seven hundred of them were hospitably entertained during their stay in the city." All classes of citizens were interested in the work of the Cooper Shop volunteer refreshment saloon, and all vied with each other in their support of the institution. During a period of a little more than four years, this great charity received and ministered to 600,000 soldiers. Hundreds of letters were received from all over the land, from soldiers themselves and from their relatives and friends, testifying to the enduring regard in which the beneficent institution was held. The original committee of the saloon consisted of William M. Cooper, H. W. Pearce, A. M. Simpson, W. R. S. Cooper, Jacob Plant, Walter R. Mellon, A. S. Simpson, C. V. Fort, William Morrison, Samuel W. Nickels, Philip Fitzpatrick, T. H. Rice, William M. Maull, R. H. Ransley, L. B. M. Dolby, A. H. Cain, William H. Dennis, R. H. Hoffner, L. W. Thornton, Joseph E. Sass, T. L. Coward, E. J. Herrity, C. L. Wilson, Joseph Perry, R. G. Simpson, Isaac Plant, James Toomey, H. H. Webb, William Sprowle, Henry Dubosq, G. R. Birch, Christopher Jacoby, James Tosing, E. S. Cooper, Joseph Coward, J. T. Packer, A. Nebinger, and R. Nebinger.

The honor of the commonwealth was pledged to care for soldiers' orphans, and as early as 1863 a plan was put in operation for the maintenance and support of these orphaned charges upon the state's charity. The report of Hon. T. H. Burrowes, under whose management was placed the system adopted by the state, shows that in 1865, 1,242 orphans had been actually admitted to the schools, and that 1,846 applications had been received and allowed. Governor Curtin referred to these schools thus in his annual message for 1866: "I have heretofore commended this charity to you and I deem it unnecessary to add another word in asking a continuance of an appropriation which is to provide for. and educate the best blood of the state." In addition to the three soldiers' orphan schools now maintained by the state at Scotland, Franklin county, Chester Springs, Chester county, and Uniontown, Fayette county, it supports the Pennsylvania soldiers' and sailors' home at Erie, where nearly 500 dependents are cared for. In the movement which made the orphans of the soldiers a public charge, Pennsylvania led the way for all the states, and her munificence has been equalled by none. The last important military event, which bore an immediate relation to the war, took place in Philadelphia on the anniversary of the nation's independence, July 4, 1866. It was a very unusual and highly dramatic ceremony, and the scene presented to the eyes of the great concourse assembled was one of exceeding brilliancy and patriotic import. On this occasion the war worn and battle stained state flags carried through the war by Pennsylvania regiments were borne in an immense military procession of seven divisions, commanded by Major-General Winfield S. Hancock, through tthe streets of the city to Independence square. Thousands of people lined the route of the procession and among the great throng gathered to witness the ceremonies in the square were 1,200 orphans, "the children of the commonwealth." When the procession reached Independence square, Major-General George G. Meade delivered an eloquent presentation address and formally returned the flags into the hands of Governor Curtin, who received them with an appropriate response, and they were then securely deposited among the archives of the state, there to remain as a lasting memento of the patriotism and valor of those who bore them.


RECORD OF PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel Yohe; Lieut.-Colonel, Tilghman H. Good; Major, Thomas W. Lynn. This regiment, composed of men from Northampton, Dauphin, Lancaster, Berks and Lehigh counties, was mustered into the U. S. service for a three months' term, at Harrisburg, April 18 to 21, 1861. The regiment left Harrisburg on April 20 for Cockeysville, but fearful of bringing about a premature encounter and thereby causing the secession of Maryland, it withdrew to the vicinity of York. The first part of the month of May was spent in guard duty along the Northern Central railroad, and the latter part in guarding the roads from Catonsville, Maryland, to Harper's Ferry and Frederick, Maryland On June 3, the regiment was ordered to Chambersburg and assigned to General Patterson's army, then encamped at Funkstown. A fortnight was spent at Frederick, Maryland, and a week of garrison duty followed at Martinsburg. It was next ordered to Charlestown, and from there to Harper's Ferry, and on July 24 returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out .

Second Infantry.—Colonel, Frederick S. Stumbaugh; Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas Welsh; Major, James Given. The 2nd regiment, recruited in Franklin, Perry, Adams, Lancaster, Chester, Center, Dauphin and York counties, was mustered into the U. S. service for a three months' term on April 20, 1861, at Harrisburg. Like the 1st regiment, it was ordered to proceed to Cockeysville, then to York and Chambersburg. It formed with the 1st and 3d, the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Department of Washington, and was chiefly employed about Funkstown and Martinsburg. On July 15, General Patterson's army marched to Bunker Hill, but returned to Charlestown on the 17th, where the 2nd remained till its return to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out of the service July 26.

Third Infantry.—Colonel, Francis P. Minier; Lieut.-Colonel, John M. Power; Major Oliver M. Irvine. The 3d regiment, recruited in Blair, Cambria and Allegheny counties, was mustered in for three months' service, April 20, 1861, at Harrisburg, and left the same day for Cockeysville. It then returned to York and was next ordered to Chambersburg, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division. After a short time in camp at Funkstown it moved with General Patterson's army to Martinsburg. It was assigned to guard duty at the supply depot at Williamsport, and remained there until July 26. It was mustered out on July 29.

Fourth Infantry.—Colonel, John F. Hartranft; Lieut.-Colonel, Edward Schall; Major, Edwin Schall. The 4th regiment, recruited in Montgomery, Delaware, Union and Center counties, was a militia regiment and was mustered in for three months' service on April 20, 1861, at Harrisburg. Its origin was the 1st regiment, 2nd brigade, 2nd division, of the state militia. After the presentation of flags by the ladies of Norristown, the regiment reported at Harrisburg and left there on April 21, for Philadelphia under command of Colonel Dare. It occupied Perryville, Maryland, and was then ordered to Washington, where it was obliged to remain for lack of camp equipage. These first regiments were hurried to General Patterson's support so rapidly in response to the call for troops that they were very insufficiently equipped in every way. The first camp was at Bladensburg, the next at Shuter's hill and on the old Fairfax road the pickets were attacked by the enemy and the first blood shed. In July, the 4th was assigned to McDowell's army, moved to Centerville and was there appealed to by General McDowell to remain in his command for a longer time as he expected and desired an encounter with the opposing forces. The men were, however, mustered out at Harrisburg at the expiration of the time of enlistment, most of them reenlisting later in three years' regiments. Their colonel remained with General McDowell.

Fifth Infantry.—Colonel, R . P. McDowell; Lieut.-Colonel, Benjamin C Christ; Major, R. Bruce Petriken. The 5th regiment, recruited at Alleghany City, Pittsburg, Lebanon, Reading, Huntingdon and in Schuylkill county, was mustered in at Harrisburg, April 20 and 21, 1861, for three months' service. It started for Baltimore, but returned to Harrisburg; proceeded to Philadelphia, then to Annapolis and finally to Washington. The first camp was Camp Washington, just outside the city; the next at Shuter's hill. Assigned to General McDowell's brigade, the regiment performed guard duty at Alexandria till the return to Harrisburg for muster out, which took place on July 25.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonel, James Nagle; Lieut.-Colonel, James J. Seibert; Major, John E. Wynkoop. The 6th regiment was recruited in Schuylkill and Carbon counties and was mustered in for three months' service, at Harrisburg, April 21 to 23, 1861. It reached Philadelphia on April 22, and remained there until May 7, being provided with many comforts by the citizens of the city. Guard duty followed at Newark, Chesapeake City, North East, Charlestown, Elkton and Perryville. On May 28, the command was ordered to Chambersburg and, in Colonel Thomas' brigade, proceeded to Greencastle and Williamsport, Maryland. General Patterson, commanding the Department of Pennsylvania, proposed a movement against Harper's Ferry, but, so many of his troops were ordered to the defense of Washington that he was obliged to forego his plans and the 6th went into camp near Williamsport . At Falling Waters, early in July, the 6th had a sharp brush with the enemy. It then entered Martinsburg; was sent after a body of Confederate cavalry to Bunker Hill; then proceeded to Charlestown and back to Harrisburg for muster out, which took place the last week of July.

Seventh Infantry.—Colonel, William H. Irwin; Lieut.-Colonel, Oliver H. Rippey; Major, F. P. Robinson. This regiment was recruited at Pittsburgh Alleghany, Fredonia, Pleasantville, Reading, Boalsburg and Lewistown, and was mustered in at Harrisburg, April 22 and 23, 1861, for three months' service. It was ordered to Chambersburg, arriving there on April 23 and remained until June 8. It was treated with marked courtesy by the citizens of Chambersburg, presented with a beautiful flag, and left its kind hosts with regret. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, under General Patterson and encamped near Greencastle. On June 14, the regiment moved to Williamsport, on July 2 to Martinsburg, West Virginia, then to Bunker Hill and Charlestown, the enemy retiring toward Winchester. On July 22, the regiment started for Harrisburg, where the men were mustered out.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonel, A. H. Emley; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel Bowman; Major, Joseph Phillips. The 8th was composed of Luzerne county men,. with the addition of a company from Northumberland county and two from Jefferson county. It contained several militia companies, a number of new recruits, and was mustered in for three months, at Harrisburg, April 21 to 24, 1861. It reported at Chambersburg, where it was at once assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, and moved on June 7, to Greencastle. A few days later it was ordered to Williamsport, then marched to Martinsburg, Bunker Hill and Charlestown with General Patterson's army, took part in some skirmishes, and returned to Harrisburg, where the men were mustered out on July 29.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonel, H. C. Longnecker; Lieut.-Colonel, William H. H. Hangen; Major, Charles Glantz. This regiment was recruited in Chester, Armstrong, Cumberland, Lehigh, Northampton, Schuylkill, and Delaware counties and was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, April 22 to 24, 1861, to serve for three months. May 4, it arrived at West Chester, encamped there until the 26th and then proceeded to Wilmington, Del. On June 6 it joined General Patterson at Chambersburg and was assigned to the 4th brigade, 1st division, under General Dixon S. Miles. Ten days later it crossed the Potomac, camping near the river, and on the departure of General Miles for Washington reported at Williamsport . It remained near the river until July 1, when it advanced to Martinsburg, and after participation in the movements to Bunker Hill and Charlestown returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on July 29.

Tenth Infantry.—Colonel, Sullivan A. Meredith; Lieut.-Colonel, Oliver J. Dickey; Major, Richard White. The 10fh was recruited in the counties of Lancaster, Center, Schuylkill, Dauphin, Cambria and Huntingdon and was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, April 22 to 29, 1861, to serve for three months. Ordered to Chambersburg on May 1, it encamped there until June 8, when it moved to Greencastle as part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, General Patterson's army, which proceeded through Middleburg to St. James college and on July 1 entered Virginia. It reached Martinsburg on the 3d, after a slight skirmish with the enemy on the road. The regiment participated in the marches to Bunker Hill and Charlestown and was formed in battle line at the latter place, when the news of Bull Run was received, which closed the campaign in Virginia. On July 31, the regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg.

Eleventh Infantry.—Col, Phaon Jarrett; Lieut.-Colonel, Richard Coulter; Major, William D. Earnest. The 11th regiment was recruited in the counties of Lycoming, Clinton, Luzerne, Northumberland, Montour and Westmoreland, and was mustered in at Harrisburg, April 23 to 26, 1861, for three months' service, and remained in camp near that place until the 27th. Its first duty was to keep open various approaches to Washington, and to that end details were posted at Newark, Chesapeake Gty, Charlestown, Perryville and Havre-de-Grace. It was next ordered to Chambersburg; then to Williamsport; and took part in the engagement at Falling Waters, where it lost 1 man killed and 10 wounded. The 11th was then posted at Martinsburg until July 15, when it moved to Bunker Hill, and to Charlestown two days later. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on August 1. The .entire regiment was remustered for three years, retaining its number, and was the first three years' regiment from the state. During its three years' service the officers were as follows: Colonel, Richard Coulter; Lieut . Colonels, Thomas S. Martin, Henry A. Frink, Benjamin F. Haines; Majors, Henry A. Frink, John B. Keenan, Benjamin F. Haines, John B. Overmeyer. The men reassembled at Harrisburg and were mustered in up to November 27, when the regiment was ordered to Annapolis. There were nine companies, numbering 813 men. Another company was assigned to the regiment but never joined it. The winter was spent in guard duty at Annapolis and on April 9, 1862, the 11th left for Washington. From there it moved to Manassas Junction, where it was posted along the Manassas Gap railroad. In the Army of Virginia, the regiment took part in the battle of Cedar mountain. In August a detachment of men for the 10th company joined the regiment and the next day the troops made a gallant defense of Thoroughfare gap. At Bull Run the losses were heavy, and the 11th was also active at Chantilly, Antietam and Fredericksburg. This closed the year 1862 and in January, 1863, the regiment joined in the famous "Mud March," after which it remained in camp at Fletcher's Chapel until April 29, the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign. At Gettysburg a successful movement on the part of the brigade to which the 11th was attached, resulted in the capture of 500 prisoners. The regiment followed the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac through the Mine Run campaign and in January, 1864, over three-fourths of the men reenlisted, which assured the return of the 11th after furlough as a veteran regiment. On March 28 the 11th left Harrisburg for Washington, having added enough recruits to make a total of 590 men. In the activities of the Army of the Potomac during the year, at the Wilderness, Bethesda Church, the North Anna river, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and the Weldon railroad the 11th had its full share. Its final campaign was with the same army in the early part of 1865 and after the surrender of Lee at Appomattox Court House the regiment returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out early in July.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonel, David Campbell; Lieut.-Colonel, Norton McGiffin; Maji, Alexander Hayes. This regiment, of which six companies were recruited at Pittsburg, two at New Castle and two in Washington county, was mustered into the U. S. service, April 25, 1861, at Harrisburg, to serve for three months. Several weeks were spent at York and on May 25 the regiment was ordered to guard the Northern Central railroad between the state line and Baltimore. Headquarters were made at Cockeysville and this laborious but important duty was faithfully -performed by the troops until mustered out at Harrisburg on August 5, 1861.

Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas A. Rowley; Lieut-Colonel John N. Purviance; Major, W. S. Mellinger. The 13th, of whose companies seven were recruited at Pittsburg, one at Butler, one at Birmingham and .one at Bedford, was mustered in at Harrisburg, April 24 to 26, 1861, for three months' service. It was stationed first at York, but moved to Chambersburg on June 4 and reported to Colonel Dixon S. Miles. Marching to Williamsport, the 13th entered Virginia on June 16, but a return was soon ordered to Williamsport, where the 13th formed part of the garrison. The movements to Bunker Hill, Charlestown and Harper's Ferry followed and then the return to Harrisburg for muster out which took place on August 6. Five companies under Cot Rowley left in a fortnight for Washington, where they were soon joined by others, a total of 1,200 men, desirous of enlisting for three years but not for some time were they recognized, when they became the 102d Pennsylvania infantry.

Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, John W. Johnston; Lieut.-Colonel, Richard McMichael; Major, Charles N. Watts. The 14th regiment came from different parts of the state and was mustered in from April 22 to May 2, at Harrisburg, for three months' service. On May 9 it was ordered to Lancaster, where it was treated with marked hospitality and remained until June 3. The next two weeks were spent at Chambersburg and the remainder of the month at Sharpsburg. On July 3 the force under General Patterson arrived at Martinsburg, West Virginia, and while here the 14th was presented by the ladies of the city with a beautiful flag. With the preceding regiments the 14th joined in the marches to Bunker Hill, Charlestown and Harper's Ferry and then returned to Carlisle for muster out. One company was captured at Falling Waters in July.

Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Richard A. Oakford; Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas Biddle; Major, Stephen N. Bradford. The 15th, of which five companies came from Luzerne county, two from Lancaster, one each from Center and Cambria, and one from Harrisburg, was mustered in for three months' service, April 23 to May 1, 1861, at Harrisburg. On May 9 it was ordered to Lancaster; on June 3 to Chambersburg; then to Hagerstown on the 16th and on the 18th to Williamsport. Near Falling Waters a body of the enemy, disguised as Union soldiers, captured Co. I, which had been sent forward as skirmishers. Of these first captives after Sumter, 6 died in prison and the others were exchanged in 1862, after suffering great hardships. July 4 found the regiment at Martinsburg, the movements to Bunker Hill, Charlestown and Hagerstown following, and on August 7, the men were mustered out at Carlisle.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas A. Ziegle; Lieut.-Colonel, George J. Higgins; Major, Frank T. Bennett. The 16th was composed of five militia companies from Schuylkill county, four companies recruited in York county and one from Cumberland county, and was mustered in at Harrisburg from April 20 to 30,1861. The company from Cumberland county volunteered for three years or during the war, being the first company from Pennsylvania to do so, and was mustered in for that term. The remainder of the regiment was mustered in for three months' service. The regiment was sent to York, then to Chambersburg and assigned to the 4th brigade, 1st division. It crossed the Potomac with the advance of the army; returned to the vicinity of Williamsport; crossed again early in July; moved to Martinsburg, Bunker Hill, Smithfield and Charlestown, and then returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on July 30.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonel Francis E. Patterson; Lieut.-Colonel, Robert O. Tyler; Major, William A. Lerch. This regiment, from Philadelphia, was a militia regiment (the 1st artillery), afterward called the Quaker regiment because of the hats presented by patriotic citizens of the city. The regiment was mustered into the U. S. service April 25, 1861, and ordered to Perryville on May 8, where it embarked for Baltimore and occupied the city on the 13th. No troops had passed through since the attack on the 6th Mass., but the 17th met with no resistance and opened the city to the passage of regiments from the north. The regiment took part in the Rockville expedition and details guarded the Potomac at Edwards' and Conrad's ferries. On July 8 it joined General Patterson's army at Martinsburg and was assigned to the 7th brigade, 3d division, under Colonel Stone. The marches to Bunker Hill, Charlestown and Harper's Ferry followed and on August 2 the men were mustered out at Philadelphia, although they offered to remain longer in service if needed.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonel, William D. Lewis, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles Wilhelm; Major, Alexander E. Newbold. This regiment was organized by the addition of recruits to the 1st regiment, 1st brigade, 1st division, of the state militia. It was recruited and mustered in at Philadelphia on April 24 and 25 for three months. On May 14 the regiment moved to Perryville, where it immediately embarked for Locust Point. It was posted at Fort McHenry until May 22, when it proceeded to Baltimore and there performed guard and police duty until the end of the term of enlistment, with the exception of a detail sent to Pikesville to garrison the national arsenal. Owing to the necessity for their presence at Baltimore, Cos. B, C, D, E, G, H, K, and part of Co. I were remustered into the U. S. service July 24 for ten days, and on August 7, the regiment was mustered out at Philadelphia.

Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Peter Lyle; Lieut.-Colonel, D. W. C. Baxter; Major, J. W. Fritz. The 19th, a Philadelphia militia regiment—the National Guards—was mustered in at Philadelphia on May 18, 1861. It was deemed so great an honor to be a member of this regiment that its ranks were soon filled and many applicants refused. Orders to proceed to Baltimore were received on May 10 and the regiment was posted there during its term of service, its quarters being at Camp Pennsylvania, just outside Fort McHenry. The duty of arresting Marshal Kane was assigned to the 19th and was accomplished successfully. In response to the urgent request of General Dix, every member of the command remained with him until other troops could be supplied, which was, however, but a few days, and the 19th was mustered out at Philadelphia on August 29.

Twentieth Infantry.—Colonel, William H. Gray; Lieut.-Colonel, George Moore; Major, Andrew H. Tippin. The 20th regiment was the outgrowth of the Scott Legion of Philadelphia, veterans of the Mexican war, and was mustered into the national service at Philadelphia on April 30, 1861,. for three months. Early in June the regiment was ordered to Chambersburg and assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division of General Patterson's force. It moved to Williamsport and shared in the marches to Martinsburg, Bunker Hill and Charlestown. On July 24 it left for Philadelphia and was there mustered out. Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonel, John F. Ballier; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles Ernenwein; Major, Adolph Mehler. This regiment was a Philadelphia organization and it was there mustered in for three months' service on April 29, 1861. It was the outgrowth of a rifle battalion attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division of the state militia. On May 20 it was ordered to Suffolk Park; on the 28th to Chambersburg, where it became part of the 1st brigade, 1st division of General Patterson's army. It crossed the Potomac on June 17, but the force soon returned to the Maryland side and encamped. On July 2 the army moved to Martinsburg and thence after a fortnight, to Bunker Hill. Charlestown and Harper's Ferry. While in Martinsburg the 21st was presented with a beautiful flag by the loyal Union Germans of that city. On August 8 the regiment was mustered out at Philadelphia.

Twenty-second Infantry.—Col, Turner G. Morehead; Lieut.-Colonel, William L. Curry; Major, George P. McLean. The 22nd was also a Philadelphia militia regiment, mustered into the U. S. service in that city, April 23, 1861, for a three months' term. It was known as the Philadelphia Light Guard. In May it was ordered to Baltimore; encamped at Locust Point; later at Patterson's park and at Mount Clare; and performed guard and police duty in Baltimore until mustered out on August 7, at Philadelphia.

Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Charles P. Dare; Lieut.-Colonel, David B. Birney; Major, George C. Spear. The 23d was a Philadelphia militia regiment and was mustered into the national service in that city, April 21, 1861, for a three months' term. The same day it was ordered to Perryville and was posted along the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore railroad on guard duty until May 28, when it was relieved and proceeded to Chambersburg, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division of General Patterson's army. It followed the already described route of this force; engaged the enemy at Falling Waters, and was mustered out at Philadelphia on July 31.

Twenty-third Infantry (Three Years).—Colonels, David P,. Birney, Thomas H. Neill, John Ely, John F. Glenn; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles Wilhelm; Majors, George C. Spear, William J. Wallace. The 23d regiment was immediately reorganized for three years' service and on August 14, 1861, the ranks were filled. It was ordered to Washington, there recruited to fifteen companies and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, with which it remained in the vicinity of Washington during the winter. On February 17, 1862, Colonel Birney was appointed a brigadier-general and soon after four companies were transferred to the 61st Pennsylvania, and Co. M was distributed among the remaining ten companies. The regiment participated in the campaign on the Peninsula, engaged in the siege of Yorktown and the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, White Oak swamp and the movement to Malvern hill. Still with the Army of the Potomac it was active at Chantilly, present at South mountain and Antietam and •engaged in the battle of Fredericksburg. Winter quarters were made near Falmouth and the "Mud March" was the only movement until the Chancellorsville campaign in the spring of 1863, when the 23d shared without orders in the charge on Marye's heights, filling the place of a regiment, which broke at a critical moment . Engagements followed at Salem Church and Deep run and in the battle of Gettysburg the 23d was active, though it was fortunate in escaping with fewer losses than the other regiments of the brigade. On July 10, the enemy was overtaken at Funkstown and a sharp battle ensued. Moving southward with the army, the 23d engaged in the fight at Rappahannock Station; took part in the Mine Run expedition; and then returned to Brandy Station. On December 30, 1863, some 200 members of the 23d reenlisted, were furloughed and joined their regiment again at Johnson's island in Lake Erie, where the balance of the command had preceded them. Here 4,200 Confederates were imprisoned and the troops were posted on guard until May 9, 1864, when they were again ordered to the front and assigned to guard prisoners taken in the Wilderness campaign. Joining the brigade late in May the regiment was engaged at Hanover Court House. At Cold Harbor, in an assault preceded by a charge across an open field, the losses were very heavy, but the position was gained and held. On June 19 the 23d arrived at Petersburg and was active here and at the Weldon railroad, until ordered to the defense of Washington in July, under General Wright. This force followed General Early into Virginia and then started to return to Petersburg, but was obliged to turn again to check Early. On July 29 it arrived at Harper's Ferry and formed a junction with the forces under Crook and Hunter. After crossing and recrossing the river, the army moved to Cedar creek and then back to Charlestown. At this time the 23d returned to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out, September 8, 1864, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 82nd Pennsylvania infantry.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Joshua T. Owen; Lieut.-Colonel, Dennis Heenan; Major, Dennis O'Kane. This regiment, composed mainly of men of Irish descent, was the outgrowth of a Philadelphia militia regiment and was recruited in that city, with the exception of one company from Wilmington, Del. It was mustered in at Philadelphia, May 1, 1861, for three months' service, and went into camp near the city, the men being treated with much kindness by the people. The regiment then proceeded to Hagerstown, via Chambersburg, and arrived at Camp Porter on June 22, where it was assigned to the 5th brigade, 2nd division. It took part in the maneuvers near Martinsburg, Bunker Hill and Charlestown, and was mustered out at Philadelphia, August 9, having remained in the service two weeks longer than the term of enlistment.

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Henry L. Cake; Lieut.-Colonel, John B. Selheimer; Major, Edward B. Pearson, Jr. The 25th infantry was composed of the first five companies, who volunteered in Pennsylvania, three new companies and two companies formed from the surplus of the five original ones. At the outbreak of hostilities, the need for the immediate presence of troops in Washington was so urgent that the first five companies who responded were sent to the national capital without waiting. to perfect their regimental organization. They were the Logan Guards of Lewistown; the Allen Guard of Allentown; the Washington Artillery and the National Light Infantry of Pottsville; and the Ringgold Light Artillery of Reading. They were mustered into the U. S. service on April 18, 1861, at Harrisburg for a three months' term, and the same day left for Washington. Upon arriving in Baltimore hostile demonstrations were made by the citizens and unchecked by the large body of police present, but the detachment passed through the city in safety, although almost entirely unarmed, the loaded revolvers of the Logan Guards and their muskets which were capped and carried half-cocked though powder was lacking, being the only arms. This show of force and the calm demeanor of the men held the furious mob at bay and the troops arrived that evening in Washington, the first to reach the threatened city. Cos. E, H and B garrisoned Fort Washington during the whole term of service; Cos. A and C were assigned to guard duty at the Washington arsenal and the remaining five companies joined the Rockville expedition at Poolesville, marched to Williamsport and Martinsburg and were assigned to the 7th brigade, 3d division. They shared in the marches to Bunker Hill and Charlestown and were mustered out with the remainder of the regiment at Harrisburg on July 26.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, William F. Small, Benjamin C. Tilghman, Robert L. Bodine; Lieut.-Colonels, Rush Van Dyke, Robert L. Bodine, John B. Adams; Majors, Casper M. Berry, Samuel G. Moffitt. The 26th regiment, from Philadelphia, offered its services to the national government and was ordered to Washington. It left Philadelphia on April 18, expecting to pass through Baltimore before daylight. Through delay on the part of the railroad company it reached Baltimore at noon of the following day. The unarmed men were attacked by the mob and obliged to return to Philadelphia after losing one of their number in the encounter. The regiment then offered its services to Governor Curtin and was accepted, but not mustered in. On May 25 it was mustered in for three years, by direct order of the war department, its muster dating back to May 5. During the interim the personnel of the regiment was considerably changed, but all of its members were from the vicinity of Philadelphia except those of Co. K, who came from Chester. The command was stationed at Washington until August, then at Bladensburg, Maryland, and on October 20, as a part of Hooker's brigade, marched to Budd's ferry, Maryland, where it remained until April 1, 1862. It was active at the siege of Yorktown, the battles of Williamsburg, Savage Station, Malvern hill and the second Bull Run. It was then ordered to Washington and did not take part in the battle of Antietam, but joined the army before Fredericksburg in December, 1862. After sharing in the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863, the regiment marched to Gettysburg and was closely engaged in that battle, losing heavily. After the southward movement of the Army of the Potomac the regiment took part in the Mine Run campaign and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In May, 1864, the regiment was active in the Wilderness campaign and on June 18 it was mustered out at Philadelphia.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Max Einstein, Adolph Bushbeck; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles Angeroth, Adolph Bushbeck, Lorenz Cantador, Peter A. McAloon, August Riedt; Majors, William Schoenleber, Lorenz Cantador, John N. Lang, Peter A. McAloon, August Riedt, Hugo Von Seidlitz. This regiment, recruited in Philadelphia, left the city for Washington on April 18, 1861, and reached Baltimore in company with the 6th Mass. the next day, where a mob prevented the passage of the troops through the city. As they were unarmed they were unable to force a passage and returned to Philadelphia. The services of the regiment were offered with the three months' troops but were not accepted and it was not until late in May that the 27th was finally mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. The total strength of the regiment was 1,346; the loss from disease and wounds 250, and 150 were killed in battle. Early in June the regiment was ordered to Washington and in July was attached to General McDowell's army. It was held in reserve at Bull Run; was then ordered to: Roach's mills, Virginia, and remained there until October 8, when it moved to' Hunter's Chapel and went into winter quarters. The regiment was next assigned to General Fremont's army which it joined at Franklin. At the battle of Cross Keys, its first engagement, the men displayed great courage and coolness and were praised by the general. Next assigned to the Army of Virginia it engaged at the battle of the second Bull Run. With' the Army of the Potomac the regiment lost heavily at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In the autumn it was ordered to Nashville and was stationed for a time at Bridgeport, Alabama With the 33d Mass. and the 73d Ohio it took part in the brilliant night assault by which the Confederates were driven from a strong position on a high hill near Chattanooga. On November 22 the command arrived at Chattanooga; took part in the battle of Missionary ridge; then moved to Knoxville; returned to Chattanooga and spent the winter in camp near Lookout mountain. On May 4, 1864, the march to Atlanta began and the 27th remained with the army until it reached Dallas in May, when it was ordered home. It returned to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out on June 11, 1864. Co. F was detached for special duty at Washington at the beginning of its service and never rejoined the regiment.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, John W. Geary, Gabriel De Korponay, Thomas J. Ahl, John Flynn; Lieut.-Colonels, Gabriel De Korponay, Hector Tyndale, John Flynn, James Fitzpatrick; Majors, Hector Tyndale, Arid Pardee, Jr., William Raphael, Robert Warden, L. F. Chapman, James Fitzpatrick, Charles W. Borbridge, Jacob D. Arner. This regiment, front different parts of the state, was mustered in at Philadelphia, June 28, 1861, to serve for three years. It contained fifteen companies and from the surplus a battery was formed, called Knap's battery of the 28th Pa. The command left Philadelphia on July 27 for Harper's Ferry and was assigned to Colonel Thomas' brigade of General Banks' army On August 13 it moved to Point of Rocks and guarded the frontier, endeavoring to prevent communication between the Confederates and their sympathizers. Skirmishes ensued at Pritchard's mill, Point of Rocks, Berlin and Knoxville. In October the battle was fought at Bolivar heights with success to our troops, and as this action was the first victory after Bull Run it was an inspiration and received enthusiastic commendation. The regiment held back a force of the enemy at Noland's ferry, who were on their way to Frederick to encourage the Maryland legislature to secede. During the winter of 1861-62 there were a number of sharp brushes with the opposing forces and in March the troops were able to gain and occupy Leesburg and Upperville, moving from there to Front Royal over disputed ground. In April, 1862, Colonel Geary was made a brigadier-general, but the regiment

remained under his command. It was attached in May to General Banks' division and took part in the battle of Front Royal. Soon, however, it was again assigned to General Geary's command and became part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps. Under General Pope, in the Army of Virginia, the regiment fought bravely at Cedar mountain and the second Bull Run. It was engaged at Antietam and in various strategic movements that followed to Harper's Ferry, Leesburg, Winchester, etc. From January to April, 1863, the 28th was stationed at Acquia creek. Then followed the Chancellorsville campaign, in which it lost a third of its number in the three days' battle. On May 5, it returned to Acquia creek, remaining there until June 13, when it marched to Gettysburg and participated in the battle. The regiment remained with the Army of the Potomac until September, when it was ordered to join the Army of the Cumberland. At Murfreesboro it engaged the enemy; remained guarding the road from Murfreesboro to Tullahoma for two weeks; arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, late in October; took part in the battle of Lookout mountain; and in the next few days participated in the battles of Missionary ridge and Ringgold. On November 29. General Grant reviewed the troops who fought at Lookout mountain and praised them highly for their courage and discipline. Winter quarters were established at Bridgeport, where the men reenlisted as a veteran regiment and were furloughed. After their return to the front the regiment fought at Guntersville, Triana, Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, Pumpkin Vine creek, New Hope Church, Pine knob, Lost mountain, Muddy creek, Nose's creek, Kolb's farm, Kennesaw mountain and Marietta. Almost daily engaged, the army won its way to Atlanta. The 28th followed Sherman's army through the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea, and all its varied service until mustered out on July 18, 1865, near Alexandria, Virginia.

Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, John K. Murphy, William Rickards, Jr., Samuel M. Zulick, George E. Johnson; Majors, Michael Scott, Samuel M. Zulick, Jesse R. Millison, George E. Johnson, Robert P. Dechert . The 29th, recruited at Philadelphia, was mustered in at Philadelphia in July, 1861, for three years, and reenlisted as a veteran regiment. Its total strength was 2,517, of whom 147 were killed or died of wounds. It moved to Harper's Ferry on August 3; was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st -division of General Banks' army; encamped in Pleasant Valley; went into winter quarters at Frederick, but remained there only one night, when it was again ordered on the march, and on February 26, 1862, reached Winchester, where a skirmish ensued in which Colonel Murphy was captured. It was present at the battles of Cedar mountain and Antietam; was ordered to Fredericksburg in January, 1863, but was obliged to halt at Stafford Court House, where it remained until the end of April. It was then assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 12th corps, with which it participated in the Chancellorsville campaign and the battle of Gettysburg. On September 23, 1863, the regiment was ordered west and reached Murfreesboro, Tenn., October 5. The troops conducted themselves heroically at the battles of Wauhatchie, Lookout mountain and Ringgold and through all the hard service of the army on its way to Atlanta, remaining with the army of General Sherman until the end, and were mustered out near Alexandria, Virginia, July 17, 1865.

Thirtieth Infantry.—Colonels, R. Biddle Roberts, W. Cooper Talley; Lieut.-Colonels, H. M. Mclntyre, W. Warren Stewart; Majors, Lemuel Todd, Tobias Kaufman. The 30th was the first regiment of the reserve corps and was organized at West Chester from June 1 to July 20, 1861. It was ordered to Harrisburg, then to Baltimore, where it arrived on July 22, and went into camp on Carroll hill. It was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term on the 26th. The total number of members was 1,084, of whom 139 were killed in action, 233 were wounded and 148 reenlisted. At Tennallytown, Maryland, the reserve corps was organized in three brigades and the 30th became the 1st regiment of the 1st brigade. After many hard marches and some skirmishing during the first winter, the regiment participated in the battle of Mechanicsville in June, 1862, showing great courage and coolness. It was also at the battle of Glendale; was in reserve at Malvern hill; active at South mountain and Antietam; and at the battle of Fredericksburg it formed part of the 1st corps of the left division under General Reynolds. In February, 1803, the regiment was assigned to the 5th corps under General Meade, and at Gettysburg under General Crawford. In Co. K were many Gettysburg men, some even fighting on their own fields and within sight of their homes. After the action at Bristoe Station and the Mine Run campaign, the 30th went into winter quarters at Bristoe Station in January, 1864, and remained there until the beginning of the Wilderness campaign. It participated in the actions of the Army of the Potomac until June 1, 1864, when it returned to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out on the 13th, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 190th Pennsylvania infantry.

Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonels, William B. Mann, William McCandless; Lieut.-Colonels, Albert L. Magilton, William McCandless, George A. Woodward, Patrick McDonough; Majors, George A. Woodward, Horace Neide, Patrick McDonough, Richard Ellis. This regiment, recruited mostly in Philadelphia, was the 2nd regiment of the Pennsylvania reserves. On July 24, 1861, it moved to Harrisburg, but left at once for Baltimore and then proceeded to Harper's Ferry. So much delay and misunderstanding occurred that when the regiment was finally mustered in on August 1, a large number of the men had returned home. The remainder were mustered in on August 16, at Hyattstown, for three years. Cos. B, F, G and I were disbanded because their numbers did not come up to the requirements, though Captain McDonough of Co. B afterward raised a new company and joined the regiment. At Tennallytown on September 25, the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade of the reserve corps, becoming the 2nd regiment of the brigade. At the battle of Mechanicsville the regiment received the brunt of the attack without flinching and was highly praised by the commanding officer. It was active at Gaines' mill and Glendale, but was in reserve at Malvern hill. The reserves were under fire at the second Bull Run and Chantilly, the 2nd subsequently participating in a sharp engagement on the Old Hagerstown road, near Frederick. It fought with the 1st brigade of the reserves at South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, after which a short period of rest followed at Washington. In March, 1863, a detail of Co. F, which had been on duty with the artillery, rejoined the regiment. Inaction during the campaign on their own soil was unendurable to the men. and in response to their urgent appeal the regiment was ordered to Gettysburg, attached to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 5th corps. In the battle the Bucktails, 1st, 2nd and _ 11th, made a brilliant charge into the enemy's lines, capturing many prisoners and the flag of the 15th Ga, The 2nd was active at Bristoe Station and in the Mine Run campaign. In the Wilderness movement, Cos. A, D, E and H were detailed on guard duty from May 4 to 11. The regiment participated in the battles of the campaign till June 1, its last battle being fought at Shady Grove Church after the expiration of its term of enlistment, the men having elected to remain with the army until the rest of the division was relieved. At Philadelphia on June 16, 1864, the men were mustered out the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 191st Pa. infantry.

Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonel, Horatio G. Sickel; Lieut.-Colonels, William S. Thompson, John Clark; Majors, R . H. Woolworth, William Briner. The 31st, the 3d of the Pa. reserves, was recruited mainly in Philadelphia and Bucks county and was mustered in for three years, at Harrisburg, July 27, 1861. It became at once the 3d regiment of the 2nd brigade, under Brigadier-General George G. Meade, posted at Tennallytown. It participated in the reconnoissance to Dranesville, in October, 1861; the operations of the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, including the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill, Glendale and Malvern hill. In August it joined the Army of Virginia, with which it was active at the second Bull Run and in reserve at Chantilly. Returning to the Army of the Potomac, it was engaged at South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. In February, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Washington and assigned to the 22nd army corps, with the rest of the 2nd brigade, remaining there until January, 1864, when it was ordered to West Virginia and reached Martinsburg on the 7th, where it remained on picket duty until the 28th. It then moved west to New creek; marched in futile pursuit of the enemy until February 6; returned to Martinsburg; performed picket duty at Vanclevesville until Mar. 27; moved to Harper's Ferry, and then to Webster. On April 22, it started for Parkersburg, continued from there to Brownstown on the Great Kanawha river, and on up the river to Fayette, the object of the expedition being to destroy the communication furnished Lee by the Virginia & Tennessee railroad. On May 9, 1864, the command engaged the enemy at Cloyd's mountain successfully, but with heavy loss. Driving the enemy before them the Union troops reached the railroad and accomplished the object of the campaign. The return was commenced and after days of arduous marching and skirmishing the command reached Meadow Bluff on May 19. Three days later it was ordered to Millville, and on the 30th started for home. The regiment was mustered out at Philadelphia June 17, 1864, when the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion, which participated in the engagements of the remainder of the campaign and was finally transferred to the 54th Pa. infantry.

Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Robert G. March, Albert L. Magilton, R . H. Woolworth, Thomas F. B. Tapper; Lieut.-Colonels, John F. Gaul, Thomas B. F. Tapper, Frederick A. Conrad; Majors, Robert M. McClure, John Nyce, Enos L. Christman, Frederick A. Conrad, J. W. Shoemaker. This regiment, the 4th of the reserves, was mustered in at Harrisburg in June, 1861, to serve for three years. It left for Baltimore on July 21 and remained there until the end of August, when it was ordered to Tennallytown. As part of the 2nd brigade, the regiment was present at Mechanicsville; closely engaged at Gaines' mill; participated in a fierce bayonet fight at Glendale, in which it was able to withstand the opposing force, though it suffered severe losses was in reserve at Malvern hill; was active at the second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, after which it was ordered to the defenses of Washington, to recuperate. Here it remained until January, 1864, when it participated in the West Virginia campaign. From this time its fortunes were those of the 32nd regiment already described. On June 17, 1864, it was mustered out at Philadelphia, its veterans and recruits being transferred to the 54th Pa. infantry.

Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels. Seneca G. Simmons, Joseph W. Fisher; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph W. Fisher, George Dare, Alfred M. Smith; Majors George Dare, Frank Zentmeyer, James H. Larrimer, Alfred M. Smith, James A. McPherran. This regiment was the 5th of the reserve corps, and was mustered into the U. S. service June 20, 1861, at Harrisburg, for a three years' term. With the Bucktail rifles it left Harrisburg the same day for Cumberland, Maryland. After the battle of Bull Run the regiment joined the reserves at Tennallytown, Maryland, and was assigned to the 1st brigade. It arrived at Dranesville too late to participate in the victory. Early in March, 1862, it moved to Hunter's mills, Alexandria, Manassas, Falmouth and Fredericksburg. In June, it participated in the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' mills and Glendale, where Colonel Simmons was killed. At the second Bull Run, South Mountain and Antietam the regiment did brave work, and then with the 3d brigade took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, losing heavily. Ordered to Washington in February, 1863, the regiment remained there until the Gettysburg campaign, when it showed great bravery in the battle and took part in the pursuit which followed. The winter was spent at Alexandria and in May, 1864, with the Army of the Potomac it took part in the Wilderness campaign. The 34th participated in the battles of that month and returned early in June, to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on the 11th, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 191st Pa. infantry.

Thirty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, W. W. Ricketts, William Sinclair, Wellington H. Ent; Lieut.-Colonels, William Penrose, Henry B. McKean, Wellington H. Ent, William D. Dickson; Majors, Henry J. Madill, Wellington H. Ent, William H. H. Gore. The 35th, the 6th of the reserves, composed of men from all parts of the state, was ordered with the Kane rifles to Maryland, then to Greencastle, Pa., Washington and Tennallytown. It was mustered it at Washington for three years on July 27, and at Tennallytown was assigned to the 3d brigade of the reserve corps. This brigade won the brilliant victory at Dranesville in December and passed an uneventful winter in camp near Langley. It took part in the strategic movements on the Peninsula in the spring of 1862 and was actively engaged at the second Bull Run, South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, where the losses of the 35th were severe. It then went into camp near Belle Plain; took part in the "Mud March;" was ordered to Alexandria in February, 1863, and to Fairfax Station in March, where it remained until the Gettysburg campaign. It was closely engaged in that battle, joined in the pursuit of the enemy and the various marches of the army during the autumn, and went into winter quarters at Kettle Run early in December. In the spring of 1864 it participated in the engagements of the Wilderness campaign in May and fought its final battle at Bethesda Church. After that engagement the regiment started for Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on June 11, 1864, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 191st Pa. infantry.

Thirty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Elisha B. Harvey, H. C. Bolinger; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph Totten, H. C. Bolinger, R. M. Henderson, Chauncey A. Lyman; Majors, Chauncey A. Lyman, LeGrand B. Speece. This regiment was the 7th of the reserves. It was organized at West Chester, ordered to Washington on July 21, 1861, and there mustered into the U. S. service on the 27th for a three years' term. At Tennallytown, in August, it was assigned to the 2nd brigade of the reserves under Brigadier-General George G. Meade. Stationed at Great Falls and later at Tennallytown, the troops constantly expected an engagement with the forces in the vicinity, but none occurred until the affair at Dranesville, Virginia, in December, in which the 3d brigade won a victory, but the 2nd arrived too late to participate. At Mechanicsville the part of the regiment was not important, but at Gaines' mill it was in the thick of the fight and its losses were heavy. It was active at Glendale; in reserve at Malvern hill; met with heavy losses at Antietam, and made a gallant dash at Fredericksburg, where the flag of the 19th Ga. was captured by Corp. Jacob Cart, the only trophy gained in the battle. _ Cart received a medal of honor for his bravery. On December 17, 1862, the regiment went into winter quarters at Belle Plain, but left them to join in the "Mud March," and in February, 1863, was ordered to Washington for rest and to recruit. It remained at or near Alexandria throughout that year and the first months of the following year, and then joined the Army of the Potomac in the Wilderness campaign. The 36th was then attached to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 5th corps, and at the Wilderness a large detachment of the regiment was cut off and made prisoners. Of the 272 captured many never returned from their prisons. The remaining battalion was with the army until June, participating in the hard fighting of the month. The veterans and recruits were then transferred to the 190th Pa. infantry, and the regiment was mustered out at Philadelphia on June 16, 1864. Out of the fine body of men who had made up the 36th but few returned for muster out . Those few, however, were greeted with the appreciation so well earned by their heroism.

Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, George S. Hays, Silas M. Bailey; Lieut.-Colonels, S. Duncan Oliphant, William Lemon; Majors, J. B. Gardner, J. W. Duncan, S. M. Bailey, Robert E. Johnston, George S. Gallupe. The 37th, the 8th reserve regiment, was organized at Pittsburg and there mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term on June 28, 1861. It rendezvoused at Camp Wright, near Pittsburg, until ordered to Washington on July 20, and there encamped until August 2, when it reported to General McCall at Tennallytown and was assigned to the 1st brigade, Pa. reserve corps, under Brigadier-General John F. Reynolds. Winter quarters were established at Langley, Virginia, and the brigade encamped there from October 9, 1861, to the spring of 1862, when it was attached to the 1st corps and held at Washington until the other troops had embarked for the Peninsula. Late in May the regiment joined the army and took part in the battle of Mechanicsville, with great loss, and also in the battle of Gaines' mill, but was in reserve at Malvern hill. In August it joined General Pope's army and shared in the battle of the second Bull Run. Then, under McClellan, it fought at South mountain and Antietam, and was at Fredericksburg under General Burnside. In all these fierce engagements the 37th fought nobly and became tried and reliable veterans. In the advance at Fredericksburg the conduct of the command was heroic, but after the day was over only half of the regiment was able to report for duty. On February 8, 1863, the 37th was ordered with the rest of the reserves to the defenses of Washington for a needed rest, and here it was stationed until April 19, 1864, when it left for the front . After a week in camp at Bristoe Station it shared in the battle of the Wilderness, and in the subsequent actions of that campaign until May 17, when it was relieved, the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 191st Pa. infantry, and the remainder ordered home. The regiment was mustered out at Pittsburg, May 24, 1864.

Thirty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Conrad F. Jackson, Robert Anderson; Lieut.-Colonels, Robert Anderson, J. McK Snodgrass; Majors, J. McK. Snodgrass, Charles Barnes. The 38th, or the 9th reserve, was composed of eight companies from Allegheny county, one from Crawford and one. from Beaver. It was organized at Camp Wright, near Pittsburg, and left there on July 22 for Washington, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term on the 28th. On August 5, it was sent to Tennallytown; was assigned to picket duty at Great Falls for a week in September; went into winter quarters at Langley, and was attached to the 3d brigade of the reserve corps under Colonel John S. McCalmont . This brigade, under General Ord, won its first battle at Dranesville, where Ord recommended 71 officers and men of the 38th "For reward for their gallant conduct." On Mar. 15, 1862, the regiment left Langley, joined the army on the Peninsula, took part in the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill and Glendale, losing heavily. After a most fatiguing march the division joined General Pope's army and participated in the second battle of Bull Run. It was then with General McClellan at Antietam, where Samuel Johnson of Co. G captured the flag of the Texan Rangers, for which he was awarded a medal of honor. At Fredericksburg, General Jackson, the first colonel of the regiment, commanding the brigade, was mortally wounded. Soon after this battle the reserves were ordered to Washington to rest and recruit and in June, 1863, the 1st and 3d brigades were assigned to the 5th corps. General Sykes took command and the division fought valiantly at Gettysburg, many of the men near their own homes. The regiment joined in the pursuit of the enemy and the movements of the Army of the Potomac during the summer and the Mine Run campaign. At the beginning of the battle of the Wilderness, May 4, 1864, it was relieved and returned to Washington. It left at once for home and was mustered out at Pittsburg, May 13, 1864, when the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 190th Pa. infantry.

Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, John S. McCalmont, James T. Kirk, Adoniram J. Warner; Lieut.-Colonels, James T. Kirk, Adoniram J. Warner, James B. Knox, Ira Ayer, Jr.; Majors, Harrison Allen, Sion B. Smith, ra Ayer, Jr., C. Miller Over. This was the 10th reserve regiment and was composed of men from the western part of the state, who rendezvoused at Camp Wilkins, Pittsburg^ It left camp on July 18, 1861, for Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on the 21st for a three years' term, and then moved to Washington. On August 1 it was sent to Tennallytown, and after a short service at Great Falls was assigned to the 3d brigade. This brigade made its winter quarters at Langley; fought at Dranesville in December; was ordered to the Peninsula in the spring of 1862; took part in the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill, Glendale, the second Bull Run, South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg and won many laurels. After Fredericksburg the reserves were ordered to Washington to recuperate, and in June, 1863, side by side with its old comrades of the 3d brigade, the 39th fought at Gettysburg, afterward joining in the pursuit of the enemy. The regiment remained with the Army of the Potomac through the winter; took part in the Mine Run campaign; engaged at the Wilderness in May, 1864, and then fought at Spottsylvania, Totopotomoy, and Bethesda Church. Soon after the last named action the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 190th and 191st Pa. infantry and the regiment returned to Pittsburg, where it was mustered out on June 11, 1864.

Fortieth Infantry.—Colonels, T. F. Gallagher, Samuel M. Jackson; Lieut. Colonels, James R. Porter, Samuel M. Jackson, Daniel S. Porter, Robert A. McCoy; Majors, S. M. Jackson, Robert Litzinger, Peter A. Johns, James P. Speer, Robert A. McCoy, James C. Burke. The 40th, the 11th reserve regiment, was composed of men from the western part of the state, who rendezvoused at Camp Wright, near Pittsburg. On June 24, 1861, the regiment left camp and proceeded to Harrisburg, thence to Washington, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on the 29th and 30th for a three years' term. In July it was ordered to the camp of the reserves at Tennallytown, assigned to the 2nd brigade of the reserve corps and stationed at Great Falls, where it had a skirmish with the enemy posted on the other side of the Potomac . Winter quarters were established near Langley, Virginia, and much enthusiasm was aroused by the victory at Dranesville, though the 2nd brigade arrived too late to participate. The regiment served on the Peninsula in the corps under General Fitz John Porter; was present at the battles of Mechanicsville, and Gaines' mill, where the regiment met with disaster, though it held its ground in the face of the enemy's fire until the troops on both sides were driven back. The smoke and the density of the wood in which the battle raged prevented the troops from observing that they were being cut off, and when surrounded they endeavored to fight their way back. This became impossible and the regiment was captured 'after losing 46 men killed and 109 wounded. One company of the regiment under Captain Porter, escaped capture, having been detailed on special duty. This company, representing the regiment, fought at Glendale and shared in the second battle of Bull Run, attached to the 3d brigade. At South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, the depleted ranks of the 40th conducted themselves gallantly. In February, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Washington to rest and recruit . With the 5th corps it shared in the Gettysburg campaign, the pursuit of the Confederate army, the skirmishes at Bristoe and Rappahannock Stations and the Mine Run campaign. The reserves were posted on guard duty along the Orange & Alexandria railroad during the winter of 1863-64, the 40th being encamped at Warrenton Junction and Bristoe Station. Beginning with the Wilderness, the regiment engaged in the battles of the Army of the Potomac during May, 1864, its last engagement being at Bethesda Church, after which the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 190th Pa. infantry and the regiment returned to Pittsburg, where it was mustered out on June 14, 1864.

Forty-first Infantry.—Colonels, John H. Taggart, Martin D. Hardin; Lieut.-Colonels, Samuel N. Bailey, Martin D. Hardin, Peter Baldy, Richard Gustin; Majors, Peter Baldy, Andrew J. Bolar, Charles W. Diven. This regiment, the 12th reserve, was organized at Harrisburg, mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin. for three years on August 10, 1861, and performed its first active duty guarding the state arsenal, which was endangered by the disaffected three months' troops, who had recently been discharged. In August, it reported at the camp of the reserves, Tennallytown, Maryland, and was attached to the 3d brigade. It encamped at Langley; shared in the success at Dranesville in December; was detached for guard duty at Catlett's station, in April, 1862, and then joined in the battles on the Peninsula. At Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill and Glendale it won a reputation for steadiness and bravery. The regiment remained in the 3d brigade in the campaigns which followed, engaging at the second Bull Run, South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg and returned with the reserves to Washington for the winter of 1862-63. It fought at Gettysburg, Bristoe and Rappahannock Stations and Mine Run, and spent the winter near Catlett's station. It participated in the battles of the Wilderness campaign in May, 1864, the battle of Bethesda Church being its final engagement, after which the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 190th Pa. infantry and the regiment returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on June 11, 1864.

Forty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Charles J. Biddle, Thomas L. Kane, Hugh W. McNeil, Charles F. Taylor; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas L. Kane, Edward A. Irvin, Alanson E. Niles; Majors, Roy Stone, Alanson E. Niles, William R. Hartshorn. The 42nd, also known as the 1st rifles and the 13th reserves, was composed of woodsmen and hunters from different parts of the state, the nucleus being a company from the "Wildcat" district known as the "Bucktails." In honor of Colonel Kane, who resigned his office in favor of Lieut.-Colonel Biddle, an experienced officer, the regiment was named by special order of the war department, "The Kane rifle regiment of the Pa. reserve corps." The command was known, however, throughout its term of service as the "Bucktails," on account of the bucktails worn by the men in their hats. In June, 1861, the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, for a three years' term. On June 21, it was ordered to Cumberland and took part in the ensuing campaign, engaging the enemy at New creek. Returning to Harrisburg on July 27, the regiment was next ordered to Harper's Ferry and brigaded with the 28th N. Y., the 2nd and 12th Mass. and 2nd U. S. cavalry. It remained with this command until October 1, when it joined the reserves at Tennallytown, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, and with Ord's brigade shared in the success at Dranesville. In March, with the 1st corps, the Bucktails took part in the marches and countermarches of the reserves; in May a detachment of four companies under Lieut.-Colonel Kane joined Colonel Bayard's cavalry in an expedition to Hanover Court House; it was next sent to aid General Fremont's force in the Shenandoah valley, where from May 25 to June 6, the Bucktails led the pursuit of the enemy and were almost constantly engaged. On June 6, near Harrisonburg, the Bucktails charged a large force of Confederates and held their ground nobly in expectation of reinforcements; but as none appeared the gallant command lost half its number, including the heroic Martin Kelly, who sacrificed his life by exposing himself for a target to draw the fire of the Confederate troops. The detachment took part in the battle of Cross Keys and was highly praised by its leader. After the battle of Cedar mountain the four companies fought at the second Bull Run and joined the regiment on Sept . 7, 1862. In the meantime the remaining six companies shared in the campaign on the Peninsula, participating in the actions at Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill and Glendale. The reunited regiment was active at South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. losing heavily. When the reserves were ordered to Washington in February, 1863, the Bucktails with the 1st brigade, encamped at Fairfax Court House. They remained with this brigade through the Gettysburg campaign, fighting as usual in the advance. Their most brilliant success at the battle was the capture of a large number of the 15th Georgia, with their colors. The Bucktails joined in the pursuit which followed, engaging in numerous skirmishes, and went into winter quarters at Bristoe Station. In the spring campaign of 1864 they performed their usual valiant service in the constant engagements during May, and after the transfer of the veterans and recruits to the 190th Pa. infantry returned to Harrisburg, where they were mustered out, June 11, 1864.

First Light Artillery.—Colonels, Charles T. Campbell, R. M. West, R . Bruce Ricketts; Lieut.-Colonels, H. T. Danforth, Edward H. Flood, James Brady; Majors, A. E. Lewis, James Brady, R M. West, E. W. Matthews, James H. Cooper, Robert B. Ricketts, Theodore Miller. The 1st artillery, the 43d regiment of the line and the 14th reserve, was composed of four companies, who volunteered under the first call for troops, and four that were added later when the reserve corps was organized. The first eight companies were organized at Philadelphia in June, 1861, and mustered in for three years' service. Battery I was attached to the regiment on March 2, 1865. Battery E, with the 5th and the Bucktails, was sent to West Virginia on June 21, 1861, but returned to Harrisburg after a month with that expedition. The regiment was ordered to Washington in August, equipped and quartered at Camp Barry, from which camp the batteries were assigned to different points and never served as a united body. Battery A was ordered to the camp of the reserves at Tennallytown; was engaged at Dranesville in December; wintered at Langley; continued with the reserves, and took part in the battles of Gaines' mill, the second Bull Run, South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. When the reserves were relieved and ordered to Washington, the battery was temporarily attached to the 3d division, 1st corps, but was soon assigned to a new command, the Army of Virginia, which it supported for a considerable period. When Richmond was evacuated it was on duty in the city until July, 1865, when it was mustered out at Harrisburg on the 25th. The original members who did not reenlist, were mustered out, May 29, 1864.

Battery B was ordered to Tennallytown on August 14, 1861, and attached to the 1st brigade. It was with the reserves at Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill and Glendale, and was also in action at the second Bull Run, South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. It shared the difficulties of the "Mud March," remained near Fredericksburg during the winter of 186263 and the next summer its guns boomed at Gettysburg. It then moved south with the Army of the Potomac; was with it in the Mine Run campaign; and finally went into winter quarters at Paoli's mills, where a number of the men reenlisted. The remainder were mustered out on June 28, 1864. The battery remained with the Army of the Potomac in the Wilderness campaign, taking part in numerous engagements, and then proceeded to Petersburg, where it arrived on June 17. Here it remained during the siege, participating in the attack on the Weldon railroad, and being often in active service during the winter of 1864-65. In the final assault in April, 1865, the guns of Battery B did good execution. After the fall of Petersburg the battery was ordered to City Point and remained there until May 3, when it left for Washington. On June 9, 1865, the men were mustered out at Harrisburg.

Battery C took part in the skirmish at Chain bridge on the Potomac in the early autumn of 1861; was attached to the artillery brigade of Buell's division, defenses of Washington, and on March 10, 1862, was assigned to Couch's division, 4th corps. It participated in the campaign on the Peninsula, including the operations before Yorktown, the battle of Seven Pines and an engagement with cavalry at Glendale. With the 6th corps it was in action at Antietam and was posted on Stafford heights during the battle of Fredericksburg. Early in 1863 Battery C was united with Battery D.

Battery D was first assigned to Buell's division; took part in the campaign on the Peninsula with Couch's division, 4th corps, being engaged in the siege of Yorktown, the battle of Seven Pines and the short action at Glendale. On July 4 it was selected to fire a national salute. During the remainder of the year it continued in company with Battery C and after they were consolidated, it shelled the works on Marye's heights during the battle of Chancellorsville. After Gettysburg, Battery D was ordered to join the Army of the Shenandoah at Harper's Ferry and was engaged at Cedar creek. It was posted on Maryland heights during the rest of its term of service with a detachment of new recruits who composed a new Battery C. On June 29 and 30, 1865, at Harrisburg, these two batteries were mustered out of service. Battery E was assigned to duty at Chain bridge with Battery C; then to Buell's division; next to Couch's division, with which it took part in the same movements on the Peninsula as Battery D. With Battery H it covered the rear after the battle of Gaines' mill, but was not engaged with Batteries C and D at Glendale. After the Peninsular campaign Batteries E and H garrisoned Yorktown and Gloucester. In 1863, Battery E was in action at Drewry's bluff with the Army of the James. It was present at the siege of Petersburg and was assigned to duty in Richmond after the evacuation of the city. On July 4, 1865, it was ordered home and was mustered out at Philadelphia on the 20th.

Battery F was ordered to Tennallytown in August, 1861, but in September joined General Banks' army at Darnestown, Maryland, which ended its connection with the reserves. On December 20 a detachment under Lieut. Ricketts was engaged at Dam No. 5 on the Upper Potomac and again in January, 1862, at Hancock. On February 20, 1862, the battery was united at Hagerstown; in March it moved up the Shenandoah valley with General Banks and was engaged at Bunker Hill and Newtown. On March 21 it was assigned to Abercrombie's brigade and part of the battery joined in a reconnoissance to Rappahannock Station, where it engaged the enemy. General Hartsuff succeeded Abercrombie on May 1 and took the brigade to Front Royal, hoping to connect with General Fremont and cut off Stonewall Jackson. Failing in this the force returned to Warrenton. The battery was engaged at Cedar mountain, the crossing of the Rappahannock the next day, and a section fought at Thoroughfare gap. It then moved to Bull Run, in which battle it met with disaster, as after that day only one gun in possession of a handful of men remained. In reserve at Chantilly and South mountain, the battery opened the battle at Antietam, after which, in spite of some additions, it was in sad condition from its continued hard service. It was in action at Falmouth for several days after its arrival there in December, and went into winter quarters at Belle Plain, where, in January, 1863, it was assigned to the 3d division, 1st corps. After taking part in the battle of Chancellorsville, the battery was. attached to General Tyler's reserve artillery and started for Gettysburg.

Battery G was attached to Battery F on June 1, and together they were engaged at Gettysburg, in a heroic resistance of the Louisiana Tigers in their historic charge. The losses were terrible but the guns were saved. On July 12 the battery was transferred to the 2nd corps, with which it joined in the pursuit of the enemy, the Mine Run campaign, the Wilderness campaign, and the siege of Petersburg. It was mustered out at Harrisburg, June 9, 1865. Battery G was ordered to join the reserves at Tennallytown; participated with the reserves in the battles on the Peninsula, the second Bull Run and Fredericksburg. The loss at Bull Run was 3 men killed and 21 wounded, besides 4 guns, 2 caissons, 2 limbers and 27 horses captured. The battery returned to Washington for a new equipment and was in condition for effective service at Fredericksburg. It shared in the battle of Chancellorsville in the spring of 1863 and then became a section of Battery F until April 3, 1864, when it was ordered to Washington, newly equipped and posted at Arlington. On July 3, it was ordered to Point of Rocks, where it was stationed, the men armed with muskets, until December 12. The muskets were then exchanged for 6 guns and the battery was stationed on Maryland heights until April 16, 1865, when it turned in its guns and joined the defenses of Washington. Again armed with muskets the men were stationed at Fort Foote during the remainder of their service. They were mustered out at Philadelphia June 29, 1865.

Battery H was associated with Batteries D and E during the Peninsular campaign. In July it was made a reserve battery of the 4th corps. In June, 1863, it was ordered to Washington and posted at Camp Barry as a reserve battery. In May, 1864, it was dismounted and posted at Fort Whipple. In the winter of 1864 it was sent to Fort Marcy near Chain bridge on the Potomac, and later to Edwards' ferry. It was mustered out of the service at Philadelphia, June 27, 1865.

Battery I, added to the regiment on March 2, 1865, was ordered to the defenses of Washington and remained there until mustered out at Philadelphia on July 1.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, George D. Bayard, Owen Jones, J. P. Taylor, H. S. Thomas; Lieut.-Colonels, Jacob Higgins, Owen Jones, S. D. Barrows, J. P. Taylor, David Gardner, Richard J. Falls; Majors, Owen Jones, Richard Byrnes, S. D. Barrows, Richard J. Falls, Thomas S. Richards, T. H. Ray, David Gardner, William T. McEwen, James M. Gaston, H. S. Thomas. The 44th regiment, the 15th reserve, was a cavalry regiment, of which seven companies rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and three at Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburg. Cos. L and M were mustered in as separate companies. Ten companies proceeded to Washington in July and August, 1861, and their organization was completed in September, when they were mustered into the U. S. service for three years. Co. L was mustered in on July 30, and Co. M, on August 5, 1861. The regiment was stationed at Tennallytown until October 10, when it moved to Camp Pierpont, Virginia. In November it made a raid on Dranesville and five companies participated in the battle there in December. On January 7, 1862, the independent companies, L and M, which had been at Baltimore, joined the regiment. In the spring of 1862, after some skirmishing near Falmouth, the regiment joined in the pursuit of Jackson's army up the Shenandoah Valley, constantly annoying the Confederate rear-guard and participating in the battles of Harrisonburg and Cross Keys. Returning to Manassas, the regiment, after a short rest, joined General Pope's army, guarded the fords of the Rapidan during the crossing of the army, fought at Cedar mountain, Gainesville, the second Bull Run and Fredericksburg, and went into winter quarters at Belle Plain. It shared in the dismal "Mud March," broke camp on April 12, 1863, and was engaged at Brandy Station, Beverly Ford and Aldie. At Gettysburg the 1st was assigned to General Meade's headquarters and guarded the reserve artillery in the movements following the battle. Co. H, which was attached to the 6th corps from February 22, 1863, fought at Marye's heights and Gettysburg and was united with the regiment on August 15. The 1st was active in the engagements at Shepherdstown, Culpeper, Auburn, and in the Mine Run movement. On May 5, 1864, it was engaged at Todd's tavern and then joined in General Sheridan's raid upon Richmond, fighting at Childsburg, Ashland, Hungary Station, Yellow tavern and Richmond heights. The enemy was also encountered at Haw's shop and Barker's mills. The next movement of General Sheridan was the Trevilian raid, in which some miles of the Virginia Central railroad were destroyed and the enemy encountered at White House and St. Mary's church. During the siege of Petersburg the regiment was active at Ream's station, Malvern hill, Lee's mill. Gravel hill and again at Reams' station, which was its final battle. On September 9, 1864, the 44th was mustered out at Philadelphia, the veterans and recruits were made a battalion of four companies and finally organized with the veterans of the 6th and 17th cavalry into the 2nd provisional cavalry. This organization was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, August 17, 1865.

Forty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas Welsh, John L. Curtin; Lieut. Colonels, James A. Beaver, John I. Curtin, Francis M. Hills, Theodore Gregg; Majors, J. M. Kilbourne, John I. Curtin, Edward A. Kelsey, Theodore Gregg, John F. Trout. The 45th regiment, recruited in the counties of Center, Lancaster, Mifflin, Tioga and Wayne, was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term, October 21, 1861, at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. Arriving in Washington on October 23, it was assigned to Howard's brigade, Casey's division, and went into camp on the Bladensburg road. On November 19, it embarked for Fortress Monroe, where it remained at Camp Hamilton until December 6. It then sailed for Port Royal, S. C., where it occupied Bay Point, Otter and Fenwick Islands. Six companies were stationed on North Edisto island in May, 1862, and on June 1, three companies were sent to John's island. The remainder of the regiment, with the exception of the companies stationed at Bay Point, followed to John's island and on the 9th, the command sailed for James island near Charlestown, where it shared in the engagements and then returned to Hilton Head. Here the regiment was reunited and embarked for Fortress Monroe on July 21, encamping on its arrival near Newport News. Early in August, with the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, nine companies moved to Brooks' station and returned to Acquia creek, destroying railroad property and commissary stores. On September 6, it embarked for Washington; joined the Army of the Potomac and participated in the battle of South mountain, but was held in reserve at Fredericksburg. The 45th was in camp at Falmouth until February 12, 1863, then at Newport News until May 22, when it was ordered west . It arrived at Jamestown, Kentucky, on June 1, but was at once obliged to continue its journey to Vicksburg. It was posted at Haines' bluff, and from there joined in the pursuit of the foe to Jackson.' Returning to Vicksburg on July 21, the regiment embarked for Cairo, then proceeded to East Tennessee and was engaged at Blue Springs. It participated in the siege of Knoxville and the arduous pursuit which followed. In January, 1864, 426 members of the 45th reenlisted and were granted a veteran furlough, but took the field again in May. In the Wilderness campaign, with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps, the 45th engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river and Cold Harbor. It joined in the siege of Petersburg and in the assault of June 18, the 1st brigade was in the advance. General Burnside's official report says: "No better fighting was done in the war than by the divisions of Potter and Willcox in this attack." At the attack on the Weldon railroad, the explosion of the mine and the battle at Poplar Spring Church, the conduct of the 45th was heroic. Corp. Frank Hogan of Co. A won a medal of honor for the capture of the flag of the 6th Virginia in the action at the mine. In the many engagements of the summer the losses of the regiment were severe. At Poplar Spring Church the remnant of the troops were surrounded and after a desperate attempt to fight their way out were captured. With the addition of recruits the regiment participated in the action at Hatcher's run in October, 1864, and in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. It joined in the pursuit, took part in the grand review of the Union army at Washington, and was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, July 17, 1865.

Forty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Joseph F. Knipe, James L. Selfridge; Lieut.-Colonels, James L. Selfridge, William L. Foulke; Majors, Arnold C. Lewis, J. A. Matthews, Cyrus Strouse, Patrick Griffith. The 46th was composed of the Logan Guards of Mifflin county, Co. A of the 1st militia, Co. E of the 15th, two companies from Allegheny county, one from Berks, two from Potter, one from Luzerne and one from Northumberland. It was mustered in for three years at Harrisburg, October 31, 1861, and was ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division of General Banks' force. Three companies participated in the engagement at Kernstown in February, 1862, and the entire regiment in the battle at Winchester. Banks' army then joined the Army of Virginia and the 46th participated in the battles of Cedar mountain and Antietam, losing heavily. The regiment was at Fairfax during the battle of Fredericksburg and wintered at Falmouth. With the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 12th corps, the regiment fought at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg and remained with the Army of the Potomac until it reached the Rapidan, when the 11th and 12th corps were ordered to join General Rosecrans in Tennessee. The 46th was posted on guard duty along the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad between Bridgeport and Chattanooga. In January, 1864, many of the men reenlisted and the regiment continued in the field as a veteran organization. With General Sherman on the march to Atlanta, it shared in the many battles of that historic movement and continued with the army through the march to the sea and to Washington. The regiment was mustered out at Alexandria, July 16, 1865.

Forty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Tilghman H. Good, J. P. S. Gobin; Lieut.-Colonels, G. W. Alexander, J. P. S. Gobin, Charles W. Abbott; Majors, William H. Gansler, J. P. S. Gobin, John J. Goebel, George Stroop, Levi Stuber. The 47th, three companies of which had served in the 1st regiment, one in the 2nd, one in the 9th, one in the 11th and one in the 25th, was mustered in at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, from August 19 to September 20, 1861, for three years. It was ordered to Washington and encamped at Kalorama heights until September 28, when it was ordered to Fort Ethan Allen and attached to the 3d brigade of General W. F. Smith's division. Under Geo. Brannan the brigade embarked for Key West on January 27, 1862, and remained there until June, when it moved to Hilton Head, S. C., where it performed picket duty until ordered to join General Brannan's expedition to open up the St. John s river. When this was accomplished, it returned to Hilton Head and engaged the enemy at Pocotaligo, where the troops were highly praised for their efficient service. Ordered again to Key West on November 15, the regiment garrisoned Forts Taylor and Jefferson until sent to Franklin, Louisiana, in February, 1864. Here it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 19th corps, and joined the Red River expedition, engaging at Sabine cross-roads, Pleasant Hill, and Cane Hill, after which it returned to Alexandria and spent some time aiding in the construction of a dam across the channel of the Red River. On Tune 20, it moved to New Orleans and there embarked for Washington. With the 1st division, 19th corps, it took part in the battles of the Opequan and Cedar creek. Winter quarters were constructed near Winchester, but on December 20, the regiment proceeded to Charlestown and again went into winter quarters, this time at Camp Fairview. In April, 1865, it was ordered to Fort Stevens near Washington and participated in the grand review of the Union army. On June 1 it was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, to Charleston in July, and finally home in January, 1866.

Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, James Nagle, Joshua K. Siegfried, Henry Pleasants, George W. Gowen, Isaac F. Brannon; Lieut.-Colonels, David A. Smith, Joshua K. Siegfried, Henry Pleasants, George W. Gowen, Isaac F. Brannon, Richard M. Jones; Majors, Joshua K. Siegfried, Daniel Nagle, James Wren, Joseph A. Gilmore, O. C. Bosbyshell, Isaac F. Brannon, William J. Hinkle, Richard M. Jones, Jacob Wagner. The 48th regiment, composed of Schuylkill county men, was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term, in September, 1861, at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. It embarked at Baltimore on Sept . 25 for Fortress Monroe and arrived there the next day. Remaining here until November 11, it was ordered to Hatreras island, N. C., and made its winter quarters in that vicinity. It shared in the victory at Roanoke island in February, 1862, after which four companies were detailed to garrison the fort at Hatteras island and the remainder of the regiment sailed for New Berne. This detachment rendered valuable service during the battle of New Berne in transporting ammunition for the troops engaged. With the 1st brigade of General Reno's division, the entire regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, where it arrived on July 8, 1862. In August it joined General Pope's army at Culpeper; participated in the battles of the second Bull Run, Chantilly, South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg, fighting valiantly in every engagement and winning many compliments for gallantry. On February 11, 1863, the 48th was ordered to Newport News, remaining there until late in March, when it proceeded to Lexington, Kentucky, where it was posted on guard duty from April 1 to September 10. It was then ordered to East Tennessee and assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps, with which it engaged at Blue Springs, Campbell's station and Knoxville. In December many of the regiment reenlisted and the 48th continued in the field as a veteran organization after the usual veteran furlough. In the same brigade as heretofore it shared in the arduous Wilderness campaign, repeatedly in action and suffering heavy losses. It proceeded to Petersburg and joined in a successful assault on an outpost the 17th of June, in which Sergt. Patrick Monahan of Co. F and Private Robert Reid of Co. G received medals of honor for gallantry. The month of July was spent in excavating the mine that was exploded July 30, with such terrible effect. The men were without adequate tools for such labor and it was only accomplished by the utmost endurance and persistence. For this work they were complimented in orders by General Meade. On August 2, the regiment was attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps, with which it engaged the enemy at Poplar Spring Church. In December the regiment was stationed at Fort Sedgwick, where it remained until April 2, 1865, when it joined the assault on Fort Mahone, after which it occupied Petersburg and was detailed to guard prisoners, etc., until the middle of July, when it returned to Alexandria and was mustered out on July 17, 1865.

Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, William H. Irwin, Thomas M. Hulings, B. J. Hickman, A. W. Wakefield; Lieut.-Colonels, William Brisbane, Thomas M. Hulings, John B. Miles, B. J. Hickman, A. W. Wakefield, James T. Stuart; Majors, Thomas M. Hulings, John B. Miles, B. J. Hickman, A. W. Wakefield, James T. Stuart, F. W. Wombacker. The 49th was recruited in the counties of Center, Chester, Huntingdon, Mifflin and Juniata, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, Sept . 14, 1861, for a three years' term. It was ordered to Washington on Sept . 22, assigned to the 1st brigade of General W. F. Smith's division, 4th corps, and camped during the winter near Lewinsville. It joined in the campaign on the Peninsula early in 1862, performing various siege duties at Yorktown, and fighting at Williamsburg, Garnett's and Golding's farms, White Oak swamp and Malvern hill. On August 16, the regiment was sent to Alexandria, where it was attached to Franklin's corps, which joined the Army of the Potomac at Centerville and proceeded to Antietam, engaging the enemy on the way at Crampton's gap. During this battle the 49th was held in reserve, as it was also at Fredericksburg in December. Winter quarters were established at White Oak Church and on January 9, 1864, the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of four companies, which participated in the "Mud March." Colonel Irwin added enough new recruits to the regiment in April to restore it to its old organization and it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 6th corps, with which it remained until the end of its service. It was active at Salem Church, present at Deep run, active at Gettysburg, and then joined in the southward movement of the army. It was engaged at Rappahannock Station, and was mentioned in orders for gallantry. It joined in the Mine Run movement, after which it went into winter quarters at Hazel Run, where 260 of its members reenlisted and with the addition of recruits and drafted men the regiment was continued as a veteran organization. On May 4, 1864, it broke camp and the next day the command was in the heat of the action at the Wilderness. At Laurel hill the regiment made a most daring assault, but at fearful cost. Colonel Hulings, Lieut.-Colonel Miles, 2 other officers and 61 men being killed and 5 officers and 195 men wounded or missing. The next engagement was the assault on the angle at Spottsylvania. The loss up to the 14th of the month when only 130 men were able to report for duty, was 392 killed, wounded or missing. At Cold Harbor the loss was 8 killed and 20 wounded. The regiment proceeded with the army to Petersburg and on July 11, was ordered to Washington, which was threatened by General Early. It followed Early to the Shenandoah river and then returned to Washington, but had scarcely arrived when news of Early's advance upon Crook caused it to return to Harper's Ferry. It was active at the battle of Winchester; was posted on guard in the city for a time; then ordered again to Petersburg; shared in the action at Hatcher's run, and made its winter quarters at Fort Wadsworth. It took part in the final assault on Petersburg; was in the cavalry fight at Sailor's creek; was then detailed to guard prisoners to Appomattox; next ordered to Danville, where it remained for a month, and then returned to Washington, where it arrived June 2 and remained until mustered out at Hall's hill, July 15, 1865.

Fiftieth Infantry.—Colonels, Benjamin C. Christ, William H. Telford; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas S. Brenholtz, Edward Overton, Jr., William H. Telford, Samuel K. Schwenk; Majors, Edward Overton, Jr., Samuel K. Schwenk, George W. Brumm. The 50th regiment, recruited in the counties of Berks, Schuylkill, Bradford, Susquehanna, Lancaster and Luzerne, was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, October 1, 1861, for three years. It left Camp Curtin the next day for Washington, after which it moved to Annapolis and joined the expedition to South Carolina, being assigned to Stevens' brigade. The command camped near Hilton Head until December 6, when it occupied Beaufort and had a slight skirmish with the enemy the following day. On January 1, 1862, the brigade crossed the Coosaw river and captured a fort. In May an attempt was made to destroy the railroad bridge at old Pocotaligo, which was unsuccessful in spite of the gallantry of the regiment. On July 12 it embarked for Fortress Monroe and on its arrival was attached to the 9th corps and ordered to join General Pope on the Rapidan. Several skirmishes ensued at the fords of the Rapidan and Rappahannock. At the second Bull Run, Chantilly, South mountain and Antietam it fought gallantly and sustained heavy losses. It was present at Fredericksburg but not in the battle. It was then ordered to join the Army of the Ohio, advanced to Vicksburg, where it was posted on Haines Bluff, and after the siege followed General Sherman to Jackson, where it was engaged and lost its brave Lieut. Colonel Brenholtz. In the southern campaign the men suffered much from malaria and on August 10. such as were able returned to Kentucky. They were active at the battle of Blue Springs, Tenn., in October and in November at Lenoir Station and Campbell's station, near Knoxville, and the attack on Fort Sanders. The regiment shared in the pursuit of Longstreet as far as Blaine's cross-roads, when it was ordered to Nicholasville and the reenlisted men were sent home on veteran furlough. In spite of the hardships of the winter nearly the entire regiment reenlisted and on March 20, 1864, reported at Annapolis, the rendezvous of the 9th corps. The 50th was attached to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, of this corps, which joined the Army of the Potomac at the Rapidan on May 5, and engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river and Cold Harbor. At Petersburg it was in support of the troops that made the assault after the mine explosion; joined in the engagement at the Weldon railroad, and in the final assault on the city, April 2, 1865. About the middle of April it proceeded to Washington and remained there until June 30, when it was ordered to Gettysburg to represent the infantry of the Union army at the corner stone ceremonies of the National Monument, July 4, and returned to camp at Georgetown, where it was mustered out on July 31, 1865.

Fifty-first Infantry.—Colonels, John F. Hartranft, Edwin Schall, William J. Bolton; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas S. Bell, Edwin Schall, William Allebaugh; Majors, Edwin Schall, William J. Bolton, Lane S. Hart, Joseph K. Bolton. This regiment was recruited during the summer and fall of 1861 by Colonel Hartranft for three years' service, most of the officers and men having served for the three months' term. Cos. A, C, D, F and I were recruited in Montgomery county; E, H and K in Union and Snyder; G in Center and B in Northampton. The place of rendezvous was Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and the regimental organization was completed on November 16, 1861. Two days later it left for Annapolis, Maryland, where it remained, perfecting itself in drill and discipline, until January 6, 1862, when it was assigned to the 2nd brigade (General Reno), Burnside's corps, embarked as a part of Burnside's expedition to North Carolina, and landed at Roanoke island on February 7. It shared in the capture of the enemy's works here on the 8th and was active at the battle of New Berne, N. C., in March, where it executed a gallant charge. It was again active in the battle of Camden, losing 3 killed and 21 wounded. It returned to Fortress Monroe in July and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps. General Ferrero commanding the brigade. It was active at the second Bull Run and Chantilly, and in September, 1862, moved with the 9th corps on the Maryland campaign. It skirmished with the enemy's cavalry at Frederick, Maryland; was hotly engaged at South mountain and again at Antietam, where its losses were 125, including Lieut. Colonel Bell. and Lieuts. Beaver and Hunsicker killed; Captains Bolton and Hart, Adjt. Shorkly, Quartermaster Freedly and Lieut. Lynch wounded. Major Schall was now promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Bolton to major. The command suffered severely in the fierce fighting at Fredericksburg in December, its losses being 12 killed and 74 wounded. It was ordered to Fortress Monroe in March, 1863, brigaded with the 51st N. Y., 21st Mass., and 11th New Hampshire, and moved thence, with two divisions of the 9th corps, to Kentucky, being posted successively at Winchester, Lancaster, Crab Orchard and Stanford. In June it moved with its corps under command of General Parke to the support of Grant at Vicksburg, arriving on the 14th and going into camp at Mill Dale. It was employed here and at Oak ridge for several weeks in building fortifications, and joined Sherman in his campaign to Jackson in July. The command then returned to Kentucky, encamping at Camp Nelson, where it rested and refitted after its arduous service in Mississippi. The regiment moved from Camp Nelson to Crab Orchard, where a number of recruits were received, and thence to Knoxville, Tenn. It was active at the battle of Campbell's station, and suffered all the hardships endured by Burnside's army, when besieged in Knoxville by the enemy under Longstreet. After the siege was raised it joined in the pursuit of the enemy, skirmishing with his rear-guard at Rutledge, and later went into winter quarters at Blaine's cross-roads, where the men suffered much from the meager supplies of food and clothing received. On January 5, 1864, the regiment reënlisted for a term of three years and returned to Pennsylvania on 30 days' veteran furlough. While at home the command was rapidly recruited to the maximum strength, as it was a very popular organization, and on the expiration of its furlough it proceeded to Annapolis, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, Colonel Hartranft commanding the brigade and Lieut.-Colonel Schall the regiment. The 51st participated in all the sanguinary engagements leading up to the siege of Petersburg, losing heavily. Dating from the battle at the Ny river, May 12, Colonel Hartranft was promoted to brigadier-general, Lieut.-Colonel Schall became colonel, Major Bolton lieutenant-colonel, and Cant. Hart major. In the fierce fighting at Cold Harbor Colonel Schall was killed while leading a charge and was succeeded in command by Lieut.-Colonel Bolton. The command arrived in front of Petersburg on the 17th and at once engaged the enemy. It was in action again the next day, capturing and holding a position close to the enemy's works. This position was so exposed that a constant fire was kept up, night and day, for more than two weeks, one-third of the men being constantly employed to hold the position. It formed part of the assaulting column at the explosion of the mine, but was ordered back before it entered the crater. In this advance, Colonel Bolton was severely wounded and Major Hart succeeded to the command. The regiment remained on duty in front of the crater for a few days, when it was relieved, and remained encamped in the rear until August 19. It shared in the movement for the capture of the Weldon railroad, and participated in all the subsequent operations of the brigade, including the engagements at Poplar Spring Church, Ream's station, Hatcher's run, and the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. It was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, July 27, 1865, after four years of most trying service.

Fifty-second Infantry.—Colonels, John C. Dodge, Jr., Henry M. Hoyt, J. B. Conyngham; Lieut.-Colonels, Henry M. Hoyt, J. B. Conyngham, John A. Hennessy; Majors, J. B. Conyngham, Thomas B. Jayne, John A. Hennessy, George R. Lennard. On August 1, 1861, John C. Dodge, Jr., formerly captain in the 11th infantry, three months' service, was authorized by Governor Curtin to recruit this regiment. The men rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, coming principally from the counties of Luzerne, Clinton, Wyoming, Union, Bradford, and Columbia, and were mostly well formed, hardy, young men, familiar with the use of the rifle. The Wyoming cornet band of Wilkes Barre of 16 pieces, accompanied the regiment, which completed its organization on November 5, 1861. On the 8th it left for Washington, where it went into camp on Kalorama heights, and in January went into winter quarters on Meridian hill, being temporarily brigaded with the 104th Pa., 56th N. Y., and 11th Me. Later the 52nd was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Naglee), 3d division (General Casey), 4th corps (General Keyes). It left for the front on March 28, 1862, sailing to Newport News; moved thence to Lee's mill; shared in the siege of Yorktown; was engaged at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, losing in the last named battle one-half of the 240 officers and men who went into action. A company of sharpshooters of 100 men from the 52nd, commanded by Captain G. P. Davis, achieved distinction in this campaign. During the famous Seven Days' battles General Naglee's brigade rendered highly important service in holding the railroad and Bottom's bridges over the Chickahominy, and the White Oak swamp bridge. Says General Naglee in his report: "Thus for seven days were the men of my brigade constantly on duty. On the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th of June the safety of the army depended on our holding the railroad and Bottom's bridges, and on the 30th upon holding the bridge at White Oak swamp. Many, day and night for four days, stood to their middle in water of the Chickahominy swamp, and all impressed with the responsible duty required of them, served their country in this hour of trial, enduring the most excessive labor, fatigue and exhaustion with extraordinary endurance and cheerfulness." On August 20 it arrived at Yorktown with its brigade and while here the men were trained as heavy artillerists. In December it reported to General Foster, in North Carolina, and in the latter part of January, 1863, sailed to Port Royal, S. C. Early in April the 52nd moved up the North Edisto river to within 12 miles of Charleston, but the naval attack on the city having failed, it returned to Beaufort, then moved to Folly island and later to James island, where it engaged the enemy at Secessionville during the siege of Fort Wagner. From this time on it shared in the siege of Fort Wagner. In December a large portion of the men reenlisted and went home on veteran furlough. On their return the regiment, recruited to 1,000 strong, remained at Hilton Head, making an occasional raid into the interior. On July 3, 1864, in an assault on Fort Johnson, it lost 7 killed, 16 wounded and more than 100 captured. It remained on Morris island during the summer and fall of 1864, and performed picket duty as boat infantry in the harbor through the winter. After the evacuation of Charleston, the 52nd joined Sherman's army in its march through the Carolinas and after Johnston's surrender it served for a few weeks at Salisbury, N. C. It was finally mustered out at Harrisburg, Pa., July 12, 1865.

Fifty-third Infantry.—Colonels, John R. Brooke, S. Octavius Bull, William M. Mintzer; Lieut.-Colonels, Richards McMichael, S. Octavius Bull, William M. Mintzer, George C. Anderson; Majors, Thomas Yeager, S. Octavius Bull, Henry S. Dimm, William M. Mintzer, Philip H. Schreyer, George C. Anderson, George D. Pifer. This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, November 7, 1861. It was recruited from the counties of Chester, Montgomery, Blair, Huntingdon, Northumberland, Juniata and Westmoreland. Colonel Brooke had served as captain in the 4th Pa. infantry in the three months' troops. The regiment left for Washington immediately upon its organization and was employed in drill and routine duties until the opening of the spring campaign in March, 1862. It was then assigned to the 3d brigade comprising the 2nd Del., 53d Pa., 52nd, 57th and 66th N. Y. infantry and Battery B, 1st N. Y. artillery, commanded by Brigadier-General William H. French, 1st division, Major-General Israel B. Richardson, 2nd corps, Major-General E. V. Sumner. It participated in the Peninsular campaign with McClellan's army; was in the reserve division during the siege of Yorktown; active at Fair Oaks, losing 96 killed, wounded and missing, and winning commendation for its conduct; was under fire at Gaines' mill; suffered slight loss at the Peach Orchard, where it was complimented by General Sumner; present, but not active at Savage Station and White Oak swamp; and was under fire at Malvern hill, though not active. Returning to Harrison's landing, it encamped until late in August, moving on the 30th toward Centerville, where it arrived after Pope had fought the second Bull Run battle, and acted as rear-guard during the retreat of the Union army to Tennallytown. On September 11, General French was assigned to command a division and was succeeded by Colonel Brooke. The regiment engaged in the Maryland campaign, being in reserve at South mountain and in the hottest of the fight at Antietam, where its loss was 28. After the battle it was engaged for two days in the work of interring the dead. It encamped at Bolivar heights until Oct . 30; skirmished at Snicker's gap; moved with the army to Warrenton; and finally arrived at Falmouth, where it served as provost guard until December 11. It went into battle at Fredericksburg 283 strong and lost in killed and wounded 158, among whom were 9 commissioned officers. The 53d now returned to Falmouth, where it remained until February 1, 1863, Major Bull being here assigned to staff duty at headquarters and serving successively with Generals Couch, Hancock, Hays, Warren and Hancock until May 18, 1864. Late in April, 1863, it moved on the Chancellorsville campaign and afterwards returned to Falmouth. Attached to the 4th brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, it was active on the second day of the battle of Gettysburg. Three companies were absent on detached service and the command entered the battle with only 124 men, of whom 6 were killed, 67 wounded and 6 missing. The remnant of the regiment engaged in the pursuit, marching to Jones' cross-roads, and after the enemy retired into Virginia, returned to Morrisville. It engaged in the subsequent arduous campaigns of the year, ending with that of Mine Run, being engaged at Rappahannock and Bristoe Stations. It went into winter quarters at Stevensburg, reenlisted there in December for another three years, and on the 27th proceeded to Harrisburg on veteran furlough. Returning to its old quarters at Stevensburg, on the expiration of the furlough, it started on the Wilderness campaign. It was engaged without serious loss at the Battle of the Wilderness; met with loss at the Po river engagement; and suffered severely in the charge of the veteran 2nd corps at Spottsylvania. Soon after this Colonel Brooke was promoted to Brigadier-general, Major Bull to lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Dimm to major. When Lieut.-Colonel Bull was mustered out on the expiration of his term, November 1, 1864, Captain Mintzer was made major. The 53d crossed the Pamunkey on May 25, proceeded thence to Totopotomoy creek, and arrived at Cold Harbor on June 2. It was active here the next day, making several gallant charges and suffering severely. General Brooke, commanding the brigade, and Captain Dimm and Lieut. Pifer were among the wounded. It arrived in front of Petersburg on June 16 and assaulted the enemy's works, losing about 70 men in a gallant charge. For several weeks the command was engaged in constructing defensive works and in promiscuous skirmishing in the neighborhood of Petersburg. It was active at Reams' station and afterwards participated in the work of the siege of Petersburg, being employed on the front lines. On March 28, 1865, the regiment began its last campaign, being active at the Boydton plank road, and at Five Forks. For his services at this time Colonel Mintzer was promoted brevet brigadier-general. The 53d assisted in the capture of the enemy's wagon trains at Deep creek, and was at the front on the day of Lee's surrender. It marched in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out near Alexandria on June 30, 1865.

Fifty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Jacob M. Campbell, Albert P. Moulton; Lieut.-Colonels, Barnabas McDermit, John P. Linton, Albert P. Moulton, William A. McDermit; Majors, John P. Linton, Enoch D. Yutzy, Nathan Davis, John L. Decker. The 54th regiment was recruited from the counties of Cambria, Somerset, Dauphin, Northampton and Lehigh, during the autumn of 1861 and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, February 7, 1862. Colonel Campbell and many of the other officers and men had already served in the three months' campaign. The regiment left for Washington on February 27; encamped near Bladensburg cemetery, where it spent about four weeks in drill and other routine duties; reported on March 29 to Col . Miles at Harper's Ferry, and was assigned to guard duty along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, having under its charge some 56 miles of road west of Martinsburg. Its headquarters were first at Great Cacapon and afterwards at Sir John's run. From June 1 to September 10, Colonel Campbell reported the capture of 213 guerrillas and 273 horses. After the surrender of the forces under Colonel Miles at Harper's Ferry, the 54th was attached to General Franklin's command. On Oct . 4 all but 35 members of Co. K at Little Cacapon, and all of Co. B at Paw Paw, were surprised and captured by a force under General Imboden. A little later, on the organization of the 8th corps, it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division. In December Cos. B and K were exchanged and returned to the regiment and in this month the command was relieved of its long service on the railroad. On January 6, 1863, the regiment moved to Romney, where it remained until the opening of the spring campaign. Lieut.-Col . McDermit resigned on January 29 and was succeeded by Major Linton, Captain Yutzy being promoted major. The regiment was now attached to the 4th brigade, 1st division, Department of West Virginia; was engaged in scouting and patrol duty in the neighborhood of Purgitsville until June 30, when it moved to New Creek; joined in the pursuit of the enemy after the battle of Gettysburg; skirmished with his pickets on July 10, and was heavily engaged on the 19th; then returned to Romney; advanced in August to near Petersburg to relieve the 23d Ill., and was engaged in fortifying for three weeks. It moved to Springfield with its brigade early in November and was assigned to 1st brigade, 2nd division, Colonel Campbell in command. In January, 1864, Colonel Campbell with a part of his command was ordered to Cumberland, and in February, Co. K was surprised and captured at Patterson's creek by the enemy under the notorious Harry Gilmore. In the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley in May under General Sigel, the 54th was active at the battle of New Market, losing 174 killed, wounded and missing. Major-General Hunter now assumed command of the army which was designated the Army of the Shenandoah. The 54th was active at Piedmont, losing 30 killed and wounded, and as a part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division was engaged at Lexington with little loss. Its loss at Lynchburg was severe, numbering 54 killed. In the subsequent retreat across the mountains into the Kanawha Valley, the command suffered severely. It arrived at Camp Pyatt on June 29 and moved by rail to Martinsburg on July 14. It joined in the pursuit of Early's forces, engaging him at Snicker's ferry and Island ford of the Shenandoah with a loss of 7 men; skirmished at Kernstown on the 23d, and was heavily engaged there on the 24th; then withdrew across the Potomac, where it engaged in the various maneuvres of the army; after a number of heavy skirmishes fell back to Halltown, remaining there until August 28; then moved to Charlestown and thence to Berryville, where it was active in September. While here its depleted ranks were filled by recruits, returning convalescents and veterans. It was active at the battle of Winchester, making a gallant charge with its corps under General Crook; shared in the splendid charge at Fisher's hill; and suffered heavily in the celebrated battle of Cedar creek, where it was posted in advance . On the close of Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah, the 54th moved to Washington and thence to City Point. arriving on Dec . 23, and being assigned to the Army of the James. In May. 1864, the veterans and recruits of the 3d and 4th reserve regiments were first organized as an independent battalion, but were united with the 54th on February 7, 1865. The consolidated organization, still known as the 54th, Colonel Albert P. Moulton, Lieut.-Colonel William A. McDermit, Major Nathan Davis, was assigned to 2nd brigade, independent division, Army of the James, commanded by General Ord. In the attack on Fort Gregg at Petersburg, April 2, 1865, it lost 20 killed and wounded. In the desperate engagement at High bridge over the Appomattox, the 54th was forced to surrender, after losing 21 killed and wounded. Retreating for four days with the enemy's columns, the men were released on the surrender of Lee. From Appomattox the 54th was sent to Annapolis, and on July 15, 1865, was mustered out at Harrisburg.

Fifty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Richard White, John H. Filler; Lieut. Colonels, Frank T. Bennett, John H. Filler, James Metzger; Majors, John H. Filler, James Metzger, John Gotshall, George H. Hill. The 55th regiment was recruited during the summer and autumn of 1861 from the counties of Cambria, Berks, Schuylkill, Indiana, Dauphin, Blair and Bedford. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, three companies, B, E and G being stationed for a time at Camp Cameron. It was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, and on November 22, 1861, with 38 officers and 757 men, left the state for Fortress Monroe, where drill was continued until December 8, when it embarked for Port Royal, S. C., arriving on the 12th. It guarded the approaches to the west of Hilton Head until February 25, 1862, and garrisoned Edisto island by detachments until the following October, the various companies being often subjected to attacks of the enemy and losing about 20 killed and wounded in the engagement of March 29. It shared in an expedition up the Broad river in October to destroy the Charleston & Savannah railroad, being engaged with the enemy at Caston's and Frampton's plantations, and at Pocotaligo river, where the 55th lost 29 killed and wounded. The regiment was then stationed for more than a year at Beaufort, S. C., doing picket duty at Port Royal ferry and garrisoning the fortifications. On January 1, 1864, most of the men reenlisted for another three years and departed for Harrisburg on the 22nd for 30 days' veteran furlough. While at home the regiment was recruited to 1,250 effective men. It returned to South Carolina on March 23 and in April embarked for Virginia, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade (Colonel White), 3d division (General Ames), 10th corps (General Gillmore), Army of the James. It moved with the corps to Bermuda Hundred and was engaged for a time in the work of fortifying the head of the peninsula between the James and Appomattox rivers. It shared in the engagements at Swift creek and Proctor's creek, with a loss of 15 commissioned officers and 300 enlisted men, Colonel White, Lieut.-Colonel Bennett and Adj. Metzger being among the prisoners. It was soon afterward sent with a heavy force under General W. F. Smith to the support of the Army of the Potomac, and was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Stannard), 2nd division (General Martindale), 18th corps. It engaged the enemy at Cold Harbor with a loss of 4 officers and 134 enlisted men. On June 12 it marched back to White House, whence it proceeded by transport to Point of Rocks on the Appomattox, and on the 15th shared in the assault on the works in front of Petersburg. The 55th was again active on the 16th and in a desperate charge on the 18th lost 3 officers and 80 enlisted men in less than 10 minutes. It was in reserve when the mine was exploded and then shared for two months in the work of the siege, meeting daily with some loss. It met with heavy loss at New Market heights in September—3 officers and 78 men out of 5 officers and 150 men engaged. In November, the tattered colors of the regiment were exchanged for a new stand, the old one being deposited in the capitol. In December, the 55th was assigned to the 4th brigade, 1st division, 24th corps, with which it was engaged at Signal hill, and the following March proceeded to Hatcher's run, skirmishing and sharing in the charge on Forts Gregg and Baldwin on April 2. After the evacuation of Petersburg it went by forced march to Burkesville Junction and Rice's station to cut off the enemy's retreat and reached Appomattox Court House on the 9th, in advance of Lee's columns. After the surrender the 55th did guard duty at Richmond until the end of July, when it reported to General Hartsuff at Petersburg. It served by detachments in Virginia, under orders from the Freedman s Bureau, until Aug, 30, 1865, when it was mustered out of service at Petersburg, the men being finally paid and discharged at Harrisburg, Pa.

Fifty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Sullivan A. Meredith, J. William Hofmann, Henry A. Laycock; Lieut.-Colonels, J. William Hofmann, George B. Osborn, John T. Jack, Henry A. Laycock, John A. Black; Majors, John B. Smith, John T. Jack, H. A. Laycock, J. A. Black, George T. Michaels. The 56th regiment was recruited principally from Philadelphia, and the counties of Indiana, Center, Luzerne, Schuylkill, Susquehanna and Wayne in the autumn of 1861, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. All the field officers had served in the three months' campaign. The ranks of the regiment filled very slowly, and it finally left for Washington on March 8, 1862, with only eight and one-half companies. Remaining encamped there until the following April, it did guard duty at Budd's ferry for a short time, moving to Acquia landing on the 24th. On May 10 five companies moved to Belle Plain; on the 21st the regiment moved to Potomac creek; thence to Fredericksburg on the 27th; served there on patrol and picket duty until August 9, when it was assigned to Doubleday's brigade. King's division, McDowell's corps. Crossing the Rappahannock, it first came under fire at Rappahannock Station and first engaged the enemy at Gainesville, where Colonel Meredith was severely wounded. It was active in the second Bull Run fight, being unfortunate enough to lose its colors to the enemy here. After the battle it retreated with the army to Centerville and thence to Fairfax Court House. On September 6, it was ordered to Leesburg and soon after moved with McClellan on the Maryland campaign, being active at South Mountain, where it suffered severely, but it escaped with slight loss at Antietam, being on the extreme right of Hooker's corps. On November 2, having moved forward to Union in support of Pleasonton's cavalry, the brigade, under Lieut.-Colonel Hofmann, drove the enemy from the town, the 56th losing 5 killed and 10 wounded in the action, being complimented by its division commander for gallantry. It participated in the Fredericksburg campaign without loss; encamped for the winter at Pratt's landing, Potomac creek; shared in the "Mud March" in January, 1863; and on April 28, with 21 officers and 289 men, embarked on the Chancellorsville campaign, meeting with small loss during the early part of the battle. It encamped near the Fitz Hugh house until June 7, when it moved to Kelly's and Beverly fords as a cavalry support, two companies under Captain Runkle repelling a furious charge at the latter on the 9th. Assigned to the 1st brigade (General Cutler), 1st division (General Wadsworth), 1st corps (General Reynolds), it commenced its march towards Gettysburg on June 25, 1863. The 1st brigade had the advance on the arrival of the corps at the front, and the 56th was the first to get into position. As the enemy was at that moment advancing and within range, it was promptly ordered to fire, which opened the great battle. Brigadier-General Cutler, in a letter to Governor Curtin, dated November 5, 1863, stated among other things: "I hope that you will cause proper measures to be taken to give that regiment (the 56th) the credit, which is its due, of having opened that memorable battle." In the first day's fighting the 56th lost 4 officers and 146 men killed, wounded and missing, but its loss was small the following two days. It shared in the pursuit of Lee's army which ensued. In November of this year it participated in the Mine Run movement with small loss, and shared in the demonstration at Raccoon ford in February, 1864. On March 10 a large part of the regiment reenlisted for an additional three years and returned to Pennsylvania on veteran furlough, rejoining the army at the front on April 20. Shortly afterward the 56th entered on the Wilderness campaign. It met with heavy losses at the Wilderness, where it displayed conspicuous valor; drove the enemy from an orchard and farm house on the hill in the battle of Laurel hill; was continuously occupied in the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court House until the 21st; crossed the North Anna river at Jericho ford, where it checked the enemy's advance and captured several hundred prisoners; was active without loss at Bethesda Church; shared the general fortunes of the army until it arrived in front of Petersburg on June 17; took part in a desperate assault on the works on the 18th; and from that time on was employed in the general work of the siege. In August it was engaged with its corps on the Weldon railroad and again on the following day, when the regiment captured the battle flag of the 55th N. C., thus avenging the loss of its own colors at the second Bull Run. James T. Jennings of Co. H was awarded a medal of honor by the secretary of war for his gallantry in securing this stand of colors. The 56th occupied the works until September 13, when its corps was consolidated into one division, which became the 3d division of the 5th corps, the 56th being assigned to the 3d brigade, Colonel Hoffmann commanding the brigade. It shared in the advance to Hatcher's run in October and the raid to Hicksford in December, when it destroyed a part of the Weldon railroad, and then encamped between Lee's mill and the Jerusalem plank road until February 4, 1865. The regiment was again active at Hatcher's run in February and had its full share in all the subsequent operations culminating in Lee's surrender. It was mustered out of service at Philadelphia, July 1, 1865.

Fifty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, William Maxwell, Charles T. Campbell, Peter Sides, George Zinn; Lieut.-Colonels, Elhannan W. Woods, Peter Sides, T. S. Strohecker, William B. Neeper, L. D. Bump’s, George W. Perkins; Majors, Jeremiah Culp, S. C. Simonton, William B. Neeper, Samuel Bryan. The 57th regiment was recruited in the autumn of 1861, principally in the counties of Mercer, Crawford and Venango, though some came from Tioga, Bradford, Susquehanna and Wyoming counties. Co. K was originally recruited at Titusville as an independent company of sharpshooters, but was not accepted by the government. The regiment rendezvoused by companies and squads at Camp Curtin and was slowly mustered into service during September, October and November for three years. It left the state for Washington on December 14, 1861; went into camp on the Bladensburg pike until February, 1862; then moved to Fort Lyon below Alexandria, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Jameson), 1st division (General Kearny), 3d corps (General Heintzelman), and moved with the army in April upon the Peninsular campaign. From the beginning at Camp Curtin, the 57th had suffered much from sickness; its camp at Washington was on low, wet ground; at the siege of Yorktown it labored for a month in trenches and on picket amid the malaria of the swamps and marshes; and in a very debilitated condition took part in the battle of Williamsburg. The long, hard campaign which followed greatly reduced the regiment, so that when it reached Harrison's landing on July 2, it was without a field officer. had only a few line officers, and only 56 effective men, out of upwards of 1,000 who had started three months before. It had been active at Fair Oaks, where it lost 11 killed and 49 wounded, Major Culp being killed, Captain Chase mortally and Colonel Campbell severely wounded. It was in reserve at Savage Station, but was active at Charles City cross-roads, losing 7 killed and 56 wounded, Major Simonton and Lieut. Morse being among the wounded. Its conduct in this fight elicited high praise from General Kearny, and on the following day it was again heavily engaged for a short time at Malvern hill, losing 2 killed and 8 wounded. Lieut.-Colonel Woods left the regiment here on account of sickness and was shortly afterwards honorably discharged. Soon after the close of this campaign the ranks of the 57th were again filled by returning convalescents and recruits. It shared in the ensuing campaign under Pope, attached to General Birney's brigade; suffered a small loss at the second Bull Run; was present, but not active at Chantilly, where four companies from the 57th were detailed to bring into the Union lines the body of the gallant Kearny, who fell in the fight. The regiment was posted at Conrad s ferry for a month and on Oct . 10 Colonel Campbell resumed command. On November 25 it went into winter quarters at Falmouth; was active at the battle of Fredericksburg, losing 21 killed, 76 wounded and 78 missing out of 316 men in action. Colonel Campbell was again wounded in this action. The command now returned to its old quarters, and in March was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Graham), 1st division (General Birney), 3d corps (General Sickles), and on April 28 moved on the Chancellorsville campaign. Its loss at Chancellorsville was 13 killed, 48 wounded and 23 missing. On June 11, it started on the Gettysburg campaign, where it was heavily engaged, with a loss of 12 killed, 45 wounded and 47 missing, Colonel Sides being among the wounded and Major Neeper among the captured. During the balance of the year it was active at Auburn creek, Kelly's ford, and Locust Grove and went into winter quarters near Culpeper. More than two-thirds of the regiment reenlisted about this time and went home on veteran furlough on January 8, 1864, returning after 49 days with a large number of recruits. Assigned to the 2nd brigade (General Hays), 3d division (General Birney), 2nd corps (General Hancock), it started on the Wilderness campaign and participated in all the fierce fighting up to Petersburg, losing heavily at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river and Cold Harbor. It shared in the first assault on the enemy's works at Petersburg, and in the general work of the siege during the summer and early autumn. It was posted on the Jerusalem plank road in October; skirmished at Hatcher's run; later shared with its corps in driving back Mahone's division; and shared without loss in the raid on the Weldon railroad in December. By reason of its losses, it was consolidated into a battalion of six companies on Jan. 11, 1865, and united with the 84th Pa. infantry a few days later, Lieut.-Colonel Zinn of the 84th, becoming colonel. It engaged without loss in the movement to Hatcher's run in February; was conspicuous for its gallantry in the assault on the enemy's works near Watkins' house in March, capturing over 100 prisoners; shared in the subsequent operations leading up to the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond and the surrender of Lee; was active at Sailor's creek and was within a mile of Appomattox Court House when the news of the surrender was received. Moving thence to Burkesville, it encamped there until May and was mustered out at Alexandria on June 29. Its record proves it to have been essentially a fighting regiment.

Fifty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, J. Richter Jones, Carlton B. Curtis, Cecil Clay; Lieut.-Colonels, Carlton B. Curtis, Montgomery Martin, Charles A. Winn, Cecil Clay, Robert C. Redmond; Majors, Montgomery Martin, Henry Metcalf, Charles A. Winn, Cecil Clay, Robert C. Redmond, Joseph E. Johnson. The 58th regiment was organized at Philadelphia from September 21, 1861, to March 1, 1862. Companies A, B, C, D and K were recruited from Philadelphia and vicinity by J. Richter Jones and consolidated with companies E, F, G, H and I recruited in Warren, McKean, Cameron, Clinton, Northumberland, Luzerne and Potter counties by Carlton B. Curtis. Each had been authorized by the governor to raise a regiment and they combined their forces to form the 58th, which left the state for Fortress Monroe in two detachments on March 8, 1862, arriving on the day of the contest between the Merrimac and Monitor and going into camp at Camp Hamilton. On May 10 the regiment embarked for an expedition to Norfolk, under command of General Wool, and after performing provost guard duty in Norfolk for a few days moved to Portsmouth, where it remained on guard duty until October 11. Ordered then to Suffolk it encamped there until January, 1863, sharing meanwhile in two expeditions to the Blackwater river. On January 5, 1863, it moved with the force under General Foster to Beaufort, N. C., and went into camp at Batchelder's Creek Station, 8 miles west of New Berne. On February 12 it surprised a Confederate camp at Sandy ridge, capturing 143 prisoners. It was engaged with the enemy on the Neuse road in April, at Cone creek on the Dover road a few days later, and took part in the Dover road action on April 28. In the action at Gum swamp in May it shared in the capture of the enemy's works, 125 prisoners, 1 gun, many small arms, and valuable stores being taken. In a skirmish at Batchelder's creek the following day, Colonel Jones was killed and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Curtis. Said General Foster: "Colonel Jones won the admiration of all in this department by the indefatigable, able and gallant manner with which he filled the arduous duties of commander of the outposts." On May 24 the 58th moved to New Berne and on June 27 to Washington, N. C., where it remained on garrison and provost duty until the evacuation of the place in April, 1864, sharing meanwhile in a number of expeditions into the interior. On May 1 it joined General Butler's army, then being organized at Yorktown to operate against Richmond. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 18th corps, and participated in the campaign south of the James, being sharply engaged with the enemy on the 9th, with a loss of 20 killed and wounded, and aiding in the destruction of the Petersburg & Richmond railroad. With its corps it joined Grant's army at Cold Harbor and in the action there suffered a loss of 35 killed and wounded. It was again heavily engaged on the 3d in the grand assault and suffered considerable loss. Remaining at the front until June 13, it returned by transport to Bermuda Hundred, crossed the Appomattox and shared in the first assaults in front of Petersburg. It was then relieved and returned to Point of Rocks. The reenlisted men had never received their veteran furlough and on June 24 went to Pennsylvania to enjoy their long delayed respite, being given 20 days additional. The recruits and. members who had not reenlisted, remained on picket and fatigue duty, under command of Captains Leiper and Jackson, until the veterans, together with new recruits, returned to the front on August 25. With the 188th Pa., it was selected to lead the desperate assault on Fort Harrison, where in the fierce onset, the regimental colors repeatedly fell, but were finally planted upon the parapet by Captain Cecil Clay. Its loss here was 6 officers and 128 men out of 9 officers and 228 men engaged. On the afternoon of the same day, with the 188th Pa., it attacked the "Star Fort," scaled the ramparts and spiked the guns, but was forced to retire, its supports failing it. It was now employed in guard, picket and fatigue duty; shared without loss in the action at Fair Oaks in October and at Spring Hill in December; bore an honorable part in the final campaign which resulted in the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond and the surrender of Lee; and on the close of hostilities served by detachments in southern Virginia until the end of 1865. It was mustered out at City Point, Virginia, January 24, 1866.

Second Cavalry.—Colonels. Richard B. Price, William W. Sanders; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph P. Brinton, Joseph Steele; Majors, Joseph P. Brinton, Charles F. Taggart, P. Benner Wilson, Joseph Steele, Robert M. Brinton. This regiment, the 59th of the line, was raised from the state at large in the fall of 1861, many of the members coming from the city of Philadelphia, and from the counties of Crawford and Tioga. It rendezvoused at Camp Patterson, near Philadelphia, where it was mustered in during the fall and winter for three years, many of its officers having seen service in the three months' campaign in the Philadelphia City troop, and Colonel Price had served in Mexico. Seven companies left for Baltimore on April 5, 1862, followed by the remaining companies on the 14th. On the 25th it moved to Washington and encamped on Capitol hill . Here it was mounted and drilled, and on June 27 moved to Cloud's mills, where it was assigned to Cooke's brigade, 1st reserve corps, under General Sturgis. On August 5 it marched to the Rapidan near Wolftown where it joined General Pope's army and was assigned to Buford's brigade. It had a brisk skirmish with the enemy on the 7th, and soon after retired across the mountains to Woodville, rejoining the army at Centerville, one squadron being engaged at the second battle of Bull Run, attached to General Kearny's command. On the night of the 30th it held the stone bridge on the Centerville road. At the close of the Bull Run campaign it was greatly weakened by losses and sickness. It moved to Fort Blenker on September 10th, and on the 17th a large detachment made a daring reconnoissance to Aldie in search of General Ewell and his body-guard. A few days later it shared in an expedition to Ashby's gap, and on October 6, as part of General Bayard's command, 1st brigade, it participated in a reconnoissance to Rappahannock Station. From Centerville it moved in pursuit of Stuart's cavalry as far as Warrenton, losing 2 killed and 10 wounded on the expedition. It next advanced with the entire corps, encountering the enemy at New Baltimore and Warrenton and was constantly engaged in scouting until December 28, when it suffered a severe loss at the Occoquan, being surprised by a superior force under Wade Hampton. Its camp was captured and the regiment lost more than 100 killed, wounded and missing. It then went into winter quarters at Accotink, holding the line of the Occoquan. April 4, 1863, it marched to Fairfax Court House, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade of General Stahel's division and moved on the Gettysburg campaign. At Frederick General Pleasonton assumed command of the division and on June 29 it reported at headquarters of General Meade, companies A, K, and H being detached to gather in stragglers. It was actively engaged at Gettysburg in checking the great tide of stragglers to the rear, and after the battle conducted 2,500 prisoners to Westminster. It moved in pursuit of Lee, reaching Warrenton July 25, and in August and September was employed in frequent reconnoissances and as guard at Meade's headquarters. It was engaged at White Sulphur springs in October and on the 19th moved to Fairfax Station, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Cavalry corps. On October 21 it moved towards the Rappahannock and Mine Run; was active at Beverly ford and Rappahannock crossing and again at Bealeton. From this time on during the campaign it was constantly engaged in skirmishing and scouting, and on November 29, at Parker's store, fought with great gallantry, losing 35 men. In December it shared in the raid on Luray, and then went into winter quarters at Warrenton. During the winter its ranks were swelled by many recruits and many of the men reenlisted and received a veteran furlough. On the opening of the spring campaign it moved with the army of the Potomac; was active at the Wilderness and at Todd's tavern; shared in General Sheridan's raid to sever Lee's communications with Richmond. It participated in Sheridan's second raid and was active at Haw's shop and on June 7 shared in the destruction of the Virginia Central railroad. It then crossed the Pamunkey, destroyed the Fredericksburg road at Chesterfield, and was heavily engaged at Trevilian. It assisted in the effort to cut the enemy's lines at Gordonsville, was active at St. Mary's Church, where it was commended for its gallantry, and after the raid it rejoined the army in front of Petersburg. It was active at the engagements of Deep Bottom, Charles City crossroads, and Malvern hill, suffering considerable loss; and was heavily engaged at Reams' station. Since the beginning of the campaign in May, the 50th participated in 16 general engagements, and its strength was reduced to about 200. It shared in the subsequent fortunes of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, being engaged at Wyatt's farm, Boydton plank road, McDowell's hill and Five Forks, and was present at Lee's surrender. It took part in the grand review at Washington in May, 1865, and on June 17, was consolidated with the 20th Pa. cavalry to form the 1st Pa. provisional cavalry, commanded by Colonel William W. Sanders of the regular army. Members whose term of service had expired were sent to Philadelphia to be mustered out, and the provisional regiment was finally mustered out of service at Cloud's mills, Virginia, July 13, 1865. During its long period of service the regiment enjoyed an excellent reputation for discipline and courage in battle.

Third Cavalry.—Colonels, William H. Young, W. W. Averell, John B Mcintosh, Edward S. Jones; Lieut.-Colonels, Samuel W. Owen, Edward S. Jones, James W. Walsh; Majors, E. W. Bennett, O. O. G. Robinson, J. Claude White, James W. Walsh, Frank W. Hess, Charles Treichel. This regiment, the 60th of the line, known at first as Young's Light Kentucky Cavalry, was organized at Philadelphia in July and August, 1861. Companies A, C, F, K, and M were recruited in Philadelphia, B in Philadelphia and Chester county, E in Clinton, D in Washington, D. C., and G in Allegheny, I in Philadelphia and Delaware county and L in Schuylkill . On account of its name it lost precedence in number, though many of its companies were the first to enlist in the three years' service. The regiment assembled in Washington in August, William W. Averell, a graduate of West Point then serving in the 5th U. S. cavalry, being appointed colonel by Governor Curtin on August 31. Under the severe discipline instilled by its new commander it became one of the most efficient regiments in the service. It spent the winter of 1861-62 at Camp Marcy, engaged in drill and picket duty, and in March embarked on the Peninsular campaign. It was frequently engaged during the siege of Yorktown and was constantly skirmishing and scouting throughout the campaign. It was active at Williamsburg, but was not engaged at Fair Oaks. In the trying Seven Days' battles, the men were almost constantly in the saddle and were repeatedly under a severe fire. The regiment was engaged in a hard skirmish at Jordan's ford, and at Charles City cross-roads participated in a brilliant hand to hand engagement with a North Carolina regiment. It spent the summer of 1862 at Harrison's landing and was actively employed throughout the Maryland campaign in September. Late in October it moved with the army into Virginia, covering the right flank of the advance and often came in collision with the enemy under Stuart and Hampton, notably at Union, Upperville, Manassas gap and Hartwood Church. Colonel Averell having been promoted brigadier-general for gallantry, was succeeded by John B. Mcintosh, a subaltern of the 5th U. S. cavalry. The regiment went into winter quarters near Potomac creek and was not engaged at Fredericksburg. It was employed during the winter in scouting and picketing along the Rappahannock, having frequent encounters with the enemy. It participated in the brilliant cavalry engagement at Kelly's Ford, in March, 1863, where Captain Treichel was among the wounded. Returning to camp, it remained there until April 29, and then took part in General Stoneman's raid. In the reorganization of the army at this time. Colonel Mcintosh was placed in command of the 1st brigade, 2nd cavalry division, and Lieut.-Colonel Jones succeeded to the command of the regiment. The cavalry, now commanded by General Pleasonton, crossed the Rappahannock on June 9, and kept the enemy's cavalry so fully employed prior to the battle of Gettysburg, that Stuart was unable to rejoin Lee until after that fight. The 60th was in the saddle in this campaign 20 hours out of the 24, for a period of 8 days, and arrived on the field of Gettysburg on July 2, going into action immediately. On the following day it assisted in meeting the fierce charge of Hampton's division, losing 24 men killed and wounded. Among the wounded were Captains Newhall, Treichel, Rogers and Wetherill, and Lieut. Edmonds. In the pursuit which followed the battle of Gettysburg, it engaged the enemy's cavalry at Old Antietam forge, and was again engaged with its division at Shepherdstown. It spent the balance of the summer in scouting and picket duty along the upper Rappahannock and around Warrenton. In the September campaign it was engaged in a running fight from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan, making a gallant charge and driving the enemy at Culpeper Court House. Later in the month it was detached and posted along the line of the Orange & Alexandria railroad, encamping near Bristoe Station, where it was assigned to Eustis' brigade, Terry's division, 6th corps. In October it reported to General Buford and was engaged with the 2nd cavalry division under that commander, at Bristoe Station. The following day it was engaged for more than 2 hours in a rear-guard action, losing 19 killed and wounded, and was highly commended' by General Buford for its gallantry in holding in check a superior force of the enemy. The regiment now resumed its old position along the upper Rappahannock and on November 26 moved on the Mine Run campaign, being engaged with heavy loss on the 27th and 28th. The following month it went into winter-quarters at Warrenton, where the men suffered severely from a lack of camp supplies and clothing lost during the Mine Run campaign. Largely because of their wretched plight at this time, only about 75 members of the command reenlisted for another three years' term. Near the close of the year, Captain Newhall, an excellent and much beloved officer, was accidentally drowned. On January 26, 1864, the 60th, now much reduced in numbers by its severe service, was ordered to report at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac at Brandy Station for duty with the provost-marshal-general. In the succeeding campaign it did service as an emergency command, serving frequently as escort to generals Grant and Meade. Taking the advance of the army, it made the first connection with General Butler's command south of the James, and finally went into camp at General Meade's headquarters on the Military railroad. As their terms were now about to expire, the original members to the number of about 300, constituting about one-half the command, were ordered to Washington to report to General Halleck, and the veterans and recruits were organized into an independent battalion of three companies, known as the veteran battalion, of the 3d Pa. cavalry, commanded by Major J. W. Walsh. The portion of the command ordered to Washington, remained on duty there for a time to assist in repelling the Confederate raid under General Early, but finally arrived in Philadelphia on August 20, and was mustered out on the 24th. The veteran battalion remained with General Meade's headquarters at Meade Station until October, when it moved to a point near the center of the lines. During the fall and winter many recruits were received, and the battalion was increased to eight companies. It was engaged at Boydton plank road, Hatcher's run, along the Weldon railroad and in the assaults on Petersburg. Early in the winter, three companies were detached for service at the headquarters of General Grant, remaining there until the opening of the final campaign in 1865. It was active in the last assault on Petersburg and in the pursuit which followed. In May it performed provost guard duty in Richmond, where the members slowly left the service, several being mustered out in the first week of June, and on the 9th the remaining members were consolidated in four companies, which were transferred to the 5th Pa. cavalry and mustered out with that regiment at Richmond, Virginia, August 7, 1865.

Sixty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Oliver H. Rippey, George C. Spear, George F. Smith, Robert L. Orr; Lieut.-Colonels, George C. Spear, George F. Smith, George W. Dawson, John W. Crosby, Robert L. Orr, Charles S. Greene; Majors, George F. Smith, George W. Dawson, John W. Crosby, Robert L. Orr, Charles S. Greene, Oliver A. Parsons. The 61st regiment was recruited at Pittsburg in August, 1861, and was mustered in at Camp Copeland on September 7 for three years, numbering about 600 men. Its colonel had served in the Mexican war and as lieutenant-colonel of the 7th Pa. infantry in the three months' service. Such was the demand for troops at this time that it proceeded to Washington before its ranks were filled. Consolidated into six companies, it reported to General Buell at Bladensburg, in February, 1862, and while here four companies under Major Spear were transferred to it from the 23d regiment, which had fifteen companies, thus raising it to the maximum strength. It was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, and participated in much of the severe fighting of the Peninsular campaign. It was present throughout the siege of Yorktown, but arrived too late to see much of the fighting at Williamsburg. It suffered heavily at the battle of Seven Pines, losing 11 officers and 261 enlisted men and fighting with great gallantry. Colonel Rippey, Captain Gerard, Lieuts. Moylan, Scott, Pollock and Rhodes were among the killed, and Lieut.-Colonel Spear and Major Smith were wounded and captured, leaving the regiment without a field officer. It was again active at Charles City cross-roads, Turkey bend and Malvern hill, losing 2 officers and 32 men in the last named battle. It encamped at Harrison's landing from July 2 to August 16, when it moved to Yorktown and thence by transport to Alexandria. On September 2 it marched to Chantilly, but was too late for the engagement. Soon afterward it moved on the Maryland campaign and met with some loss at Antietam. It was encamped at Downsville from September 23 to October 31, being there assigned to the 6th corps, with which it remained until the close of its term of service. It shared in the Fredericksburg campaign under Burnside, but met with only slight loss. During the winter 1862-63 it was encamped on the left bank of the Rappahannock, participating in the "Mud March" in January, 1863. The following month, with four other regiments and Harn's light battery, it was organized into the light division of the 6th corps, intended for special service, to move quickly in emergencies. With the corps, under General Sedgwick, it shared in the severe fighting at Fredericksburg, Marye's heights and Salem Church in the Chancellorsville campaign. In the desperate and successful assault on Marye's heights, the 61st led the storming column, Colonel Spear being killed, and the total loss of the regiments during the brief struggle was 3 officers and 74 men. As the light division had been greatly crippled during the severe fighting, it was now broken up and the 61st was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps, with which it moved on the Gettysburg campaign and arrived on that bloody field on the second day, after a trying march, and immediately went into action. By reason of the position assigned it, the 61st was not heavily engaged and met with small loss. After the battle it shared in the pursuit of Lee and then went into camp for a month at White Sulphur springs. During^ September it was engaged with its corps in watching the movements of the enemy and in October moved through Fairfax, Gainesville and New Baltimore to Warrenton, where it encamped. In November it shared in the action at Rappahannock Station and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, where its ranks were filled by returning convalescents and recruits. On May 5, 1864, it started on the Wilderness campaign, 500 strong, but in the almost constant fighting which ensued at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river and Cold Harbor the regiment lost in killed, wounded and missing about 30 officers and 400 enlisted men. On June 16 it crossed the James river and shared in the work of the siege of Petersburg until July 9, when it moved with its corps by transport from City Point to the defense of Washington, then menaced by General Early. It fought at Fort Stevens, losing 6 killed and 26 wounded, including Lieut.-Colonel Crosby, after which it engaged in the pursuit of the enemy, encamping at Charlestown on August 18. Three days later it was engaged with loss at Flowing Spring, and soon after again encamped at Charlestown. On Sept . 3, the original term of service having expired, all the members except veterans and recruits, proceeded to Philadelphia and were mustered out, the remaining members being organized as a battalion of five companies, which lost heavily at the battle of Winchester. Of 128 men in action, 22 were killed and wounded. It was also engaged with loss at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, where the battalion was highly complimented for gallantry. Soon after this its ranks were increased to 350 men by the accession of 180 drafted men and the return of many of its wounded. On Dec . 3 it rejoined the army in front of Petersburg and held a position on the Squirrel Level road until the close of the siege. On March 2, 1865, two new companies were received from Harrisburg, increasing the number of companies to nine, and in January it received a beautiful flag presented by the citizens of Philadelphia. On March 25, 1865, it participated with its division in the assault on the outer lines of the enemy's fortifications, losing 18 in killed and wounded. It participated in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, losing in the short but sanguinary engagement a number of men, among whom were Colonel Crosby killed, and Lieut.-Colonel Orr wounded. The next day it started in pursuit of Lee's fleeing columns and engaged the enemy under Longstreet at Sailor's creek for the last time. Returning to Burkesville after the surrender, it escorted the captured flags of the division to army headquarters. It reached Danville. Virginia, on April 27, where it was detailed for provost duty until May 21 and then returned to Washington by way of Richmond. On June 28, it was mustered out at Washington, and then proceeded to Pittsburg, where the men were paid and finally discharged from the service. It was essentially one of the famous fighting regiments of Pennsylvania.

Sixty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel W. Black, J. Bowman Sweitzer; Lieut.-Colonels, J. B. Sweitzer, James C. Hull; Majors, J. W. Patterson William G. Lowry. The 62nd regiment was recruited under authority of the secretary of war in July, 1861, from the counties of Allegheny, Clarion, Jefferson and Blair. Pending the settlement of the controversy between the state and the national government as to the right to commission all officers of troops raised within the state limits, the organization was designated the 33d independent regiment. On November 19 an order from the war department placed all independent regiments on the same footing as other state troops and the officers of this regiment were thereupon commissioned by the governor, dating from July 4. The regiment was completely officered and organized by the 24th and on that date moved from Pittsburg to Camp Cameron. A few weeks later it left for Washington, being quartered at Camp Rapp. On September 11, it crossed the Potomac, encamped near Fort Corcoran, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade of Porter's division. It spent the winter of i86(-62 at Camp Bettie Black on Minor's hill, perfecting itself meanwhile in drill and discipline and suffering mere or less from a malignant form of camp fever. In the spring it moved with the army on the Peninsular campaign, first coming under fire and meeting its first loss in action at Yorktown. Its first serious engagement was at Hanover Court House in May, where it met with some loss, but behaved most gallantly, capturing 81 prisoners, including 7 officers. The regiment was actively engaged at Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill and Malvern hill, its entire loss during the campaign being 298 in killed, wounded and missing. In the fighting at Gaines' mill, its gallant colonel was slain, I while Lieut.-Co). Sweitzer was captured. At Malvern hill it was led by Captain James C. Hull, in the absence of all its field officers, and after the campaign it remained at Harrison's landing until August 14, when it moved with Porter's corps to Fredericksburg and the Rappahannock. Porter's corps was in reserve at the second Bull Run battle, and soon after the 62nd returned to its old camp at Minor's hill, sadly reduced in numbers by its long campaign. At Antietam it was active, supporting a battery of 20 pieces; at Fredericksburg it formed part of the Center Grand Division, commanded by General Hooker, and suffered severely, its loss being 2 officers and 5 men killed and 7 officers and 56 men wounded. Speaking of the advance of Griffin's 1st division, to which it belonged, on the stone wall in front of Marye's heights, General Burnside said: "No troops ever behaved better in the world." With the exception of a march to the Rappahannock late in December, in support of General Averell, and the "Mud March" of January, 1863, nothing of moment occurred during the winter. In April as part of the 5th corps, commanded by General Meade, it moved upon the Chancellorsville campaign and was engaged with considerable loss in the battle which ensued, being the last regiment of its corps to cross the river on its withdrawal from the front. It was encamped at Fredericksburg until June 1 and was then on picket duty at Kelly s ford until the middle of the month, when it moved on the Gettysburg campaign, arriving on the scene of battle on July 2nd. Its loss at Gettysburg was very heavy, and the command could only muster 90 men at the close of the fighting. Colonel Sweitzer was wounded and Major Lowry and 5 other officers were among the killed. Returning to Virginia, the regiment engaged in the campaign of maneuvers which followed and was engaged at Rappahannock Station, Locust Grove and Mine run. Its winter quarters for 1863-64 were at Licking run. With ranks much recruited, it entered on the Wilderness campaign in May, 1864, the 5th corps being now commanded by General Warren. From now on the fighting was almost continuous, the 62nd being heavily engaged at the Wilderness, Laurel hill, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river, Totopotomoy creek, Bethesda Church, in the first assaults on Petersburg near the Norfolk & Petersburg railroad, and on June 21 was again engaged, but without much loss, on the Jerusalem plank road. It was employed on fatigue and picket duties until July 3, when the term of the original members, except veterans, having expired, it was ordered to the rear. Companies L and M, whose term was not yet expired, were transferred to the 91st Pa. (q. v.), and the recruits and veterans to the 105th Pa. On July 4 the regiment started for Pittsburg, where it was mustered cut, having lost during its final campaign out of a total of 557 men, 1 officer and 28 men killed, 11 officers and 227 men wounded, and 1 officer and 30 men missing. Six officers died soon after from their wounds. In August companies L and M were withdrawn from the front and mustered out at Pittsburg.

Sixty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Alexander Hays, A. S. M. Morgan, William S. Kirkwood, John A. Danks; Lieut.-Colonels, A. S. M. Morgan, William S. Kirkwood, John A. Danks; Majors, Maurice Wallace, William S. Kirkwood, John A. Danks, James F. Ryan, G. W. McCullough. The 63d regiment was mustered in at Pittsburg in August and September, 1861, for three years. It was recruited from the counties of Allegheny, Beaver, Clarion, Venango and Mercer and was mustered into the U. S. service at intervals during the above named months, four companies leaving for Washington on August 26, and the others near the close of September. Many of the officers and men had served in the 12th infantry, Colonel Hays having been major of that organization, as well as a graduate of West Point and a veteran of the Mexican war. It was assigned to the 3d brigade (Colonel Jameson), composed of Pennsylvania troops, Heintzelman's -division, and spent the entire winter near Fort Lyon engaged in drill and picket duty. On March 5, 1862, Captain Chapman of Co. K, and Quartermaster Lysle were killed in a skirmish on the picket line—the first men to fall in action. It had its full share of fighting throughout the Peninsular campaign; shared in the siege of Yorktown; arrived too late to be engaged at Williamstown; was engaged with heavy loss at Fair Oaks, holding the Williamsburg Road on the left in this action; was again heavily engaged at Charles City cross-roads, where it was highly commended for its gallantry by Generals Kearny and Berry, and was present but not active at Malvern hill . It remained with the army at Harrison's landing until it moved to the support of Pope on the Rappahannock, when it participated with its division under Kearny in the second Bull Run action, suffering heavily. Said Kearny in his report: "The 63d Pa. and the 40th N. Y. under the brave Colonel Egan, suffered the most . The gallant Hays is badly wounded." It was engaged at Chantilly and then was posted in the defenses of Washington until after the battle of Antietam, when it moved to Poolesville, Maryland, performing scouting duty, rejoined the army at Leesburg, and moved with it to Warrenton. At Fredericksburg the 63d was upon the front line for 48 hours before it was relieved. It then returned to its old camp at Falmouth; shared in the "Mud March" of January, 1863; was heavily engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville, where out of 330 men in action, 120 were reported killed, wounded or missing, Colonel Kirkwood being mortally wounded and Major Danks captured. As a part of Sickles' (3d) corps, it participated in the battle of Gettysburg, arriving on the battlefield of the evening of the first day. Though occupying an exposed position for two days, its loss was comparatively small. During the ensuing movement into Virginia, it was engaged at Wapping heights. At Culpeper it received 300 drafted recruits, and in the fall campaign of this year was active at Auburn mills, Kelly's ford and Locust Grove. The winter of 1863-64 was spent at Brandy Station and on May 3 it embarked on the Wilderness campaign, assigned to the 2nd brigade (General Hays), 3d division (General Birney), 2nd corps. At the battle of the Wilderness the regiment lost in two days 186 killed and wounded, Colonel Danks being wounded, and Major McCullough and the gallant General Hays killed. From now on the fighting was almost continuous, the regiment being engaged at Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor. Crossing the James on June 14 near Windmill point, it was engaged in the early assaults on Petersburg and lost heavily in prisoners. On September 9, 1864, the original members, except veterans reenlisted, were mustered out of service, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 99th and thence to the 105th Pa.

Fourth Cavalry.—Colonels, David Campbell, James H. Childs, James K. Kerr, George H. Covode, S. B. M. Young; Lieut.-Colonels, James H. Childs, James K Kerr, William E. Doster, S. B. M. Young, George H. Covode, Alexander P. Duncan; Majors, James K Kerr, William E. Doster, James H. Trimble, George H. Covode, William M. Biddle, S. B. M. Young, Alexander P. Duncan, James T. Peale, R. A. Robison, William B. Mays, D. C. Phillips, Robert J. Phipps, N. J. Horrell, John C. Paul. The 64th regiment of the line, known as the 4th cavalry, was recruited in Sept . and October, 1861, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, but was soon after transferred to camp in the vicinity of the soldier's home, Washington, D. C, where the men were mustered into the U. S. service for three years. Co. A was raised in Northampton county, B, E and G in Allegheny, C and D in Westmoreland and Indiana, H, I, K and L in Venango, F in Lebanon and M in Luzerne. Colonel Campbell had previously commanded the 12th infantry and was an experienced militia officer. The winter at Washington was spent in perfecting the command in drill and discipline . On March 12, Colonel Campbell resigned to take command of the 5th cavalry, and Lieut.-Colonel Childs succeeded him. It was with difficulty the command was maintained intact as the cavalry arm of the service was not then in favor. In May, 1862, it joined McDowell's column on the Rappahannock and was assigned to McCall's division, Pa. reserves. Soon after it moved with its division by transport to the support of McClellan on the Peninsula, arriving at White House on June 24, where one battalion under Lieut.-Colonel Kerr was detached and ordered to Yorktown, remaining there until the close of the Peninsular campaign. The balance of the regiment proceeded to the front, arriving in time to participate in the famous Seven Days' battles of McClellan's army. The 4th suffered a loss of a few men during the night attack by the enemy on July 31, at Harrison's landing. Moving via Williamsburg to Yorktown it was joined by Kerr's battalion and proceeded thence to Washington, but was too late to share in the second Bull Run fight. It was active at Antietam, where the regiment lost its colonel, temporarily in command of the brigade on that day. Colonel Quids was succeeded in command by Lieut.-Colonel Kerr. While encamped on the Potomac, near Hancock, in the early fall a battalion under Captain Duncan, crossed the river and made a sudden descent on the headquarters of the enemy's picket reserve at Hedgesville, capturing 3 officers and 20 men and winning praise from high quarters for its dashing exploit . The regiment rode with General Pleasonton in his pursuit of Stuart; was engaged in numerous skirmishes while the army moved from Harper's Ferry to Warrenton; and was part of the rear-guard when Burnside moved to Falmouth. During the battle of Fredericksburg it guarded the fords above the town on the north bank of the river. It shared in the "Mud March" in January, 1863, and then went into winter quarters at Potomac Creek Station. It had two squadrons engaged at the battle of Kelly's ford, the first real cavalry victory of the war. It then skirmished at Rapidan Station and Ely's ford; was in reserve with its division at Chancellorsville; was only lightly engaged at Brandy Station; still as a part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd cavalry division, it embarked on the Gettysburg campaign, being engaged at Middleburg and Upperville, and arriving on the field of Gettysburg on the morning of July 2. On the 5th it engaged in the pursuit of Lee, frequently skirmishing with his rear-guard. In the campaign of maneuvers which followed the march into Virginia, it was briskly engaged at Shepherdstown and suffered a heavy loss at Jeffersonton, losing in killed, wounded and prisoners about 200 men out of 375 in action. Many of the men captured here subsequently died in Andersonville prison. It was again sharply engaged at Bristoe Station in October and had its final skirmish of the campaign at Beverly Ford. It did not share in the Mine Run campaign, being posted for 4 months along the line of the Orange & Alexandria railroad. During the winter more than two-thirds of the men reenlisted for three years, but the veteran furlough was long delayed. Detachment after detachment of raw recruits were received and when the regiment entered on the Wilderness campaign in May the 4th was a veteran regiment only in name, less than 20 of the original enlisted men being present for duty. It participated in Sheridan's raid on Richmond, in which it was active at Yellow tavern and supported King's battery in the battle inside the outer line of intrenchments before Richmond. On rejoining the army at the North Anna river its ranks were swelled by returning veterans and recruits, making it the largest regiment in the corps. It was active at Haw's shop, and was present at Cold Harbor. It saw much hard service during Sheridan's second raid, being heavily engaged at Trevilian Station and again at St. Mary's Church, where the 4th lost 87 men, and Colonel Covode was mortally wounded, dying in the enemy's hands, though his body was afterward recovered by a party under Captain Parke. Crossing the James, the 4th was almost constantly employed during the rest of the summer in skirmishing, marching and picket duty. It was engaged with Fitz Hugh Lee's cavalry at Second swamp in July, and was again engaged in August on the Jerusalem plank road. Subsequently it was in the advance upon the Boydton plank road in October, and in December at Hatcher's run it assisted in capturing a fort and 200 prisoners, 3 cannon and numerous stores. It shared in the raid on the Weldon railroad in December and went into winter quarters on its return. It took part in the engagement at Hatcher's run in February, 1865. In the final campaign of that year, under Lieut.-Colonel Duncan, it had its full share, marching and fighting almost constantly. It suffered some loss at Dinwiddie Court House and in the action at Farmville. On the morning of Lee's surrender, Gregg's division had cut off a body of the enemy's cavalry, but further operations were stopped by the news of Lee's capitulation. The regiment returned after the surrender to Petersburg, proceeding thence to North Carolina, but soon returned to Virginia and was permanently stationed at Lynchburg, Lieut.-Colonel Duncan being made provost-marshal of a district embracing nine counties. On July 1 it was mustered out at Lynchburg and soon returned to Pittsburg, where it was finally discharged.

Fifth Cavalry.—Colonels, Max Friedman, David Campbell, William E. Doster, R. M. West; Lieut.-Colonels, Stephen E. Smith, William Lewis, Christopher Kleinz; Majors, E. M. Boteler, William E. Henser, Jacob P. Wilson, Joseph C. Hess, Christopher Kleinz, W. G. McCandless, Timothy Hennessey, D. Hagermeister, Justinian Alman, H. W. Paul. The 65th regiment, or the 5th cavalry, known originally as the Cameron Dragoons, was among the first of the three years' regiments. Ten of its companies were recruited in Philadelphia, and two in Pittsburg. As fast as recruited the companies went into camp near Girard avenue, Philadelphia, and on August 22 the Philadelphia companies left for Washington, being joined there a few days later by L and M from Pittsburg. During the month of September the regiment served by detachments on scouting duty, and in October was posted at Camp Griffin, near Lewinsville. Heretofore regarded as an independent organization, it was now assigned to the quota of the state and numbered the 65th, its officers being commissioned by the governor. In the Peninsular campaign in the spring of 1862, the regiment, with the exceptions of Cos. I and K at the front, were employed in scouting in the rear of the army. While at Fort Magruder, near Williamsburg, it was attacked on September 9, 1862, by a superior force and suffered a loss of 6 killed, 15 wounded and 33 captured, Colonel Campbell being among the latter. Much reduced in numbers by sickness and casualties, it received 300 recruits in October and November and now numbered 1,200 men. Detachments of the regiment were employed at intervals during the winter 1862-63 on scout duty, and on January 19, 1863, part of the command had a sharp engagement at Burnt Ordinary. A battalion under Major Kleinz was again in action there on February 6. In a sharp engagement on the Williamsburg state road the following day, Cos. L and M suffered a loss of 35 killed, wounded and prisoners and barely escaped capture. Samuel M. Williamson, a volunteer with the squadron from Co. H, died a hero's death in this action, boldly refusing to surrender after he was surrounded and wounded. On March 29, the enemy under General Wise attempted to capture the post at Williamsburg, but was repulsed with great loss. In April the command was attacked by the enemy under Colonel Tatum, but the attack was repulsed. Little of interest occurred during the summer months, Co. D, under Major Hall, being on detached service part of the time with a force under Generals Keyes and Gordon. Sickness and casualties again greatly reduced the command in strength, four-fifths of the men being afflicted with fever and ague. On September 8 the 65th reported at Norfolk, when one battalion composed of Cos. C, D, F, H and I proceeded to South Mills, N. C., the terminus of the Dismal Swamp canal, the other companies under Lieut.-Colonel Lewis, being assigned to scout and picket duty by detachments on the Albemarle & Chesapeake canal. On October 20 the regiment was reunited at Great Bridge and went into winter quarters, 250 members reenlisting for three years and being given a veteran furlough. On November 11, ten companies reported to General Getty, at Getty's station near Portsmouth, and were assigned to Colonel S. P. Spear's cavalry brigade, Cos. D and K remaining at Great Bridge. A little later these two companies rejoined the regiment, which joined General Wistar's expedition to release the Union prisoners confined in Richmond, but Wistar was checked at Bottom's bridge and forced to return. In February and March, 1864, recruits to the number of 231 were received by the 65th, and in May it shared in an expedition under General Kautz for the destruction of the Weldon railroad, after which it proceeded with its" division to Bermuda Hundred. It then engaged in a raid on the Richmond & Danville railroad; skirmished at various points; drove the enemy at Fort Powhatan; returned to City Point and joined General Butler's forces across the Appomattox, where it was dismounted and went into the trenches with the rest of the cavalry. On May 22 Colonel West of the 1st Pa. artillery was assigned to command the 65th, relieving Lieut.-Colonel Kleinz. It retired from the trenches June 9, when with the cavalry division under General Kautz and a portion of the 10th corps, Army of the James, it participated in a gallant assault on the works of Petersburg. It shared in another assault on the 15th with considerable loss and on June 22 started on the cavalry movement known as Wilson's raid on the South Side and Danville railroads, engaging the enemy at Roanoke, Stony Creek and Reams' stations, losing heavily in men and horses in the last named battle. Its total loss during the expedition was about 300 men and as many horses. From the middle of July to the end of September, the regiment was very active, skirmishing and scouting on both sides of the James and along the lines. In September it joined General Butler's army, engaged the enemy with a loss of about 20, and later participated in a reconnoissance on Charles City cross-roads. In the engagement at New Market in October the regiment lost nearly half its effective strength, having 14 killed, 27 wounded and 72 captured. It was later engaged with slight loss on the Charles City road, and in the engagement near the same place in December it met with a loss of 7 killed and 14 wounded and was highly commended for its gallantry on this occasion by General Ord, commanding the department. In the latter part of March, 1865, it joined General Sheridan's command and on April 1 started on its last campaign. The enemy was met and routed at Five Forks, where the 5th cavalry made a gallant dash, capturing 300 prisoners. During the succeeding week the command was active in the pursuit, skirmishing at Gravelly run, Amelia Court House and Burkesville. On the 7th its picket line was established near Prince Edward Court House and on the evening of the same day it reached Appomattox Court House, where it shared in the fighting up to the time of the surrender. It moved to Lynchburg on the 12th and thence returned through Appomattox, Farmville, Burkesville, Five Forks and Richmond to the Mechanicsville pike, where it encamped. On May 19, 331 officers and men were mustered out of service, and on June 9 the remnant of the regiment was consolidated with the 3d Pa. It was finally mustered out at Richmond on August 7.

Sixty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, John Patrick; Lieut.-Colonel, James B. Freeman; Major, Algernon S. Patrick. The 66th was never completely organized and after a nominal existence of about 8 months ceased to exist as a separate organization. Toward the end of May, 1861, Alfred W. Chantry, of Philadelphia, was given verbal authority by the secretary of war to recruit a regiment for three years' service. Vexatious defrys ensued before the men could be mustered in and many of them joined other commands. Moreover, the government had no clothing to issue to the  men and it was only through the generosity of a private citizen of Philadelphia, Benjamin L. Berry, that complete outfits of grey cloth were supplied to the officers and men. Finally, the first company was mustered in on July 1, and by the end of the month four more were mustered in. John Patrick was chosen lieutenant-colonel on July 26, and James B. Freeman, major. On August 24, at the earnest solicitation of Colonel Slifer, secretary of state, the five companies mustered in proceeded to Washington under the command of Colonel Chantry, and were there assigned to Fitz John Porter's provisional division. Additional companies recruited in Philadelphia joined the regiment and on September 20 it was attached to General Banks' army at Darnestown, Maryland, where it was assigned to Abercrombie’s brigade. With its division, it moved to Frederick, Maryland, in November and went into winter quarters. In October its maximum strength was only 620 officers and men and the following January Colonel Chantry was relieved of his command as he had not succeeded in recruiting the regiment to the maximum standard. Meantime, by order of the war department, it was made a part of the state's quota, and was numbered the 66th of the line, having been previously known as the 30th. Col . Patrick and a number of the other officers resigned their commissions in February, 1862. Such was the disorganized condition of the regiment, in addition to its lack of numbers, that on March 1 Governor Curtin ordered that it be disbanded and the enlisted men transferred to the 73d and 99th Pa. infantry. This was done despite the mutinous opposition of the men. Cos. B, D and C were transferred to the 73d; A and G to the 99th; E, F and K were disbanded and the men divided among the companies of the 73d.

Sixty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, John F. Staunton, Harry White, John C. Carpenter; Lieut.-Colonels, Horace B. Burnham, Harry White, John C. Carpenter, Peter Marsh; Majors, Harry White, John F. Young, John C Carpenter, Samuel McHenry. The 67th was raised from the state at large, rendezvoused at Philadelphia and was slowly mustered into the U. S. service from August 28, 1861, to March 31, 1862, for three years. On April 3, 1862, it left the state for Baltimore and proceeded thence to Annapolis, Maryland, where it remained until in February, 1863, engaged in provost guard duty, and various special duties connected with the post. It then moved to Harper's Ferry, where it performed garrison and guard duty for a few weeks; was then transferred to Berryville and assigned to the 3d brigade of General Milroy's command, under Colonel McReynolds. The brigade was especially charged with the duty of keeping open communications with Harper's Ferry, guarding the passes of the Blue ridge and the fords of the Shenandoah river. In the engagement at Winchester in June, 1863, in attempting to cut its way through the overwhelming forces of the enemy under Ewell and Longstreet, all except about 75 men of the command were captured. After an imprisonment of two months, they were paroled and returned to Annapolis. The portion of the regiment which escaped capture was assigned to General Elliott's brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, and was occupied in fortifying Maryland heights until June 30, when the works were dismantled, the 67th moved to Washington, and a little later with its division joined the Army of the Potomac at Frederick. The paroled members were exchanged and returned to the regiment on October 11. It shared the fortunes of the 3rd corps in the campaigns of the fall and early winter of 1863 and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. Many of the men reenlisted for another three years' term, but so many members had joined the command at a late date, it was not entitled to a veteran furlough under the regulations established. Nevertheless, 350 veterans were allowed a furlough in a body by General Meade and the balance of the command, numbering about 200 men, was temporarily attached to the 135th Pa. At the expiration of the furlough, the regiment reported to General Abercrombic at Belle Plain and early in June was posted at White House, where it was engaged in a skirmish with the enemy's cavalry, and a few days later fought at Charles City Court House. Soon after this the 67th rejoined its brigade near the Yellow house before Petersburg and the men with the 135th returned to their own regiment. With the 6th corps it shared in the descent on the Weldon railroad; next proceeded with the 3d division to Baltimore on the occasion of General Early's movement against Washington; arrived too late to share in the battle of Monacacy, but served as rear guard to Ricketts' retiring column; and during the rest of the summer it shared in the operations of the army under General Wright. It was with Sheridan at the Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, losing in the last named action 48 killed and wounded out of about 150 men engaged. It remained in the valley until near the close of the year; then rejoined the army before Petersburg; had its full share in all the subsequent operations of the 6th corps up to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox; then marched with a portion of the army to Danville; after the surrender of Gen Johnston it returned to Washington and was there mustered out on July 14. 1865.

Sixty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Andrew H. Tippin; Lieut.-Colonels, A. H. Reynolds, Robert E. Winslow; Majors, Thomas Hawksworth, Robert E. Winslow, John C. Gallaher, Michael Fulmer. The 68th regiment was raised in the summer of 1862 in the city of Philadelphia and the counties of Montgomery and Chester, and was mustered into the U. S. service in August for three years. It was peremptorily summoned from its camp at Frankford before its ranks were filled to the maximum and on September 1, proceeded to Washington. Many of its officers and men had seen service in Mexico and in the three months' campaign. On its arrival it was assigned to Robinson's brigade, Stoneman's division. Early in October it moved to Poolesville and while marching south with the army, lost 40 men, who were captured while acting as guard to the baggage train. When General Burnside assumed command of the army, the 68th was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Robinson), 1st division (General Birney), 3d corps (General Sickles). At the battle of Fredericksburg, it lost 40 men in killed and wounded, Major Hawksworth being mortally wounded and Lieut. J. E. Davis killed. The regiment was heavily engaged at Chancellorsville as a part of the 3d corps and lost severely. It reached the field of Gettysburg on the evening of the first day; was posted at the Peach Orchard on the second day, and suffered fearful losses in its exposed position. Of the 17 officers present only Colonel Tippin and four others escaped injury. It was not actively engaged on the third day. All told the losses of the regiment reached 60 per cent. of the whole number in action. It then moved with the army into Virginia and shared in the fall campaign, being active at Wapping heights and Auburn, where Colonel Tippin was captured and confined in Libby prison for 9 months. When the army again advanced it was active at Kelly's ford, Locust Grove, where its losses were heavy, and at Mine run. It wintered at Brandy Station and in January, 1864, the veterans who had reenlisted were given the usual furlough. With their return and a large number of recruits its ranks were again filled to respectable proportions. It was now assigned to Hancock's 2nd corps, and commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Winslow was employed in provost guard duty at the headquarters of General Meade. It held this position to the close of the war, being subjected to active duty wherever an emergency arose, sometimes raiding with the cavalry and at others toiling in the intrenchments. On June 25, Colonel Tippin was exchanged and resumed command. It was in the storming party in the final assault on Petersburg, losing a number of men, including Major Gallaher, mortally wounded. After the battle of Sailor's creek. it was detailed to guard Lieut.-General Ewell and the captured men of his forces, marching them to City Point. Returning again to headquarters, it had charge of some 6,000 recruits. Soon after it was ordered to Hart's island, near New York city, to guard the prisoners there confined. It was finally mustered out there on June 9, 1865.

Sixty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Joshua T. Owen, Dennis O'Kane, William Davis; Lieut.-Colonels, Dennis O'Kane, John Devereux, Martin Tschudy, James Duffy, William Davis, James O'Reilly; Majors, John Devereux, Martin Tschudy, James Duffy, William Davis, Patrick S. Tinen, James O'Reilly, John M'Hugh. The 69th regiment, mostly composed of men from Philadelphia, with a few from Schuylkill county, was mustered into the U. S. service on August 19, 1861, for three years. Its colonel had commanded the 24th regiment in the three months' service, and most of the members were Irishmen, robust and of fine physique. On September 17, 1861, it left the state for Washington, and remained in the vicinity of the capital engaged in the work of fortification and routine duties until February 22, 1862. In October, 1861, it was assigned to the famous Philadelphia brigade, Colonel E. D. Baker, Stone's division. Banks' army. Colonel Baker was killed at Ball's bluff, and General W. W. Burns assumed command of the brigade, General Sedgwick at the same time superseding Gen, Stone. In February, 1862, it was presented with a green flag by the citizens of Philadelphia. When it moved on the Peninsular campaign its brigade was designated the 2nd of the 2nd division, 2nd corps under General Sumner. In this campaign it shared in the siege of Yorktown; was engaged with small loss at Fair Oaks; was hotly engaged at the Peach Orchard and Savage Station, losing 2 killed, 6 wounded, and 9 prisoners; behaved with great gallantry at Charles City cross-roads; and was complimented by General Hooker for making "the first successful bayonet charge of the war." Its loss here was 7 killed, 22 wounded and 5 captured. It was again in action at Malvern hill, then moved to Centerville, General Howard taking command of the brigade. It suffered a small loss at Chantilly, but was heavily engaged at Antietam, losing 3 officers and 18 men killed, 3 officers and 54 men wounded, and 1 officer and 9 men prisoners. It skirmished at Snicker's gap in October, and on November 15, went into camp at Falmouth, where Colonel Owen was promoted to brigadier-general and Lieut.-Colonel O'Kane became colonel. It lost heavily at Fredericksburg, where it behaved with its usual gallantry. It was not actively engaged at Chancellorsville, but skirmished lightly at Thoroughfare gap and at Haymarket in June, 1863, and arrived at Gettysburg at the close of the first day. Its losses during the next two days were enormous. Of 258 officers and men who went into action, it lost 6 officers and 32 men killed, 7 officers and 76 men wounded, and 2 officers and 16 men prisoners, a total of 143. Both Colonel O'Kane and Lieut.-Colonel Tschudy were among the killed. After joining in the pursuit of Lee's army into Virginia, it was variously employed in the ensuing fall operations in reconnoissances, guard and picket duties, and shared in the Mine Run campaign with some loss. Winter quarters were established at Stevensburg, where the veterans who had reenlisted were given the usual furlough in March, 1864, and were presented with a new green flag in Philadelphia, the old one being deposited in Independence Hall. In May, 1864, it moved on the spring campaign; was heavily engaged at the Wilderness, Po river, Spottsylvania, where Lieut. M'Anally of Co. D captured a stand of colors in a hand-to-hand encounter, the North Anna, Totopotomy and Cold Harbor, where the return of the veterans. together with the recruits, brought the regimental strength up to 300. It crossed the James river on June 14 and was immediately brought under fire; lost heavily a week later on the Jerusalem plank road; was in reserve at the explosion of the mine on July 30; supported the cavalry at Reams' station in August; was heavily engaged there on the 25th, Colonel Davis being among the wounded; suffered severely at Hatcher's run in October; fought at Dabney's mills on February 5, 1865; and led the assault on the Petersburg works on March 25, carrying and holding a portion of the intrenchments. On the 29th it started on the final campaign, being engaged at Jetersville and High bridge, and was at Clover hill when the surrender was announced. It was finally mustered out at Ball's cross-roads, opposite Washington.

Sixth Cavalry.—Colonels, Richard H. Rush, Charles R . Smith, Charles L. Leiper; Lieut.-Colonels, John H. McArthur, Henry C. Whelan, Charles L. Leiper, Albert P. Morrow; Majors, Charles R. Smith, Robert Morris, Jr., John H. Gardiner, J. Henry Hazleton, Henry C. Whelan, W. P. C. Treichel, Benoni Lockwood, James Starr, Charles L. Leiper, Albert P. Morrow, Abram D. Price, Charles B. Coxe, B. H. Harkness. This regiment, the 70th of the line, was raised in the city of Philadelphia, with the exception of Co. G from Berks county, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia from August to October, 1861, for three years. The war department gave Richard H. Rush authority on July 27 to recruit the regiment. Colonel Rush was a graduate of West Point and late captain in the U. S. artillery service. On October 30 a stand of colors and a set of guidons were presented by the ladies of Germantown, and on December 4, the state colors were presented by Governor Curtin. In addition to the pistol and saber, the regiment was armed with a 9-foot lance. It left for Washington about the middle of December, 1861, and was quartered at Camp Barclay on Meridian hill. Early in May, 1862, it proceeded to New Market bridge, where it was brigaded with the reserve brigade, composed of the 5th and 6th U. S., and 6th Pa., being the 2nd brigade (General Emory), of Cooke's cavalry division, and entered on the Peninsular campaign. After being employed for some days in picketing and scouting in the direction of Hanover Court House, it was under fire in the battle there and captured 80 men and 2 officers. Two squadrons under Lieut.-Colonel Smith were detached in the latter part of June to escort the wagon train to Yorktown, rejoining the regiment at Harrison's landing. Two squadrons under Captain Clymer were under fire with McCall's division at Mechanicsville, and the following day the other squadrons supported Robinson's battery at Gaines' mill. Cos. C and H reported for duty at General Kearny's headquarters on June 28, and Co. F was engaged with General Sumner at White Oak swamp and Malvern hill. The remaining companies served by detachments during the retreat with Porter, Keyes and McCall, and were repeatedly under fire. In addition to casualties in action, malarial fever struck down many of the command at this time. After the evacuation of the Peninsula the regiment returned to Washington until the opening of the Maryland campaign, when it moved with the army and was engaged with slight loss at Antietam. It encamped after the battle near Frederick, three companies being on detached service with General Franklin. In October Cos. L and M were recruited in Philadelphia and added to the command. It was exposed to fire, but was not active at Fredericksburg. After serving by detachments in various capacities during the remainder of December, 1862, and participating in the "Mud March" of January, 1863, it went into winter quarters first at White Oak Church and then at Belle Plain landing. On April 6, it was reviewed by President Lincoln, drawing attention and praise on account of its novel arms and equipments. It next participated in Stoneman's raid into Virginia, and was engaged in scout and picket duty until June 8. As a part of Buford's division the 6th rendered gallant service at Beverly ford, losing nearly half its effective strength, Major Morris being captured and confined in Libby prison, where he died on August 13, 1863. It was engaged at Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville, and arrived at Gettysburg during the night of July 2. In the battle on the 3d it was posted on the extreme left of the lines, near Round Top. In the pursuit which followed it was heavily engaged on the heights overlooking Williamsport and again at Boonsboro and Funkstown. On July 2. while the reserve brigade was still at Emmitsburg, a detachment of 100 men under Captain Treichel was sent on special duty in the rear of Lee's army, rejoining the regiment near Boonsboro on the 7th, having captured a large number of prisoners and destroyed several of the enemy's wagons, with a loss of 40 men. In the maneuvres which followed in Virginia, the 6th was twice engaged at Brandy Station. With the reserve brigade it was ordered to Washington to refit, but from October 11, it again shared actively in the fall campaigns, being joined on the 13th by Cos. I and E, which had been on detached service at headquarters since March. The twelve companies now served together until the close of the war. The regiment was slightly engaged at the Rapidan, Buckland mills and Sulphur springs; scouted to James City in November; and covered the army trains during the Mine Run movement. It spent the winter of 1863-64 at Culpeper, picketing the Rapidan. While here. 140 men reenlisted and received the usual veteran furlough. In February a detachment shared in Custer's raid upon the Virginia Central railroad and in May it entered on the arduous spring campaign of 1864, forming a part of the reserve brigade (General Merritt), 1 division (General Torbert), Major Starr commanding the regiment. It was heavily engaged at the Wilderness, Major Starr being wounded; shared in Sheridan's first raid to Richmond; fought at Old Church and at Cold Harbor on the next day. Before starting on Sheridan's second raid in June it was joined by a number of recruits. The 6th lost 41 men in the action at Trevilian Station, and 326 strong was sharply engaged at Charles City cross-roads in July. It then joined the army in the Shenandoah Valley and was hotly engaged at the Opequan. Co. A was mustered out on August 24, and Co. B on the 28th. At Smithfield the regiment lost 2 killed and 16 wounded, after which it was ordered to Remount camp, Pleasant Valley, Maryland, where the men whose term of service had expired were mustered out on September 8. About the middle of November it went into winter quarters at Hagerstown, where it received 100 recruits and after rejoining its brigade at Winchester near the end of January, 1865, 800 more were received. It shared in Sheridan's destructive raid to Lynchburg, and it moved with that general on his final ride. It lost heavily at Five Forks and fought its last battle on the White Oak road, dismounted, and with only 48 men bearing carbines. The remnant of the regiment was now ordered to General Merritt's headquarters for escort and guard duty, and after Lee's surrender returned to Petersburg, thence to Danville and returned to Washington on the surrender of General Johnston. After marching in the grand review it was consolidated with the 2nd and 17th regiments under the name of the 2nd provisional cavalry and ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out on August 7, 1865.

Seventy-first Infantry.—Colonels. E. D. Baker, Isaac J. Wistar, Richard Penn Smith; Lieut.-Colonels, William H. Penrose, John Markoe, William G. Jones, C. Kochersperger; Majors, R. A. Parrish, Charles W. Smith, George L. Ritman, Richard P. Smith, Enoch E. Lewis. The 71st, originally known as the California regiment, was recruited in Philadelphia in April and May, 1861, by Edward D. Baker, U. S. senator from Oregon, under special authority from President Lincoln. Eleven hundred men were enlisted within a month's time and rendezvoused by squads and companies at Fort Schuyler, near New York city, where they were mustered into service for three years. Until after the battle of Ball's bluff the regiment was treated as belonging to the regular army, but was then claimed by Pennsylvania and applied on the state's quota, its officers being commissioned by the governor. On July 1. r861, it proceeded to Fortress Monroe, via Philadelphia, and was immediately assigned to picket and scout duty. After the battle of Bull Run it moved to Washington and on September 1 1 it first came under any considerable fire, when it displayed a spirit which proved its excellent material. Early in October it moved to Poolesville, Maryland, where with other regiments it formed the Philadelphia brigade, commanded by Colonel Baker, General Stone's division, General Banks' army. In the engagement at Ball's bluff, Colonel Baker fell at the head of his command while cheering his men. The regiment lost here 312 men out of 520 in action. The colors were lost in mid-stream by the color-sergeant and never recovered. It then went into winter quarters, its decimated ranks were recruited, and Lieut.-Colonel Wistar was promoted colonel. In the spring it engaged in McClellan's Peninsular campaign as part of Sedgwick's division, Sumner's corps. It was engaged with some loss at Fair Oaks; lost 96 in the action at the Chickahominy; 68 in the action at Savage Station on the afternoon of the same day; was heavily engaged at Charles City cross-roads on the following day; and acted as artillery support at Malvern hill. At Harrison's landing the regiment was reorganized. Five of its fifteen companies, L, M, N, P and R were disbanded and the men transferred to the other ten companies. It made a forced march with Sumner's corps, reaching the battlefield of the second Bull Run toward the close of the action, and served as rear-guard to Pope's retreat, constantly skirmishing as far as Chain bridge. Sumner's corps was in reserve at the battle of South mountain, but was heavily engaged at Antietam, where the 71st performed most gallantly, losing over one-third of its number engaged. On September 18, only 4 officers were able to report for duty. Colonel Wistar was severely wounded here while leading a charge and was soon after promoted to brigadier-general, Lieut.-Colonel Markoe succeeding to the command. The 71st entered on the Fredericksburg campaign as part of the 2nd brigade (Colonel Owen), 2nd division (General Howard), 2nd corps (General Couch), and was in the Right Grand Division composed of the 2nd and 9th corps, commanded by General Sumner. In the battle of Fredericksburg the command lost nearly a third of its effective strength. It was in reserve with the 2nd division at Chancellorsville and after the campaign returned to its old camp at Falmouth. At Gettysburg, where the regiment arrived on the evening of July 1, General Hancock commanded the corps, General Gibbon the division, and General Webb the brigade. The 71st was posted during the battle, upon the crest of the ridge to the left and front of General Meade's headquarters and a little to the left of the angle in the low stone wall. In this exposed position it suffered severe casualties in the two days' fighting, losing over 40 in the second day's contest, being subjected to a fierce artillery fire for more than 2 hours on the third day, and receiving the full force of the enemy's gallant charge which followed the artillery duel. Altogether it lost over half its effective strength, including 9 out of 15 officers engaged, though it captured 4 stands of colors. In the campaign which followed Lee's retreat into Virginia, it was engaged at Auburn and Bristoe Station; skirmished at Bull Run; fought at Robertson's tavern; and on the close of the Mine Run campaign went into winter quarters at Stevensburg. On May 3, 1864, it moved with the corps, still commanded by General Hancock, on the spring campaign; was heavily engaged at the Wilderness and during the advance to Spottsylvania; shared in the fierce assault at the latter place; participated in much of the subsequent fighting in the advance on Richmond; was in the assault of the 2nd corps at Cold Harbor and lost heavily in that engagement . This was its last battle, as the term of service of the regiment had now expired. The veterans and recruits were transferred to the 69th Pa. on June 12, and the others returned to Philadelphia, where they were mustered out on July 2, 1864. Out of a total enrolment of 2,200 men only 153 returned to be mustered out.

Seventy-second Infantry.—Colonel, DeWitt Clinton Baxter; Lieut.-Colonels, Theodore Hesser, Henry A. Cook; Majors, J. Madison DeWitt, Samuel Roberts, A. C. Supplee, John Lockhart. The 72nd, known as the Fire Zouave regiment, was raised in the city of Philadelphia during the week, August 3 to 10, 1861, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on the 10th. Colonel Baxter had been second in command of the 19th regiment, and many of the members of the 72nd had served with him. On reaching Washington it was ordered across the river to the Virginia. shore and on September 18 was assigned to the Philadelphia brigade under Colonel E. D. Baker. The regiment was at this time made up of fifteen companies and numbered 1,487 men. On September 30 it recrossed the river, moved to Poolesville, Maryland, and engaged in guard duty as a part of General Stone's division. The following spring it shared in the Peninsular campaign, the Philadelphia brigade now commanded by General Burns, forming a part of Sedgwick's division, Sumner's corps. It suffered much from sickness at the siege of Yorktown, as its camp was in an unhealthful location and the constant rains and exposure in the trenches bore heavily on the command. It suffered some loss in the battle of Fair Oaks, and with Sumner's corps was the last to withdraw from the trenches on the Chickahominy at the beginning of the Seven Days' battles. It was heavily engaged at Savage Station, where it lost 15 killed, and was under fire but not active at Charles City cross-roads and Malvern hill. Leaving the Peninsula, it moved with Sumner to the support of General Pope, and then after a few days' rest entered on the Maryland campaign, General Howard now commanding the brigade. It lost 31 killed on the bloody field of Antietam, and at Fredericksburg, where the brigade was under General Owen, the 72nd again suffered considerable loss. In the Chancellorsville campaign it was sent with a detachment of engineers to build and hold bridges at Banks' ford, and was not present at the battle. It then remained in camp at Falmouth until the middle of June, engaged in guard and picket duty. While here it was visited by Governor Curtin, who presented the regiments of the brigade with stands of colors. While moving on the Gettysburg campaign the 72nd was engaged at Thoroughfare gap and Haymarket. At Gettysburg, where it arrived on the evening of the first day, General Hancock commanded the corps, Gibbon the division, and Webb the brigade. It went into position on the left center, immediately behind the 69th and 71st, just below the crest of the hill. It was not heavily engaged the second day, but suffered grievously on the third, both during the great artillery duel, and in Pickett's historic charge. It lost 46 killed and a proportionate number in wounded. It was frequently engaged during the ensuing fall campaigns in Virginia; it suffered some loss at Bristoe Station, and also at Robertson's tavern. The Philadelphia brigade was to have headed the storming part at Mine Run, but the order to attack was countermanded and the army retired behind the Rappahannock. It went into winter quarters near Stoneboro and performed guard duty along the line of the Orange & Alexandria railroad. On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 it was active at the Wilderness and Po river; shared in the charge upon the enemy's works at Spottsylvania; was heavily engaged at Cold Harbor; crossed the James river on June 15 at Wilcox landing; shared in the first assaults on the works of Petersburg; and then moved with the corps in the advance on the Weldon railroad. In August it was withdrawn from the trenches in front of Petersburg, as the term of service of the original members had expired, the veterans and recruits having been transferred to the 183d Pa. on July 19, and the rest of the regiment was mustered out at Philadelphia, August 24, 1864.

Seventy-third Infantry.—Colonels, John A. Koltes, G. A. Muehleck, William Moore, Charles C. Cresson; Lieut.-Colonels, G. A. Muehleck, William Moore, Michael A. Strong, Charles C. Cresson; Majors, Leopold Schott, Michael A. Strong, David A. Schultz, Charles C. Cresson, Christian H. Goebel. The 73d regiment, known as the Pennsylvania Legion, was recruited in Philadelphia during the summer of 1861 and in July, August and September was mustered into the U. S. service for three years. It rendezvoused on Engle's and Wolf's farms at Lemon hill and left the state on September 24, proceeding via Washington to Roach's mills, Virginia, where it was assigned to General Blenker's division. It moved thence to Hunter's Chapel and Rose hill, where it received a set of colors at the hands of Ex-Governor Pollock in behalf of the ladies of Philadelphia, and in November marched to Anandale. Its total enrolment in January, 1862, was 855, which was increased to 1,205 on March 3, by the addition of Cos. E and K and a number of men transferred from the 66th regiment, then being disbanded. (q. v.). On March 10, it moved with the army on the Manassas campaign and in May joined the Army of the Mountain Department, commanded by General Fremont, at Petersburg. It was in reserve at the battle of Cross Keys; was engaged in picket and guard duty until July 20, at Luray, Thornton's gap and Sperryville; formed part of the rear-guard of Pope's army in his retreat from the Rapidan; skirmished at Freeman's ford; lost heavily at the battles of Groveton and second Bull Run, 216 being killed and wounded, the killed including Colonel Koltes and Captain Brueckner; and remained thereafter in the fortifications of Washington until the Fredericksburg campaign, arriving at Falmouth just after the battle. It was inactive in winter quarters at Falmouth, with the exception of the "Mud March" in January, 1863, until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign in April, when it was assigned to the 1st brigade (Colonel Bushbeck), 2nd division (General Von Steinwehr), 11th corps (General Howard). Bushbeck's brigade, holding the extreme left of the 11th corps at Chancellorsville, was heavily engaged and the 73d lost 13 killed, 54 wounded and 39 missing. Among the killed was Captain Giltinan, and among the wounded were Colonel Moore, Lieut.-Colonel Strong, Major Schultz and Captain Leibfried, the latter mortally wounded. It then encamped at Falmouth until June 12, when it started on the Gettysburg campaign. It arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the afternoon of the first day and immediately went into action, checking the pursuit of the enemy when the 1st and 11th corps retired through the town from Seminary ridge. On the two succeeding days it was posted on Cemetery hill, Captain Kelly being in command of the regiment in this battle in the absence of all the field officers. Its loss was 8 killed and 26 wounded. It next moved with the army into Virginia; was for a time posted at Alexandria, guarding and conducting drafted men to the front; rejoined its corps on September 26, at Bridgeport, Alabama; remained there a month on guard and picket duty and a number of successful foraging expeditions; skirmished at Wauhatchie on October 27, and soon after moved to Chattanooga. Colonel Moore, still suffering from his wounds, was again obliged to relinquish the command of the regiment, which was assumed by Lieut.-Colonel Taft, of the 143d N. Y., in the absence of any other field officers in the 73d. In the battle of Missionary ridge the regiment suffered its greatest disaster. It gallantly charged and drove the enemy on its front from his rifle-pits, but its supports were repulsed and the 73d was in turn charged and out-flanked by the enemy, who captured the entire command with the exception of about 25 men. In addition to the killed, wounded and missing, 8 officers and 89 men were taken prisoners. Captain Kennedy, who was among the captured, concealed the flag about his person and on his return from his long imprisonment carried it safely home. It is now carefully preserved with the other battle emblems of the state. The few members who escaped capture, together with the wounded and detached men who returned to the ranks, marched with Sherman to Burnside's relief and later went into winter quarters near Chattanooga. In January, 1864, most of them reenlisted and received the usual veteran furlough and on their return, with a number of recruits, they were assigned to Bushbeck's brigade, Geary's division, 20th corps under General Hooker, and shared all the fortunes of the White Star division in Sherman's Atlanta campaign, his subsequent march to the sea, and the march northward through the Carolinas. After General Johnston's surrender it proceeded to Alexandria, Virginia, and was there mustered out on July 14, 1865.

Seventy-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, A. Schimmelfennig, John Hamm. A. Von Hartung. Gottlieb Hoburg; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward Freyhold, John Hamm, A. Von Hartung, Alexander Von Mitzel, Carl Veitenheimer; Majors, John Hamm, Franz Blessing, A. Von Hartung, Alexander Von Mitzel, Gustav Schleiter. Frederick Klenker, E. P. Rohbach. The 74th regiment, composed of German citizens from the cities of Pittsburg and Philadelphia and the counties of Allegheny, Westmoreland, Indiana, Columbia, Wyoming, Northumberland, Snyder, Union, Adams and Berks, was recruited during the summer of 1861, by a committee of Pittsburg citizens duly authorized by the war department for that purpose. The recruits were largely trained soldiers, and rendezvoused at Camp Wilkins. near Pittsburg, where on September 14, 1861, they were mustered into the U. S. service for three years, as the 35th Pa. infantry. Colonel Schimmelfennig had been a Prussian staff officer and was a military man of fine attainments. On September 19, the regiment proceeded to Philadelphia, where it was joined by a large body of recruits under Captain Von Mitzel. Soon after it was ordered to Washington and a week later to Roach's mills, Virginia, thence to Hunter's Chapel, where it went into winter quarters. While here Captain Von Hartung's Philadelphia company, which had been on duty at Fort Delaware, was added to the regiment . The winter was spent in drill, fatigue duty and work on the fortifications. In the spring of 1862 it was ordered with its division to Franklin,West irginia, to reinforce General Fremont, then in command of the Mountain Department, and joined in the pursuit of Stonewall Jackson, being engaged with the enemy for the first time at the battle of Cross Keys. where it lost 6 killed and 14 wounded. After the battle it moved to Mount Jackson and thence to Middletown; was posted at Sperryville, from July 7 to August 8; then moved by forced marches the 40 miles to Cedar mountain, but arrived too late for the battle at that point. Falling back with Pope's army, it narrowly escaped being surrounded and captured at Freeman's ford on the Rappahannock by the adroit tactics of its commander, Colonel Schimmelfennig. Its loss here was 12 killed, 2 officers and 35 men wounded, 3 drowned and 16 missing. Colonel Schimmelfennig now assumed command of the brigade, General Bohlen having been killed, and the regiment participated with its division under General Carl Schurz in the disastrous battles at Groveton and the second Bull Run. In the Antietam campaign it was at Washington and it later went into winter quarters near Stafford Court House, Virginia. receiving there a large number of recruits. On the promotion of Colonel Schimmelfennig to brigadier-general, Major Von Hartung succeeded to the command of the regiment. The 74th arrived too late to share in the fighting at Fredericksburg, although ordered to the front at that time. As a part of Schimmelfennig-'s brigade, Schurz's division, Howard's corps, it was heavily engaged at Chancellorsville, fighting on the second day of the battle with the most determined bravery. When the regiments belonging to the 1st division on the right broke and came rushing through its ranks, causing considerable disorder for a time, the most perfect order was soon restored by Colonel Von Hartung. With the other regiments of its brigade it quickly executed a change of front. checked the impetuous advance of the enemy, and held him at bay for over an hour. Its total loss in this battle was 52 killed, wounded and missing. It remained encamped at Stafford Court House until June 12, when it started with its corps for Gettysburg, where it arrived about noon on July 1, and immediately went into action, taking position on the left of the corps, to the right of the Mummasburg road, in front of Dilger's Ohio battery. Its thin line was forced back to Cemetery hill by the overwhelming forces of the enemy. Lieut.-Colonel Von Mitzef was again a prisoner; and out of 14 officers and 120 men brought into action, 1 officer and 6 men were killed, 4 officers and 40 men were wounded, and 52 men were reported missing. For the next two days it held its position in front of the batteries stationed in the cemetery, where it was joined by the men who had been detached on picket duty. Its loss here was 1 officer and 8 men killed and 1 officer and 15 men wounded, a total in the battle of 136. On August 7, with the division, it was ordered to Folly island, S. C., arriving there on the 14th. It remained in that vicinity for about a year, making frequent expeditions to other islands and taking part in the engagement on James island in July, 1864, where it was under fire for several days at the time of the grand assault on the works of Charleston. In August, 1864, it returned to Washington and garrisoned Forts Marcy and Ethan Allen for a time. In September 130 members whose term of enlistment had expired were mustered out, after which the regiment went to West Virginia, where Cos. G and K and part of the field and staff were mustered out. At Grafton many of the men reenlisted and a large number of recruits joined the regiment, which was from that time employed in guarding the line of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, with headquarters successively at Green Spring, Beverly, Clarksburg and Parkersburg. It was finally mustered out at Clarksburg on August 29, 1865. The men proceeded to Pittsburg, where they were finally paid and discharged.

Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry Bohlen, Philip Schapp, Francis Mahler; Lieut.-Colonels, Francis Mahler, Alvin Von Matzdorff; Majors, Alvin Von Matzdorff, August Ledig. The 75th regiment originally known as the 40th, composed principally of German citizens from Philadelphia, was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Worth, Philadelphia, in August and September, 1861, for three years. Many of the members had seen service in European armies; Colonel Bohlen was a veteran of the Mexican war, and Lieut.-Colonel Mahler had been an officer in the Baden revolution. On September 26, 1861, the regiment, about 800 strong, left for Washington, and there its ranks were soon recruited to the maximum number. It was assigned to Blenker's division and encamped at Roach's mills until October 12, when it went into winter quarters at Hunter's Chapel. A regimental band, led by Rudolph Wittig, which joined the command on the 31st, was discharged by general order on August 16, 1862. In March, 1862, it moved with the army on the general advance, reaching Warrenton Junction on the 26th, when it was ordered to report with its division to General Fremont, commanding the Mountain Department. In an attempt to cross the Shenandoah river in an old ferry boat on April 15, Captain Wyck and Sergt. Tiedemann of Co. K, Lieut. Winter of Co. I, and about 50 enlisted men of the two companies were drowned. The regiment was encamped at Winchester from April 18 to May 6, recruiting from its severe marches and exposures. While here Colonel Bohlen was promoted to brigadier-general. On May 14 the command reached Franklin and the latter part of the month hastened by forced marches in pursuit of Stonewall Jackson. It was in reserve at the battle of Cross Keys, and after the battle moved to Mount Jackson, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Colonel Kryzanowski), 3d division (General Schurz), 1st corps (General Sigel), Army of Virginia. Sigel's corps arrived too late to share in the battle of Cedar Mountain, but a few days later it was engaged in a brisk skirmish at Freeman's ford, where General Bohlen was killed. It was in action at Groveton and the second Bull Run, losing in the two days' fighting, 2 officers and 28 men killed, and 5 officers and 98 men wounded, among whom was Lieut.-Colonel Mahler. Color-sergeant Robert Jordan of Co. A, formerly an officer in the army of Schleswig-Holstein, displayed conspicuous courage and died while bearing aloft the colors. The following were officially reported for gallantry shown: Sergts. Haserodt of Co. A, Weigand and Maurer of Co. B, John Emleben of the same Co., who took the flag from the hands of Sergt. Jordan as he fell, though he was himself wounded, Louis Mahler and Jacob Pauley of Co. D, George Brueckmame of Co. F, Henry Schmull of Co. H, and Andrew Schmidt of Co. I; also Corps. Schweigert, Hanner, Abraham and Rosenthal, and private Jacob Ullman. The 75th was not again engaged until the battle of Chancellorsville the following year. It reached the Rappahannock too late to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg and had wintered at Stafford Court House and Hartwood Church. Meanwhile its strength was much increased by recruits and returning convalescents. At Chancellorsville it formed part of the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 11th corps, the brigade being commanded by Colonel Kryzanowski. Its loss here was 1 killed, 1 officer and 6 men wounded, and 3 officers and 48 men captured, Lieut.-Colonel Matzdorff being among the prisoners. Returning to its old camp on the Rappahannock, it remained there until it embarked on the Gettysburg campaign in June. It arrived at Gettysburg on the morning of July 1 and lost during the battle, 31 officers and men killed, 100 wounded, and 6 taken prisoners. Its heaviest loss was sustained on the first day, when it was severely engaged north of the village and to the right of the Carlisle road. During the next two days it was posted on the Cemetery hill and suffered somewhat from the enemy's shells. It shared in the pursuit of Lee and in the various maneuvres of the army until September 24, when it moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, the 11th and 12th corps having been ordered to Tennessee. Upon arriving there it was ordered to join the 3d brigade (Col . Hecker), 3d division, 11th corps, which shared in the operations for the relief of the army of the Cumberland. Crossing the Tennessee river at Chattanooga on November 22, it participated in the fighting around that city, including the battles of Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge. On January 2, 1864, it reenlisted as a veteran organization and was given the usual furlough of 30 days. Seventy-five men, who failed to reenlist, were temporarily transferred to the 82nd Ill. The veteran regiment, reinforced by many recruits, was back in camp at Nashville by the end of July. 1864. While here, details guarded the Northwestern railroad, and a reconnoissance against guerrillas was made in October. A part of the 75th was under fire at the battle of Franklin, but was not especially active. Co. E, stationed several miles below Nashville on the Tennessee & Alabama railroad, was captured. During the balance of its service it was chiefly engaged in guarding trains, scouting and provost duty. It was mustered out of service at Murfreesboro, Tenn., September 1, 1865, and on the 9th left for Harrisburg, where it arrived on the 12th, 236 strong.

Seventy-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, John M. Power, D. W. C. Strawbridge, J. C. Campbell, John S. Littell; Lieut.-Colonels, D. H. Wallace, J. C. Campbell, John W. Hicks, John S. Littell, Charles Knerr; Majors, Oliver M. Irvine, Cyrus Diller, John W. Hicks, William S. Diller, Charles Knerr, W. S. Moorhead. The 76th regiment, known as the Keystone Zouaves, was recruited in the counties of Lawrence, Mercer, Blair, York, Bedford, Westmoreland, Luzerne and Beaver. It rendezvoused at Camp Cameron, Harrisburg, where the members were gradually mustered into the U. S. service during the months of September, October and November. 1861, for three years. On November 18 the regiment received its colors from the governor and the next day it left for Fortress Monroe. It arrived at Hilton Head, S. C., early in December and was engaged in the work of fortification here until April, 1862, being assigned to General Wright's brigade. On April 8 it was ordered to Tybee island, at the mouth of the Savannah river, and assisted in the reduction of Fort Pulaski, returning to Hilton Head on the 19th. It participated in the attack on Fort Johnson, near Secessionville in June, and in October it took a conspicuous part in the Pocotaligo expedition, losing 75 officers and men. It was then engaged in picket duty on Botany Bay, St. Helena and Folly islands until July, 1863. With four companies of the 7th Conn., it made a gallant assault on Fort Wagner on Morris island, in July, losing 187 men in the bloody engagement. It was also engaged in the second desperate assault a few days later, losing 17 killed and wounded. Scout, picket and guard duties, and the work of repulsing numerous night attacks from the mainland, occupied the regiment until May, 1864, when, with the 10th corps, it was ordered to Virginia, and attached to the Army of the James as part of Barton's brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. It was shortly afterward engaged on the Richmond & Petersburg railroad, losing 65 men; was active at Swift creek and Drewry's bluff, suffering some loss; was heavily engaged in the fighting at Cold Harbor in June; participated in the first assaults on Petersburg, and shared actively in the work of the siege, casualties occurring almost daily. It fought at Deep Bottom and Bermuda Hundred in August; suffered a heavy loss in the sanguinary engagement at New Market heights when Fort Harrison was captured; was engaged on the Darbytown road on the skirmish line from dawn until ten at night, with a loss of 1 killed and 12 wounded; and in December, 1864, participated in the expedition for the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C. It also shared in the second and successful expedition against the fort in January, 1865, being attached to Pennypacker's brigade, which lost heavily in the desperate fighting that resulted in the capture of the fort. Later it moved with the army against Wilmington, N. C., and thence to Raleigh, where the 76th was detached for provost duty. It was mustered out at this place on July 18, 1865, the original members (except vets. and recruits) having been mustered out at Harrisburg, November 28, 1864. During the homeward passage, several men were lost by the sinking of one of the transports. It reached Harrisburg, July 23, and here the men were paid and finally discharged.

Seventy-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Frederick S. Stumbaugh, Thomas E. Rose; Lieut.-Colonels, Peter B. Housum, Frederick S. Pyfer, Alexander Phillips, William A. Robinson; Majors, Stephen N. Bradford, Alexander Phillips, William A. Robinson, Joseph J. Lawson. The 77th regiment, principally composed of men from the counties of Franklin, Cumberland, Allegheny, Lancaster, Huntingdon, Blair, Fulton and Luzerne, rendezvoused first at Chambersburg and later at Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service in September and October, 1861, for three years. Co. H was never fully organized on account of lack of numbers and was finally disbanded after being with the regiment for some time. A company of artillery under Captain Muehler was recruited to form part of the regiment, but was detached at the beginning of 1862 and never rejoined the command. On October 18, 1861, the regiment left the state and proceeded by transport to Louisville, Kentucky, and moved thence to Nolin creek, where it encamped for some time, and was assigned to the 5th brigade (General Wood), 2nd division (General McCook), Army of the Ohio (General Buell). On March 2, 1862, the regiment arrived at Nashville and on April 7 it participated with its division in the second day's struggle at the battle of Shiloh, with a loss of 3 killed and 7 wounded. On May 28 the command was in front of the works at Corinth, Miss., and after the evacuation on the 30th it slowly returned to Nashville, arriving there early in September. Later in the month it hastened with Buell's army to the protection of Louisville; was engaged with the enemy at Floyd's fork, Kentucky, and skirmished at Fern creek and Claysville. The regiment was not engaged at Perryville and soon after that battle returned to Nashville, where it rested until the opening of the winter campaign. Late in November it had a sharp skirmish near La Vergne, and about a month later moved with the army of the Cumberland under Rosecrans on the Murfreesboro campaign. The regiment was heavily engaged in the battle of Stone's river, and was warmly commended for its gallantry by General Rosecrans, who said: "It was the banner regiment at Stone river. They never broke their ranks." It was employed in guard, picket and foraging duties after the battle until February, 1863, and was then occupied on the fortifications at Murfreesboro until the latter part of June, when it broke camp and moved against the enemy at Liberty gap, Tenn., where it lost one-third of its effective strength. At the battle of Chickamauga the 77th fought with great courage and coolness. On the evening of the first day's battle, while attempting to hold an advanced position against great odds, it was outflanked and overpowered by a superior force, and despite the utmost bravery displayed, was forced to yield—all of its field officers, 7 line officers and 70 men being captured by the enemy. After the battle the rest of the command retired with the army to Chattanooga, whence it moved to Walden's ridge, and then to Whiteside, where it remained until the close of the year. In January, 1864, most of the men reenlisted and were given their veteran furlough, and on their return in April, the regiment moved with General Sherman on his Atlanta campaign, being successively engaged at Tunnel Hill, Resaca, Kingston, New Hope Church, Kennesaw mountain, Smyrna, the Chattahoochee river, Peachtree creek, and in the siege operations about Atlanta, destroying railroads, etc. At the close of August it was engaged at the battle of Jonesboro; was in the action at Lovejoy's Station; and after the fall of Atlanta it moved back toward Nashville with the 4th and 23d corps. In the Nashville campaign the enemy was met at various places, including Columbia, Duck river, Spring Hill, Thompson's station, Franklin and Nashville. The 77th was sharply engaged at Franklin on November 30, losing a large number killed and wounded, and it lost heavily at the battle of Nashville. After the battle it took part in the pursuit of Hood's forces as far as Huntsville, Alabama In March, 1865, it moved to Strawberry plains, Tenn., where it was joined by three new companies, and two weeks later received two more companies at Bull's gap. On its return to Nashville in April it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, Colonel Rose commanding the brigade, and Lieut.-Colonel Robinson the regiment, and was ordered to Texas, arriving at Indianola on July 27. It moved thence to Green Lake, marched to Camp Stanley, near Victoria, on the Guadaloupe river, and on December 5 was ordered home. It arrived at Philadelphia January 16, 1866, where it was finally mustered out.

Seventy-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William Sirwell, Augustus B. Bonnaffon; Lieut.-Colonels, Archibald Blakeley, A. B. Bonnaffon, Henry W. Torbett; Majors, A. B. Bonnaffon, James N. Hosey, Robert M. Smith. The 78th regiment was recruited in the late summer and early fall of 1861 and was mustered into the U. S. service from the middle of September to the middle of October at Camp Orr on the Allegheny river, for three years. Cos. B, F, G, I and K were raised in Armstrong county, C and E in Clarion, A in Indiana, D in Indiana and Cambria, and H in Butler. On October 18, 1861, it left the state and proceeded by transport to Louisville. Kentucky. and thence by rail to Nolin creek, where it was assigned to General McCook's division, Army of the Ohio, and was brigaded with the 79th Pa., 1sf Wis., and 38th Ind., commanded by Brigadier-General James S. Negley. In December it moved with the brigade to Munfordville, Kentucky, and in March, 1862, it arrived with the division at Camp Andy Johnson, Nashville, Tenn. Throughout the remainder of the spring and summer it performed guard duty on the railroad from Nashville to Columbia, garrison duty at Pulaski and Rogersville, guard duty on the railroad from Columbia to Elk river, and was engaged in numerous skirmishes with the enemy's cavalry. While Buell's army was marching north into Kentucky, in the race with General Bragg for Louisville, the 78th was ordered into the defenses of Nashville, where the garrison was often attacked. It was engaged at La Vergne, Neely's bend, White creek, Charlottesville and Franklin Pike, remaining in Nashville until December 12, when it moved to Camp Hamilton, where it" was assigned to Miller's brigade, of Negley's eighth division. It was heavily engaged at the sanguinary battle of Stone's River, or Murfreesboro, where it behaved with great gallantry, losing 190 men killed and wounded. In January, 1863, the Army of the Cumberland, under General Rosecrans, was divided into three corps, the 14th, 20th and 21st, and the 78th was assigned to the 3d brigade (Colonel Miller), 2nd division (General Negley), 14th corps (General Thomas). It was engaged in provost duty at Murfreesboro until April, and in June shared in Rosecrans' campaign from Murfreesboro to Tullahoma. It then encamped at Decherd until August 15, when it moved with the army in pursuit of Bragg. On September 11, a part of the regiment was engaged at Dug gap, Georgia, the whole regiment shared in the desperate fighting at Chickamauga and then retired with the army to Chattanooga. While here it was assigned to the 3d brigade (General Starkweather), 1st division (General R. M. Johnson), 14th corps (General John M. Palmer). In the decisive engagements at Orchard Knob, Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge, the 78th was engaged with small loss, and it participated in a reconnoissance to the summit of Lookout mountain. In company with the 21st Wis., the regiment was assigned to duty on Lookout mountain until May, 1864, when it rejoined its brigade at Graysville and moved with Sherman's army on the Atlanta campaign. It saw much hard righting at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard Roost gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church and in the long struggle before Kennesaw mountain. While in front of Kennesaw mountain it was ordered to Chattanooga to guard wagon trains to the front and was thus employed for three months, when it was ordered to report to General Rousseau at Nashville. It was active at Pulaski, Tenn., and a little later was mounted and moved with Rousseau against the enemy's cavalry in Southern Tenn., returning to Nashville on October 17. Its term of service having expired, all the original members, except the veterans and recruits, returned to Pennsylvania and were mustered out at Kittanning, November 4, 1864. The veterans and recruits remained at Nashville and in March, 1865, the regiment was recruited to the minimum strength by the assignment of eight new companies, commanded by Colonel Bonnaffon. The regiment as thus organized was finally mustered out at Nashville on September 11, 1865.

Seventy-ninth Infantry.—Colonel. Henry A. Hambright; Lieut.-Colonels, John H. Duchman, William S. Mellinger; Majors, William S. Mellinger, Michael H. Locher, John S. McBride. The 79th was raised in the Tate summer and early fall of 1861. It rendezvoused by companies at Camp Wilkins, Pittsburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service in September and the early part of October for three years. It was recruited from Lancaster county, with the exception of Co. D, which came from Washington county, most of the officers and men having been in the three months' service. On October 17 it received its colors from the hands of Governor Curtin at Allegheny City, and the following day embarked at Pittsburg for Louisville, Kentucky. From Louisville it moved to Camp Nevin, on Nolin creek, and three weeks later crossed' that stream to Camp Negley, where it was assigned to Negley’s brigade, McCook's division, Army of the Ohio, under General Buell. Upon the opening of the spring campaign in 1862, it moved with the division to Nashville, thence to Columbia at the end of March, where a detachment of Co. A, under Captain Kendrick, was captured by Morgan's cavalry on the Pulaski road. but was soon paroled. About the middle of May it shared in an expedition to Rogersville, Tenn., and Florence, Alabama, and on the 29th moved towards Chattanooga with General Negley's column, sharing in the engagements at Jasper, Sweden's cove, and Chattanooga, after which it returned to Shelbyville, having marched 284 miles in 14 days. The records of the regiment show that on July 4, out of 908 members, 50 were in hospital, 33 dead, 51 discharged, and 7 had deserted. The regiment next proceeded to Tullahoma, where it was assigned to a brigade made up of the 15th, 16th and 19th regulars, under command of General William S. Smith. It next moved to Manchester and on August 8 to Nashville, where it was variously employed until September. Meanwhile, the regimental band was mustered out by order of the war department, and the regiment was assigned to the 3d brigade (General Starkweather), 1st division (General Rousseau), 14th corps (General McCook). It moved north in September with Buell's army, in the exciting race with General Bragg, and was heavily engaged at the battle of Perryville, losing 37 killed, 149 wounded and 3 missing. After the pursuit of the enemy for several days it moved to Mitchellville, Tenn., and guarded the Louisville & Nashville railroad there for a month. In December, having rejoined the main army at Nashville, it moved on the Stone's river campaign and was engaged at Murfreesboro with a loss of 2 killed and 10 wounded. The 79th numbered at this time 35 officers and 688 enlisted men, of whom 25 officers and 484 men were present for duty. It remained at Murfreesboro after the battle until the following June, being engaged in numerous foraging expeditions. Assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 14th corps, it moved with Rosecrans' army on the summer campaign, and suffered severely in the bloody two days' battle of Chickamauga, where of the 17 officers and 350 men in action, it lost 16 killed, 66 wounded and 47 missing. During the battles of Orchard Knob, Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge, the 79th was employed in garrisoning the forts of Chattanooga and was not engaged. On February 9, 1864, 265 men reenlisted and were mustered in on the 12th. After sharing with its division in the engagements at Buzzard Roost and Tunnel Hill, Georgia, the veterans were given their furlough and on their return rejoined their brigade at Buzzard Roost on May 9, 1864. From this time on it actively participated in the almost constant fighting leading up to the fall of Atlanta. Its losses during the Atlanta campaign were 6 killed, 86 wounded (12 mortally) and 2 captured. It marched with Sherman to the sea, rested at Savannah for a month, and in January, 1865, moved with the army in the march through the Carolinas. It was heavily engaged at the battle of Bentonville, losing 13 killed and 46 wounded. At Goldsboro, N. G, March 22, it received 200 recruits, then marched to Raleigh and thence to Martha's Vineyard, where it encamped. After Johnston's surrender it moved via Richmond to the vicinity of Washington and was mustered out near Alexandria. Virginia, July 12, 1865.

Seventh Cavalry.—Colonels, George C. Wynkoop, William B. Sipes, C. C. McCormick; Lieut.-Colonels, William B. Sipes, James J. Seibert, James F. Andress; Majors, John E. Wynkoop, James J. Seibert, James Given, Charles C. Davis, William H. Jennings, James F. Andress, Cyrus Newlin, Benjamin S. Dartt, Charles L. Greene, Uriah C. Hartranft. The 7th cavalry, the 80th regiment of the line, was composed of men from the counties of Schuylkill, Lycoming. Tioga, Bradford, Northumberland. Montour, Clinton, Center, Chester, Luzerne, Dauphin, Cumberland, Berks and Allegheny. It rendezvoused by companies at Camp Cameron, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service in September, October, and November, 1861, for three years. Colonel Wynkoop was an experienced cavalry officer in the militia and had served as brigadier-general in the three months' service, in which many of the officers and men had also served. The regiment received its colors from Governor Curtin on December 18 and the following day left the state for Louisville, Kentucky, where it reported to General Buell, commanding the Department of the Ohio. It remained in camp of instruction at Jeffersonville, Ind., until the end of January, 1862, when it moved to Nashville, Tenn., where the 1st battalion under Major Wynkoop was assigned to General Negley's brigade; the 2nd, under Colonel Wynkoop, to General Dumont at Nashville; the 3d, under Major Given, to Colonel Duffield's command, two companies being posted at Murfreesboro and two at Lebanon. The detachments were now employed in scouting in western and middle Tenn., the 2nd and 3d battalions, with the 1st, 4th and 5th Kentucky cavalry being hotly engaged with Morgan's cavalry at Lebanon in May, when the enemy was defeated and 170 prisoners taken. The loss of the 7th was 3 killed, 13 wounded and 3 captured, Major Given being among the prisoners. In the early part of June the 1st battalion accompanied General Negley to Chattanooga, skirmishing at Sweden's cove and in front of Chattanooga. The 3d battalion, now under Major Seibert, -was engaged in June with Forrest's cavalry at McMinnville and Readyville, and on July 13, it was surprised and captured by Forrest at Murfreesboro, together with the rest of the garrison. The 7th lost 5 killed and 20 wounded in the engagement and the men captured were paroled. Early in July the 1st battalion, as a part of General Smith's brigade, occupied Manchester. The 2nd and 3d battalions shared in General Dumont's expedition across the Cumberland mountains, beating and routing the enemy at Pikeville. They were again engaged a little later with Forrest's cavalry at Calf Killer creek, where they lost some prisoners. In an engagement at Gallatin in August with Morgan's cavalry, a detachment of the 7th, under Colonel Wynkoop, forming part of General Richard Johnson's provisional brigade, suffered a loss of 11 killed and wounded and 43 taken prisoners. The 1st battalion was active with some loss at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, but the other two battalions, attached to Negley's brigade, remained in garrison at Nashville. When General Rosecrans assumed command of the Army of the Cumberland in November, 1862, it was completely reorganized, the 7th Pa. being assigned to the 1st brigade (Colonel Minty), 2nd division, of the cavalry commanded by General D. S. Stanley. The regiment was constantly skirmishing in the advance of the army on Murfreesboro and was active in the battle there, losing 2 killed, 9 wounded and 50 missing. It was again engaged at Rover, in January, 1863, executing a gallant charge and driving the enemy. It was once more active at Rover and Unionville in March, with a loss of 2 killed and 7 wounded. The 1st brigade now joined Sheridan's division, which marched to Franklin; skirmished with Van Dorn and Forrest at Spring Hill and Rutherford creek, and returned to Murfreesboro. From that time until the following June the command was variously engaged, being active at Snow hill, McMinnville, and Murfreesboro. On June 24 it moved on General Rosecrans' campaign to Tullahoma. being active at Guy's gap, Shelbyville, Elk river and Sparta. In September it took part in the Chickamauga campaign and after the battle pursued Wheeler's cavalry for 18 days into Alabama. In the early part of the year 1864, most of the members reenlisted at Huntsville, Alabama, and were given the usual veteran furlough. On their return the command was recruited to about 1,8oo men and engaged in drill and preparation at Columbia for the spring campaign. On April 30, under command of Colonel Sipes, it joined General Sherman for the Atlanta campaign, being attached to Garrard's division, and saw much active service from this time on. It was in actions at Rome, Dallas and Villa Rica road, Big Shanty, M'Afee cross-roads, Noonday creek and Kennesaw mountain; raided the Augusta & Atlanta railroad in July; shared in the raid on Covington; was engaged at Flatrock bridge, and on August 1 entered the trenches in front of Atlanta. It joined in General Kilpatrick's raid in August; skirmished at Fairburn, Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station, losing 43 men during the expedition. In October it was active at Rome, and the following day made a gallant charge on infantry and captured 2 pieces of artillery. It had suffered much in men, horses and equipment during the strenuous campaign and was now ordered to Louisville to refit . Here many of the officers whose original term of service had expired were mustered out . After the battle of Nashville and the defeat of Hood, the command was stationed at Gravelly Springs, Alabama, on the Tennessee river, drilling and making preparation for the spring campaign. In the latter part of March, 1865, it joined General Wilson in his raid through Alabama and Georgia, skirmished at Plantersville on April 1, led the assault upon the enemy's works the following day at Selma, losing heavily in killed and wounded, and was again active at Columbus. The war was now practically ended. The regiment remained at Macon until August 23, 1865, when it was mustered out .

Eighty-first Infantry.—Colonels, James Miller, Charles F. Johnson, H. Boyd McKeen, William Wilson; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles F. Johnson, Ell T. Conner, H. Boyd McKeen, Robert M. Lee, Jr., Amos Stroh, Thomas C. Harkness, William Wilson, Lawrence Mercer; Majors, Eli T. Conner, Robert M. Lee, Jr., Thomas C. Harkness, William Wilson, Lawrence Mercer, James H. Mitchell. The 81st regiment, composed of men from the city of Philadelphia, and the counties of Carbon and Luzerne, was mustered into the U. S. service in August, September, and October, 1861, at Philadelphia, for three years. Colonel Miller was a soldier of the Mexican war and many of the officers and men had served in the state militia or during the three months' campaign. It left the state for Washington on Oct . 10, and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, commanded by Generals Howard, Richardson and Sumner respectively. It remained inactive during the succeeding winter, except for numerous details sent out on scout duty. In March, 1862, active operations against the enemy commenced and a month later, having been transferred to the Peninsula, it engaged in McClellan's campaign to Richmond. Upon reaching the Chickahominy it was employed in building the Sumner bridge over which it marched to Golding's farm, where it engaged in a sharp skirmish with the enemy. The regiment saw much fighting and suffered severely during the rest of the campaign. Colonel Miller was killed at Fair Oaks, and on the retreat to the James river, the 81st was engaged at Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Charles City cross-roads, where Colonel Johnson and Captains Conner and Harkness were wounded, and at Malvern hill, where Lieut. Colonel Conner was killed while gallantly leading his men. It arrived too late to share in the 2nd battle of Bull Run and was in reserve at South mountain, but was heavily engaged with loss at Antietam, where Captain Schuyler and Lieut. Vandyke were among the killed. It fought at the battle of Fredericksburg and then returned to winter quarters near Falmouth, where it remained until April 26, 1863. It suffered considerable loss at the battle of Chancellorsville, Colonel M'Keen and Major Harkness being among the severely wounded, and after the battle returned to Falmouth until the end of May. It then moved to Stoneman's switch and on June 18 to Stafford Court House, where it skirmished with the enemy. After a series of exhausting marches it arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1 and immediately threw up breast-works. On the following day it was heavily engaged until 9 p. m. in the wheat field beyond the peach orchard, losing one-half its effective strength. On the 3d day it was posted near the cemetery. It joined in the pursuit of Lee and subsequently participated with the 2nd corps in the "campaign of maneuvres" in the Valley of Virginia, and in the operations at Mine run. The winter of 1863-64 was spent about Brandy Station and Stevensburg. A portion of the command reenlisted in January, 1864, and the men were given the usual veteran furlough, though the veterans, with a large number of recruits, returned before the opening of the spring campaign of 1864. Colonel M'Keen commanded the brigade and Lieut.-Colonel Wilson the regiment . In the desperate fighting which now ensued, the 81st had its full share, being engaged at the Wilderness, Po river, Spottsylvania, North Anna river, Totopotomy and Cold Harbor. Lieut.-Colonel Wilson was severely wounded in the desperate assault by the 2nd corps at Spottsylvania, and Colonel M'Keen was killed in the last assault at Cold Harbor. It was actively engaged with its corps in the first assaults on Petersburg, suffering considerable loss, and fully maintained its reputation as a fighting regiment in the engagements at Strawberry Plains, Reams' station and Deep Bottom. The winter of 1864-65 was spent in the trenches in front of Petersburg and at the end of March it participated with its corps in the final campaign. It did not again suffer serious loss, though frequently engaged, and was almost constantly on the march until the desperate assault on Lee's lines at Farmville, where the 81st suffered severely, Captains Wilson and Bond being among the killed. After Lee's surrender it returned to Washington and was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, June 29,1865. Its total losses during the four years of service were 14 officers killed, 45 wounded, 3 prisoners, 2 died of disease, 201 enlisted men killed, 516 wounded and 79 died of disease.

Eighty-second Infantry.—Colonels, David H. Williams, Isaac C. Bassett; Lieut.-Colonels, Frank Vallee, John M. Wetherill, James R. Neiler; Majors, John M. Wetherill, Isaac C. Bassett, Lyon L. Emanuel, William Clark. The 82nd regiment, numbered the 31st until after the battle of Fair Oaks, was recruited from Philadelphia, with the exception of Co. B, which was recruited in Pittsburg, in the late summer of 1861. The men rendezvoused at Suffolk Park, and in July, August and September were slowly mustered into the U. S. service for three years. On account of the threatened danger to the national capital the first four companies assembled were ordered to Washington and the other companies joined them there as fast as they were organized. The regimental organization was effected in Washington. It was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Graham), 1st division (General Buell and later General Couch), 4th corps (General Keyes). It occupied the defenses of Washington for a period of 6 months, engaged in drill, guard and fatigue duty, but March 9 it advanced with the army to Manassas. It returned again after a few days to its old quarters and two weeks later proceeded to Fortress Monroe, whence it moved upon McClellan's Peninsular campaign. The first month was passed at Yorktown, where it crossed the Chickahominy on May 22 and on the 31st engaged the enemy at Fair Oaks, its first serious battle, displaying commendable coolness and bravery. Its loss here was 8 killed and 24 wounded. On the retreat to Harrison's landing it was engaged at Charles City crossroads and Malvern hill, suffering severely in the latter battle. It was in line, but not active, at Chantilly and was only slightly engaged at Antietam. Shortly after this battle it encamped at Downsville, where it was attached to the 6th corps, with which it continued throughout the remainder of its service. It was active at Fredericksburg, but was protected by a deep ditch from the heavy fire of the enemy and suffered only small loss. The winter was without especial incident, except Burnside's Mud March in January, 1863. In the Chancellorsville campaign the corps was commanded by General Sedgwick and the division by General Newton. It was heavily engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville, where it formed part of the column which stormed Marye's heights, and it also shared in the desperate fighting at Salem Church. Moving in June on the Gettysburg campaign, it arrived on the field of battle after a hard forced march, on the afternoon of July 2, and went into position on the left of the line near Little Round Top. The fighting had nearly ceased at this point and it was not engaged, but on the third day of the battle it was shifted to the extreme right of the line in support of General Geary and was exposed to a severe artillery fire. It was then moved to the left and finally to the center, where it was in reserve until the close of the battle. In the pursuit of Lee which followed it had a sharp skirmish with the enemy at Funkstown, Maryland. When the army returned to Virginia it shared in the ensuing campaign of maneuvres; acted as support to a battery at Rappahannock Station; participated in the abortive movement upon Mine run; and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station upon the abandonment of the campaign. While here, about one-half the regiment reenlisted and was given a veteran furlough. It was ordered with its brigade at this time to Johnson's island, opposite Sandusky, Ohio, as it was thought best to strengthen the guard over the Confederate officers there confined until the ice on Lake Erie should break up. On May 6 it proceeded to Washington and thence to Belle Plain landing, where it was engaged in guarding prisoners for a time. It rejoined the brigade at the North Anna river, but was not heavily engaged until the army reached Cold Harbor, where it lost 173 in killed, wounded and missing, more than half its effective strength. Among the wounded was Colonel Bassett. It crossed the James river on June 16; was engaged in a brisk skirmish with the enemy's cavalry on June 20, and on July 6 hastened with the 6th corps to the defense of Washington, then threatened by General Early. It was active at Fort Stevens in July and again at Summit Point in August. While at Berryville, Virginia, the original term of enlistment expired and the regiment, except veterans and recruits, was ordered to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out on September 16, 1864. The veterans and recruits were organized into a battalion of five companies, which were subsequently joined by the veterans of the 23d Pa. and the regimental organization was maintained under the command of Colonel Bassett. It now shared in the successful campaign of General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, after which it returned with the 6th corps to the trenches^ in front of Petersburg. In the final campaign of 1865 it was engaged with loss at Sailor's creek and was at the extreme front when Lee surrendered. The regiment was finally mustered out on July 13, 1865, at Hall's hill, Virginia.

Eighty-third Infantry.—Colonels, John W. McLane, Strong Vincent, O. S. Woodward, C. P. Rogers; Lieut.-Colonels, Strong Vincent, Hugh S. Campbell, DeWitt C. McCoy, C. P. Rogers, William O. Colt; Majors, Louis H. Naghel, Wiliam H. Lamont, William O. Colt, W. H. Dunbar, Amos M. Judson. The 83d regiment, composed principally of men from the counties of Erie, Crawford, Warren, Venango and Mercer, rendezvoused at Camp McLane, near the city of Erie, and was mustered into the U. S. service between July 29 and September 8, 1861, for three years. The regiment was recruited by Colonel McLane, who formerly commanded the Erie regiment in the three months' service, and embraced nearly 300 of his old command. It left the state for Washington on September 18, about 1,000 strong, was there assigned to the 3d brigade of Porter's division—later the 1st division of the 5th corps—and remained in the vicinity of Washington until the following spring, being subjected meanwhile to a rigid course of instruction and discipline. By the opening of the spring campaign it had become one of the most proficient regiments in the army. After engaging in the preliminary march of the army to Fairfax Court House early in March, 1862, it was moved to the Peninsula and there embarked on General McClellan's Peninsular campaign. After engaging actively in the siege of Yorktown it advanced to Hanover Court House, where it engaged and drove the enemy, and was again engaged for half an hour on the Ashland road, 8 men being wounded. It then remained encamped for a month along the Chickahominy river and was hotly engaged at Gaines' mill, where it fought with great bravery and sustained severe losses. It went into this action 550 strong and lost 265 in killed, wounded and prisoners, both Colonel McLane and Major Naghel being among the killed. On the retreat to the James Porter's corps led the advance. In the action at Glendale the 83d supported Griffin's battery and was hotly engaged the following day at Malvern hill, losing about 150 in killed, wounded and missing, Captain Campbell, commanding the regiment, being among the wounded. On the arrival of the command at Harrison's landing it could muster only 80 muskets. It now joined the forces under General Pope, having been reinforced at Newport News by about 50 recruits, and fought with its usual gallantry at the second Bull Run battle, losing 20 killed and about 50 wounded, among the latter being Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, commanding the regiment . Major Lamont was among the captured. The 83d was present but only slightly engaged at Antietam, but at the battle of Fredericksburg its loss was 6 killed and 30 wounded. It was encamped for the winter of 1862-3 near Stoneman's station, participated in the Mud March in January, 1863, and on April 29 started on the Chancellorsville campaign. Its loss at Chancellorsville was very small and after the battle it returned to its old quarters. Two weeks later it was ordered to the Rappahannock to guard the fords and about July 15 started towards Pennsylvania. It arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the morning of July 2 and went into position in support of the artillery at the center. Colonel Vincent commanded the brigade, General Barnes the division, and General Sykes the corps. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon of the 2nd it was ordered to the extreme left and took position on Little Round Top, where it fought with great gallantry until evening. On the third day of the battle it was posted to the rear of the left center and suffered but little. Its loss in the battle was 6 killed and 38 wounded, 6 of whom subsequently died. Colonel Vincent was among the mortally wounded. After the battle it joined in the pursuit of the enemy. About this time the regiment received about 400 drafted men and substitutes, a majority of whom proved to be worthless and were constantly deserting. It now shared in the marches and countermarches of the fall campaign, being engaged at Rappahannock Station and Mine run, and finally went into winter quarters behind the Rappahannock. While here 169 men reenlisted. It moved on the spring campaign of 1864, being assigned to Bartlett's brigade, Griffin's division, 5th corps, under General Warren. In the first two engagements, at the Wilderness and at Laurel hill, it fought with desperate gallantry and lost over 300 men. It was subsequently engaged at the North Anna river and Totopotomy, but was in reserve at Bethesda Church. It crossed the James on June 16 and joined with the army in the siege of Petersburg, occupying an intrenched position close up to the enemy's works, where it was subjected to an almost ceaseless fire until relieved on the night of the 20th. It was then moved to a position on the Jerusalem plank road, and on August 16 to the Weldon railroad. On September 18 the original term of service expired, when, of its 350 effective men, about 100 were mustered out and the others were organized as a battalion of six companies, which was active at Poplar Grove church, and lost heavily at Peeble's farm on the evening of the same day. It was inactive during October and November, but shared in the raid on the Weldon railroad in December, after which it went into winter quarters on the Jerusalem plank road. It fought at Hatcher's run in February, 1865, and then encamped at Hampton Station until the opening of the final campaign. Meanwhile Cos. G, H, I and K were assigned it in March, 1865, which, with a number of recruits, brought it up to the maximum strength of a regiment. In the Appomattox campaign it was actively engaged at Jones' farm, White Oak road, Gravelly run, Five Forks, Sutherland's station and Jetersville, and joined in the pursuit to Appomattox Court House. It was mustered out at Washington on June 28, 1865, and returning to Harrisburg, the men were finally paid and discharged there on July 4. The 83d was engaged in 25 battles during service, two more than any other infantry regiment from the state. Eighty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, William G. Murray, Samuel M. Bowman; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas C. MacDowell, Walter Barrett, Thomas H. Craig, Milton Opp, George Zinn; Majors, Walter Barrett, Thomas H. Craig, Milton Opp, George Zinn, Samuel Bryan. The 84th regiment, composed of men from the counties of Blair, Lycoming, Clearfield, Dauphin, Columbia, Cameron and Westmoreland, was recruited in the late summer and early fall of 1861. It rendezvoused first at Camp Crossman, Huntingdon, and afterwards at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was organized towards the close of October, and before the end of the year all the men were mustered into the U. S. service for three years. On December 31, 1861, it left for Hancock, Maryland, and on its arrival there on January 2, 1862, crossed the Potomac and moved to Bath. Here it was confronted by the enemy under Stonewall Jackson and fell back to Hancock, moving thence to Cumberland. During the remainder of the winter the command was posted along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, but in March it moved to Winchester, where it was heavily engaged as a part of the forces commanded by General Shields. Its loss in the battle was 23 killed and 67 wounded out of 260 engaged. Colonel Murray, Captain Gallagher and Lieut. Reem were among the killed. It served on provost duty at Berryville until May 2; skirmished on the 31st at Front Royal; was again engaged at Port Republic in June; then remained encamped at Alexandria until July, when under the command of Colonel Bowman it joined Pope's army, and was assigned to Carroll's brigade, Ricketts' division, McDowell's corps. It was only slightly engaged at Cedar mountain, but fought bravely throughout the day at the second battle of Bull Run. Only a fragment of the regiment was fit for duty when it reached Washington, and on account of its reduced condition it remained at Arlington Heights during the Antietam campaign. While here its ranks were filled by about 400 recruits and returning convalescents. At Fredericksburg it formed part of General Whipple's independent division and with its brigade rendered conspicuous service during the battle. When General Hooker took command of the army, the 84th was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Colonel Bowman), 3d division (General Whipple), 3d corps (General Sickles). Its losses were very heavy at the battle of Chancellorsville, being 219 out of 391 engaged. Despite its own heavy losses it succeeded in bringing off 33 prisoners. The 84th now became a part of General Can's brigade of the 2nd corps. In the Gettysburg campaign it was detailed to guard the corps train and did not share in the great battle. In the Virginia campaign which ensued it was active at Wapping heights, Thoroughfare gap, Freeman's ford, Bristoe Station, Kelly's ford, Jacob's ford, Locust Grove and Mine run, and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. Many of the command reenlisted in January, 1864, and were given a veteran furlough. It assisted in driving the enemy at Morton's ford, Virginia, in February, and shared with the 2nd corps in the almost constant fighting from the Wilderness to the James. Lieut-Colonel Opp was mortally wounded at the Wilderness while bravely leading a charge, and in a skirmish at Pleasant hill the gallant Lieut. Nixon, who saved the command from capture at Bull Run, was severely wounded. It shared in the siege of Petersburg until June 27, when it recrossed the James and took part in the action at Deep Bottom. It then reengaged in the work of the siege until August 14, when it was again in action at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains. Once more it returned to the work of the siege; was engaged at Yellow tavern, where Lieut.-Colonel Zinn was severely wounded, and in October the original members, except veterans and recruits, were mustered out of service. The others were organized as a battalion of four companies, which were consolidated on January 13, 1865, with the 57th Pa. and served with that regiment until the end of the war. The battalion shared in the engagement of the 2nd corps at Hatcher's run in October, and was again engaged on the Weldon railroad in December. The history of the battalion after its consolidation is the same as that of the 57th (q. v.). It was finally mustered out of service with that organization on June 29, 1865.

Eighty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Joshua B. Howell; Lieut.-Colonels, Norton McGiffin, H. A. Purviance, Edward Campbell; Majors, Absalom Guiler, James P. Tredwell, Edward Campbell, Isaac M. Abraham. The 85th was recruited from the counties of Fayette, Washington, Somerset and Greene, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp La Fayette near Uniontown, November 12, 1861, for a three years' term. It was ordered to Washington at the end of November, went into camp at Camp Good Hope and was employed with a brigade under Colonel Tidball, in strengthening the defenses of Washington. On March 29, 1862, attached to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 4th corps, it left Washington for Fortress Monroe, where it joined the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the operations on the Peninsula, being engaged at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, but was not active in the battles following. From Suffolk, where it was stationed after the close of the campaign, the 85th was ordered to New Berne, N. C., and joined the Goldsboro expedition, engaging the enemy several times en route. January, 1863, was spent in camp near New Berne, and at the close of the month the regiment was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C., where it remained until April 1, when it moved to Folly island. It shared in the siege of Fort Wagner, though its ranks were sadly depleted by sickness and exposure to the trying southern summer, and occupied Morris island with the rest of the troops after the fall of the fort. In December it was ordered back to Hilton Head and encamped near Port Royal, a much more healthful locality. It joined in the unsuccessful expedition to Whitemarsh island, near Savannah, in February, 1864; was transferred in April to the Army of the James, and posted at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, where it performed picket duty until June. It then proceeded to Petersburg and was active in that vicinity in a number of engagements from June to October. On October 14, the veterans and recruits were transferred to the 188th Pa. infantry and the remainder of the men, after spending a month in camp at Portsmouth, were mustered out at Pittsburg on November 22.

Eighty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, George Hay, John W. Schall, William S. Franklin, James Tearney; Lieut.-Colonels, John W. Schall, James A. Stahle, Noah G. Ruhl, Samuel S. Bulford; Majors, Charles H. Buehler, James A. Stahle, Noah G. Ruhl, F. J. Thomas. The 87th, eight companies of which were recruited in York county and two in Adams, was mustered into the U. S. service at York in September, 1861, for a three years' term. The winter was spent on guard duty along the Northern Central railroad from the Pennsylvania state line to Baltimore and on May 26, 1862, the regiment moved to Baltimore, where it remained until June 23, when it left for Martinsburg. Shortly afterward it moved to New creek and was stationed there until late in August, when it joined an expedition to Elk Water under General Kelley in pursuit of the enemy. This was followed by a march to Beverly, Franklin and Webster under General Milroy in October and November. On December 6, it moved to Petersburg and on the 18th to Winchester, where it went into winter quarters. In May, 1863, the regiment undertook an expedition to Webster, leaving two companies at Bunker Hill on its return. In June these two companies were attacked and obliged to fall back to Winchester. The other section of the regiment was engaged at Middletown and Winchester, after which the entire regiment withdrew to Harper's Ferry, and went into camp on Maryland heights. Early in July it moved to Tennallytown, where it joined the Army of the Potomac, being assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, with which it took part in the battles of Manassas gap, Bealeton, Kelly's ford, Brandy Station and the Mine Run campaign. The regiment spent the winter of 1863-64 in camp at Brandy Station, where 180 men reenlisted With the 1st brigade, 3d division, 6th corps, it participated in the Wilderness campaign and the movement to Petersburg. At Cold Harbor its loss in killed and wounded was almost one-third of its strength. On July 6, it was ordered to the defense of Washington, which was threatened by General Early, and met him at the Monocacy, losing more heavily than in any other battle of its service. It also participated in the engagements of the Opequan and Fisher's hill. On September 23, 1864, the original members not reenlisted left the regiment and the veterans and recruits were formed into a battalion of five companies, which was closely engaged at Cedar creek. In March, 1865, the addition of five new companies perfected the regimental organization. It then participated in the final assault on Petersburg and the engagement at Sailor's creek. It was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, June 29, 1865.

Eighty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, George P. McLean, George W. Gile, Louis Wagner; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph A. McLean, George W. Gile, Louis Wagner, Edmund A. Moss; Majors, George W. Gile, D. A. Griffith, Benezet F. Foust, John S. Steeple, Aaron Bright, Jr. The 88th regiment, three companies of which were recruited in Berks county and the remainder in Philadelphia, was known as the Cameron Light Guards and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia in September, 1861, for a three years' term. It was ordered to Washington on October 1 and assigned to guard duty at Alexandria, where it received its arms and equipment . On February 18, 1862, five companies were detailed for garrison duty in forts on the Potomac, and on April 17, the regiment, reunited, moved to Cloud's mills, to guard the line of the Orange & Alexandria railroad from Bull Run to Fairfax Court House. May 7, the command was ordered to report to General McDowell and assigned to General Ricketts' division, with which it fought at Cedar mountain, Thoroughfare gap, the second Bull Run, Chantilly, Antietam and Fredericksburg, its heaviest loss being at Bull Run, where 15 were killed, 102 wounded and 48 missing. It went into winter quarters at Fletcher's Chapel and, with the exception of the "Mud March," remained there until April 28, 1863, when it started on the Chancellorsville movement. Its part in this was not important, but its service at Gettysburg was brilliant and resulted in the capture of the colors of the 16th Alabama and 23d N. C. The regiment shared in the movements of the army during the remainder of the year, ending with the Mine Run campaign, after which it went into winter quarters at Culpeper. Enough men reenlisted to insure the continuance of the 88th as a veteran organization and on May 3, 1864, it broke camp and spent the next three days in guarding wagon trains on their way to the Wilderness. Engagements followed in rapid succession at Spottsylvania, the North Anna river, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor and White Oak swamp and on June 16 the command arrived at Petersburg. Here it was engaged on June 18 and at the Weldon railroad in August, besides performing arduous siege duties. In February, 1865, it joined in the Hatcher's run movement, being engaged at Dabney's mills and afterward encamping on Hatcher's run. It participated in the final assault on Petersburg and in the pursuit after the evacuation of the city and returned to Washington, where it was mustered out of the service on June 30, 1865.

Eighth Cavalry.—Colonels, David McM. Gregg, Pennock Huey, E. G. Chorman, William A. Corrie; Lieut.-Colonels, A. E. Griffiths, Samuel Wilson, William A. Corrie, Robert Oldham; Majors, Albert J. Enos, Pennock Huey, William H. Forrest, Peter Keenan, William A. Corrie, Joseph W. Wistar, Robert McCool, Robert Oldham, Benjamin A. Phifer. It was at first intended to equip this regiment—the 89th of the line—as a rifle regiment, but it was afterwards changed to a cavalry organization. It was recruited in Philadelphia and in Lycoming, Bucks and Schuylkill counties, and was mustered into the U. S. service from July 23 to September 17, 1861, at Philadelphia, for a three years' term. It left the state for Washington on October 4, where it was brigaded with the 3d Pa. cavalry and spent the winter in the vicinity of the capital in the performance of various routine duties. On January 17, 1862, the vacancy caused by the retirement of Colonel Chorman was filled by the appointment of Captain David M'M. Gregg, of the 6th U. S. cavalry, an experienced officer and a graduate of West Point. In the Peninsular campaign the brigade was enlarged by the addition of the 1st regular cavalry and was attached to the 4th corps. It shared in a light skirmish at New Kent Court House and soon after participated in a severe skirmish near Garnett's house, where it suffered its first losses. It was present at the battle of Fair Oaks and active at Malvern hill. During this campaign companies D, A and B were detached from the regiment on special duties. Upon its arrival at Harrison's landing, Colonel Gregg assumed the command of a cavalry brigade which included the 8th, which was employed in heavy picket duties. It moved with Pleasonton's brigade to Yorktown, serving as rear-guard, but returned to Alexandria just after the second Bull Run battle. On September 4, it was sent to Freedom hill, encountering the enemy there, at Sugar Loaf Mountain and Darnestown. On the 12th it entered Frederick and drove out the rear-guard of the enemy's cavalry, securing a number of prisoners. It then moved on a reconnoissance to Gettysburg, captured about 50 more prisoners, and thence marched to the battle-field of Antietam, skirmishing on the Sharpsburg pike on the day after the general engagement. It remained encamped at Sharpsburg for a time; had a sharp engagement with the enemy at Charlestown; and on October 26, as a part of Pleasonton's cavalry, led the advance of the army into Virginia, being engaged in rapid succession with heavy losses at Philomont, Upperville, Aldie, Barbour's cross-roads, Ashby gap, Chester gap, Orleans, Amissville and Hazel river. It was next assigned to picket duty at the fords of the Rapidan and Rappahannock, and while in the vicinity of Leeds, a squadron under Captain Wilson, was captured after a spirited resistance. It moved to Fredericksburg on the night before the battle and had one squadron engaged on the following day. When General Bayard fell, Colonel Gregg was ordered to assume command of the division and was officially notified on the field of his promotion to brigadier-general. Major Huey succeeded to the command of the regiment on June 17, 1862. The regiment now returned to Falmouth and was employed in scout and picket duty along the Rappahannock, going into winter quarters at Acquia creek about the middle of February, 1803. While here it was assigned to Colonel Devin's brigade of Pleasonton's division, comprising the 8th and 17th Pa. and 6th N. Y. cavalry. On April 21 it embarked upon the Chancellorsville campaign and in the first day's fighting at Chancellorsville suffered heavily in killed, wounded and horses. On May 2nd, it made one of the most gallant charges in the war, winning for itself the following commendation from General Pleasonton: "The distinguished gallantry of the 8th Pa. regiment, in charging the head of the enemy's column, advancing on the 11th corps, on the evening of the 2nd inst., has excited the highest admiration. * * * The gallant McVikar, the generous chivalric Keenan, with 150 killed and wounded from your smalt numbers, attest the terrible earnestness that animated the midnight conflict of the second of May." After the battle, it moved to Potomac creek, and on the 14th to Acquia creek and Falmouth, being engaged in picket duties until the Gettysburg campaign. It was in action at New Market,  losing 15 killed and wounded, and as part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd cavalry division, it moved on the 30th to Westminster, thence to Hanover Junction and on July 4, to Emmitsburg, where it joined the command of General Kilpatrick, crossed South mountain and assisted in the capture of 250 wagons and 600 prisoners of the enemy's wagon train. During the next few days it was engaged in constant skirmishing in the vicinity of Boonesboro and Jones' cross-roads. Returning to Virginia, it was engaged in guard and picket duty on the Manassas railroad and at Thoroughfare gap, and in August it became a part of the 1st brigade commanded by General J. Irvin Gregg. In the campaign which followed, the regiment was heavily engaged at Sulphur springs, and was again in action two days later at Bristoe Station. In the advance to Mine Run it was sharply engaged at New Hope Church and on its return went into winter quarters at Bealeton Station. During the winter it engaged in the raids into the Luray valley and through Chester gap. Most of the men reenlisted at this time and were given veteran furloughs by battalions. Upon the opening of the Wilderness campaign the 8th participated in the various movements and battles of Sheridan's corps, losing about 100 men on the Richmond raid, 25 at Haw's shop, and 35 at Trevilian Station. At St. Mary's Church, Gregg's division was attacked by superior numbers, and the 8th again lost heavily, Colonel Huey and Captain Piggott being captured and some 40 men being killed, wounded or missing. On July 1 it crossed the James with its division, moved to Blackwater, and was engaged on picket duty until the 26th on the Jerusalem plank road. It then crossed the Appomattox and the James; was in action at Malvern hill, and again on the Charles City road. About two weeks later it was again engaged at Charles City road and in August was in action the whole day at Yellow tavern, where Lieut.-Colonel Wilson was among the wounded, and the command devolved on Major Wistar. The regiment was now reduced to about 200 men fit for duty. At Reams' station, on August 23, Major Wistar was among the wounded and the command devolved on Captain Alex. M'Callum, all its field officers having been killed, wounded or captured. It participated in the cavalry operations during the siege of Petersburg and in the spring of 1865, moved with Sheridan to Five Forks, participating in a brilliant campaign which resulted in the surrender of Lee, after which the 8th was ordered to Lynchburg and consolidated with the 16th Pa. cavalry on July 24. It was finally mustered out with that organization on August 11, 1865, at Richmond.

Ninetieth Infantry.—Colonel, Peter Lyle; Lieut.-Colonel, William A. Leech; Majors, Alfred J. Sellers, Jacob M. Davis. This regiment was organized at Philadelphia from October 1, 1861, to March 10, 1862. Its colonel and line officers, as well as many of the men, had already served in the three months' campaign in the 19th infantry; William A. Leech had been major of the 17th, and nearly all had had experience in the militia. Recruited to 900 men, it left for Baltimore on March 31, 1862, and then proceeded to Washington and Acquia creek landing, where it reported to General McDowell, commanding the 3d corps, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade (General Ricketts), 2nd division (General Ord). It was brigaded with the 26th and 94th N. Y. and 88th Pa., and with its division moved into the Shenandoah Valley in May against the enemy under Stonewall Jackson. Returning to Waterloo on July 22, it moved with Pope to the relief of Banks' army at Cedar mountain, then to Mitchell's station and after destroying the railroad bridge served as rear-guard to the army retreating across the Rappahannock. With its brigade it checked the enemy for three days at Rappahannock Station, and on August 28 assisted its division in holding back Longstreet for 8 hours at Thoroughfare gap, retiring in good order to Gainesville. The next day it was heavily engaged at Groveton, losing about 200 men in killed, wounded and prisoners. On September 6, it embarked on the Maryland campaign, attached to General Hooker's command, with which it fought at South mountain and Antietam, its loss at the latter place being 98. On the close of this campaign the division was transferred to the 1st corps, under General Reynolds, and the brigade was made to include the 88th, 90th and 136th Penn., and 26th and 94th N. Y., Colonel Lyle in command. On the return of the army into Virginia, General Gibbon became division commander and the 12th Mass. took the place of the two New York regiments. It was actively engaged at Fredericksburg as a part of Franklin's Grand Division on the left of the line, losing about 90 men in the battle. On December 19 it moved to Belle Plain, but was detached for fatigue duty at Pratt's point and remained here without incident, with the exception of the "Mud March" in January, 1863, until April 28, following, when it embarked with its division on the Chancellorsville campaign. It was active in all the operations at Chancellorsville, as a part of the 1st corps, and withdrew with the army across the river on the morning of May 6 to its old camps. With the departure at this time of the nine months' regiments, their terms having expired, the brigade was reorganized to include the 11th, 88th and 90th Penn., 12th Mass., and 97th N. Y. Toward the middle of June the 90th moved on the Gettysburg campaign and crossed the southern border of Pennsylvania on the 30th. It entered the battle of Gettysburg with 191 men and lost in killed, wounded and missing, 100. After joining in the pursuit of the enemy, it returned to Bealeton Station, Virginia, and later moved to Stevensburg, where it performed guard duty and drilled the new recruits received there. It remained upon the Rappahannock with the army until the middle of October, when it retreated to Centerville and was later employed in repairing the railroad near Bristoe Station until it took part in the Mine Run campaign, after which it went into winter quarters at Cedar mountain. In January, 1864, the 90th was quartered in the Baptist church at Culpeper, and then went into camp with its brigade on the Sperryville pike. It became a part of the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 5th corps, during the winter and on May 4, 1864, moved with the army for the Wilderness. In a fierce charge on the 5th, in which the regiment was unfortunately unsupported by the rest of its brigade, it lost 124 men out of 251 who went into action. In all the fierce fighting which now ensued the 90th had its full share, being successively engaged at Spottsylvania, the North Anna river, Totopotomy, and Bethesda Church, suffering severely. Early in June the division was reorganized, becoming the 3d of the 5th corps, General Crawford commanding. On the 16th it crossed the James river and shared in the operations before Petersburg. From June 24 to July 6 it was engaged in picket duty on the Jerusalem plank road; assisted in building Fort Davis, which it later garrisoned; and shared in the movement on the Weldon railroad, where Colonel Leech, Major Davis and about 90 men were captured, and some 20 men were killed and wounded. Captain William P. Davis now assumed command and the regiment was variously employed in destroying the Weldon railroad, building roads, etc., and in a reconnoissance to Poplar Spring Church in September, after which it served as garrison at Fort Dushane. On November 26, their original term of service having expired, the members who had not reenlisted were mustered out and the veterans and recruits were consolidated with the 11th Pa. On their arrival at Washington the men were paid; at Philadelphia the regiment was welcomed bv an escort of military and firemen, and proceeded to the armory, where it was finally disbanded.

Ninety-first Infantry.—Colonel, Edgar M. Gregory; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward C. Wallace, Joseph H. Sinex, John D. Lentz, Eli G. Sellers; Majors, George W. Todd, John D. Lentz, Eli G. Sellers, John F. Casner. This organization was recruited in the fall of 1861, and rendezvoused at Camp Chase, on the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on December 4, 1861, for three years. It left for Washington on January 21, 1862, and did guard and patrol duty at the national capital until April 27, when it moved to Alexandria, where it served as provost guard until August 21. It was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 5th corps and entered on the Maryland campaign on September 15, arriving: at Antietam on the 18th. In October it shared in a reconnoissance across the Potomac to Shepherdstown; on the 30th moved with the army under General Burnside to Warrenton; was encamped near Falmouth at Stoneman's switch until December 11, and then proceeded to the Phillips house, where the men lay on their arms until the opening of the battle of Fredericksburg. At that battle the regiment charged gallantly with its brigade and did all that brave men could in this, its maiden battle. Its loss in the charge was 2 officers and 87 men. It was among the last troops to recross the Rappahannock, and was engaged until January 28, 1863, in picketing the rear line of Burnside's army. It shared in the "Mud March" and was engaged in various fatigue and picket duties until the beginning of the Chancellorsville campaign. At Chancellorsville, where the command was actively engaged, Captain Theodore H. Parsons and Lieut. George Black received mortal wounds and Colonel Gregory was wounded in the leg. The regiment was at this time a part of the 1st brigade (Tyler's), 3d division (Humphreys'), 5th corps, commanded by General Meade. It was engaged in railroad guard duty at Stoneman's switch from May 28 to June 4, when it moved to United States ford, and thence to Mount Holly Church and Catlett's station. General Weed now assumed command of the brigade which began its march towards Gettysburg, where it arrived on the morning of July 2. Its loss in this engagement was 2 officers and 19 men. The command was heavily engaged on the afternoon of the 2nd on Little Round Top, where it met with its chief loss. After the battle it participated in the pursuit of Lee's army and during the fall campaign of 1863, was constantly marching and maneuvering, but saw little hard fighting. It shared in the Mine Run campaign and was then assigned to duty along the Rappahannock river and the Orange & Alexandria railroad. On Dec 26, most of the command reenlisted, those who did not reenlist were transferred to the 155th Pa., and the veterans left for home on furlough in January, 1864. The regiment returned to the front on March 2, and went into quarters at Warrenton Junction. On May 4 it started on the Wilderness campaign, being active at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy and Bethesda Church, finally crossing the James on June 16, and moving up in front of Petersburg. At Cold Harbor the 91st was transferred to the 1st brigade (Colonel Seitzer), 1st division. In the first assaults on the Petersburg works the regiment lost 82 men killed and wounded, and a few days later was in action on the Jerusalem plank road. On July 3, the veterans and recruits of the 62nd Pa. were transferred to the 91st, whose ranks had been sadly depleted during the trying campaign of the year. The regiment was then engaged in the work of fortification until the 21st, Colonel Gregory commanding the brigade. It was in reserve on the 30th when the mine was exploded and served on garrison duty in the forts until August 18. It shared in the movement against the Weldon railroad; was in action at Peeble's farm, where it charged the enemy's works with the division and captured a fort and a number of prisoners. It remained there strengthening the position until October 8, when it charged and captured the Davis house. On October 14, its depleted ranks were partially filled with 100 drafted recruits, and in the latter part of the month it shared in the advance to Hatcher's run. In January, 1865, it participated in the movement to destroy the Weldon railroad, losing several men captured, and in February it again lost heavily at Hatcher's run. It was active in the final campaign, being engaged at Dabney's mill, Gravelly run, Five Forks and Sailor's creek, and was near Appomattox Court House with the 5th corps when the truce was proclaimed. The-5th corps was ordered to receive the enemy's surrender, a ceremony which lasted throughout the entire day of the 9th. From Appomattox the regiment returned to Petersburg, thence to Sutherland station, Richmond and Bailey's cross-roads, where it encamped. It shared in the grand review at Washington and on July 10 was mustered out, returning thence to Philadelphia, where it was finally disbanded after nearly four years of service.

Ninth Cavalry.—Colonels, E. C. Williams, Thomas C. James, Thomas J. Jordan; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas C. James, George B. Brown, R. M. Russell, Edward G. Savage, David H. Kimmel; Majors, R. M. Russell, Griffith Jones, Edward G. Savage, John S. Detweiler, David H. Kimmel, Charles A. Apple, W. H. Longsdorf, John M. Porter, John F. Miller, Elisha Hancock, George A. Shuman. The 9th cavalry, or the 92nd regiment of the line, originally known as the Lochiel Cavalry, was recruited principally in the counties of Dauphin, Luzerne, Lancaster, Huntingdon, Perry, Cumberland, Mifflin, Blair, Wayne, Chester, Lehigh, Susquehanna, and in the city and county of Philadelphia. It rendezvoused at Camp Cameron, near Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service during the fall of 1861 for three years. The field and most of the line officers, as well as many of the privates, had already served for the three months' term. Colonel Williams was an experienced veteran, having served in the militia as early as 1832; was under General Scott, in the Mexican war; and had been in command of the Scott Legion of Philadelphia in the three months' service . On November 20, 1861, the regiment left for Pittsburg, then proceeded by boat to Louisville, Kentucky, where it reported to General Buell, commanding the Army of the Ohio, and went into camp at Jeffersonville, Ind., opposite Louisville. It spent the time until January 10, 1862, in perfecting itself in drill and discipline, and was then ordered to the front. By the urgent request of the citizens and legislature of Kentucky U was ordered to remain for the protection of the state, when the advance under Generals Buell and Mitchell was begun in the early part of February. The 1st battalion, under Colonel Williams, was posted at Grayson springs, the 2nd, under Lieut. Colonel James, at Calhoun, and the 3d, under Major Jordan, on the line of the Louisville & Nashville railroad. On March 5 the regiment was ordered into Tennessee, the 1st battalion moving to Springfield, the 2nd to Nashville and the 3d to Gallatin. The 3d saw considerable active service at this period, first meeting the enemy under Morgan at Lebanon, where, with the 7th Pa. and the 3d Kentucky cavalry, it defeated that gallant leader, capturing 293 prisoners, including Lieut.-Colonel Wood, Morgan's second in command. It was engaged in a skirmish with Morgan's rear-guard near Livingston in May, capturing the guard and scattering Morgan's forces. On June 3 it moved from Lebanon to Tompkinsville, Kentucky, and a detachment was engaged on the 6th at Moore's hill, losing 5 killed and 10 wounded, Captain McCullough being among the killed. It was again in action at Tompkinsville in July against the same enemy, and was forced by superior numbers to retire to Burkesville. In this action the enemy lost 57 killed and 140 wounded, while Major Jordan's force escaped with a loss of only 10 killed, 14 wounded and 19 prisoners—Jordan himself being among the latter. In August the regiment was reunited at Lebanon, Kentucky, and was employed in watching Morgan and Kirby Smith. It covered General Nelson's retreat after the battle of Richmond, having a sharp encounter with the enemy's cavalry at Shelbyville. At Louisville it guarded the roads leading to Tennessee, while General Buell was marching to the relief of the state. It was heavily engaged at Perryville, losing 10 killed and 27 wounded, and won the following words of praise from General Buell: "The 9th Pa. cavalry behaved most bravely, being at one time compelled to stand for three-quarters of an hour under the concentrated fire of three batteries of the enemy's artillery, and only retiring when ordered to do so." It was now ordered to Louisville to recruit, and on December 22 it shared in a daring and successful raid across the mountains of eastern Tennessee, returning to Nicholasville in January, 1863. Colonel Williams resigned in October, 1862, Lieut.-Colonel James died on January 13, 1863, and Major Jordan was promoted to the colonelcy. After being refitted at Louisville it moved to Nashville, skirmished at Franklin with Forrest's brigade, and operated for a period of 18 days on the right wing of the army of the Cumberland, holding in check a superior force of the enemy under Generals Van Dorn, Wheeler and Forrest. On March 4 it was heavily engaged near Franklin, losing 12 killed and 51 wounded, but drove the enemy, and was active the next day at Thompson's station. For its gallantry on this occasion it received honorable mention in special orders by General Rosecrans. It next shared in the campaign against Bragg, ending in the battle of Chickamauga, as a part of the 1st brigade, 1st cavalry division, General Stanley commanding. The cavalry division led the advance of the army and the 9th Pa. was active at the battles of Rover, Middleton and Shelbyville, capturing at the latter place nearly 1,000 prisoners and a battery, and breaking the enemy's cavalry organization. It was active at Elk river and captured 200 of Bragg's rear-guard at Cowan a few days later. It penetrated to Lafayette, Georgia, capturing a part of Longstreet's advance guard, and obtaining positive information of that general's presence. At the battle of Chickamauga it was again commended for its gallantry. During the winter of 1863-64 it was in east Tennessee and was active at the battles of Dandridge, New Market, Mossy creek and Fair Garden. About this time the command reenlisted for a three years' term and returned to Pennsylvania on a 30 days' furlough early in April, 1864. It was recruited to 1,200 men and returned to Louisville in the latter part of May. General Morgan made his last raid into Kentucky at this time and Colonel Jordan hastened with his regiment to the relief of Frankfort, compelling Morgan to fall back. The regiment then marched to Nashville and thence to Chattanooga. Ordered against General Wheeler, it reached Murfreesboro early in September and defeated Dibrell's brigade at Readyville a few days later, capturing 294 prisoners. Major Kimmel led the gallant charge in this action. Colonel Jordan was now placed in command of all the cavalry in Tennessee and drove and scattered the enemy under General Williams. The 9th was now assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d cavalry division, General Kilpatrick commanding, joined General Sherman at Marietta, and marched with him to the sea. On the right wing of the army, under General Howard, it led the advance to Macon and Milledgeville; attacked and captured the enemy's works at Lovejoy's Station, taking over 300 prisoners together with the guns, which were retained until the end of the war; it was heavily engaged at Griswoldville in November, losing 95 men killed and wounded; was active at Waynesboro, and Buckhead creek; and after a month's delay at Savannah it entered on the Carolina campaign, being engaged at Blackville and Aiken. The brigade then moved rapidly toward Columbia and after taking Lexington, marched toward Charlotte, N. C., where it met and defeated the enemy. The regiment reached Fayetteville on March 11, and rested a few days. It was heavily engaged at Averasboro and Bentonville, N. C., after which it rested and refitted at Goldsboro, again taking the field on April 9. It entered Raleigh on the 13th, met and engaged the Confederate forces on the Hillsboro road beyond the city, and pursued them for a number of miles until the surrender was made of the troops tinder General Johnston. General Sherman's escort, when he met General Johnston, was furnished by the 9th Pa., after which the regiment waited at Lexington for its muster out which took place on July 18, 1865.

Ninety-third Infantry.—Colonels, James M. McCarter. John M. Mark, C. W. Eckman; Lieut.-Colonels. John W. Johnston, John E. Arthur, John S. Long, John J. Nevin, C. W. Eckman, David C. Keller; Majors, John C. Osterloh, John M. Mark, John S. Schultze, John J. Nevin, C . W. Eckman, David C. Keller, John Fritz. The 93d was organized at Lebanon and mustered into the U. S. service between September 21 and October 28, 1861, for three years. It left Lebanon for Washington on November 21, and moved td Tennallytown on January 22, 1862, where it was assigned to Peck's brigade of the division later commanded by General Couch. It took part in the Peninsular campaign, being present at the siege of Yorktown, active at the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and Malvern hill and was then stationed at Harrison's landing until the battle of Chantilly. The regiment was held in reserve at Antietam and Fredericksburg and the winter of 1862-63 passed without further events of importance. Attached to the 6th corps, it participated in the Chancellorsville campaign and the battle of Gettysburg, where it arrived on July 2 and made a gallant charge. After the battle it was ordered to guard the artillery while it crossed the mountains, and was then detailed for picket duty at Funkstown. It shared in the Mine Run campaign, returning to winter quarters at Brandy Station, but late in December was ordered to Harper's Ferry. In February, 1864, about three-fourths of the regiment reenlisted and received their veteran furlough. In March it was joined by 800 men at Halltown and returned to Brandy Station. The 93d was assigned to the 2nd division of the 6th corps and was early on the field at the Wilderness, where it met with heavy losses. Engaged almost daily in the active campaign which followed the regiment lost many gallant men at Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor and then marched to Petersburg where it obtained little rest, being posted close to the enemy's works. On July 9, it was ordered to the defense of Washington, which was threatened by General Early, and it took part in the marches which followed, fighting at the Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. On October 28, 1864, the members who had not reenlisted were mustered out and in November the regiment was ordered to Philadelphia for guard duty during the presidential election. Returning to Winchester it was ordered to Petersburg in December and went into winter quarters. On March 25, 1865, it charged the enemy's works and again on Apr. 2, when Sergt. Charles Marquette won a medal of honor for the capture of a flag. The 93d fought at Sailor's creek and then joined Sherman at Danville, remaining there until ordered back to Richmond and then Washington, where it was mustered out on June 27, 1865.

Ninety-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, John M. Gosline, Gustavus W. Town, Thomas J. Town, John Harper; Lieut.-Colonels, Gustavus W. Town, Elisha Hall, Edward Carroll, J. G. C. MacFarlan, John Harper, John A. Ward; Majors, William B. Hubbs, David F. Foley, Thomas J. Town, Theodore H. McCalla, Francis J. Randall, Hugh O. Roberts, John Harper, John A. Ward, W. J. MacDonald. The 95th, many of whose members had belonged to the militia or had served with the three months' troops, was composed of men from Philadelphia and vicinity, excepting one company, which was recruited in Burlington county, N. J. It was mustered into the U. S. service from August 23 to Oct . 16, 1861, at Philadelphia, for a three years' term, and went into camp at Hestonville. It left camp for Washington on October 12 and was attached to General Newton's brigade which was stationed at Fairfax seminary in an instruction camp. It engaged in the Peninsular campaign early in 1862 and suffered severe losses at Gaines' mill. It joined Pope's army after Bull Run and Chantilly; was engaged at Crampton's gap and Antietam; participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, and went into winter quarters near White Oak Church, where it remained until the Chancellorsville action in the spring of 1863, in which it lost many men. It reached Gettysburg on July 2 and was ordered into action the same day. After the battle it camped at Warrenton and performed picket duty at New Baltimore and Culpeper, going into winter quarters near Hazel river. At the end of the year 245 members of the regiment reenlisted and were furloughed. On May 2 the veteran regiment broke camp, and as part of Upton's brigade, Russell's division, 6th corps, joined the Army of the Potomac for the Wilderness campaign. It took part in all the many engagements of the 6th corps until July 10, when it was ordered to Washington, where it was engaged at Fort Stevens, participating in the movements against General Early which followed, and fighting at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. On October 15, 1864, the original members who had not reenlisted were ordered home for muster out and the regiment was reinforced by the addition of a battalion from the 96th. In December the 95th returned to Petersburg, where it spent the remainder of the winter. In the spring of 1865 it joined in the advance upon the city and after the evacuation, in the battle at Sailor's creek. It then moved to Danville, thence to Richmond and returned to Washington, where it was mustered out on July 17, 1865.

Ninety-sixth Infantry—Colonels, Henry L. Cake, William H. Lessig; Lieut.-Colonels, Jacob G. Frick, Peter A. Filbert, William H. Lessig; Majors, Lewis J. Martin, William H. Lessig, Levi Huber. The 96th, whose nucleus was the National Light Infantry of Pottsville, one of the original five companies, was organized at Pottsville, and most of its members were Schuylkill county men. Here it was mustered into the U. S. service on September 23-30, 1861, for a three years' term, and on November 8 proceeded to Washington. Slocum's brigade, to which it was assigned, became the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 6th corps. Winter quarters were made at Fourmile run on the Loudoun & Hampshire railroad, where the regiment remained until March 10, 1862, when it joined in the Manassas campaign and subsequently in the campaign on the Peninsula. Engaged at West Point in May, it was present during the Seven Days' battles; was then ordered to Alexandria and from there to Bull Run. After that battle the regiment was next engaged at Crampton's gap, where it suffered severely; was active at Antietam; fought at Fredericksburg in December; shared in the discomforts of the "Mud March," and went into winter quarters near White Oak Church until February 1, when all but two companies were posted at Windmill point on fatigue duty. On March 1, the 96th rejoined the brigade, and took part in the Chancellorsville campaign, being engaged at Salem Church. It fought bravely at Gettysburg; joined in the pursuit which followed; was active at Rappahannock Station in November; took part in the Mine Run campaign, and made its winter quarters near Rappahannock Station. Through the eventful month of May, 1864, the regiment was almost constantly engaged from the battle of the Wilderness to Cold Harbor. It moved with the Army of the Potomac to Petersburg, but on July 10, was sent to the relief of Washington and continued with the Army of the Shenandoah. On September 22, the original members not reenlisted were ordered home and the remaining battalion was consolidated with the 95th Pa. infantry in October. It was mustered out with the 95th at Washington on July 17, 1865.

Ninety-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Henry R. Guss, Galusha Pennypacker, John Wainwright; Lieut.-Colonels, Augustus P. Duer, Galusha Pennypacker, G. W. Hawkins, John Wainwright, William H. Martin; Majors, Galusha Pennypacker, Isaiah Price, William H. Martin, L. R. Thomas. The 97th was composed of two companies mainly from Delaware county, and the remainder from Chester county, a great many of its members having previously served in the militia and in the three months' service. It was organized at Camp Wayne, West Chester, from August 22 to Oct . 28, 1861, and mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. It left for Washington on November 12, was ordered to Fortress Monroe and embarked for Port Royal, S. C. In January, 1862, it embarked on an expedition to Warsaw sound, near Savannah, proceeding thence to Fernandina and Jacksonville, Florida, returning to Hilton Head in March. On April 19 it was ordered to Edisto island and in June to Legareville, where two companies were detailed, while the remainder camped before Secessionville and was warmly engaged in the battle of June 16. In July it returned to Hilton Head and was posted in September at various points on Broad river, where the men suffered so terribly from fevers that it was found necessary to order them to St. Helena island, which was done on November 20. The regiment participated in the expedition to Charleston in April, 1863, but returned to Hilton Head, where it was transferred from the 1st to the 3d brigade and sent to Seabrook island. It joined in the siege of Fort Wagner and in October was ordered to garrison Fernandina. In March, 1864, 337 men reenlisted and were furloughed. In April the 97th was ordered to Fortress Monroe and assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 10th corps, Army of the James. It was active at Swift creek, Drewry's bluff, and Ware Bottom Church. On May 27, part of the 10th corps was sent to the support of General Grant at Cold Harbor, where it remained until June 12. Moving to Petersburg it was in action repeatedly. In December the white troops of the 10th and 18th corps were reorganized to form the 24th, and in December the 97th, with the 2nd division of the 24th corps, joined in an expedition to Fort Fisher, N. C., but returned without making an assault . In January, 1865, a second expedition composed of the same troops, with some additions, succeeded in capturing the fort after a desperate struggle. Wilmington next fell into their hands and on March 15, they joined General Sherman at Goldsboro. After being posted for a time at Raleigh and Gaston, the regiment was finally mustered out at Weldon, N. C., August 28, 1865. It lost during service 136 killed in action or died of wounds out of a total number of 1,794.

Ninety-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, John F. Ballier, Adolph Mehler; Lieut.-Colonels, Adolph Mehler, George Wynkoop, John B. Kohler, Charles Reen; Majors, George Wynkoop, John B. Kohler, John W. Beamish, Bernhard Gessler. The greater number of this regiment was composed of German soldiers who had served in the 21st. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia from August 17 to September_ 26, 1861, for three years, with the exception of two companies, which joined the regiment in December. On September 30 it left for Washington and was assigned to Peck's brigade, Couch's division at Tennallytown, where it remained until March 10, 1862, when it joined in the campaign on the Peninsula, taking part in the battles of Williamsburg and Malvern hill. Held in reserve during the battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment participated in the "Mud March" and afterward went into winter quarters near Falmouth. Attached to the 6th corps it left camp early in the spring of 1863 to share in the Chancellorsville movement and was engaged at Salem Church. It arrived at Gettysburg on July 2 after a forced march, and was immediately ordered into action, but escaped with few losses. It followed the enemy southward, took part in the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, where a large number of the men reenlisted. At the end of the year the regiment was sent to Harper's Ferry, where the veterans received their furlough early in February, 1864. They returned to Brandy Station in March, and the remainder of the regiment. which was at Halltown, joined them at the end of the month. The 08th was closely engaged at the Wilderness; was on picket duty at Spottsylvania, but constantly under fire; was active at Cold Harbor, and on June 18 it joined in the unsuccessful assault on Petersburg. After taking part in the expedition to the Weldon railroad the regiment was despatched to Washington on July 9, reinforcing the troops at Fort Stevens. It shared in the arduous marches which followed; was active at the battles of the Opequan, at Fisher's hill and Cedar Creek; returned to Petersburg in January, 1805; took part in the final assault and in the battle of Sailor's creek, and then moved to join General Sherman at Danville. Upon its return to Washington it was there mustered out on June 29, 1865.

Ninety-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas W. Sweeny, Peter Fritz, Jr., Asher S. Leidy, Edward R. Biles; Lieut.-Colonels, William P. Seymour, Asher S. Leidy, Edward R. Biles, John W. Moore, Peter Fritz, Jr.; Majors, Asher S. Leidy, Henry A. Read, John W. Moore, Peter Fritz, Jr., G. W. Tomlinson. The 99th regiment, composed of Philadelphia men, most of whom had served in the 22nd, was organized at Philadelphia and mustered into the U. S. service at different times from July, 1861, to February, 1862. The first three companies left for Washington on August 8, 1861, and camped near Alexandria, where they were joined by the other companies as they arrived. On February 19, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Washington for garrison duty at various forts, and in April it was assigned to similar duty along the Anacosta river from Burning bridge to Alexandria. On July 4, at Harrison's landing, it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, with which it had taken part in the campaign on the Peninsula and was active at the second Bull Run battle. It was engaged at Chantilly, but was not called into action at Antietam, being next closely engaged at the battle of Fredericksburg. In May, 1863, at Chancellorsville, the regiment shared in the famous charge made by General Kearny. It remained in this vicinity until the opening of the Gettysburg campaign. On July 2 the regiment was hotly engaged, but held its ground with great loss of numbers until relieved. For its heroism it was highly complimented and thanked by General Ward and General Birney. Moving southward with the army, the 99th went into camp near the Warrenton sulphur springs, where it was stationed until October 10. On November 7 it captured a large body of prisoners at Kelly's ford on the Rappahannock, where it was sent to clear the way for the troops. It participated in the Mine Run campaign, then established winter quarters at Brandy Station, where in February, 1864, a large number of the regiment reenlisted and were furloughed. On April 7 they returned to Brandy Station, when the Army of the Potomac was reorganized, the 99th forming part of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, which left Brandy Station on May 3 and was called into action at the Wilderness. It held its ground during the night of May 5 and advanced the next day, displaying great bravery, holding its position until all the other troops except the 20th Indiana had been forced back. It was thanked for its heroism by General Birney. At Spottsylvania it participated in the gallant charge of the 2nd corps, capturing 2 battleflags and 2 pieces of artillery, besides its share of the prisoners. Another successful assault was made by the 99th Pa. and the 20th Ind. on the 17th, and on the 29th the regiment received the veterans and recruits from the 26th Pa. Moving to Petersburg it was engaged at Deep Bottom in July, capturing a battery and on its return to Petersburg the troops were complimented by General Hancock in special orders. Again, for gallantry in capturing a picket line on September 10, the 99th was mentioned in special orders by Hancock. Early in October it had several skirmishes with the enemy about Poplar Grove Church and a few days later met the enemy on the Boydton plank road. It took part in the raid on the Weldon railroad, going into winter quarters at Fort Seibert near the Vaughan road, along which it spent considerable time on picket duty. It engaged at Hatcher's run in February, 1865, and near the Davis house in March. Advancing with the army it was active at Sailor's creek and at Appomattox Court House, where it received the welcome news of Lee's surrender. Returning to Richmond and then Washington it took part in the grand review of the Union armies, and was mustered out on July t, 1865.

One Hundredth Infantry.—Colonels. Daniel Leasure. N. J. Maxwell; Lieut.-Colonels, James Armstrong. David A. Leckey. Matthew M. Dawson. Joseph H. Pentecost, N. J. Maxwell, Charles Wilson; Majors, David A. Leckey, Matthew M. Dawson, James Armstrong, James H. Cline, T. J. Hamilton, David Critchlow, N. J. Maxwell, James W. Bard. The 100th, known as the Round Head regiment, was recruited in the southwestern part of the state in August, 1861, and ordered to Washington on September 2, where its organization was completed and it was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. Twelve companies were recruited but one was transferred to the 105th infantry. It was next ordered to Fortress Monroe, where it embarked on what proved to be an expedition to Port Royal. Here the fleet arrived November 7 and captured Forts Walker and Beauregard. Beaufort was next occupied and the regiment remained in this vicinity for several months, the men suffering very much from sickness. The 10oth. participated in the operations against Charleston in June, 1862, and lost very heavily in the engagement of June 16 near Secessionville. Returning to Hilton Head and Beaufort in July, it was ordered to Virginia, later being sent to Fredericksburg and attached to the 9th corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. After various marches during the month of August, the regiment met the enemy on the Bull Run battlefield, where it saw hard service. After engaging all day and losing heavily, a final charge was ordered, from which only 198 out of 450 returned unhurt. It was active at Chantilly and South mountain, but was held in reserve at Antietam, owing to its crippled condition. It was engaged at Fredericksburg and after the battle performed important duty in covering the withdrawal of the troops, being selected as "The most reliable skirmish regiment in the brigade." In March, 1863, it was transferred to the Department of the Ohio and sent to Lexington, Kentucky, from which place it was ordered in June to the support of General Grant at Vicksburg. It participated in the fighting at Jackson, Miss., after the fall of Vicksburg, and lost many men from sickness as well as from the enemy's fire. On its return north it was ordered to East Tennessee though many of the men were not fit for active service. It participated in an engagement at Blue Springs and in the hardships of the siege of Knoxville, in spite of which almost the entire regiment reenlisted on January 1, 1864. At Annapolis, the rendezvous of the 9th corps, the 100th reported in March and became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, attached to the Army of the Potomac. The 9th corps was closely engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river and Cold Harbor. Moving to Petersburg, the 100th was repeatedly in action, notably at the explosion of the mine, the raid on the Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, the Hatcher's run movements, and in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. The regiment was mustered out at Washington on July 24, 1865.

One Hundred and First Infantry.—Colonels, Joseph H. Wilson, David B. Morris, James Sheafer; Lieut.-Colonels, David B. Morris, Joseph S. Hoard, David M. Armour, Alexander W. Taylor, Melvin L. Clark; Majors, Joseph S. Hoard, David M. Armour, Alexander W. Taylor, David W. Mullin, Henry S. Benner. The 101st regiment, of which seven companies were recruited in the counties of Allegheny, Beaver and Lawrence, and three in the counties of Tioga, Bedford and Adams, was organized at Camp Curtin. Harrisburg, late in the autumn of 1861 and there mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. On February 27, 1862, it left for Washington and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 4th corps, under General Keyes. On March 28 it moved to Newport News and was soon actively engaged in the operations on the Peninsula. It took part in the siege of Yorktown, the battle of Williamsburg, and in the battle of Fair Oaks its losses were very heavy, but the behavior of the men was most heroic. Various details occupied the regiment during the Seven Days' battles, after which it was stationed at Suffolk from September 18 to December 4, when it was ordered to New Berne, N. C., to join the expedition to Goldsboro. The enemy was encountered at Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, but the object of the movement, the destruction of the railroad bridge, was accomplished and the troops returned to New Berne, near which city they went into winter quarters. The next movement of importance was the relief of Little Washington in April, 1863. After an unsuccessful attempt to reach the city by water another effort was made by land and after a sharp encounter with the enemy at Swift creek a force was able to reach Little Washington. The regiment was stationed at Plymouth from July, 1863, to April, 1864, and there early in 1864 a large proportion of the members reenlisted. It made many excursions into the surrounding country, frequently encountering detachments of Confederate troops, and in March, 1864, was ordered for a short time to Roanoke island. Returning to Plymouth in April, General Hoke's large force approached and after three days' resistance the forts were obliged to surrender, the entire 101st being captured. The officers were imprisoned at Macon and the men at Andersonville. A few afterward escaped, some were exchanged during that summer, but the remainder were held in prison until the summer of 1865, and over half of the number died. Those of the regiment who were absent on leave or with the sick at Roanoke island, with such of the prisoners as were exchanged, kept up the regimental organization and received in March, 1865, eight new companies, which were, however, never incorporated with the original members. The regiment was mustered out at New Berne, N. C., June 25, 1865.

One Hundred and Second Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas A. Rowley, Joseph M. Kinkead, John W. Patterson, James Patchell; Lieut.-Colonels, J. M. Kinkead, John W. Patterson, William Mcllwaine, Thomas McLaughlin, James H. Coleman, James Patchell, James D. Kirk, James D. Duncan; Majors, John Poland, John W. Patterson, Joseph Brown, Thomas McLaughlin, James H. Coleman, James Patchell, James D. Kirk, James D. Duncan, Robert W. Lyon. The 102nd, whose nucleus was the old 13th regiment, was recruited at Pittsburg in August and September, 1861, and ordered to Washington in detachments, where the organization was completed. It was assigned to Peck's brigade, Couch's division, Keyes' corps, and was stationed at Washington during the winter, except two companies, which were detailed at Great Falls for a short time. It participated in the siege of Yorktown and in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and Malvern hill. The brigade was detached from the 4th corps; met the army at Centerville after the second Bull Run battle; acted as support to a battery during the engagement at Chantilly; was held in reserve at Antietam, and was attached to the 6th corps when General Burnside assumed command of the army. The regiment was next actively engaged in the Chancellorsville campaign in May, 1863, at Fredericksburg, Salem Church and Marye's heights, after which it retired to Falmouth until the battle of Gettysburg. There it arrived on July 2 and was ordered into action the same afternoon, changing its position only slightly during the battle. It joined in the pursuit of the Confederate Army and the Mine Run campaign, after which it established winter quarters at Brandy Station. Late in December, 1863, almost the entire regiment reenlisted and were furloughed. The veterans rejoined the regiment at Halltown, Virginia, in March, 1864, and the brigade returned to Brandy Station, where it was assisted to the 2nd division. The losses of the regiment at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor were very heavy and it was again in action in the first assaults on Petersburg. On July q the corps was hurried to the defense of Washington and arrived in time to render the most important service in checking General Early. It shared in the marches and counter-marches which followed, and in the battles of the Opequan, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. returning in December to Petersburg, where it went into winter quarters. On March 25, 1865. it advanced upon the enemy. joined in the final assault on April 2, and the. fight at Sailor's creek. It then moved to Danville to join General Sherman's force, but returned to Washington and was there mustered out on June 28, 1865.

One Hundred and Third Infantry.—Colonel, Theodore F. Lehmann; Lieut.-Colonel, Wilson C. Maxwell; Majors, Audley W. Gazzam, James F. Mackey. The 103d was composed mainly of men from the counties of Armstrong, Allegheny, Butler, Clarion and Indiana, and was recruited in the autumn and early winter of 1861, the men reporting at Kittanning. On February 24, 1862, it left for Harrisburg, where its organization was completed and it then proceeded to Washington. It was assigned to Keim's brigade, Casey's division, Keyes' corps, and participated in the siege of Yorktown and the engagements at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. It was inactive during the Seven Days' battles, being on the left of the line, and was in reserve at Malvern hill, its losses during the campaign having been very heavy. It was stationed for a time at Suffolk and in December was ordered to New Berne, N. C., and joined the expedition to Kingston, after which it returned to New Berne, where it remained for the rest of the winter. In the spring of 1864 it aided in the relief of Little Washington; was next quartered at Plymouth, being stationed there when the town was attacked by a large force of the enemy and captured in April, 1864. With the exception of one company, which was on duty at Roanoke island, the 103d regiment joined its comrades of the 101st in prison and 132 of its members died in Andersonville alone. In March, 1865, eight new companies were added to the regiment, but never became incorporated with it, and the regiment was mustered out at New Berne June 25, 1865, only 81 of its original muster being present.

One Hundred and Fourth Infantry.—Colonels, William W. H. Davis, Theophilus Kephart; Lieut.-Colonels John W. Neilds, Thompson D. Hart, Theophilus Kephart, J. McD. Laughlin, T. B. Scarborough; Majors, John M. Gries, Edward L. Rogers, Theophilus Kephart, J. McD. Laughlin. The 104th, all of whose members came from Bucks county except one company, was organized at Doylestown in September and October, 1861, and mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. The loyal ladies of Doylestown presented the regiment with a beautiful stand of colors, and many comforts were furnished the soldiers by the inhabitants of the city. It proceeded to Washington on November 7 and was quartered during the winter at Georgetown. As part of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 4th corps, it took part in the siege of Yorktown early in 1862, and the actions at Savage Station and Fair Oaks. In the latter engagement the conduct of the regiment was most gallant, but it paid the penalty of the loss of many brave men. The regiment was in reserve during the Seven Days' battles and arrived at Harrison's landing on July 3. It was next stationed at Gloucester point through the autumn and there winter quarters were established, but on December 28, the 104th was ordered to Beaufort, N. C . Soon afterward it proceeded to Hilton Head to join in the operations against Charleston. Camp was occupied on St. Helena island until April, 1863, when an unsuccessful movement against Charleston was made. The regiment then went into camp at Beaufort where it remained until July 6, Cos. C and H having been in the meantime transferred to Battery Taylor and Co. B to Battery Brayton. Leaving Beaufort, the regiment moved to Folly island and thence to James island to threaten Charleston by way of Secessionville. James island was held against the attack of the enemy on July 16, but the troops were withdrawn to Folly island the next day. In the siege of Fort Wagner which followed, much arduous duty was the portion of the troops and August 29 the brigade was ordered to Morris island. The island was evacuated by the enemy early in September and the 104th was stationed there during the winter of 1863-64. In December, 1863, a large number of the regiment reenlisted. On April 26, 1864, Colonel Davis was placed in command of the district between St. Helena sound and the mouth of the Savannah river and various details occupied the regiment during the early summer. In June the troops concentrated for an attack upon Charleston, but encountered the enemy upon John's island, which they were obliged to evacuate, and the expedition proved fruitless. The regiment then returned to Hilton Head, where it remained until the end of July, when it was ordered to Florida and guarded the railroad between Jacksonville and Baldwin for a month. On September 1 it returned to Alexandria and the original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Philadelphia on September 30, 1864. The veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered to Harper's Ferry and formed part of Heine's brigade. In November the regiment was ordered to Philadelphia to preserve order at the presidential election, but soon after returned to Harper's Ferry. On November 22 it joined the Army of the Potomac at Petersburg and remained there during the winter of 1864-65. In April, 1865, five new companies were received and the organization of the regiment was once more complete. It joined in the final assault on Petersburg and followed the retreating force as far as Chesterfield Station, when it returned to Petersburg and remained there until ordered to Fortress Monroe on April 20. The men were posted at Norfolk and Portsmouth until mustered out of the service at the latter place on August 25, 1865.

One Hundred and Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Amor A. McKnight, William W. Corbett, Calvin A. Craig, James Miller; Lieut.-Colonels, William W. Corbett, Calvin A. Craig, J. W. Greenawalt, L. B. Duff, Oliver C. Reddie; Majors, Mungo M. Dick, J. W. Greenawalt, Levi B. Duff, John C Conser, James Miller. The 105th was raised mainly in the counties of Jefferson, Clarion and Clearfield; was organized at Pittsburg in September and October, 1861, and mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. It was ordered to Washington in October and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, in camp near Alexandria. Leaving camp on March 17, 1862, the regiment took part in the siege of Yorktown and the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. In the latter engagement the troops fought like veterans, holding their position unsupported until nearly surrounded. Three companies were on special duty at the opening of the action and being unable to reach the regiment in its exposed position fought with the 57th Pa. After a month spent on picket duty the 105th was again in action at Glendale and Malvern hill, and by the time it reached Harrison's landing the ranks were so reduced by wounds and sickness that less than 100 were fit for active duty. While posted along the railroad between Manassas and Warrenton Junction, Cos. B, G and H were captured by the enemy. An engagement resulted at Bristoe Station, by the 1st and Hooker's divisions, on August 29, and the following day of the entire army at Bull Run, where once more the gallant work of the 105th resulted in the loss of many of its bravest. The regiment was specially complimented by General Kearny for its gallantry. September and October were spent at Washington which place the command left on October 28, and after some scouting near Leesburg arrived at Falmouth on November 24. Its next battle was Fredericksburg, after which the winter was spent in camp near Brandy Station. At Chancellorsville in May, 1863, the troops were warmly engaged and many won the Kearny medal of honor. The first two weeks of June were spent at Banks ford and then the troops started northward. At Gettysburg many fell and after the return to Virginia engagements followed at Auburn, Kelly's ford, and Locust Grove in the Mine Run campaign late in November. At the end of that campaign the camp at Brandy Station was occupied for the winter, and on December 28. 1863, nearly the entire regiment reenlisted. At the Wilderness and Spottsylvania in May, 1864, the regiment did its share of the fighting and then moved to Petersburg with the army, where it took part in the operations of the 1oth corps in August and the movements upon the Weldon railroad in October and December. On September 5 the remainder of the 63d was added to the regiment and in March, 1865. about 300 new recruits were received. At Sailor's creek the 105th was actively engaged, after which it returned to Alexandria. It participated in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out in that city on July u, 1865. Out of a total of 2,040 the regiment lost 309 members by death from wounds or disease and 199 were reported missing, but its record through all its long term of service was one of unwavering devotion to the cause, combined with heroic courage.

One Hundred and Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, T. G. Morehead, John H. Gallagher; Lieut.-Colonels, William L. Curry, John J. Sperry, John H. Gallagher, Francis Wessels; Majors, John H. Stover, John J. Sperry, J. R. Breitenbach, Ralph B. Clarke. The 106th, many of whose members had served in the militia and the 22nd infantry, was organized at Philadelphia from August 14 to October 31, 1861, and mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. Co. K was added on February 28, 1862, from the 67th Pa. It was ordered to Poolesville, Maryland, and assigned to Colonel Baker's brigade, General Stone's division, but was unable, through lack of transportation facilities, to participate in the battle of Ball's Bluff in which Colonel Baker and his regiment were engaged. It took part in the siege of Yorktown in the spring of 1862; was held in reserve during the battle of Williamsburg; was active at Fair Oaks, Savage Station, Glendale, and Malvern hill, after which a short respite followed. It arrived at Bull Run after the severest fighting was over, but at Antietam its losses were very heavy. At Fredericksburg it made a gallant charge and held the ground gained under heavy fire. Camp was broken for the Chancellorsville campaign in the spring of 1863 and the most important service rendered by the regiment was the reinforcement of the 6th corps at Salem Church. At Gettysburg it was closely engaged and captured many prisoners. After the battle it moved southward with the army; was engaged at Robertson's tavern and shared in the Mine Run campaign. Winter quarters were established at Stoneboro, where a number of the regiment reenlisted. The 106th was in action at the Wilderness; was for a number of days in the front ranks at Spottsylvania, joining in the successful charge on May 12; was also active at the North Anna river and Cold Harbor; moved to Petersburg about the middle of June and joined in the siege operations. On July 27 the veterans and recruits were formed into a battalion of three companies and united with the 69th Pa. for field service. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Philadelphia on September 10, 1864, and the veteran battalion was mustered out on June 30, 1865, at Munson's hill, Virginia. The loss by death from wounds, accident and disease in the regiment was 191.

One Hundred and Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas A. Zeigle, Thomas F. McCoy; Lieut.-Colonels, Robert W. McAllen, James MacThomson, Henry J. Sheafer, Edwin E. Zeigler; Majors, Jacob Forney, James MacThomson, Henry J. Sheafer, Edwin E. Zeigler. The 107th was recruited in the counties of Franklin, York, Dauphin, Cumberland, Lebanon, Lancaster, Schuylkill, Luzerne, Mifflin, Juniata, Bedford and Fulton, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, March 5, 1862, for a three years' term. Four days later it proceeded to Washington, then to Cloud's mills, where it was assigned on April 16 to Duryea's brigade, Ord's division, McDowell's corps. In May it was posted on the Orange & Alexandria railroad to guard the portion between Manassas and Catlett's station. On the 28th it was sent to Front Royal, but returned to Catlett’s station and remained there until August 5. when it joined General Pope's army at Culpeper. It was held in reserve at Cedar mountain, but was active at Bull Run, sustaining heavy loss. It was then attached to the 1st corps, under General Hooker, supported the reserves at South mountain, and was hotly engaged at Antietam, losing 64 men killed or wounded out of 190 engaged. On October 25, camp was established at Brook's station, which the troops left to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg and the "Mud March," after which they returned to their winter quarters. On April 28, 1863, they broke camp for the Chancellorsville movement, returning again to camp on May 6. At Gettysburg the loss in killed and wounded was heavy and 100 of the 107th were captured by the enemy, many dying in prison. The regiment moved south with the army, joined in the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters at Mitchell's station, where it was constantly employed on picket and guard duty. The 2nd division. to which it belonged, was now made a part of the 5th corps under General Warren. In February, 1864, almost all the members of the regiment reenlisted but failed to receive their veteran furlough until April. They rejoined the army on May 15 and were almost daily engaged in the actions of the Army of the Potomac until it reached Petersburg. For gallant defense of its position on May 13, the regiment was specially thanked by General Crawford. In August it met the enemy at the Weldon railroad and 145 men and 6 officers were captured. Private Solomon Hottenstein, while under guard of a N. C. regiment, led 300 other prisoners in an attack upon their guard by which they succeeded in escaping and bringing the guard into the Union lines as prisoners, for which gallant act he received a thirty days' furlough and a medal of honor. The regiment joined in the movements to Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's run, the raid on the Weldon railroad in December and action at Dabney's mill in February, 1865, when it was attached to the 3d brigade. On March 31 it met the enemy on the Boydton plank road and on April 1, took part in the engagement at Five Forks. After the fall of Petersburg it was posted for a time on the South Side railroad near Nottoway Court House and then returned to Washington, where it participated in the grand review and was mustered out on July 13, 1865.

Eleventh Cavalry.—Colonels, Josiah Harlan, Samuel P. Spear, Frank A Stratton; Lieut.-Colonels, Samuel P. Spear, George Stetzell, Frank A. Stratton, James A. Skelly; Majors, George Stetzell, Samuel Wetherill, Noah M. Runyon, Frank A. Stratton, George T. Curnog, Albert J. Ackerly, James A. Skelly, John Cassells, Samuel N. Titus, J. E. McFarland, Robert S. Monroe, John S. Nimmon, Archibald A. Menzies. The 11th cavalry, the 108th regiment of the line, known first as Harlan's light cavalry, was recruited in different states in August and September, 1861, as an independent regiment and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia for three years. Co. A was recruited in Iowa, parts of E and F in New York, part of I in New Jersey, M in Ohio and the remainder of the regiment in Pennsylvania. It moved to Washington, 1,130 strong, early in October and was assigned to General I. N. Palmer's brigade, then encamped at Ball's cross-roads, Virginia. On November 13, it was designated the 108th regiment, Pavolunteers, as only state organizations were accepted. From November 17 to March, 1862, it was stationed at Fortress Monroe. In March two companies were sent to Newport News; in May five companies were sent to Portsmouth and thence to Suffolk, being relieved by one of the companies from Newport News; the other five companies joined the Army of the Potomac in June at White House, moving to Suffolk on the 20th. From Suffolk many excursions were made into the surrounding country and the enemy was frequently encountered, the most important actions being at Deserted House, the attack on Franklin and the defense of Suffolk. On June 21 the regiment moved to Hanover Court House, where it arrived on the 26th, having been joined by the company which had been stationed at Portsmouth and Norfolk. The works at this place, with a number of prisoners, were captured and the regiment moved to White House, where it started on a raid on the Richmond & Fredericksburg railroad. Returning to Portsmouth an expedition was undertaken into North Carolina and the enemy encountered at Jackson. An expedition into Mathews county, Virginia, followed in October, after which headquarters were established at Camp Getty, near Portsmouth, whence various raids were made during the early winter. At this time 400 members of the regiment reenlisted. On January 23, 1864, the 11th was ordered to Williamsburg, but returned to Portsmouth early in April. In February, Co. G was sent to eastern Virginia on special duty. In May a raid was made on the Weldon railroad, near the Nottoway river, followed by a raid on the Danville railroad at Coalfield and the South Side railroad. From May 28 to June 9 the regiment encamped at Bermuda Hundred, after which an unsuccessful attempt was made to destroy the railroad bridge over the Appomattox. On May 11, Cos. B and H were ordered on special duty at the headquarters of the 18th corps, Co. B rejoining the regiment on June 20. Late in June the cavalry division undertook the destruction of the Danville railroad, along which and the South Side railroad, miles of track and much other property were destroyed and sharp engagements fought at Stony creek and Reams' station. July was spent in camp at Jones' neck on the James and while here Co. L relieved Co. G in eastern Virginia, the latter returning to the regiment. Late in the month the division was made a part of General Sheridan's force and joined in his famous operations, engaging the enemy at Reams' station and at other points along the Weldon railroad. Stationed during September at Mount Sinai Church, the regiment returned to Jones' neck on September 28 and was joined by Co. H. In October the cavalry participated in a number of engagements in the vicinity of Petersburg and in November went into winter quarters north of the James. In December it was engaged at New Market heights and in February, 1865, made a raid into Surrey and Isle of Wight counties. Late in March it moved to join General Sheridan at Reams' station and with him shared in the success at Five Forks on April 1 and the pursuit which followed, with frequent encounters culminating in Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Returning to Richmond it moved to Staunton and returned to Charlottesville, remaining there and in the vicinity until ordered to Richmond to be mustered out, which took place on August 13, 1865.

One Hundred and Ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry J. Stainrook, Lewis W. Ralston; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles M. Harris, Lewis W. Ralston, Frederick L. Gimber; Majors, William A. Gray, Frederick L. Gimber, Moses Veale. The 109th, for which the recruiting was almost all done in Philadelphia from December, 1861, to March, 1862, was mustered in at Philadelphia in the spring of 1862 for three years. Ordered to Harper's Ferry to join General Banks' army, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division of the corps which became the 2nd corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. It was closely engaged at the battle of Cedar mountain, and for the 109th it was truly Slaughter mountain, for less than half of its troops engaged escaped unhurt. Guard duty with the wagon trains employed the regiment until after Antietam, when the corps was reorganized and the 109th became part of Greene's brigade, Geary's division, 12th corps, and moved to Bolivar heights. Early in December it was engaged at Winchester, then advanced to Fredericksburg, but did not arrive until too late for the battle. Returning to Fairfax it encamped there until the "Mud March," after which it was posted at Acquia creek landing on fatigue duty. When General Hooker was placed in command of the army the regiment was assigned to a brigade under General Kane of the Bucktails, which was active at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Moving with the army as far as Brandy Station, the 12th corps was ordered to Chattanooga and arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, on October 25. Still advancing toward Chattanooga it was attacked at Wauhatchie, but with the assistance of Knap's battery was able to hold its position. It next aided in fortifying Raccoon mountain opposite Lookout mountain and was there stationed until in January, 1864, when it was returned to Bridgeport for guard duty. Here nearly the entire regiment reenlisted and went home on furlough. The veterans joined the 1st brigade of the division on May 5 and marched with the army of General Sherman to Atlanta, taking part in the Hundred Days' battles and losing heavily day after day until but a handful remained. These followed the victorious Sherman to the sea, northward to Goldsboro and then to Washington. On March 31 they were incorporated with the 111th Pa. infantry and with that organization were mustered out at Washington on July 19, 1865.

One Hundred and Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, William D. Lewis, Jr., James Crowther, Isaac Rodgers, Frank B. Stewart; Lieut.-Colonels, James Crowther, David M. Jones, Isaac Rodgers, William D. Lewis, Isaac T. Hamilton, John B. Fite, Frank B. Stewart, John L. Ellis; Majors, John C. Johnson, David M. Jones, Isaac Rodgers, Isaac T. Hamilton, Frank B. Stewart, John L. Ellis, Samuel McCune. The 110th was recruited in Blair, Huntingdon, Bedford, Center, Philadelphia and Clearfield counties, rendezvoused at Huntingdon and was organized early in December, 1861, at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years and left on January 2, 1862, to join the troops in Maryland under General Lander. At Cumberland it was assigned to Tyler's brigade. Lander's division. Banks' corps (later the 2nd), and guarded the Baltimore & Ohio bridge over the South Branch of the Potomac until February 6. The remainder of February was spent at Paw Paw and on March 8 the regiment moved to Winchester, where Banks was attacked by Stonewall Jackson's force on the 23d, and a desperate struggle ensued in which the 110th met with severe loss and won mention im special orders for its heroism. During April the regiment was stationed at Winchester on guard duty and moved about the first of May to Fredericksburg, where it was assigned to the brigade under Colonel Carroll, which became a part of Ricketts' division, McDowell's corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. It met Jackson again at Port Republic in June, but was obliged to retire in the face of overwhelming numbers. It next moved to Cloud's mills; thence to Warrenton; was in reserve at Cedar mountain until the close of the battle, when it supported the artillery; was closely engaged at Thoroughfare gap and the second battle of Bull Run. The 110th was stationed at Washington during the battle of Antietam, but was active at Fredericksburg in December, sustaining heavy loss. Winter quarters were established at Stoneman's switch and on December 31, 1862, the regiment was consolidated into six companies, owing to reduction in its numbers. It participated in the "Mud March" and afterward remained in camp until the Chancellorsville campaign. On May 3 the 110th was closely engaged and lost one-half its members in the action. It returned to camp until the Gettysburg campaign, in which it participated with De Trobriand's brigade, Birney's division, 3d corps. Its most arduous service in this battle was on the afternoon of July 2, when, fighting beside the 5th Mich., the two regiments held their position against the enemy's onslaught . It moved southward with the army; was active at Kelly's ford, November 7, and in the Mine Run campaign; went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, where in January, 1864, almost the entire regiment reenlisted, receiving veteran furlough and returning in time for the Wilderness campaign. when the regiment was assigned to the 2nd corps. In the campaign which followed it fought at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the Po river, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Shady Grove Church, Cold Harbor and the Chickahominy. It took part in the first assaults on Petersburg and the action at the Weldon railroad, and on June 23 it received the members of the 115th Pa. In the operations about Petersburg it was active at Deep Bottom, Hatcher's run, in the raid on the Richmond & Danville railroad, and during the winter made its headquarters at Fort Hell. On March 25, 1865, the regiment assisted in repelling the attack on Fort Stedman and after the fall of Petersburg it was engaged at Sailor's creek. When the news of Lee's surrender was received the regiment started for Washington, where it was mustered out on June 28, 1865.

One Hundred and Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, Matthew Schlaudecker, George A. Cobham, Jr., Thomas M. Walker; Lieut.-Colonels, George A. Cobham, Jr., Thomas M. Walker, W. J. Alexander, Frank J. Osgood; Majors, Thomas M. Walker, John A. Boyle, William A. Thomas, W. J. Alexander, Frank J. Osgood, Frederick L. Gimber. The 111th was recruited in the counties of Erie, Warren and Crawford and its organization was completed at Erie on January 24, 1862, when it was mustered in for three years' service. It moved to Harrisburg and thence to Baltimore, where it remained until May, when it was sent to Harper's Ferry to join General Banks. It remained in that vicinity until July and then proceeded to Cedar mountain, where it fought as part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. At Antietam it lost over one-third of the number engaged, but was highly praised for its daring by General Greene, who commanded the division, and it was presented with a stand of colors by Colonel Stainrook, commanding the brigade. Two months were spent in camp on Loudoun heights, near Harper's Ferry, and with the 12th corps, to which it had been transferred, the 111th arrived at Fredericksburg too late for the battle. Winter quarters were established at Fairfax Station, the regiment leaving camp for the "Mud March" in January, 1863, after which it was sent to Acquia creek and assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 12th corps. On March 3 it was selected by General Hooker as one of ten regiments to receive special commendation, practically shown by increase of absences and furloughs allowed. It joined in the Chancellorsville campaign, but returned to Acquia creek landing until June 13, when it was ordered to Leesburg. It was active at Gettysburg, where it was more fortunate than many of the Pennsylvania regiments. It remained with the army until September 15, when it was ordered west with the 12th corps and reached Murfreesboro, Tenn., on October 6. It took part in the battle of Wauhatchie; went into camp on Raccoon mountain; and fought in the battles of Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge in November. In December practically the whole regiment reenlisted and in the spring of 1864, returned to Bridgeport, Alabama, strengthened by the addition of new recruits. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 20th corps, and took part in the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, New Hope Church, Dallas, Peachtree creek and Atlanta. On September 2, with five other regiments, it was sent forward to reconnoiter and entered the city. It camped in Atlanta until about the middle of November, when it rejoined the division at Milledgeville. In March, 1865, the 109th Pa. was consolidated with it and it moved on to Washington, where it participated in the grand review and on July 19, 1865, was mustered out of the service of the Union it had served so well. The total strength of the regiment is recorded as 1,847, but 100 drafted men deserted on the journey to Tennessee; 310 recruits belonged to the 109th Pa.; 42 members failed to report, making the actual strength 1,395. Of this number 549 died during service from wounds or disease. W. T. Fox in his "Regimental Losses," names the 111th as one of the "three hundred fighting regiments."

Second Artillery.—Colonels, Charles Angeroth, August A. Gibson, James L. Anderson, William M. McClure, S. D. Strawbridge; Lieut.-Colonels, J. H. Oberteuffer, S. D. Strawbridge, Benjamin F. Winger; Majors, William Candidus, James L. Anderson, David Sadler, Thomas Wilhelm, Edward S. Rowland, Benjamin F. Winger. David Schooley, William S. Bailey. The 112th regiment, 2nd heavy artillery, whose members were principally from the counties of Franklin, Allegheny and Monroe, was mustered in at Philadelphia in January, 1862, for three years. On January 9, three companies were ordered to Fort Delaware and the remaining companies moved to Washington on February 25, when they were assigned to duty at Bladensburg, Maryland, where the command was reunited on March 19, and in November two independent companies from Fort Delaware were added to the regiment. The regiment remained at Bladensburg until March, 1864, when it was ordered to the forts near Chain bridge. So large a number of recruits were added to the originally large regiment, that in April the 2nd provisional heavy artillery was organized from the surplus, the two regiments numbering 3,300 men. The 2nd was attached to the 9th corps and participated in the Wilderness campaign, fighting at Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor. The 1st regiment joined the Army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor on June 4, when it was divided into three battalions and attached to the 18th corps. The 2nd battalion shared in the charge at Petersburg on June 18, by which the ground was gained that became the front line of the army. The provisional regiment joined the 1st on August 26, 1864, having been on duty at Petersburg and active at the explosion of the mine, where it lost heavily. Its ranks were by this time reduced to 400 men. In a charge on September 20, the 1st and 2nd battalions lost 200 men, after which they were stationed with the remainder of the regiment near Fort Harrison until December. In January, 1865, a large number of the men reenlisted and the regiment joined in last charges upon the enemy's works, afterward entering the city with the army. For the remainder of the year the regiment was occupied in detachments in preserving peace and order in the southern part of Virginia. Returning to City Point, Virginia, it was there mustered out on January 29, 1866.

Twelfth Cavalry.—Colonels, William Frishmuth, Lewis B. Pierce, Marcus A. Reno; Lieut.-Colonels, Lewis B. Pierce, Jacob Kohler, Joseph L. Moss, William Bell, James A. Congdon, W. H. McAllister; Majors, Jacob Kohler, Darius Titus, James A. Congdon, William Bell, Nathaniel Payn, Edson Gerry, David B. Jenkins, W. H. McAllister, John Johnson, George W. Henrie. The 12th cavalry, the 113th regiment of the line, was composed of members from various parts of the state, and was organized at Philadelphia in the winter of 1861-62, when it was mustered in for three years. It left for Washington late in April, 1862, and was posted near Manassas Junction to guard the Orange & Alexandria railroad. On August 26, it was ordered to White Plains to ascertain the location of the enemy, who soon afterward arrived at Manassas in force. Withdrawing to Centerville after a narrow escape at Bristoe, where a heavy loss was sustained, the regiment proceeded to Alexandria and was ordered to guard the north shore of the Potomac from Chain bridge to Edwards' ferry. It was held in reserve at South mountain and was in the rear at Antietam, but was employed after the battle in ascertaining the position of the retreating foe and then stationed along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad near Bath. Several excursions into the surrounding country were undertaken and at Fisher's hill the enemy was encountered and an engagement ensued. This duty occupied the regiment for the winter of 1862-63, its next engagement of importance being at Winchester in June, 1863, when it broke through the investing Confederate lines, sustaining some losses. After the battle of Gettysburg some of the wagon trains of the retreating foe fell into the hands of the 12th Pa. and 1st N. Y. at Cunningham cross-roads and Mercersburg. July was spent at Sharpsburg, and the regiment was then ordered to Martinsburg, in which vicinity it remained until the spring of 1864. At the beginning of the year 1864 nearly the entire regiment reenlisted, were furloughed and returned to Martinsburg in April. Upon the advance of General Early's army toward Washington in July, 1864, the cavalry retired before him, disputing the way and engaging at Solomon's gap, Pleasant valley, Crampton's gap, Winchester and Kernstown. It became necessary to remount and recruit and the regiment was stationed in the autumn at Charlestown. During the following winter it was on guard duty along the railroad between Winchester and Harper's Ferry and in March, 1865, was sent across the Blue ridge to clear the country of guerrillas, engaging at Harmony with some loss on March 22. In April the 12th moved to Winchester and was assigned to the Army of the Shenandoah, the cavalry force under the command of Colonel Reno. When the news of Lee's surrender was received the regiment was stationed at Mount Jackson to intercept and parole soldiers of Lee's army passing there. Returning to Winchester it was mustered out on July 20, 1865.

One Hundred and Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Charles H. T. Collis; Lieut.-Colonels, Frederick F. Cavada, Edward R. Bowen; Majors, Joseph S. Chandler, Edward R . Bowen, Henry M. Eddy. The 114th was recruited at Philadelphia in August, 1862, and on the last day of the month left for Washington, where its organization was completed. It was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. Co. A had already seen service as an independent company, known as the Zouaves d'Afrique, which was mustered into the U. S. service on August 17, 1861. It had served with General Banks and was highly complimented by him for efficiency. It joined his army at Darnestown, Maryland, spent the winter at Frederick and was active at Middletown, Cedar mountain, the second Bull Run, Chantilly and Antietam. At General Banks' suggestion a Zouave regiment was organized and the 114th was the result. This regiment was held in Washington and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 3d corps. In October it joined the corps at Poolesville, moved to Falmouth, fought at Fredericksburg, shared in the "Mud March" and went into camp near Potomac creek. It was active at Chancellorsville, losing heavily, after which it returned to camp near Falmouth. At Gettysburg the regiment was placed in an exposed position, near the Sherfy house, which it held valiantly during the heavy fighting on July 2 until late in the afternoon when it was forced to retire and a new position was occupied by the brigade upon the line between Cemetery hill and Little Round Top. Moving into Virginia with the army, engagements followed during the fall and early winter at Wapping heights, Kelly's ford, Auburn and Rappahannock Station and winter quarters were established at Brandy Station. For special merit the 114th was chosen by General Meade to guard his headquarters and it formed later, one of seven regiments detailed for duty under Colonel Collis at the headquarters of General Grant . In the Wilderness campaign it was frequently selected for difficult details and for its part in the defense of headquarters when attacked at Guiney's station it was complimented especially by General Meade and General Grant, who witnessed the action. It continued on duty at headquarters at Petersburg until March 15, 1865, when it was ordered to City Point for picket duty for a fortnight. Tn the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, it won the intrenchments opposite Fort Hell, sustaining severe loss. Returning to Washington after the surrender, it was mustered out of the service on May 29, 1865.

One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Robert E. Patterson, F. A. Lancaster, William C. Ward; Lieut.-Colonels, Robert Thompson. William C. Ward, John P. Dunne; Majors, F. A. Lancaster, John P. Dunne, William A. Reilly. The 115th was recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of Cambria, Lebanon and Lancaster and was organized early in the year 1862. It encamped at Diamond Cottage, Camden, N. J., where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, and until June 25 it guarded prisoners at Harrisburg, when it moved to join the army on the Peninsula. At Harrison's landing, where it arrived on July 4, the regiment was assigned to the 3d brigade, Hooker's division, 3d corps. with which it was engaged at Malvern Hill in August. It was active at Kettle run, and the second Bull Run; was in support at Chantilly, after which Hooker's division was ordered to Washington, where it remained until November. It then rejoined the army, being encamped during November and the first part of December, at Catlett's station, Bristoe Station, Manassas Junction and Falmouth, leaving the last camp to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg and the "Mud March," and returning to occupy it until the Chancellorsville movement . In this action the part of the 115th was an important one and it sustained heavy losses. Again the camp at Falmouth was occupied until the troops left for Pennsylvania, arriving at Gettysburg on the evening of July 1. The next day the regiment was first posted in advance of the line of battle near Round Top, which position proved too exposed to be held and the troops were obliged to withdraw to the main line. Here they withstood steadfastly the terrific onslaughts of the enemy until relieved. The regiment sustained severe losses on this bloody field. Returning southward with the army, the 3d corps met the enemy at Wapping heights and went into camp at Bealeton Station. September was spent in camp at Culpeper and on October 15, the regiment engaged at McLean's ford, where it moved to relieve the 6th N. J. It was next in action at Kelly's ford and Mine run and it went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. With Bi1116/s division of Hancock's corps, it fought at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and Petersburg. By this time the ranks had become so thinned by the arduous service of the campaign that it was considered advisable to consolidate the 115th with the 190th Pa. infantry, which was accordingly done by special order of the war department on June 22, 1864. The field and staff were mustered out on June 23, the company officers retained in service, and the enlisted men were mustered out with the 190th at Washington on June 28, 1865.

One Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Dennis Heenan, St . C A. Mulholland, David W. Megraw; Lieut.-Colonels, St. Clair A. Mulholland, Richard C. Dale, David W. Megraw, Robert J. Alston; Majors, George H. Bardwell, St. Clair A. Mulholland, John Teed, David W. Megraw, Robert J. Alston, Robert J. Taggart. The 116th, recruited in Philadelphia. was there mustered into the U. S. service in July and August, 1862, for a three years' term. On August 31, though not complete in numbers, it was ordered to Washington on account of the necessity for troops to reinforce General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley. It reported to General Couch at Rockville, Maryland, but was immediately returned to Washington, where it was assigned to the camp of General Sigel at Fairfax Court House. Here it remained until October 6. when it moved to Harper's Ferry and became a part of the Irish brigade, under General Meagher, the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps. It went into camp at Charlestown; was engaged at Snicker's gap in November; then moved to Warrenton and Falmouth. where winter quarters were built. It shared in the brilliant but unfortunate charge of the Irish brigade at Fredericksburg, losing in killed and wounded, 43 per cent. of the members engaged. Owing to the sad reduction in its effective strength the 116th was consolidated into a battalion of four companies in January, 1863, remaining in the camp at Falmouth until the opening of the Chancellorsville movement, in which it was active, and returning afterward to its old camp. Its work at Chancellorsville received special complimentary mention by General Hancock. The battalion lost heavily at Gettysburg, where it was active on July 2 and 3. and joined in the southward movement which followed, being engaged at Auburn, Blackburn ford, and in the Mine Run movement. Winter quarters were established at Stevensburg and during the winter the regiment was reorganized, three companies from Philadelphia and three from Pittsburg, being added to the reenlisted men of the battalion, which filled the ranks to the required strength. The Irish brigade was closely engaged at the Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, the Po river, Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, its ranks being again greatly reduced in numbers by the almost daily encounters with the enemy. The 116th arrived in front of Petersburg on June 15, charged the works the next day and joined in the action at Reams' station a few days later. Upon the reorganization of the 2nd corps it was attached to the 4th brigade, 1st division, with which it shared in the engagements at Deep Bottom and the raid on the Weldon railroad in July, the Hatcher's run movement in December, and the skirmish at Dabney's mill in February, 1865. At the close of the siege the regiment participated in the battle at Five Forks, and after Lee's surrender returned to Alexandria, where Cos. A, B, C and D were mustered out on June 3, and the remainder of the regiment at Washington on July 14.

Thirteenth Cavalry.—Colonels, James A. Galligher, Michael Kerwin; Lieut.-Colonels, James A. Galligher, Peter C. Shannon, Garrick Mallery, Jr., Jacob H. Dewees; Majors, Henry A. White, M. J. Byrne, Michael Kerwin, Jacob H. Dewees, George F. McCabe, Timothy A. Byrne, Henry H. Gregg, John W. Berks. The 13th cavalry, the 117th regiment of the line, was recruited in Philadelphia and Pittsburg to form a squadron of Irish dragoons to be attached to the Irish brigade, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia in the fall of 1861 for three years' service. It was ordered to Baltimore and while there was organized into a regiment by the addition of six companies in July and August, 1862. On September 24 it left Baltimore, three companies were posted along the Potomac between Berlin and Edwards' ferry on guard duty, and the remaining companies occupied in Loudoun and Jefferson counties to prevent communication between the inhabitants and the enemy. In February, 1863, the 13th was sent to Winchester, where the tenth company joined it in March. Here it undertook many excursions into the surrounding country, often encountering the enemy's cavalry, and losing a considerable number. At Middletown, on June 11, it had a sharp engagement and for several days following was active at Winchester, returning to Harper's Ferry with only half of its members fit for active service. Leaving Harper's Ferry on June 30, it joined the Army of the Potomac at Boonesboro on July 8 and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, (Colonel J. I. Gregg) of General D. McM. Gregg's division, with which it encamped at Amissville and Jefferson and was engaged at Culpeper in September. After a month at Catlett's station, it returned to Culpeper, where it received a new company from Huntingdon county. It then moved to Jeffersonton, where it was attacked in October and forced to retire. Two more companies from Huntingdon county joined the regiment in November, as it returned from Mine Run, and the command was assigned to duty along the Orange & Alexandria railroad near Bristoe Station during the winter of 1863-64. The regiment was reorganized on February 8, 1864, twelve companies being formed from the original fifteen. In the Wilderness campaign it was on duty with the 9th corps at the rear until May 5, when it went into action and was with the advance of the army for a number of days. It rejoined the brigade at White's tavern on May 26 and shared in the expedition of General Sheridan toward Richmond, being engaged at Haw's shop. The next action of importance was at Trevilian Station in June, followed by fighting at Jones' bridge, and Samaria Church. In July it went to the support of Wilson's cavalry as it returned from the Danville railroad, after which it shared in the raid on the Jerusalem plank road and a movement to Lee's mill. A detail of 50 men. engaged in guarding supplies of the commissary department, was captured by a large force of Confederates. In September the regiment was closely engaged at Wyatt's farm; fought in the several engagements at Hatcher's run and Dabney's mill, where General Gregg was wounded; was ordered to Wilmington, N. C., in February, 1865; thence to Elizabethtown, where it reported to General Sherman and became a part of the 3d brigade, Kilpatrick's division, Colonel Kerwin, being; placed in command. After the surrender the 13th was posted at Fayetteville to clear the country and preserve peace. On July 14 it moved to Raleigh and was mustered out on the same day.

One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles M. Prevost, James Gwyn; Lieut.-Colonels, James Gwyn, Charles P. Herring; Majors, Charles P. Herring, Henry O'Neill. The 118th, known as the Corn Exchange regiment, because a bounty of $10 for each man as well as the funds necessary for raising the regiment were furnished by the Philadelphia Corn Exchange, rendezvoused at Camp Union, Philadelphia, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on August 30, 1862, for a three years' term, and ordered at once to Washington. With the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5 th corps, it reached Antietam on Sept . 16 but was held in reserve during the ensuing battle. At Blackford's ford, near Shepherdstown, it received a baptism of blood on September 20, and left 282 men on the field. Colonel Prevost was made brevet brigadier-general for gallantry in this battle. The regiment moved south in early November and took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, where it joined in the assault on Marye's heights and suffered severely. After the "Mud March," it returned to camp at Falmouth, which it occupied until April 27, 1863. It was closely engaged at Chancellorsville and was in camp at Falmouth until June 10, when the northward movement was commenced. It acted as support in the cavalry engagements of Aldie, Upperville and Middleburg and reached Gettysburg early on July 2. At 4 o'clock that afternoon it went into action in support of General Sickles' corps and was closely engaged with considerable loss, but was inactive on the 3d. It then joined in the pursuit which followed the battle and encountered the enemy on July 4. At Warrenton in August and September about 300 recruits were received, and after participation in the Mine Run campaign the regiment went into winter quarters at Beverly ford. On May 1, 1864, it started for the Wilderness, where it was engaged. It also fought at Laurel Hill, the North Anna river, Mechanicsville, at Bethesda Church and at Petersburg. During the siege of Petersburg the 118th remained in the trenches until August 15; then joined in the movement upon the Weldon railroad; was posted near Yellow house in September; joined in the Hatcher's run movement in October; the raid on the Weldon railroad in December and the engagement at Dabney's mill in February, 1865. On April 1, it participated in the battle of Five Forks and continued the pursuit to Appomattox Court House, where its brigade received the arms and flags of Lee's army. On April 15 it started for Washington, where it was mustered out on June 1, 1865. The recruits were transferred to the 91st Pa. infantry.

One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Peter C. Ellmaker, Gideon Clark; Lieut.-Colonels, Gideon Clark, William C. Gray; Majors, Charles C. Knight, Henry P. Truefitt, William C. Gray, Edwin A. Landell. This regiment was recruited at Philadelphia in August, 1862, and ordered to Washington before its ranks were filled. Here an additional company was received and the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. In October it joined the Army of the Potomac near Antietam and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 6th corps. It was first under fire at Fredericksburg and acquitted itself with credit, returning to camp at White Oak Church. With the 3d brigade, 1st division, it joined in the Chancellorsville movement, being engaged at Salem Church, and then returned to occupy the old camp until the Gettysburg campaign. The troops supported the cavalry engaged at Beverly ford and arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the afternoon of July 2. The 119th was posted on the left of the line and did not become engaged, but immediately took up the pursuit after the battle and went into camp at Warrenton on July 26, where 205 substitutes were received. At Rappahannock Station in November, a gallant assault was made for which the 6th corps received special commendation by General Meade. After participation in the Mine Run expedition, winter quarters were made near Brandy Station, which were occupied until May 4, 1864. The regiment fought valiantly at the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, and by May 12 had lost half of its effective strength. At Cold Harbor it also sustained heavy loss. From Petersburg, where it moved with the army, the 119th was sent to the defense of Washington, which was threatened by General Early, and took part in the marches and countermarches in the Valley of the Shenandoah and the battle of the Opequan. It was then posted at Winchester to garrison the town and returned to Petersburg early in December. It took part in the Dabney's mill battle in February, 1865, the final assault on April 2, the battle of Sailor's creek, and was present at Lee's surrender, after which the regiment moved to Danville, but returned to Washington and Philadelphia where the troops were mustered out on June 19, 1865.

One Hundred and Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Chapman Biddle, Alexander Biddle, James Ashworth; Lieut.-Colonels, Elisha W. Davis, Alexander Biddle, James Ashworth, Thomas M. Hall, Samuel T. Lloyd, James S. Warner; Majors, Alexander Biddle, James Ashworth, Thomas M. Hall, West Funk. The 121st was recruited in Philadelphia and Venango county and mustered into the service for three years, in September, 1862, at Philadelphia. It was ordered to Washington, where it was attached to Casey's provisional brigade, and in October it became a part of General Meade's division near Antietam. Fredericksburg was its first engagement, after which it went into camp at Belle Plain for the winter. It broke camp to participate in the "Mud March," and again for the Chancellorsville movement in May, 1863, returning to camp near Falmouth until the Gettysburg campaign. On July 1, the regiment was hotly engaged and out of 263 men who entered the fight only 84 reported for duty after the day was over. The next day the men had some rest, but were active again on the 3d and then joined in the pursuit. The 121st guarded Kelly's Ford and Cedar Run bridge, near Catlett's Station; joined in the Mine Run movement, and then made winter quarters at Culpeper. Attached to the 5th corps, the regiment participated in the battle of the Wilderness, where it sustained heavy loss. At Spottsylvania, Jericho ford, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor the men fought bravely, their ranks greatly reduced in numbers. At Cold Harbor the 121st was assigned to the 1st division. It aided in the construction of "Fort Hell" at Petersburg; shared in the raid upon the Weldon railroad in August; fought at Peebles' farm, at which time it formed part of the 3d brigade, 3d division. In this engagement a large number of the 121st were cut off by the enemy and made prisoners. The remnant of the regiment had a part in the movement on the Weldon railroad in December, the Hatcher's run movement in February, 1865, the fight at the Boydton plank road in March, was active at the battle of Five Forks and was present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox. A few days of guard duty at Appomattox and two weeks' encampment on the South Side railroad followed, after which the regiment proceeded to Washington and was there mustered out on June 2. 1865.

One Hundred and Twenty-second Infantry.—Colonel, Emlen Franklin; Lieut.-Colonel Edward McGovern; Major, Thaddeus Stevens, Jr. This regiment was recruited at Lancaster in July and August, 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Lancaster on August 12 for nine months. It proceeded to Washington and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 3d corps, which joined the army after the battle of Antietam and went into camp at Falmouth. It was held in reserve at Fredericksburg, but took part in the "Mud March" fiasco and then occupied its camp at Falmouth until the Chancellorsville movement in May, 1863. The 3d corps, under General Sickles, was not actively engaged on the opening day but the following day it was in the thick of the fight and after holding its ground bravely till no longer tenable, it was forced back with heavy loss—135 in this one engagement. At Harrisburg the regiment was mustered out of service on May 15 and 16, 1863.

One Hundred and Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonel, John B. Clark; Lieut.-Colonels, Frederick Gast, Richard C. Dale; Majors, Hugh Danver, Charles D. Wiley. This was a nine months' regiment, recruited mainly in Alleghany county, and mustered into the U. S. service in August, 1862. It left Harrisburg on August 21 for Washington and was at once ordered to Camp Stanton, where it was attached to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 5th corps. During the battle of Bull Run it was posted at Bailey's crossroads to prevent stragglers from passing, but was soon returned with the other troops to Washington. Late on the afternoon of September 17 it was sent to Antietam, but was too late to participate in the battle which was not continued as expected on the next day. The regiment then proceeded to Warrenton with the army and encamped at Potomac creek, near Fredericksburg, until December 12. On the afternoon of the next day it was ordered into action and charged the heights, but unsuccessfully as had the previous divisions, the loss of the regiment being 152 killed and wounded. Returning to the former camp, it remained there until January, 1863, when it moved to Falmouth, and on April 28, started for Chancellorsville, where on May 1, it was posted on the left of the line, which was not engaged. On the 3d it was placed in support of the artillery and met with a few losses. The 123d was mustered out of the service at Harrisburg on May 13, 1865. One Hundred and

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph W. Hawley; Lieut.-Colonels, Simon Litzenberg, William B. Waddell; Major, I. L. Haldeman. Under the call of July, 1862, the 124th regiment was recruited in Chester and Delaware counties, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, and on August 12 was ordered to Washington, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for a nine months' term. On September 7, it was sent to Rockville, Maryland, and attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 12th corps, which started two days later for South mountain and Antietam. In the battle of Antietam it was ordered to reinforce General Hooker on the right of the line and was soon in action, losing 50 in killed and wounded. It then went into camp at Pleasant valley, where it was transferred to the brigade under General Kane and on October 30, occupied Loudoun heights. It was next ordered to the support of the troops engaged at Fredericksburg, but arrived too late for the battle. The regiment then encamped at Fairfax Station, joined in the "Mud March," and returned to camp near Stafford Court House. On April 27, 1863, as part of Geary's division, 12th corps, the regiment started for Chancellorsville, where it was posted on the right and was closely engaged on May 2. It then returned to camp and remained there until the expiration of its term of service, being mustered out at Harrisburg on May 16-17, 1863.

One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Jacob Higgins; Lieut.-Colonel, Jacob Szink; Major, John J. Lawrence. This regiment, recruited in Blair and Huntingdon counties, was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg on August 16, 1862, for a nine months' term, and moved to Washington the same day, where it was assigned by General Casey to a provisional brigade under Colonel Higgins. It was first posted at Hunter's Chapel, later at Fort Bernard, Virginia, on guard duty, and on September 6, moved to Rockville, where it was united with the army and became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, Banks' corps, later commanded by General Mansfield and General Williams. At Antietam the regiment was closely engaged, the total loss being 150. Five color-bearers were killed, but the men fought with the courage and steadiness of veterans. The regiment encamped at Pleasant valley, Maryland and Loudoun heights, and then moved to Fredericksburg, but not in time for the battle. It returned to Fairfax Station, joined in the "Mud March," and then went into winter quarters near Stafford Court House. On March 24, 1863, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 12th corps and posted at Acquia creek. It was active at Chancellorsville, then returned to Acquia creek for a few days, and was mustered out at Harrisburg on May 18-19, 1863.

One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, James G. Elder; Lieut.-Colonel, D. W. Rowe; Majors, James C. Austin, Robert S. Brownson. In response to the call of July, 1862, the 126th was recruited in Juniata, Fulton and Franklin counties and mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg early in August for a nine months' term. It moved to Washington on August 15 and was sent to Cloud's mills, where it was attached to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 5th corps. On September 12, it started for Antietam, but was held in reserve during the battle, afterward encamping at Sharpsburg, where many of the men were near home. The next post was at Warrenton, Virginia, and then the army moved to Falmouth. In the battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment participated in the ineffectual charge of Humphrey's division upon Marye's heights, sustaining severe loss. The charge of the division was highly complimented by Generals Hooker and Tyler. After sharing in the discomforts of the futile "Mud March," the regiment established winter quarters at Falmouth and remained there until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign at the end of April, 1863. It was closely engaged on May 2, the brigade holding its ground until its ammunition was exhausted, when, failing to receive support, it was obliged to fall back after suffering heavy loss. For its courage and steadiness it was highly praised by General Tyler. On May 20, 1863, the 126th was mustered out of service at Harrisburg.

One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, William W. Jennings; Lieut.-Colonel, Henry C. Alleman; Major, Jeremiah Rohrer. Most of the 127th regiment came from Dauphin county, the remainder from Adams, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties. At Harrisburg, August 16, 1862, the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service for nine months. Co. A was detailed to act as provost guard at Harrisburg and never served with the regiment in the field. On August 17, nine companies, consisting of 869 men, left for Washington and were soon assigned to guard Chain bridge on the Potomac. The regiment was then ordered to Fredericksburg, where it arrived on December 9. The 127th became a part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, which was the first brigade to cross the river after the pontoons were laid, the crossing being made in the face of the enemy's sharpshooters, thus clearing the way for the rest of the army. The regiment joined with Owen's brigade in a desperate attack on Marye's heights, but like others it was unsuccessful, 257 of the regiment being killed or wounded. The 127th then went into camp at Falmouth. In the Chancellorsville campaign of the following spring it was with General Gibbon's division, which made another assault on the same heights, and this time succeeded. At Harrisburg, May 8 and 29, the 127th was mustered out, having lost 52 by death from wounds and disease.

One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel Croasdale, Joseph A. Mathews; Lieut.-Colonels, W. W. Hamersley, L. Heber Smith; Majors, Joel B. Wanner, Cephas W. Dyer. The 128th regiment was mustered in at Harrisburg, August 13 to 15, 1862, for nine months, most of its members having been recruited in Berks county and the remainder in Lehigh and Bucks. On August 16, it moved to Washington, encamped at Arlington Heights, Fairfax seminary and Fort Woodbury and was occupied in erecting fortifications at the last-named place. Attached to the brigade under Colonel Crawford, Williams' division, Mansfield's corps, the regiment was active at Antietam, losing heavily. During the next two months it was encamped at Sandy Hook and Maryland heights with the 12th corps, under command of General Williams, who succeeded General Mansfield after the battle of Antietam, in which Mansfield was severely wounded. The 12th corps arrived too late to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg and encamped at Fairfax Station until in January, 1863, when it participated in the "Mud March." The remainder of the winter was spent at Stafford Court House and camp was broken late in April, 1863, for the Chancellorsville movement. The 128th fought at the left of the line on May 2 and during the night, on returning to a position previously occupied, but then in the hands of the enemy, 9 officers, including Colonel Mathews and Lieut.-Colonel Smith, and 225 enlisted men, were taken prisoners. The remainder of the regiment was closely engaged on the following day and after the battle was over but 172 men reported for duty at Stafford Court House. The regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg on May 19, 1863, the prisoners having been exchanged.

One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Jacob G. Frick; Lieut.-Colonel, W. H. Armstrong; Major, Joseph Anthony. Volunteers from Schuylkill, Northampton and Montgomery counties rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and were mustered into the U. S. service on August 15, 1862, for a nine months' term, forming the 129th infantry. The regiment was ordered to Washington the next day, one detachment of two companies was posted at Bull Run, across which it was to re-build and guard a bridge, and the remainder acted as escort to an ammunition train as far as Centerville. On its return the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 5th corps, which on September 14, started for Antietam. but arrived after the battle had been fought. At Fredericksburg, the first battle of the regiment, the men joined bravely in a gallant but futile charge upon the heights and were highly praised by General Tyler. In this action the 129th lost 142 in killed and wounded, many of its dead lying close to the impregnable stone wall. Winter quarters were established near Falmouth, which were occupied until the battle of Chancellorsville, except during the "Mud March." On May 3, the regiment was closely engaged at Chancellorsville and the loss was heavy. General Tyler said of the 129th in this battle that "No one ever saw cooler work on field drill than was done by this regiment." It returned to Harrisburg soon after and was there mustered out of the service on May 18, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry I. Zinn, Levi Maish; Lieut.-Colonels, Levi Maish, John Lee; Majors, John Lee, Joseph S. Jenkins. Two companies from Cumberland county, three from York and two from the counties of York, Montgomery, Cumberland, Dauphin and Chester, made up the 130th, which was mustered in at Harrisburg on August 15, 1862, for nine months, and moved to Washington on the 18th. It was posted for a week at Camp Wells, near Arlington Heights, and was then sent to Fort Marcy, near Chain bridge, which it garrisoned until September 7, when it moved to Rockville, Maryland, where it was assigned to Morris' brigade, French's division, Sumner's corps, which took an active part in the battle of Antietam, the brigade, composed entirely of new troops, behaving as coolly under fire as veterans and winning the praise of General French. The loss of the 130th in this battle was 296 in killed and wounded. After a short time spent in camp at Harper's Ferry, the regiment arrived at Falmouth in November and was posted at Belle Plain landing on guard duty until December 5. French's division made a gallant charge at Fredericksburg, losing many brave men, and after the battle retired to its camp near Falmouth, which it occupied, with the exception of the "Mud March," until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign in the spring of 1863. In the battle of Chancellorsville the 130th was closely engaged, after which it returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on May 21, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Peter H. Allabach; Lieut.-Colonel, William B. Shaut; Major, Robert W. Patton. The 131st regiment was recruited in the counties of Northumberland, Lycoming, Mifflin, Union and Snyder and mustered in at Harrisburg early in August, 1862, for nine months. It was ordered to join the 3d provisional brigade in Virginia, but was soon transferred to the force at Alexandria, and at the opening of the Maryland campaign, made a part of the 3d division, 5th corps. It reached Antietam too late to participate in the battle and went into camp at Sharpsburg. Fredericksburg was the first battle of the regiment and it made a desperate charge to within 30 feet of the celebrated stone wall, losing in an hour and one-half 177 killed, wounded and missing, the men fighting with the steadiness of veterans. Winter quarters were established near Falmouth with no event of importance, except Burnside's second attempt in January, 1863, which was rendered futile by the impassable roads. On May 3, the regiment was warmly engaged at Chancellorsville and after the battle returned to its former camp. Its term of service expired on May 15, and it was then ordered to Harrisburg where it was mustered out on the 23d.

One Hundred and Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Richard A. Oakford, Vincent M. Wilcox, Charles Albright; Lieut.-Colonels, Vincent M. Wilcox, Charles Albright, Joseph E. Shreve; Majors, Charles Albright, Joseph E. Shreve, Fred L. Hitchcock. This regiment, from the northcentral part of the state, was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, August 11-18, 1862, for nine months. Colonel Oakford had commanded the 15th regiment in the three months' service, and the rank and file were of good physique. It left the state for Washington on August 19, encamped near Fort Corcoran on its arrival, and there engaged in the work of drill and preparation. On September 2 it moved to Rockville, Maryland, where it was assigned to Kimball's brigade, French's division, Sumner's corps, which arrived at South mountain too late to share in the battle. The regiment suffered severely in its first battle, that of Antietam, losing 30 killed, 114 wounded and 8 missing. Col Oakford and Lieut. Cranmer were among the killed. It then moved with the corps to Bolivar heights and during October shared in reconnoissances to Leesburg and Charlestown. November 6 found it at Falmouth, whence it was detached for duty at Belle Plain for a month. As a part of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, it was engaged in the battle of Fredericksburg, losing 150 out of 340 men engaged, but behaving like a veteran regiment. General French complimented the troops very highly in orders for their heroism in the two battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg. It remained in winter quarters at Falmouth until the close of April, 1863, and then engaged in the battle of Chancellorsville, where it was in reserve the first 2 days, but was active at the front on May 3 and 4, its loss being about 50. On May 14 its term expired and it was mustered out at Harrisburg on the 24th.

One Hundred and Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Franklin B. Speakman; Lieut.-Colonels, Abraham Kopelin, W. A. McCartney; Major, Edward M. Schrock. The 133d regiment, composed of men from the counties of Cambria, Perry, Bedford and Somerset, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service for nine months by companies, from August 5 to 15, 1862. It left for Washington on the 10th and during the progress of the second Bull Run battle and for two weeks thereafter, it was posted at Fort Ward on picket duty and building intrenchments. It was brigaded with the 123d, 131st, 134th and 155th Pa. regiments, under Colonel Allabach of the 131st, and attached to Humphreys' division, 5th corps. It arrived on the field of Antietam the day after the battle; encamped near Sharpsburg until the close of October; moved thence to Falmouth; and lost severely at the battle of Fredericksburg in charging the works on Marye's heights, where its casualties were 184, killed, wounded and missing, including 3 officers killed and 8 wounded. With the exception of the "Mud March" in January, 1863, it remained in Camp Humphreys until it moved on the Chancellorsville campaign. It was actively engaged on the third day of that battle, losing 1 killed and 9 wounded. Its term having expired it soon after left for Harrisburg, where it was mustered out, May 21-26, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Matthew S. Quay, Edward O'Brien; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward O'Brien, John M. Thompson, William H. Shaw; Majors, John M. Thompson, William H. Shaw, Cyrus E. Anderson. This regiment was recruited under the call of July, 1862, for nine months. Cos. A, B. D and H were raised in Lawrence county, C, F, G and K in Butler, and E and I in Beaver. The men rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and were mustered into service during the first half of August, 1862. On account of the advance of the enemy on Washington the regiment was ordered to the capital before its organization was completed and left the state on August 20. Its organization was completed at Washington. Very few of the officers and men had seen service before. It arrived too late to participate in either the second Bull Run or Antietam battles, and encamped near Antietam until the end of October. While here Colonel Quay was stricken with typhoid fever and resigned on December 7, being succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel O'Brien. It participated in the battle of Fredericksburg as part of Tyler's brigade, Humphreys' division, 5th corps, and was on the right of the first line in the final charge on the stone wall, in which it lost 14 killed, 106 wounded and 19 missing. Major Thompson had his horse shot under him, and was among the wounded. Colonel Quay was a volunteer aide-de-camp on the staff of General Tyler during the engagement. The 134th remained in camp, except for Burnside's abortive movement in January, 1863, until April 27, when it moved upon the Chancellorsville campaign. The regiment was active on the 3d day of the battle and was highly commended in General Tyler's official report of the engagement. Its loss was 48 killed, wounded and missing. On the expiration of its term of service soon after, it proceeded to Harrisburg and was there mustered out on May 26, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, James R. Porter; Lieut.-Colonel, David L. McCulloch; Major, Rudolph W. Shenk. The 135th regiment, composed of men from the counties of Lancaster, Indiana, Westmoreland and Jefferson, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service during the first half of August, 1862, for a term of nine months. On the 19th it left for Washington and remained in the performance of provost guard duty at the capital and in Georgetown until February 16, 1863, the field officers meanwhile being detailed on special duty. It then moved to Belle Plain and was there assigned to the 1st brigade (Colonel Porter), 3d division, 1st corps. It was occupied in guard and picket duty until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign, when it moved to Pollock's mills, below Fredericksburg. and supported the batteries along the Rappahannock, losing 3 men wounded. Later it was relieved and covered the front of the 1st brigade at the battle of Chancellorsville, but was not actively engaged. On the expiration of its term, it returned to Harrisburg and was mustered out of service on May 24, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas M. Bayne; Lieut.-Colonel, Isaac Wright; Major. Charles Ryan. The 136th regiment was recruited in the counties of Allegheny, Tioga, Luzerne. Dauphin. Crawford, Center, Columbia and Cambria; rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service in August, 1862, for 9 months. It reached Washington while the second Bull Run battle was being fought, and was stationed in the defenses of the city until the close of September, when it moved to Sharpsburg, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 1st corps. Early in November it moved into Virginia, marching via Warrenton, Brooks' station and White Oak Church to Falmouth. It was hotly engaged at the battle of Fredericksburg, as part of Lyle's brigade, Gibbon's division, 1st corps, Franklin's Grand Division, on the left of the line. Its loss in the battle was 140 in killed, wounded and missing, Captain Chapman being killed and Captain Marchand mortally wounded. It then returned to its old camp, where it remained without incident, except Burnside's "Mud March" in January, 1863, until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign. On the night of May 2 it went into position on the extreme right, where breast-works were hurriedly thrown up, and this intrenched position was maintained during the last two days of the battle. On the expiration of its term of service it returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out of service on May 29, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Henry M. Bossert, Joseph B. Kiddoo; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph B. Kiddoo, Charles W. Wingard; Majors, Charles W. Wingard, De Los Walker. This regiment was raised in the counties of Wayne, Crawford, Clinton, Butler, Bradford and Schuylkill and rendezvoused by squads and companies at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service during the latter half of August, 1862, for a term of nine months. A very few of the officers and men were experienced in the art of war. At the end of August it left the state for Washington and was assigned to General Hancock's brigade, Smith's division, 6th corps. It received its first baptism of fire at Crampton's gap, South mountain, though not actively engaged. With the exception of Co. I, which supported the brigade battery at the battle of Antietam, the regiment was in reserve. At the time of Stuart and Hampton's raid into Pennsylvania in October, 1862, the brigade, under General Pratt, was sent in pursuit. It did not succeed in coming up with the daring raiders and the command went into camp near Hagerstown until the close of October, when the 137th was ordered into the defenses of Washington, where it engaged for a time in drill and discipline. During the battle of Fredericksburg it was posted opposite Acquia Creek, guarding the landing and the railroad leading to Fredericksburg. In January, 1863, it shared in the "Mud March," being assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, and was then encamped at Belle Plaia After the rout of the 11th corps at the battle of Chancellorsville, the regiment was moved to the front with its corps and posted on the extreme right of the line, where it remained during the remainder of the battle, but was not actively engaged. On the expiration of its term of enlistment, it returned to Harrisburg and was mustered out on June 1 and 2, 1863.

One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels. Charles L. K. Sumwalt, M. R. McClennan; Lieut.-Colonels, M. R. McClennan, Lewis A. May; Majors, Lewis A. May, Simon Dickerhoof. The 138th was composed of men from the counties of Montgomery, Adams, Bedford and Bucks, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, during the latter part of August and the first part of September, 1862, for a term of three years. On August 30, 1862, before the regimental organization was completed, it moved to Baltimore and was there employed in guarding the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, with headquarters at the Relay house until the middle of June, 1863, when it moved to Harper's Ferry, where it was assigned to Elliott's brigade of French's division. On the evacuation of Harper's Ferry on July 1, it moved to Washington, thence to Frederick, Maryland, and joined in the pursuit of Lee as part of the 3rd  corps. It was under fire but not active at Wapping heights and during the remainder of the fall shared in the various marches and countermarches during the Virginia campaign, being engaged at Brandy Station with small loss, and in the Mine Run campaign at Locust Grove, where it behaved with great gallantry and repulsed repeated charges, losing 7 killed, 45 wounded and 3 missing, Colonel McClennan being among the wounded. It then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, Colonel McClennan resuming command on March 13, 1864, and on May 3 it moved on the spring campaign, attached to Seymour's brigade, Rickett's (3d) division, 6th corps. It suffered severely at the Wilderness, losing 27 killed, 94 wounded and 35 missing. It shared in the fighting at Spottsylvania, but its losses there were small, as it was not heavily engaged. At Cold Harbor it shared in the gallant assaults of the division, losing 7 killed, 54 wounded and 7 missing. Crossing the James, it went into the trenches at Bermuda Hundred; later joined its corps before Petersburg; shared in the movement on the Weldon railroad at Reams' station; and moved with its division in July to Monocacy, where it was hotly engaged against the forces under Early on the 9th, its losses in the battle being 68 killed, wounded and missing. After rejoining its corps, it shared in the various maneuvres between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. General Sheridan now assumed command of the Army of the Shenandoah, composed of the 6th, 8th and 19th corps. The 138th formed part of the cavalry support at Smithfield; was actively engaged at the Opequan and Fishers hill, losing in the two engagements 46 killed, wounded and missing; shared in the pursuit of the enemy to Harrisonburg; returned with the army and encamped at Cedar creek, where it was warmly engaged in the battle in October, losing 42 killed and wounded. In the early part of November the regiment was encamped at Philadelphia and then returned to Winchester. In December it moved with its corps to Petersburg and was detailed as garrison for Fort Dushane. While stationed there it received a Christmas present of a beautiful stand of colors from the "loyal citizens of Norristown and Bridgeport, Pa." On April 1, 1865, it rejoined the corps and on the 2nd shared in the final assault on the enemy's works at Petersburg. It then joined in the pursuit of Lee's army, taking a large number of prisoners. It was active at Sailor's creek, where it fought its last battle. After the surrender of Lee, it made a forced march with its corps to Danville, Virginia, but was not needed by General Sherman, so it returned to Richmond and proceeded thence to the vicinity of Washington, where it was finally mustered out of service on June 23, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment was 955. It had 51 killed in action, 339 wounded, 31 missing. Killed and died of wounds during service 94, died by disease and accident 54, captured 48.

One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Frederick H. Collier; Lieut.-Colonels, James D. Owens, William H. Moody, James L. McKean, John G. Parr; Majors, William H. Moody, A. H. Snyder, John G. Parr, Robert Munroe, James McGregor. This regiment, composed of men from the counties of Allegheny, Armstrong, Mercer and Beaver, rendezvoused at Camp Howe, Pittsburg, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 1, 1862. The second Bull Run battle had just been fought, and there was an urgent demand for more troops at the front. The 139th, therefore, departed on the evening of the 1st and arrived at Washington on the 3d. It was immediately sent to the Bull Run battlefield to bury the Union dead, and after this sad duty was performed joined the army at Antietam on the day of the battle. but was not engaged. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 6th corps, and was exposed to a severe artillery fire while in reserve at the battle of Fredericksburg. During the battle of Chancellorsville, the 6th corps, under General Sedgwick, was engaged at Fredericksburg, Salem Church and Marye's heights, and Wheaton's brigade, to which the 139th belonged, was hotly engaged on May 3-4. The whole brigade suffered severely, the loss of the 139th being 123 in killed, wounded and missing. Wheaton's brigade arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the afternoon of the second day of the battle, and at 5 o'clock went into position in support of the 3d and 5th corps, being posted in front of Little Round Top, a short distance to the right of the road leading to the Peach Orchard, where it charged the enemy and drove him in disorder. That night and the 3d day of the battle it was in the second line, supporting the Pennsylvania reserves. On the evening of the 3d, it aided in advancing the left, drove the enemy, and a brass piece and 3 caissons belonging to the 9th Mass. battery were recaptured by the 139th. Its losses were 1 killed and 19 wounded. It shared in the pursuit of Lee's army and in the fall campaigns in Virginia, being active at Rappahannock Station, and in the Mine Run campaign. On the close of the offensive operations it encamped at Brandy Station and at the end of the year was ordered to Harper's Ferry with its brigade. In March, 1864, it rejoined its corps at Brandy Station and was transferred to the 2nd division. Meanwhile a number af recruits had been received and the command was restored to nearly its original strength. It next entered on the bloody series of battles of the spring campaign, losing 196 at the Wilderness, including nearly all its commissioned officers. It was almost constantly engaged at Spottsylvania, again losing heavily; was only lightly engaged at the North Anna river, but was in the fierce assaults on the fortified lines of the enemy at Cold Harbor. Major Snyder was among the killed at the Wilderness, and Lieut. Colonel Moody, at Cold Harbor. Crossing the James, it shared in the first assaults on Petersburg and in the movement on the Weldon railroad in June. In July it moved to Washington with the 6th corps to confront General Early, and after General Sheridan assumed command of the forces, it took an honorable part in the victories achieved at the Opequan, Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek. On December 1 it again took its place in the lines before Petersburg, where it shared in the advance of the 2nd and 6th corps in March, 1865, and was active in the final successful assault which led to the evacuation of Petersburg and the fall of Richmond. Color-Sergt. David W. Young of Co. E was designated by Generals Wright and Grant as one of the three soldiers most conspicuous for gallantry, in the final assault, receiving an autograph letter from the commanding general warmly praising his heroism. It engaged in the final pursuit of the enemy and was active in the fight at Sailor's creek. After the surrender it moved to the support of Sherman, but on the surrender of Johnston, returned to Washington, where it was finally mustered out on June 21, 1865.

One Hundred and Fortieth Infantry.—Colonels, Richard P. Roberts, John Fraser; Lieut.-Colonels, John Fraser, Thomas B. Rodgers; Majors, Thomas B. Rodgers, Thomas Henry. The 140th was recruited in the counties of Greene, Mercer, Washington and Beaver and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service from August 22 to September 4, 1862, for three years. On September 10, it left the state for Parkton, Maryland, and guarded the line of the North Central railroad for some time.' While posted here it was thoroughly drilled and disciplined and in December joined the army just after the defeat at Fredericksburg. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, and encamped at Falmouth. Here it was only too glad to exchange the old Vincennes muskets for new Springfield rifles. It participated with credit in the battle of Chancellorsville, where its losses were 44 killed, wounded and missing, and then returned to Falmouth. It arrived at Gettysburg on the morning of July 2 and lost heavily in the fierce fighting at the wheatfield. Its total losses during the battle were 241, more than half its effective strength, Colonel Roberts being among the killed. In the ensuing campaigns in Virginia it was assigned to the 1st brigade under Colonel Miles, was active at Bristoe Station, and skirmished with some loss in the Mine Run movement. It then recrossed the Rapidan and went into winter quarters until May 3, 1864, when it started on the sanguinary spring campaign. It lost heavily at the Wilderness; skirmished at Corbin's bridge; was engaged on the 9th at the Po river; its losses up to this time aggregating about 75. In two fierce engagements at Spottsylvania, on the 11th and 18th, the loss of the 140th was more than 100. It was also engaged at the North Anna river, suffered some loss at Totopotomy creek and again at Cold Harbor. Crossing the James, it shared with loss in the two assaults on Petersburg on June 16-17, and a few days later was engaged on the Jerusalem plank road. Late in July it crossed to the north side of the James and took part in the action at Deep Bottom; was engaged at Strawberry Plains and Reams' station in August; had its full share in all the subsequent operations of the corps, being active before Petersburg in September and in the expeditions to Hatcher's run in December. It fought at Dabney's mill in February, 1865; started on the final campaign on March 25; was engaged for four days at Hatcher's run; and participated in the final assault on Petersburg April 2. Joining in the pursuit, it was engaged at Sailor's creek, and fought its last battle at Farmville. Returning to the neighborhood of Washington after Lee's surrender, it was mustered out of service, with the exception of the recruits, at Alexandria, Virginia, May 30, 1865.

One Hundred and Forty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Henry J. Madill; Lieut. Colonels, Guy H. Watkins, Casper W. Tyler, Joseph H. Horton; Majors. Israel P. Spaulding, Casper W. Tyler, Joseph H. Horton, Charles Mercur. This regiment was composed of recruits from the counties of Bradford, Susquehanna and Wayne, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service in the latter part of August, 1862, for three years. It was barely organized, when it was hurried to Washington, arriving on August 30 during the progress of the second battle of Bull Run. It was a raw, inexperienced regiment and the privations and exposure of the first few weeks told heavily on the health of the men, 300 being in hospital at one time and 500 being reported unfit for duty. It was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Robinson), Birney’s division, 3d corps. It remained at Washington, engaged in perfecting itself in drill and discipline, until the close of the Maryland campaign, and was then posted at Poolesville for a time, engaged in picket duty. It went into winter quarters at Falmouth on November 25, and was in reserve during most of the battle of Fredericksburg, losing but 1 killed and 4 wounded. At the battle of Chancellorsville the 141st was heavily engaged, sustaining its chief loss in a desperate charge on the morning of the third day of the battle, where it fought with great courage and lost 235 killed, wounded and missing, out of 419 in action. Lieut.-Colonel Watkins was severely wounded and was taken prisoner. The regiment reached the field of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1, after a most fatiguing march. On the next day it went into position at the angle of Sickles' line, on the right of the Peach Orchard, which was the most exposed part of the whole field. Its action was most heroic throughout the day, during which it sustained fearful losses. It went into action on that morning with 198 men, and lost during the battle 136 in killed, wounded and missing, or nearly 70 per cent. of its numbers. Its total loss during the two days was 149. In the ensuing campaigns in Virginia it was engaged at Kelly's ford, Locust Grove, and several minor actions. Winter quarters were established at Brandy Station and while here many convalescents returned to the ranks. Its strength was further augmented by the transfer of many men from the 105th, 99th and 11oth Pa. regiments. It entered on the spring campaign of 1864 as part of the 4th division, 2nd corps. In a single charge at the Wilderness the 141st captured 50 prisoners and the colors of the 13th N. C. It was fiercely engaged at the Po river and a few days later at the "bloody angle." In front of the regiment in the latter engagement stood the great tree which was cut in two by bullets, and whose trunk is now one of the treasured memorials of the war at Washington. Around this tree the enemy's slain were strewn by hundreds. The losses of the regiment up to this time amounted to 9 killed, 98 wounded and 21 missing. It was first to plant its colors on the enemy's works in a gallant charge at the North Anna river. More severe fighting followed at Cold Harbor and on the 14th it crossed the James. Lieut.-Colonel Watkins was killed while leading his men in the charge on the works of Petersburg on June 18. Major Tyler now assumed command and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On July 1, the regiment numbered only 170, and had but 7 of its 39 original officers. During the balance of the year it shared in all the fighting of its corps, being engaged at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, on the Weldon railroad in October and again in December. It was stationed during the winter near Fort Hell, and on March 27, 1865, began its final campaign, taking part in the final assaults on Petersburg and maintaining its reputation for gallantry in the bloody engagement of Sailor's creek. At the surrender of Lee it was in line of battle, prepared to continue the bloody fighting if necessary. On May 28, it was mustered out at Washington, with the exception of the recruits, which were transferred to the 57th Pa. Few regiments achieved a more honorable record for gallantry and efficient service. The number on the regimental rolls was 1,036, and its losses during service were 156 killed or died of wounds, 404 wounded, and 75 captured or missing.

One Hundred and Forty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Robert P. Cummins, Alfred B. McCalmont, Horatio N. Warren; Lieut.-Colonels, Alfred B. McCalmont, Horatio N. Warren; Majors, John Bradley, Horatio N. Warren, Henry G. Elder. This regiment was recruited from the state at large during the summer of 1862, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service between August 22 and September 1 for three years. On September 2, it left the state for Washington and was employed for a month on the fortifications and in guard and hospital duty at Frederick, Maryland In October it was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Colonel Magilton), 3d division (General Meade), 1st corps (General Reynolds), and moved to Brooks' station, on the Acquia Creek railroad. It suffered severely at Fredericksburg, its first battle, where it made a heroic charge, losing 243 in killed, wounded and missing, Major Bradley being among the mortally wounded. It went into winter quarters at Belle Plain landing and passed the winter without unusual incident, except the "Mud March" in January, 1863. During this interval it was assigned to a new brigade, commanded by Colonel Porter and later by General Rowley, the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps. It went into action at Chancellorsville on May 3. on the right of the line, but was not heavily engaged and suffered but little. At Gettysburg Colonel Biddle commanded the brigade, General Rowley the division, and Generals Doubleday and Newton the corps, General Reynolds in command of the left wing of the army, comprising the 1st and 11th corps, being killed on the first day of the fight. In the disastrous struggle of that day, Colonel Cummins was killed and the regiment suffered severely. Retiring through the town to the cemetery, it was in reserve the second day, and on the third was posted midway between the cemetery and Round Top, where it was exposed to the heavy artillery fire, but suffered little from the grand infantry charge. It lost in the battle, 3 officers killed, 11 wounded, 2 missing; 10 men killed, 117 wounded, 68 captured or missing, a total of 211. After the battle it shared with its corps in the futile campaigns of the fall. ending at Mine run, and wintered in the vicinity of Culpeper. Throughout the rest of its service the regiment was commanded by Colonel Warren. In the campaign of 1864 it was assigned to Stone's brigade, 1st division, 5th corps; was engaged with heavy loss at the Wilderness; and was active at Laurel hill, Spottsylvania, the North Anna river, Bethesda Church, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, and in the first assaults on Petersburg. It assisted in the construction of the redoubt known as "Fort Hell;" was engaged at Six-mile house and Peebles' farm; was in the second raid on the Weldon railroad in December; and participated in the action at Dabney's mill in February, 1865. On the opening of the final campaign it was in action on the Boydton and White Oak roads, and the following day fought at Five Forks, where its losses were severe, Col . Warren and Major Elder being wounded. After Lee's surrender it proceeded to Burkesville, and two weeks later to the vicinity of Washington, where it was mustered out of service on May 29, 1865.

One Hundred and Forty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Edmund L. Dana; Lieut.-Colonels, George E. Hoyt, John D. Musser, George N. Richard; Majors, John D. Musser, C. M. Conyngham, Chester H. Hughes. This regiment rendezvoused at Wilkes Barre during the summer of 1862, coming from Luzerne county, except Cos. H and K, from the counties of Susquehanna, Wyoming and Lycoming. It was slowly mustered into the U. S. service at Wilkes Barre from August 26 to September 10, 1862, for a term of three years. Colonel Dana was a veteran of the Mexican war and a major-general of militia. On November 7 it broke camp and proceeded to Washington, being armed with the Enfield rifle at Harrisburg en route. It was stationed near Fort Slocum for three months, and then proceeded to Belle Plain, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Colonel Stone), 3d division (General Doubleday), 1st corps (General Reynolds). The corps went into position on the extreme right of the army on the third day of the battle of Chancellorsville, but the fighting on the last two days did not reach the position of the 143d. After encamping for a month at Falmouth, it moved on the Gettysburg campaign, arriving on the field of Gettysburg on the morning of July 1 and becoming heavily engaged by noon. Most of its losses were incurred in the first day's fighting, in which it bore itself with great gallantry, slowly yielding to superior numbers and contesting the ground stubbornly. It was not heavily engaged on the next two days, though exposed to a heavy artillery fire in its position on low, open ground on the left center, midway between the cemetery and Round Top. Its loss during the 3 days was 253 killed, wounded and missing, out of 465 engaged, or more than one-half its effective strength. After engaging in the pursuit it was stationed for some time at Bealeton Station on guard duty. A large number of recruits—upward of 360—were received in September and October, and in November it shared in the various maneuvers of the army in the Valley of Virginia, having a sharp skirmish with the enemy at Haymarket. From November 22 to December 5 it performed railroad guard duty at Manassas, marched thence to Paoli mills, and finally, after 8 months' constant campaigning, went into winter quarters at Culpeper on December 27. Before moving on the spring campaign of 1864, the 143d was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th corps. It suffered severely at the Wilderness, Colonel Dana being wounded and captured, and Lieut.-Colonel Musser being among the killed. More heavy fighting followed at Laurel hill—where Major Conyngham, commanding the regiment, was severely wounded in one of the assaults—the North Anna river, Totopotomy and Cold Harbor. It shared in the first general assaults on Petersburg and from June 20 to August 14 it aided in the construction of Fort Hell. In August it was engaged at the Six-mile house, on the Weldon railroad. In September it was transferred to General Crawford's (3d) division. and welcomed its old commander, Colonel Dana, back from captivity at Charleston. It shared in the movement on the Vaughan road, then garrisoned Fort Howard for a few weeks, when it was engaged at Hatcher's run. In December it assisted in destroying some 20 miles of the Weldon railroad, when it repulsed repeated charges of the enemy. In February, 1865, it was heavily engaged at Dabney's mill, and a few days later, now greatly reduced in numbers, it was detailed for special duty at the camp of rendezvous on Hart's island, New York harbor. It was employed here until June 12, 1865, when it was mustered out of service, and proceeded to Harrisburg, where the men were finally paid and discharged. Colonel Dana was brevetted brigadier-general and mustered out the following August.

One Hundred and Forty-fourth Infantry.—This regiment was never organized, the men enlisted for it being assigned to other regiments.

One Hundred and Forty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Hiram L. Brown, David B. McCreary; Lieut.-Colonels, David B. McCreary, Charles M. Lynch; Majors, John W. Patton, John W. Reynolds, Charles M. Lynch, James H. Hamlin. The 145th, composed of men from the counties of Erie, Warren, Crawford and Mercer, rendezvoused at the old camp of the 83d and 111th, near Erie, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, during the latter part of August and the first part of September, 1862. Colonel Brown had previously served in the militia and as a captain, both in the three months' Erie regiment and the 83d. Lieut.-Colonel McCreary had also served in the militia and in the Erie regiment. Such was the demand for troops at the front at this time, the 145th was hurried to Chambersburg on September 11, where it could hear Lee's guns at South mountain, and where it was supplied with arms of an obsolete pattern. After two days at Camp McClure, it hurried forward towards Hagerstown, only partially equipped, and on the morning of the 17th was only 10 miles from the field of Antietam. About noon it reached the battlefield and at once went into position between the Union left and the Potomac, where it did picket duty until the morning of the 19th, when it assisted in burying the dead and caring for the wounded. The sudden transformation from civil life to active military duty worked havoc with the men and over 200 were incapacitated for duty, while many died or were permanently disabled. It next moved to Harper's Ferry, where it was temporarily assigned to the Irish brigade and later to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps. In October it moved to Warrenton and thence to Falmouth. It shared in the bloody charge on Marye's heights at the battle of Fredericksburg and behaved with the steadiness of a veteran organization. Less than 500 men were engaged and of these 226 were killed or wounded. Nine commissioned officers were killed, Colonel Brown was severely wounded, and only 2 field officers in the entire brigade escaped injury. At the battle of Chancellorsville it suffered another severe loss, more than 100 detailed on the skirmish line being captured, as they did not receive the order to retire when the army fell back toward the river. Its total loss was 122 killed, wounded and captured. It reached the field of Gettysburg with the 2nd corps on the morning of July 2 and suffered severely in the two days' fighting, its heaviest loss being incurred at the Peach Orchard. Altogether 9o men were killed, wounded or missing, out of 200 engaged, Colonel Brown and Major Reynolds being among the wounded. It then shared in the pursuit of Lee, the campaign of maneuvres in the Valley of Virginia, and the Mine Run campaign, being active at Auburn, Bristoe Station and Raccoon ford. It went into permanent winter quarters on the close of the Mine Run campaign near Germanna ford, its camp being pronounced by medical directors the best in the army. During the winter it received a large number of recruits and on May 5. 1864, it moved on the Wilderness campaign. Its loss was light at the Wilderness, but it suffered severely at the Po river and again on the following day, when under General Hancock, it led the assault on the enemy's intrenched works. It was active at the North Anna river, Totopotomy and Cold Harbor, losing heavily in the last named action. In an assault on the works of Petersburg on June 16, the regiment suffered a serious disaster, for of 200 men engaged, about 50 were killed and wounded, and 9 officers and about 80 enlisted men were taken prisoners, Lieut.-Colonel McCreary being among the captured. It suffered more loss on July 22, when Major Lynch, commanding the regiment, was among the prisoners. A mere fragment of the regiment was now left, which did duty in the trenches and was active at Deep Bottom, Reams' station and Five Forks. After the surrender of Lee it returned to Alexandria, and after participating in the grand review at Washington, was mustered out near Alexandria on May 31, 1865. It returned to Erie, Pa., under the command of Colonel McCreary, and was there finally paid and discharged on June 5.

One Hundred and Forty-sixth Infantry.—This regiment was never organized and the recruits were transferred to other commands.

One Hundred and Forty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Ario Pardee, Jr., John Craig; Lieut.-Colonels, Ario Pardee, Jr., John Craig; Majors, John Craig, William J. Mackey. Cos. A, B, C, D, and E of this regiment were formerly Cos. L, M, N, O and P, of the 28th, (q. v.), and were transferred to the 147th in September, 1862; Cos. F, G and H were mustered in at Harrisburg, Pa., from August 22 to November 20, 1862, for a three years' term; Co. I was organized at Philadelphia on October 10, 1863, and Co. K in February, 1864. Co. K was formed from the men of the first five companies who did not reenlist for another term. It was disbanded in March, 1864, and its members were assigned to the other companies. The regiment was organized at Loudoun Heights, Virginia, October 10, 1862, with Ario Pardee, Jr., as lieutenant-colonel, and John Craig, major. On January 27, 1864, Pardee was commissioned colonel. The regiment moved from the vicinity of Harper's Ferry to Fairfax Court House just after the battle of Fredericksburg. It shared in Burnside's "Mud March" in January, 1863, and was stationed at Acquia Creek landing until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign. As part of the 1st brigade (Colonel Candy), 2nd division (Brigadier-General Geary), 12th corps (Major-General Henry W. Slocum), it took an honorable part in the battle of Chancellorsville, losing 94 killed, wounded and missing. including 3 officers killed and 4 wounded. It arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1 and during the night went into position to the right of Round Top, but was posted during the next two days of the battle on Culp's hill, on the right of the line. It suffered a loss of only 5 killed and 15 wounded, on account of the favorable nature of the ground it occupied. On its return to the Rappahannock it received 160 drafted men and a little later, with the 11th and 12th corps, it proceeded west and joined the Army of the Cumberland. It participated with some loss in the battles of Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge, and during the pursuit was active at Ringgold, after which it went into winter quarters at Wauhatchie. On December 29, 1863, a majority of the members reenlisted and received the usual veteran furlough. A large number of recruits were also received during the winter and early in May, 1864, it moved with General Sherman on the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Dug gap, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw mountain and Peachtree creek. In the last named action, the regiment held its position at a critical point on the line with great tenacity and heroism and aided largely in saving its corps from serious disaster. After sharing in the operations about Atlanta it marched to the sea and then north through the Carolinas. When General Johnston surrendered in April it moved with the army to the vicinity of Washington, and was there mustered out on July 15, 1865.

One Hundred and Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, James A. Beaver, James F. Weaver; Lieut.-Colonels, Robert McFarlane, George A. Fairlamb, James F. Weaver, George A. Bayard: Majors, George A. Fairlamb, Robert Henry Forster, James F. Weaver, George A. Bayard, Silas J. Martin. This regiment was composed of seven companies recruited in Center county, two in Indiana and Jefferson counties, and one in Clarion. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service from August 22 to September 8, 1862, for three years. Colonel Beaver had served in a militia company, as 1st lieutenant in the 2nd volunteer infantry, and as lieutenant-colonel of the 45th. He was appointed colonel of the 148th at the request of the line officers. A number of the other officers had also previously been in service. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,339, of whom 12 officers and 198 enlisted men were killed or died of wounds, and 4 officers and 183 enlisted men died of disease, accident or as prisoners. The total of killed and wounded was 769, and 62 died in Confederate prisons. It was one of the three hundred fighting regiments enumerated in Fox's "Regimental^ Losses," and participated in the following engagements: Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Po river, Spottsylvania, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, Prison Guard, Salisbury, N. G, first assaults on Petersburg, siege of Petersburg, Jerusalem plank road, Deep Bottom, Reams' station. Hatcher's run, White Oak road and Farmville. For three months after its organization it was engaged 'in guarding a section of the Northern Central railroad in Maryland, with headquarters at Cockeysville, and joined the Army of the Potomac at Falmouth immediately after the battle of Fredericksburg. It was assigned to Caldwell's (1st) brigade, Hancock's (1st) division, 2nd corps, and remained with this division throughout its term of service. It suffered severely in its first battle, Chancellorsville, where it lost 31 killed, 119 wounded and 14 missing, Colonel Beaver being severely wounded early in the engagement. It arrived on the field of Gettysburg on the second day of the battle and took position on the crest to the left of Cemetery hill. It was hotly engaged for about an hour in the afternoon of July 2 at the wheatfield in front of Round Top and then retired^ to its original position. Its loss was 19 killed, 101 wounded and 5 missing. After the battle it shared in the pursuit of the enemy, and in the Virginia and Mine Run campaigns. On Oct . 29 it received 125 drafted men and towards the middle of November 158 more were added to the ranks. Many of these were good recruits, though a few were worthless and depraved. The command went into winter quarters near Stevensburg, Virginia, where 120 more recruits were received. It lost only 1 man killed at the Wilderness, as it acted mainly as support to the other troops. It was heavily engaged at the Po river and Spottsylvania, where it lost 33 killed, 23s wounded and 33 missing, a total of 301, the greatest loss inflicted on any infantry regiment at Spottsylvania. Lieut.-Colonel Fairlamb was here severely wounded and taken prisoner. In the assault on Petersburg on June 16, Colonel Beaver, in command of the 3d brigade, was severely wounded. He rejoined the regiment as the battle of Reams' station was beginning and was again wounded, losing a leg. The 148th was one of the regiments— one from each division being selected—to be armed with breech-loading rifles, the selection being made by General Hancock. It was highly commended by General Miles for its gallant conduct at Sutherland's station on the South Side railroad in April, 1865. After sharing in the closing movements of the campaign it returned to the neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia, and was there mustered out on June 3, 1865.

One Hundred and Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Roy Stone, John Irvin; Lieut.-Colonels, Walton Dwight, John Irvin, James Glenn; Majors, George W. Speer, John Irvin, James Glenn, Edwin S. Osborne. This regiment (Bucktail) was recruited in the late summer of 1862 from the counties of Potter, Tioga, Lycoming, Clearfield, Clarion, Lebanon, Allegheny, Luzerne, Mifflin and Huntingdon, and was mustered into the U. S. service at the general camp of rendezvous in the month of August for a three years' term. Such had been the efficient service rendered during the first year of the war by the original Bucktails, the 42nd of the line, a strong demand arose for a Bucktail brigade from the state. Major Stone of the 42nd was accordingly authorized by the secretary of war in July, 1862, to proceed to the state and raise such a brigade. Within 20 days twenty companies were organized, which formed the 149th and 150th regiments, and there was a good prospect of raising a third and even a fourth regiment, when the Confederate army suddenly invaded Maryland and the two regiments already organized were immediately ordered to Washington. The men of the 149th were of fine physique, accustomed to the rifle, and wore the bucktail, as did the original regiment of that name. It remained on duty in the vicinity of Washington until the middle of February, 1863, when it joined the Army of the Potomac at Belle Plain, Virginia, and was there assigned to Stone's (2nd) brigade, Doubleday's (3d) division, Reynolds' (1st) corps. It was in position on the right of the line at arrived on the field of Gettysburg at 11 o'clock a. m. on the first day of the battle and at once went into position on the ridge in front of the seminary, near the Chambersburg pike. It maintained its position with great heroism throughout the first day until the whole line retreated through the town. Its heaviest losses were sustained in the fierce fighting of this day, though it was fearfully exposed during the great artillery duel of the third day. It lost 53 killed, 172 wounded and 111 captured or missing, a total of 336. Among the severely wounded were Colonel Stone, commanding the brigade, and Lieut.-Colonel Dwight, the regiment. It moved with the army in pursuit of Lee and did not bear an important part in the minor engagements of the fall campaigns. While in winter quarters near Culpeper, it received a large number of recruits, mostly conscripts. On May 4, 1864, it moved on the Wilderness campaign and fought at the battles of the Wilderness, Laurel hill, the North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor and the first assaults on Petersburg. Its losses were enormous from the beginning of the campaign up to the end of July, amounting to 34 killed, 249 wounded and 121 missing, a total of 404. It was active in the work of the siege until the middle of August, when it was engaged with its corps on the Weldon railroad, suffering some loss. Three weeks were then spent in fortifying, when it was relieved and held in reserve until October 1. It was present, but not active in the engagement at Peebles' farm; fought at Hatcher's run in October; shared in the raid on the Weldon railroad in December; and fought its last engagement at Dabney's mill in February, 1865, after which it was ordered north and was engaged in guarding the prison camp at Elmira, N. Y., until the close of its term of service. It was mustered out at Elmira on June 24, 1865, and proceeded to Harrisburg, Pa., where the men were paid and finally discharged.

One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry.—Colonels, Langhorn W:ster. Henry S. Huidekoper, George W. Jones; Lieut.-Colonels, Henry S. Huidekoper, Thomas Chamberlin, Cornelius C. Widdis, George W. Jones. John W. Sigler; Majors, Thomas Chamberlin, Cornelius C. Widdis. George W. Jones, Benjamin F. Topham. This regiment (Bucktail). like the 149th, was intended to form part of a Bucktail brigade. which Major Stone of the original Bucktails was authorised to raise in July, 1862. (See 149th.) Four companies, A, B, E and F were mis-d in Philadelphia, C. H, I and K, in Crawford county. D in Union, and G in McKean. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. where it was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, in the latter part of August, 1862. Colonel Wister had commanded a company of the old Bucktails, and Major Chamberlin, one in the 5th reserves, while Lieut.-Colonel Huidekoper had prepared himself for service by diligent study during the previous year at Harvard university. The organization was completed on September 4, 1862, and was composed of an excellent body of recruits. Soon afterward it proceeded to Washington and was engaged in guard duty in and around the capital until ordered to the front about the middle of February, 1863. Co. K had been detailed for guard duty at the soldiers' home, the summer residence of the president, and remained on duty alternately, winter and summer, at the home and the White House, serving as President Lincoln's body guard, until the close of its term of service. In February, 1863, the Bucktail troops—the 150th and 149th—joined the Army of the Potomac at Belle Plain, Virginia, and were assigned to Stone's (2nd) brigade, Doubleday's (3d) division, Reynolds' (1st) corps. The 150th was in position, but was not active at the battle of Chancellorsville and suffered no loss. It was hotly engaged on the first day of the battle of Gettysburg, in which it fought with the utmost bravery, changing front forward and also front to rear while under fire. While retiring with the rest of the line through the town in the evening, the last of the color-guard was killed, clasping the colors, and the regimental flag was lost. In the spring of 1865, it was found among the effects of Jefferson Davis, when he was captured in Georgia, and was held by the secretary of war, until October 25, 1869, but is now among the other tattered emblems at Harrisburg. The regiment was held in reserve the second day of the battle and was exposed to the severe artillery fire of the third day. Its total losses in killed, wounded and missing were 264, out of 17 officers and about 400 men engaged. Of the officers, 2 were killed, 10 wounded and 4 captured or missing. One of the heroic incidents of the first day's fight occurred when old John Burns asked and received permission from Colonel Wister to fight with the regiment, at the time it was rallied in the orchard during the retreat. Another hero who joined the command and remained with it throughout the first day was Dennis Buckley, Co. H, 6th Mich. cavalry, whose horse had been shot under him earlier that morning. The 150th joined in the pursuit after the battle; subsequently shared in the various marches and countermarches of the army; was stationed at Warrenton junction upon railroad guard duty from November 1, until the return of the army from the Mine Run campaign, when winter quarters were established at Paoli mills and afterwards at Culpeper. Meanwhile the command was reduced to less than 200 men and Captain Jones and Lieut. Kilgore were sent to Philadelphia on recruiting service, returning with a large number of new men. On May 4, 1864, it entered on the Wilderness campaign, assigned to the 3d brigade (Colonel Stone, afterwards Colonel Bragg), 4th division (General Wadsworth, afterwards General Cutler), 5th corps (General Warren). At the Wilderness it lost 92, killed, wounded and missing; at Spottsylvania Court-House, including the engagement at Laurel hill, its losses were 51; in the engagements at the North Anna and Totopotomy 7 in killed and wounded, the Bucktail brigade being highly praised for its gallantry at the North Anna. It did not suffer heavily in the fighting at Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church, having only 2 men wounded. On June 6, while at Cold Harbor, it was transferred to the 1st brigade, Colonel Chamberlain, 1st division, General Griffin. It was engaged in the assault on the works of Petersburg on June 18, being highly praised for its valor by General Griffin, and a few days later skirmished on the Jerusalem plank road. It shared in the raid on the Weldon railroad in August, and then assisted in building Fort Dushane. It was active at Hatcher's Run in October; in the raid on the Weldon railroad in December; and participated in its last fight at Dabney's mill in February, 1865, after which it was relieved at the front and sent north to guard the camp of Confederate prisoners at Elmira, N. Y., where it was mustered out on June 23, 1865. Co. K was mustered out on June 15, at Harrisburg, Pa. The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 1,039, of whom 112 were killed or died of wounds, and 95 died of disease or in prison.

One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Harrison Allen; Lieut.-Colonel, George F. McFarland; Major, John W. Young. The 151st was composed of men from the counties of Susquehanna, Pike, Warren, Juniata, Berks and Schuylkill, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service from Oct . 17 to November 3, 1862, for a nine months' term. Colonel Allen had resigned as major of the 10th reserves on February 14, 1862, on account of ill health; Lieut.-Colonel McFarland was principal of M'Alisterville academy, most of the members of Co. D being instructors and pupils of that institution, and nearly 100 other members had been school teachers. On November 26, 1862, it left the state for Washington and a week later moved to Union mills, where it engaged in drill and guard and picket duty. In February, 1863, it joined the Army of the Potomac at Belle Plain and was assigned to the 1st brigade (Colonel Porter and later General Rowley), 3d division (General Doubleday), 1st corps (General Reynolds). At this period the command suffered considerably from cold and exposure, some dying and many being in hospital. It was not heavily engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville, but lost 16 men, killed, wounded and missing. Few regiments in the Union army displayed more intrepidity, coolness and heroism than the 151st during the great three days' battle at Gettysburg, where both the regiment and its gallant commander, Lieut.-Colonel McFarland, won the unstinted praise of General Doubleday. Out of 21 officers and 466 men engaged it lost 2 officers and 49 men killed, 9 officers and 202 men wounded, and 4 officers and 71 men captured or missing. a total loss of 337, or about 70 per cent. Lieut. Colonel McFarland was severely wounded in the legs, one of which was amputated on the field. Colonel Allen, who was away on furlough, learned that a battle was impending and hastened to rejoin the regiment, arriving on the third day of the battle. The regiment shared in the pursuit of Lee's army until its escape into Virginia. Its term was then nearly expired and it returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out, July 27-31, 1863.

Third Artillery.—Colonel, Joseph Roberts; Lieut.-Colonel, R. V. W. Howard; Majors, John A. Darling, J. S. Stevenson, F. Von Schilling, John A. Blake. This regiment, the 152nd of the line, was recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at Philadelphia, and was mustered into the U. S. service at various periods during the latter part of the year 1862 and the early part of 1863. Cos. A and B had been organized as a battalion of marine artillery in 1861 by Hermann Segebarth, and garrisoned Fort Delaware. Late in the summer of 1862, authority was given Colonel Segebarth to increase this battalion to a full regiment of heavy artillery and batteries D, F, G and H were recruited during the fall and winter and mustered in for three years. In September, 1862, Major Roberts, of the 4th regular artillery, was authorized by the war department to raise a picked battalion of artillery for service at Fortress Monroe and as fast as the companies were organized and mustered in they were sent to that point, where they were drilled in infantry, light and heavy artillery tactics. In the spring of 1863, by order of the war department, the commands of Segebarth and Roberts were consolidated to form the 3d Pa. heavy artillery. Co. H, Captain William D. Rank, was detached for garrison duty in the defenses of Baltimore, where it remained throughout its term of service with a single exception, when a section was ordered to the front during the battle of Gettysburg and served as light artillery in Mcintosh's brigade, 2nd cavalry division, losing 2 killed, 10 wounded and 1 missing. The headquarters of the regiment were at Fortress Monroe and from this point detachments were sent out, both by land and sea, to serve in any arm of the service and wherever troops were needed. During the invasion of Eastern Virginia by Longstreet's corps. in the spring of 1863, Cos. A, B, F and G served in the defenses of Suffolk throughout the siege. Every company except H furnished detachments for service at the front in the campaigns of 1864-65, and they were engaged on the James, Chickahominy and Nansemond rivers in numerous battles, as well as in the capture of Fort Fisher. In the engagement at Smithfield, Virginia, in February, 1864, detachments from Cos. A and B, serving on the army gunboats, suffered a loss of 38 captured, many of whom afterwards died at Andersonville. A detachment of Co. A, serving on the gunboat Bombshell, at Plymouth, N. C., in April, 1864, lost 27 captured when the boat was sunk. During most of its term of service Co. I performed guard duty at the headquarters of the Army of the James and was present at the surrender of Lee. As its numbers exceeded the requirements of the army regulations, many of the original members volunteered to form the 188th Pa. infantry in connection with a number of unassigned recruits, though new recruits were added to the 152nd and its ranks were still more than full. Cos. D, E, G and M served with the Army of the James before Petersburg, being stationed at Bermuda Hundred; Co. E, with others, under command of Captain Hazard, was posted at Fort Converse, covering the pontoon bridge across the Appomattox. Many details were furnished for work on the fortifications and for duty in the various arms of the service. After the close of hostilities, detachments of the 152nd served as guard for Jefferson Davis during his confinement in Fortress Monroe. Sixteen men of Co. F were lost on March 31, 1865, while returning to Fortress Monroe from Wilmington, N. C., on account of the destruction by fire of the transport General Lyon. From the foregoing sketch it will be noted that, though this command was originally organized for special duty at Fortress Monroe, it performed a large amount of duty at the front, both by land and sea. By reason of its excellent training in every branch of the service, it was enabled to furnish details when called upon for every branch of the artillery service, as well as in the infantry and naval arms. The regiment was mustered out as follows: Cos. A and B, at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, July 11, 1865; Co. H, at Baltimore. Maryland, July 25, 1865; the remaining companies, at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, November 9, 1865.

One Hundred and Fifty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Charles Glanz; Lieut. Colonel Jacob Dachrodt; Major, John F. Frueauff. Under the president's call of August 4, 1862, for 300,000 militia for nine months' service, thirteen companies were promptly raised in Northampton county and rendezvoused at Easton. These companies were afterwards consolidated into ten and on Oct . 6, 1862, proceeded to Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where they were mustered into the U. S. service from October 7 to October 11, 1862. On the 12th the regiment left for Washington and shortly afterwards was ordered to Gainesville, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade (Colonel Von Gilsa), 1st division (General Stahel), 11th corps (General Sigel). It joined the army on December 16, just after the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg and after sharing in Burnside's "Mud March" of January, 1863, went into permanent winter quarters at Potomac creek bridge. It had a rough experience in its first battle—that of Chancellorsville—being posted with its brigade on the extreme right of the line on the old turnpike. It was the first regiment to feel the shock of Stonewall Jackson's powerful attack on the afternoon of May 3 upon the right of the 11th corps. With the steadiness of veterans it poured in one effective volley and was then forced to retreat with the brigade to escape being entirely cut off by the impetuous masses of the advancing enemy. Its loss during the entire battle was 6 men killed, 3 officers and 37 men wounded, and 3 officers and 36 men captured or missing, a total of 85. Colonel Glanz was among the captured and Lieut. Colonel Dachrodt among the wounded. Colonel Glanz rejoined the regiment on June 76, but was too enfeebled by his late imprisonment to assume command. The regiment lost heavily at the battle of Gettysburg, where it was hotly engaged on the first two days of the battle and was subjected to a fierce artillery fire on the 3d. It lost 1 officer and 22 men killed, 7 officers and 135 men wounded and 46 men captured or missing, a total of 211. It participated in the pursuit as far as Funkstown, Maryland, when, its term of service having expired, it was ordered home and was mustered out at Harrisburg, Pa., July 23-24, 1863.

One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Infantry.—Enough companies to form this regiment had been organized in December, 1862, but before the field officers were commissioned, seven companies were detailed for special duty, and only three, A B and C, remained together. These companies were mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia, from November 1, 1862, to January 21, 1863, for nine months, and were assigned to provost duty in the city of Philadelphia. Cos. A and B were mustered out at Philadelphia September 29, 1863, and Co. C October 21, 1863.

One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward J. Allen, John H. Cain, Alfred L. Pearson; Lieut.-Colonels, James Collard, John H. Cain, A. L. Pearson, John Ewing; Majors, John H. Cain, A. L. Pearson, John Ewing, J. Andrew Cline. The 155th regiment, composed of eight companies from Allegheny county and two from Clarion county, was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg and Pittsburg, during August and the early part of September, 1862, for three years. The Allegheny county companies rendezvoused at Camp Copeland, near Pittsburg, and moved to Harrisburg, September 3, where they were joined by Cos. G and H and a regimental organization was effected. Immediately after its organization, it left the state for Washington, where it arrived only a few days after the second battle of Bull Run, and went into the defenses of the capital, being assigned to the 2nd brigade, Colonel Allabach, 3d division, Brigadier-General Humphreys, 5th corps, General Butterfield. It was in reserve during the battle of Antietam, but was heavily engaged at the battle of Fredericksburg, which was its first battle and its loss sustained in the charge on the stone wall at the foot of Marye's heights was 68 killed, wounded and missing. It was not heavily engaged at Chancellorsville, losing 3 killed, 10 wounded and 1 missing. The nine months' regiments with which the 155th had been brigaded were now mustered out and it was assigned to the 3d brigade. General Weed, 2nd division, General Ayres, 5th corps, General Sykes. It arrived on the battlefield of Gettysburg on the morning of July 2, and after being held in reserve for a time was hurried with its division to occupy Little Round Top. The 155th gained the summit of the rocky fastness and continued to occupy this position throughout the third day of the battle, its losses being 6 killed and 13 wounded. It shared in the pursuit of the enemy and also took part in the various movements and skirmishes of the fall campaign, being active at Rappahannock Station and at Mine run. On the close of the campaign it was posted along the Orange & Alexandria railroad. Colonels Allen and Cain having resigned, Lieut.-Colonel Pearson was promoted to colonel. Under his command the regiment became proficient in the French skirmish and bayonet drill, and in their French Zouave uniforms the men attracted much attention. Before moving on the Wilderness campaign. it became a part of Ayres' (1st) brigade, Griffin's (1st) division, 5th corps. Its losses at the Wilderness were 7 killed, 42 wounded, including Captain Stewart and Lieut. Johnston, and 6 missing. In the operations at Spottsylvania Court House it again met with heavy loss. having 8 killed, 51 wounded and 2 missing. Its losses at the North Anna river and at Totopotomy were 2 killed and 15 wounded. On June 6 its brigade became the 1st brigade of the 2nd division and in the operations at Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor it lost it 11 wounded and 1 missing. In the assault on the works at Petersburg June 16, the regiment lost 83 killed and wounded in the space of 10 minutes. It participated in the movements at Six-mile house in August, and was later engaged at Peebles' farm, where Colonel Pearson, for gallantry in leading his men, was promoted brevet brigadier-general. It was warmly engaged but with only small loss at Hatcher's run near the end of October, and shared in the Weldon railroad expedition in December. In the action at Dabney's mill in February, 1865, it suffered severely and displayed great gallantry. It moved on its final campaign, March 29, 1865, and was highly complimented by General Meade for its gallantry at the Quaker road and Gravelly run, and General Pearson was brevetted major-general. It was active at the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's creek, and after Lee's surrender returned to the vicinity of Washington, where it was mustered out on June 2, 1865. Proceeding to Pittsburg, it was given a great public reception, and here the men were finally paid and discharged.

One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, Edmund T. Tiers; Majors, Thomas H. Addicks, Edmund T. Tiers, Thomas E. Carter. This regiment was never fully organized. Recruiting commenced in the fall of 1862, and in December, when its ranks were only partially filled, it was sent to garrison Fort Delaware. Meanwhile, an effort had been made to recruit the 156th regiment, but with little success, and on February 27, 1863, the 156th and 157th were consolidated and formed into a battalion of four companies. It was stationed in the defences of Washington until the end of May, 1864, when it joined the army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor and participated in the operations there and at Bethesda Church as part of the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 5th corps, losing 1 killed, 16 wounded and 2 missing. It was again active at Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Chapel house and Hatcher's run. The battalion was transferred to the 191st Pa. on March 21, 1865, and its subsequent history is identified with that regiment. It was mustered out with the 191st in the field, June 28, 1865.

One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, David B. M'Kibbin; Lieut.-Colonel, Elias S. Troxell; Major, Martin G. Hale. The 158th, a militia regiment, was composed of men from the counties of Cumberland, Franklin and Fulton, rendezvoused at Chambersburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service November 1-4, 1862, for nine months. Towards the end of November it left the state and proceeded to Suffolk, Virginia, where it was assigned to Spinola's brigade of Ferry's division. At the end of the year it moved to New Berne, N. C., and there went into winter quarters. Early in April, 1863, it participated in the operations on the Pamlico river for the relief of the garrison at Washington, then being besieged by General Hill, but was forced to return to New Berne without raising the blockade. On April 8 it participated in another expedition by land for the relief of the beleaguered garrison, proceeding as far as Blount's creek, where an artillery engagement with the enemy took place. Returning to New Berne, it again started on an expedition for the same purpose, and on April 14 skirmished with the enemy at Big Swift creek, returning to New Berne on the 20th. The siege of Washington was raised shortly after and the 158th was ordered to garrison the town and fortifications. At the end of June, it reported to General Dix at Fortress Monroe and shared in the expedition to the vicinity of Richmond. On July 11 it reported to General Meade, who was then engaged in the pursuit of Lee's forces. Soon after it moved to Frederick, and on August 8 was ordered to Chambersburg, Pa., where it was mustered out on the 12th.

Fourteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, James N. Schoonmaker; Lieut.-Colonels, William Blakeley, John M. Daily; Majors, Thomas Gibson, Shadrack Foley, John M. Daily, William W. Miles, John Bird. In August, 1862, James N. Schoonmaker, a citizen of Pittsburg, and a lieutenant in the 1st Maryland cavalry, was authorized by Sec. Stanton to recruit a battalion of five companies of cavalry. Recruits were rapidly obtained and authority was given to recruit a full regiment. The men were principally from the counties of Allegheny, Fayette, Armstrong, Washington, Lawrence, Erie and Warren, and the city of Philadelphia. They rendezvoused at Camp Howe, afterwards at Camp Montgomery, near Pittsburg, and were mustered into the U. S. service from August 21 to November 4, 1862, for three years. On the latter date it moved to Hagerstown, Maryland, where it received horses, arms and equipment and was drilled in the various cavalry evolutions. On December 28, it proceeded to Harper's Ferry and was engaged for several months in picket and scouting duty. A detachment of unmounted men under Major Foley was left at Harper's Ferry and the remainder of the command joined General Averell's forces at Grafton. It skirmished at Beverly and Huttonville early in July, a few days later rejoined General Kelley's forces at Cumberland, and proceeded thence to Williamsport. where it joined the army of the Potomac, being engaged with the enemy's cavalry near Martinsburg on the 15th. Shortly after it was joined by Major Foley's detachment. On August 4 it moved with General Averell on the Rocky gap raid in West Virginia and was hotly engaged at White Sulphur springs losing 80 men, killed, wounded and missing. On this raid it marched over 600 miles in 27 days. being frequently engaged. On November 1, it moved with General Averell on the Droop mountain raid and was engaged at Mill Point, and Droop mountain. Returning to New creek by easy marches, it shared in Averell's second raid into southwestern Virginia in December, when an immense amount of stores and merchandise, many miles of railroad track, and numerous bridges were destroyed. Its loss during the raid was about 50 and the command marched over 345 miles under very trying conditions. It went into winter quarters at Martinsburg and was almost constantly engaged in picket, guard and scout duty until the opening of the spring campaign. As a part of the 1st brigade, (Colonel Schoonmaker) of Averell's division. it broke winter quarters on April 12. 1864, and moved to Parkersburg, whence it proceeded south to the Virginia & Tennessee railroad, aiming to destroy the salt works at Saltville. The regiment was heavily engaged at Cove mountain in May, losing 12 killed and 37 wounded. At Union, Averell's forces effected a junction with General Crook, advanced to Lewisburg and then to Staunton. to join the forces of General Hunter, who was about to move on the Lynchburg campaign. A detachment of the regiment, which had been left behind at Martinsburg under Captain Duncan, was meanwhile hotly engaged at New Market and Piedmont, carrying an earthwork, capturing a number of prisoners, and winning praise for its gallantry in the latter action. At Staunton the detachment rejoined the regiment and started on the Lynchburg campaign. The Union cavalry drove Imboden at Lexington, destroyed the Virginia military institute, skirmished at Buchanan, and June 17-18 fought the battle of Lynchburg, but was forced to retire. During the retreat. the 14th, as part of Hunter's rear-guard, was warmly engaged at Liberty on the 19th, holding the enemy in check for several hours and losing 6 killed and 18 wounded. It was active at Salem on the 2rst and finally reached Parkersburg, after a march which entailed great hardship and suffering from hunger and fatigue. From Parkersburg it moved by rail to Martinsburg. In July it was twice engaged with Early's forces at Winchester, being forced to fall back to the Potomac with the rest of Averell's command. After the burning of Chambersburg, Pa., it followed in pursuit of McCausland, overtook him at Moorefield, Virginia, where severe punishment was administered to the forces of McCausland, Johnson, Gillmore, and McNeill, the 14th losing here 10 killed and 25 wounded. It now returned to Martinsburg and later participated under Sheridan in the brilliant campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, losing heavily at the Opequan and being active at Fisher's hill. For gallantry displayed in the action at Weyer's cave, against the forces of Fitzhugh Lee, the name was inscribed upon its battle flag by general order. A detachment under Captains Miles and Duff was engaged at Cedar creek, on October 19. The regiment soon after made a reconnaissance in the Luray valley and was hotly engaged with McCausland at Front Royal, losing 15 killed and wounded. During the winter of 1864-65, it suffered severely in expeditions to Millwood and Ashby's gap. After Lee's surrender it was stationed for two months near Washington and the latter part of June moved to Fort Leavenworth, Kan., where it was consolidated into a battalion of six companies on July 17, 1865. The field and staff and Cos. B, C, D, E and F were mustered out here, on August 24, and Co. A on November 2, 1865, the last named having been detailed as an escort to General Dodge, commanding the department, on a tour of inspection.

Fifteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, William J. Palmer; Lieut.-Colonels, William Spencer, Charles B. Lamborn, Charles M. Betts; Majors, Adolph G. Rosengarten, Frank B. Ward, Charles M. Betts, George E. Gouraud, William Wagner, Abram B. Garner, H. McAllister, Jr. The 160th regiment, known as the 15th (Anderson) cavalry, was recruited by William J. Palmer, formerly captain of the Anderson troop, from the state at large, rendezvoused at Carlisle, and was mustered into the U. S. service from August 22 to October 10, 1862, for three years. As in the case of the Anderson troop (q. v.) it was originally intended to employ the regiment on escort and headquarters duty and the members of the command were therefore selected with great care, many coming from the most influential families of the state. Early in September, before the regiment was fully organized, 250 picked men were sent into the Cumberland valley to assist in repelling the threatened invasion of the state by Lee's forces and rendered efficient service. This detachment charged through Hagerstown, captured 30 stragglers, and was employed in bringing up stragglers during the battle of Antietam. Captain Palmer was captured the day after the battle, while on dangerous service within the enemy's lines. On November 7, the regiment left the state for Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mounted, and a month later it joined the army assembled at Nashville. An unfortunate incident occurred at this time for which the regiment was much criticised. The command had never been fully officered. having only seven field and staff, twelve line, and about two-thirds of its complement of non-commissioned officers. It sought in vain to have this deficiency remedied and when it was ordered to advance with General Stanley's division of cavalry on the eve of the Stone's river campaign, only the few officers and about 300 of the men responded. On December 30 about 100 more of the men made their way to the front, and by order of General Mitchell, in command at Nashville, the others were sent to the workhouse. On January 20, 1863, General Rosecrans agreed to have them reorganized and fully officered if they would return to duty. This seems to have been all the men desired and the proposition was accepted. On February 7, 1863, Colonel Palmer returned from captivity and resumed command, horses and full equipments were received, and the regiment was organized into twelve companies with W. J. Palmer, colonel, and Charles B. Lamborn, lieutenant-colonel. Meanwhile the battalion under Majors Rosengarten and Ward, which had advanced with Stanley's division, behaved most gallantly at Wilkinson's cross-roads, losing 13 killed or mortally wounded and 69 wounded and missing. Among the killed were both majors. Led by Captain Vezin, the battalion joined in a charge on Wheeler's cavalry on the 31st, driving the enemy. During this charge private Holt of Co. H captured the colors of the 10th Tenn. cavalry. On January 1, 1863, it was detailed to guard a train to Nashville, losing several more in killed and wounded en route. A detachment was engaged near Woodbury and Snow Hill, Tenn. and captured 18 prisoners near the Barrens. On Rosecrans' campaign from Murfreesboro to Tullahoma, Tenn., Cos. B, H and K served as escort to the general commanding, and the other companies were employed in courier duty between the right and left wings of the army. In the Chickamauga campaign the command was engaged in scouting, preparing maps, guarding flank roads, carrying despatches and at headquarters. Late in November it was ordered to Knoxville and the day after its arrival was ordered to meet and disperse a force from North Carolina, under Colonel Thomas, at Seviersville, Tenn., the enemy being completely routed and his camp burned. It now engaged in scouting on the left flank of Longstreet's army moving towards Virginia, and was sharply engaged at Dandridge, losing 75 killed, wounded and prisoners. A few days later it was again engaged for 6 hours at Mossy creek, losing a few men. In January, 1864, the 15th was posted at Dandridge to watch the movements of Longstreet's army and harass his foraging parties. About the middle of the month Colonel Palmer, with about 125 men, made a daring detour against Brigadier-General Vance, coming up with the enemy near Newport, captured the general, 2 staff officers, 50 men, 150 horses, a wagon train and a large amount of stores. For his gallantry Colonel Palmer was strongly recommended for promotion. On the 24th it engaged in an expedition to the Big Pigeon river and captured 72 of the enemy and large stores. The command had become skilled in scouting duty and full reliance was placed on the information gained by it. On February 11 it returned to Chattanooga and for the next three months was employed in reconnoissances and scouting duty. In May it was ordered to Nashville to refit and it was August before the regiment was again ready to take the field. For the next two months it was engaged in numerous minor expeditions, portions of the command being engaged at Jonesboro. the Holston river, and in numerous skirmishes and scouting expeditions. During October and November, with headquarters at Chattanooga, it was employed in scouting, frequently meeting bands of the enemy. On December 20 it moved to Decatur, whence it moved in pursuit of Hood's demoralized troops on their retreat from Tennessee, capturing many prisoners and a large amount of supplies and greatly harassing the enemy. It brought all its captures to Decatur with a loss of only 1 killed and 2 wounded. Expeditions in January and February, 1865, against General Lyon at Fort Deposit and a guerrilla band in the Cumberland mountains were entirely successful and resulted in the capture of numerous prisoners. Refitted for active service, it moved with General Stoneman on April 1 on his raid into North Carolina. After the capture of Salisbury, N. C., it turned towards Knoxville. Near the close of April, 1865, it was ordered with its division, now commanded by General Palmer, to proceed south in the effort to capture Jefferson Davis and train. On May 8, it captured 7 wagons, containing the effects of the banks of Macon, numerous other valuables, and the private baggage, maps and official papers of Generals Beauregard and Pillow. Two days later Co. G captured General Bragg, his wife, 3 staff officers, and 3 wagons. Soon after the capture of President Davis the regiment returned to Nashville, Tenn., and with the exception of Co. A, was there mustered out of service on June 21, 1865. Co. A was mustered out at the same place on July 18. Sixteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, John Irvin Gregg; Lieut.-Colonels, Lorenzo D. Rodgers, John K. Robison; Majors, John K. Robison, William A. West, William H. Fry, John Stroup, Seth T. Kennedy, Andrew F. Swan, James C. Robinson, Adam J. Snyder, R. W. McDowell. The 16th cavalry, the 161st regiment of the line, was recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at Camp Simmons, near Harrisburg, afterwards at Camp McClellan, and was mustered into the U. S. service during September, October and the first half of November, 1862, for three years. Colonel Gregg was an experienced officer, having served in the Mexican war, afterwards in the 11th U. S. infantry, where he rose to the grade of captain, and later in the state militia. On the outbreak of the rebellion, he was made colonel of the 5th regiment of the reserve corps, but accepted a commission in the 6th U. S. cavalry instead and served with that regiment during the Peninsular and Maryland campaigns. On November 30 the regiment proceeded to Camp Casey, near Bladensburg, Maryland, and on January 3, 1863, it joined the army of the Potomac at Falmouth, where it was assigned to Averell's division of the cavalry corps. During the winter it was engaged in severe picket and guard duty and first met the enemy at Kelly's ford in March, 1863, where it met with a slight loss. It shared in the various movements of its division prior to and during the battle of Chancellorsville, but was not actively engaged. At Brandy Station in May it guarded the trains and had no part in the fighting. On June 11 it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, cavalry corps, Colonel J. Irvin Gregg commanding the brigade, General David McM. Gregg the division, and General Pleasonton the corps. On May 16, 1863, Captain Robison was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and was in command of the regiment during the Gettysburg campaign. On the march northward into Pennsylvania it was engaged at Middleburg and Upperville. At Gettysburg it was only lightly engaged, losing 2 killed and 4 wounded. After the battle it followed in pursuit and was engaged at Halltown and Shepherdstown. In the latter action it made several gallant charges and met with a loss of 24 killed, wounded and missing. In the fall campaign it skirmished at Culpeper and was active at Jeffersonton, Auburn, and Bristoe Station, on the retreat to Centerville. In the Mine Run campaign it was active on the Fredericksburg plank road and at Parker's store. During the winter of 1863-64 it participated in raids to Luray and Front Royal, and a detachment of the command shared in Kilpatrick's raid from Stevensburg to Richmond. On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 it was active at the Wilderness and Todd's tavern; shared in Sheridan's cavalry raid to Richmond in May; and near the close of that month was heavily engaged at Haw's shop, losing 4 killed and 20 wounded, Lieut.-Colonel Robison being among the latter. In June it moved with Sheridan in the expedition towards Lynchburg; was heavily engaged at Trevilian Station in June; and at Samaria Church, where it repelled repeated charges. During the rest of the year it was engaged at Malvern hill, Strawberry Plains, losing 7 killed, 2 officers and 22 men wounded, out of less than 200 engaged, at Six-mile house, Weldon railroad, at Reams' station, Poplar Spring Church, Belcher's mills, Hatcher's run, where it lost 3 killed and 28 wounded, and on December 1 it assisted in the capture of a fort, 3 guns and a number of prisoners, at Stony Creek station on the Weldon railroad. It shared in the Weldon railroad expedition without loss and then went into winter quarters at Hancock's station. Early in February, 1865, it was heavily engaged at Dabney's mill and on the opening of the final campaign it met with severe loss at Dinwiddie Court House. The regiment was incessantly active throughout the closing days of the war, being engaged at Five Forks, Amelia springs, Sailor's creek and Farmville. Upon the close of hostilities it was posted at Lynchburg to preserve order and guard property and in August it moved to Richmond, Virginia, where it was mustered out on the 11th.

Seventeenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Josiah H. Kellogg, J. Q. Anderson; Lieut.-Colonels, John B. McAllister, J. Q. Anderson, Coe Durland; Majors, David B. Hartranft, Coe Durland, Reuben R. Reinhold, J. Q. Anderson, Weidner H. Spera, Luther B. Kurtz, William Thompson. The 17th cavalry, or the 162nd regiment, was one of the three cavalry regiments furnished by the state under the president's call of July 2, 1862. It was recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at Camp Simmons, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service during September. October and November, 1862, for three years. Colonel Kellogg had been a captain in the 1st U. S. cavalry; a few of the officers and men were Mexican war veterans; but most of the members were devoid of military experience. On November 25, 1862, it left the state for Washington and a few days later was ordered to the front. It first encountered the enemy at Occoquan, Virginia, where it skirmished with Hampton's cavalry, and later had a brush with Stuart's cavalry at Dumfries. The 17th was assigned to the 2nd brigade, Colonel Devin, 1st division, General Pleasonton, cavalry corps, serving in this brigade and division throughout its term. This brigade furnished the only cavalry present at the battle of Chancellorsville, where Cos. C and I were detailed for escort duty with General Meade and the rest of the regiment assisted in staying the mad onset of Stonewall Jackson's men when the 11th corps was routed. It was highly complimented for its coolness by General Pleasonton in a general order. Next it was engaged at Beverly ford with the enemy's cavalry, and again met him at Upperville. General Buford, in command of the division, initiated the battle of Gettysburg on July 1, and was able to hold Hill in check until the forces of Reynolds and Howard reached the field. During the rest of the battle the 17th was employed in preventing flanking movements and in guarding communications with the army's base. In the pursuit after the battle it was engaged at Boonsboro and skirmished daily thereafter until the enemy escaped across the river. The regiment was almost incessantly active during the indecisive fall campaigns, being often engaged and bearing its full share of the toils and losses until it finally went into winter quarters at Culpeper. Through the winter it picketed a long line towards James City. and toward the close of February, 1864, a detail of 200 men. under Captain Spera, joined in Kilpatrick's raid to Richmond. On the opening of the spring campaign in 1864 it was engaged throughout May 6. on the left of the line at "the Furnace," and on the next two days was heavily engaged on the Spottsylvania road, losing 14 killed and wounded. It then joined in Sheridan's cavalry raid toward Richmond, being active at Beaver Dam Station, Ground Squirrel Church, Yellow tavern and Meadow bridge. Rejoining the army on May 25 it was given but one day's rest, when it was engaged at New Castle ferry on the Pamunkey river, driving the enemy, and the next day skirmished at Hanoverton. It was engaged at Old Church on the 30th, losing a number of men. At Cold Harbor the command fought dismounted, losing 22 killed and wounded, and shortly after, when Sheridan led the cavalry towards Lynchburg, it was hotly engaged near Trevilian Station, losing 5 killed, 19 wounded and 2 missing. It lost at White House, some ten days later, 5 killed and 12 wounded, and at Jones' bridge and Charles City Court House it again met with some loss. Late in July it was heavily engaged at Deep Bottom. In August it joined Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley and was engaged at Sulphur Springs bridge, White Post, Crooked run, Front Royal, and then assisted in driving the enemy's infantry at Kearneysville and Shepherdstown. Three weeks of constant skirmishing followed, in which the 17th was active at White Post, Berryville and Bunker Hill. At the battle of Opequan it led the charge which drove the enemy towards Winchester. After the battle the regiment reported to Colonel Edwards, post commander at Winchester, and was employed in keeping open communication with the base of supplies. On October 19 a detachment of the regiment under Major Spera rode with Sheridan during his famous dash from Winchester to the battlefield at Cedar creek and shared in the great battle of that day. The command was then active at White's ford and Jack's shop, in December and then returned to the vicinity of Winchester. where it went into permanent winter quarters. It shared in Sheridan's grand raid in the rear of Richmond in February and March, 1865, which was one of the most arduous and trying campaigns of the whole war. Rejoining the army before Petersburg on March 26, it led the advance during the final campaign and was almost incessantly engaged until April 6, when General Ewell, with one wing of the Confederate army was captured. The cavalry now maintained a running fight with the enemy until the final surrender at Appomattox Court House, the 17th maintaining its fine reputation as hard fighters until the end. After a short period of rest it marched to the vicinity of Washington and was mustered out at Cloud's mills, Virginia, June 16, 1865. A small remnant of the regiment was consolidated with the 1st and 6th Pa. cavalry on June 17, 1865, and designated the 2nd Pa. provisional cavalry. It was mustered out with that organization, August 7. 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky. In parting with the regiment, General Devin said: "In five successive campaigns, and in over three score engagements, you have nobly sustained your part. Of the many gallant regiments from your state none has a brighter record, none has more freely shed its blood on every battlefield from Gettysburg to Appomattox. Your gallant deeds will be ever fresh in the memory of your comrades of the Iron Brigade and the First Division. Soldiers, Farewell."

Eighteenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Timothy M. Bryan. Jr., T. F. Rodenbough; Lieut.-Colonels, James Gowan, William P. Brinton, John W. Phillips; Majors, Joseph Gilmore, William B. Darlington, Henry B. Van Voorhis, John W. Phillips, William H. Page, John Britton. The 18th cavalry. the 163d Pa. regiment, was recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service from October, 1862, to February. 1863, for three years. When only partially organized and equipped, it moved from Harrisburg to Bladensburg, Maryland, and on January 1, 1863, it moved to near the head of Long bridge, Virginia; about the middle of the month to Germantown on the Little River turnpike, where early in February it was joined by Cos. L and M, hitherto wanting, and was fully organized. It was at first brigaded with the 5th N. Y. and 1st Vt. cavalry, under command of Colonel Wyndham, and early in the spring was assigned to General Custer's Michigan brigade of Brigadier-General Stahel's division. After five months' service in this locality, covering the defenses of Washington and guarding the gaps of the Blue ridge it moved with its division to Middletown, and became a part of the 3d division, cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, under General Kilpatrick, who relieved General Stahel. Marching through Littlestown and Hanover, the regiment formed the rear-guard, being attacked by Stuart's force at Hanover. A sharp skirmish ensued which accounted for the absence of the Confederate cavalry from Gettysburg, where it was so greatly needed. On July 3 the 18th was closely engaged at Gettysburg throughout the entire day and in the evening the 1st brigade charged under the leadership of Colonel Farnsworth, who was killed. In the pursuit which followed the cavalry overtook and captured 1,000 prisoners and 2 pieces of artillery at Monterey Springs. At Hagerstown the enemy was found in force and in a charge made by Cos. L and M to test the strength of the opposing forces, a large proportion of the two companies was killed or captured. In continuing the pursuit engagements followed at Brandy Station and Culpeper in September, at Brandy Station in October, and at Buckland mills and New Baltimore in November. Winter quarters were established early in December at Stevensburg. In February, 1864, the regiment shared in the raid upon Richmond under General Kilpatrick and at the beginning of the Wilderness campaign had a narrow escape from capture. After a charge at Spottsylvania on May 7 the cavalry under General Sheridan moved toward Richmond and rejoined the main body of the army at the South Anna. Picket and scouting duties followed. with engagements at St. Mary's Church, Yellow House, and in the Shenandoah valley, where the regiment was ordered early in August. At Fisher's hill. Winchester and Cedar creek the 18th fought valiantly and in November went into winter quarters at Harper's Ferry. It participated in the raid on Waynesboro and was detailed to guard the prisoners to Winchester. Here it remained until May, 1865, when it moved to Cumberland, Maryland, where Co. E was mustered out on June 14 and the remainder of the regiment consolidated on June 24 with the 22nd Pa. cavalry to form the 3d provisional cavalry, which was stationed at Clarksburg, West Virginia, until mustered out on October 31, 1865.

One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel. Charles H. Buehler; Lieut.-Colonel, E. G. Fahnestock; Major, Nash G. Camp. The 165th, a militia regiment, of which one company came from Franklin county, one from Cumberland and the remainder from Adams, was organized at Chambersburg between November 25 and December 4. 1862 and moved to Washington on December 8. Proceeding to Suffolk it encamped there for some time and was attached to the 1st division, 7th corps. An expedition to the Blackwater was undertaken and in January, 1863, a part of the regiment was engaged at Deserted House and pursued the enemy for some distance. The command aided in the defense of Suffolk, when it was besieged by General Longstreet in the spring of 1863, and in a raid upon the Weldon railroad in May. Tts next movement was in the direction of Richmond and after destroying bridges on the South Anna river it withdrew to Yorktown and returned to Gettysburg, where it was mustered out July 28, 1863.

One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Andrew J. Fulton; Lieut.-Colonel, George W. Reisinger; Major, Joseph A. Renaut. The 166th, a militia regiment, came from York county. It was organized near York from October 24 to December 8, 1862, and mustered into the U. S. service for a nine months term. On December 8 it proceeded to Washington, there embarked for Newport News and was ordered to Suffolk, where it was attached to General Peck's brigade. It shared in the defense of Suffolk and the skirmishes resulting, and after the close of the siege several expeditions were undertaken to accomplish the destruction of railroads near the Blackwater. From June 27 to July 2, the regiment was stationed at White House. After sharing in the movements for the destruction of railroads north of Richmond it moved to Washington and Harrisburg and was mustered out at the latter place on July 28, 1863.

One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Charles A. Knoderer, Joseph De Puy Davis; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph De Puy Davis, Gustav A. Worth; Majors, Gustav A. Worth, Jonathan Lee. This regiment, composed of members from Bucks county, was organized at Reading from November 10 to December 6, 1862, when it entered the service of the United States for a nine months term. In December it joined the force under General Peck at Suffolk and was closely engaged at Deserted House, January 30, 1863, where Colonel Knoderer was fatally wounded. The regiment shared in the successful stand at Suffolk against the attack and siege by General Longstreet, after which it joined in the movement toward Richmond and in July joined the Army of the Potomac. 'Assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, it participated in the pursuit of General Lee until August 12, when it was mustered out at Harrisburg.

One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph Jack; Lieut.-Colonel, John Murphy; Major, John J. Cree. This was a militia regiment from the counties of Westmoreland, Fayette, Greene, Beaver, Allegheny and Erie, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Pittsburg from October 16 to December 1, 1862, for a nine months term. It left Pittsburg for Washington on December 2; was ordered to Suffolk, where it became a part of Spinola's (Keystone) brigade and moved to New Berne, N. C., where it arrived on January 1, 1863. From New Berne several expeditions were made, none of which resulted in battle, and at the end of the siege of Little Washington, the regiment was stationed there until June 28. Proceeding to Fortress Monroe, it joined at White House in the movement toward Richmond and in response to the desire of the troops to cooperate in the defense of their native state was ordered to Harper's Ferry. However, the 168th was not destined to share in the bloody battle at Gettysburg and joined the army at Boonesboro. After a short period at Middleton, Maryland, the command was mustered out at Harrisburg, July 25, 1863.

One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Lewis W. Smith; Lieut.-Colonel, S. M. Wickersham; Major, William Smyth. The 169th, a militia organization, was composed of four companies from Crawford Co., two from Mercer, two from Erie, one from Clarion and one from Butler. It was organized at Pittsburg in October and November, 1862, and there mustered into the U. S. service for a nine months term. Ordered to Washington on December 1, it was sent to Fortress Monroe, thence to Gloucester Point and Fort Keyes, which it garrisoned until July 9, 1863, when it was ordered to Funkstown and became part of the 11th corps, Army of the Potomac. On July 15, the command was ordered home and was mustered out at Harrisburg on the 27th.

One Hundred and Seventy-first Infantry.—Colonel, Everard Bierer; Lieut.-Colonel, Theophilus Humphrey; Major, Robert C. Cox. This militia regiment came from the counties of Bradford, Juniata. Lycoming, Somerset and Tioga, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg in November, 1862, for a nine months term. It left Camp Curtin for Washington on November 27, was ordered at once to Suffolk, where it became part of the Keystone brigade and proceeded to New Berne, N. C. There it spent the winter. making several excursions into the surrounding country and driving the enemy from the vicinity in March, 1863. It aided in the relief of Little Washington; was stationed there until June. when it returned to Fortress Monroe; then aided in the demonstration toward Richmond and moved to Harper's Ferry early in July. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on August 8, 1863.

One Hundred and Seventy-second Infantry.—Colonel, Charles Kleckner; Lieut.-Colonels, Thaddeus G. Bogle, James A. Johnson; Major, M. T. Heintzelman. The greater portion of this militia regiment came from the counties of Snyder and Northumberland. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg in November, 1862, for nine months, and moved to Washington on December 2. It was ordered to Newport News. thence to Yorktown. and garrisoned the fort at the latter place until July, 1863. At that time it was sent to Hagerstown, Maryland, and assigned to the 11th corps, with which it joined in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Williamsport. It then moved to Warrenton Junction and from there to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on August 1.

One Hundred and Seventy-third Infantry.—Colonel, Daniel Nagle; Lieut.-Colonel. Zaccur P. Boyer; Major, Grant Weidman. Five companies of the 173d came from Schuylkill county, three from Lebanon, one from Perry and one from Dauphin. It was a militia regiment, mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, in October and November, 1862, for nine months, and left Camp Curtin for Washington on November 30. It was then ordered to Norfolk. assigned to duty at Camp Veile near the city, where the winter was spent, and in May the regiment was ordered to provost duty in the city of Norfolk. On July 9, 1863. it started to join the main force in pursuit of Lee’s army after Gettysburg. At Frederick. Maryland, it reported to General Meade and was attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division. 11th corps. After wearisome marching it was posted on duty along the Orange & Alexandria railroad, until August 13, when it was ordered to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on the 18th.

One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Infantry.—Colonel. John Nyce; Lieut.-Colonel, Edward T. Hess; Majors, Joseph B. Roberts, J. Mathias Beans. This regiment of militia was composed of eight companies from Bucks county and two from Northampton. It was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia, in October and November, 1862, for nine months, and left for Washington late in November. It was then ordered to Suffolk; assigned to the brigade under General Ferry; was a part of the force sent to New Berne, N. C., late in December; was thence sent to Charleston; arrived at Hilton Head on February 5, 1863; encamped on Helena island until February 27, and then proceeded to Beaufort, where it remained until June. The remainder of its term of service was spent at Hilton Head and on August 7, 1863, it was mustered out at Philadelphia.

One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel A. Dyer; Lieut.-Colonel, Francis C. Hooton; Majors, Isaac McClure, Joseph D. Smith. Eight companies from Chester county and two from Montgomery went into camp at West Philadelphia and in November, 1862, were organized into the 175th infantry (militia), which entered the U. S. service for a term of nine months. The regiment broke camp on December 1, moved via Washington and Fortress Monroe to Suffolk, where it became a part of the brigade under General Spinola. Later it was sent to New Berne, N. C., where it was attached to the 5th division of the 18th corps, under General Foster. The winter was spent in New Berne, where an attack made by the enemy in March was repulsed and in the spring the regiment assisted in the relief of Little Washington, upon which the enemy's forces were concentrated. Garrison duty near Little Washington followed and during this time the command lost heavily from sickness. Moving north again in June the 175th was sent to Harper's Ferry, thence to Frederick and Sandy Hook. It was mustered out at Philadelphia, August 7. 1863.

One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Ambrose A. Lechler; Lieut.-Colonel, George Pilkington; Major, William Schoonover. This militia regiment, composed of seven companies from Lehigh county and three from Monroe, was mustered in at Philadelphia in November, 1862, for nine months. and left for Suffolk, Virginia, the same month. It joined the force which moved under General Foster, from New Berne to Charleston and was employed in guard, picket and other duties in this vicinity during its entire term of service. At Harrisburg August 18, 1863, it was mustered out.

One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, George B. Wiestling; Lieut.-Colonel, Hugh J. Brady; Major, John Power. The 177th was a militia regiment recruited in the counties of Lycoming, Susquehanna, Dauphin. Luzerne, Perry and Indiana, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service in November, 1862, for nine months, and proceeded to Washington on December 3. Ordered to Suffolk, it was assigned to the brigade under Colonel Gibbs. The regiment spent the winter in camp on the Nansemond, in clearing a pine forest across the river, and joining in frequent expeditions into the surrounding country. In March, 1863, it was sent to Deep creek on the Albemarle & Chesapeake canal to break up contraband trade. On July 10 it was transferred to Washington, thence to the Army of the Potomac in Maryland, and after a period of duty at Maryland heights returned to Pennsylvania. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on August 7, 1863.

One Hundred and Seventy-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, James Johnson; Lieut.-Colonel, John Wimer; Major, J. W. Chamberlain. The 178th, a militia regiment, was recruited in the counties of Columbia, Lancaster, Montour and Luzerne and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, in the autumn of 1862, where it was organized and mustered into the U. S. service for a term of nine months. On December 5, it left camp for Washington, was ordered to Newport News and thence to Yorktown, where it was posted during the winter. In April, 1863, the regiment went to the relief of the troops at Fort Magruder, who were attacked by General Wise, and in June joined in an expedition to Providence ferry and the movement toward Richmond, which skirmished with the enemy at Bottom's bridge on July 2. After returning to Washington its term of service expired and it was mustered out at Harrisburg on July 27, 1863. One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, William H. Blair; Lieut.-Colonel, Daniel M. Yost; Major, William H. Yerkes. This militia regiment was recruited in the autumn of 1862 in the counties of Berks, Lancaster, Montgomery, Pike and Wayne and Philadelphia city and mustered into the U. S. service early in December at Philadelphia for a nine months term. Co. E was ordered to Chestnut Hill hospital at Philadelphia, where it remained during its entire term of service, with the exception of a detail for the custody of prisoners at West Chester after the battle of Gettysburg. The remainder of the regiment was stationed at Yorktown during the winter of 1862-63 and in July, 1863, joined in the movement toward Richmond, engaging twice in skirmishes with the enemy. The regiment proffered its services for the defense of its native state at the expiration of its term of service, but the need having passed with the battle of Gettysburg, the command was mustered out at Harrisburg on July 27, 1863.

Nineteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, Alexander Cummings; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph C. Hess, Frank Reeder; Majors. Amos J. Holahan, Norman M. Finlay, Charles F. Huston. The 19th cavalry, the 180th regiment of the line, was recruited in Philadelphia with the exception of Cos. L and M from the counties of Huntingdon and Blair. It rendezvoused at Camp Stanton, Philadelphia. and was mustered into the U. S. service in June, July, August, September and October, 1863, for three years. Most of the men and officers had seen previous service. It left for Washington early in November and on December 3, reported to General A. J. Smith at Columbus, Kentucky. Three days later it moved to Union City, Tenn., where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, (Col Waring) of General Grierson's cavalry division. Lieut.-Colonel Hess commanded the regiment, Colonel Cummings being on detached service. Early in February, 1864, it moved with its division to Collierville, Tenn., whence it participated in a raid into Mississippi, proceeding as far as West Point, and assisted in destroying the railroad and immense stores of grain and cotton. On the 22nd it took part in a sharp engagement with the enemy at Okalona, Miss.. and then returned without further interruption to Memphis. Its loss during the expedition was 15 killed, wounded and missing. On April 6, it was engaged for several hours with the troops under Forrest at Cypress swamp, Tenn., suffering some loss. Captain Wenrick of Co. E was captured here and died in captivity. The regiment returned to Memphis on April 10 and the next few weeks were employed in scout and picket duty, details of the regiment being frequently sent out to harass the forces under Forrest. At the battle of Brice's cross-roads the 19th acted with the infantry, its losses being 15 in killed, wounded and missing. During July a detachment of 150 men was engaged with the forces under General Slocum at the Big Black river, Port .Gibson and Grand Gulf, Miss. In August it was engaged with General A. J. Smith's forces against Forrest, at Coldwater, Oxford and Hurricane creek, Miss. In September. during General Price's invasion of Missouri, it was active at Marion, Greensboro, Pilot knob, and the Big Blue river, returning to Memphis on October 20. In November it skirmished on the flank of Hood's army. marching towards Nashville, Co. F being desperately engaged at Nonconnah creek. Early in December it proceeded to Nashville and was assigned to Hammond's (1st) brigade, Knipe's (7th) division cavalry corps, under General Wilson. It participated in the battle of Nashville and the pursuit of Hood's army, suffering some losses. During Hood's retreat, it was warmly engaged at Hollow Tree gap, where it delivered an impetuous charge and drove the enemy for 2 miles. At Franklin, the same day, the 19th again 'charged and in the day's fighting captured 3 stands of colors and 350 prisoners. It lost in killed, wounded and missing about 25, among the wounded being Major Holahan, Captains Reeder and N. M. Smith, and Acting-Adjt. Blackstone. Continuing the pursuit, it was again hotly engaged at Anthony's hill and Sugar creek, losing 12 killed and wounded. The command was now much reduced in numbers and was consolidated early in February, 1865, into a battalion of six companies, the supernumerary officers being mustered out. On February 8 the battalion started for New Orleans, arriving there March 9. On the 20th it moved to Baton Rouge and was engaged in picket and scouting duty until the middle of August. Meanwhile the battalion had been further reduced on June 13 to four companies. It served by detachments in Louisiana and Texas until April of the following year, when the four companies were reunited at New Orleans, performed provost duty there for a few weeks, and was finally mustered out on May 14, 1866.

Twentieth Cavalry.—Colonel, John E. Wynkoop; Lieut.-Colonel, William Rotch Wister; Majors, Samuel W. Comly, J. Harry Thorp, Robert W. Douglass. The 20th cavalry, the 181st regiment, from the counties of Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, Dauphin, Cumberland, Union and the city of Philadelphia, was recruited in June and July, 1863. Seven companies were mustered into the U. S. service for six months and five companies were emergency militia, called into being at the time of Lee's invasion of the state. A regimental organization was effected in July. During the invasion, it served by detachments on scout and picket duty at the fords of the Susquehanna and along the roads leading towards Carlisle, York and Marysville. On July 7, it left Camp Couch, Harrisburg, where it had rendezvoused, and moved to Greencastle, whence it proceeded to Falling Waters and engaged in picketing the shores of the Potomac for a number of weeks. The emergency companies returned to Harrisburg, and their place was largely taken by six months' men. In August it moved to Sir John's run in West Virginia, and did railroad guard duty in the direction of Winchester, Cos. F and I being posted at Berkeley Springs, D and E at Bloomery gap, A and H at Great Cacapon Station and C at Hancock. The other five companies were on detached service at Philadelphia, Reading and Pottsville and did not rejoin the command until the final muster out. In November it moved to Springfield, whence two companies made a reconnoissance nearly 100 miles to the south, engaging and defeating a part of Imboden's command, and taking a number of prisoners. On December 24 it was ordered to Harrisburg and was there mustered out on January 7, 1864.

Twentieth Cavalry, (3 years service).—Colonels, John E. Wynkoop, Gabriel Middleton; Lieut.-Colonels. Gabriel Middleton, Robert W. Douglass; Majors, J. Harry Thorp, Robert W. Douglass, W. W. Anderson, Samuel Comfort, M. B. Strickler. Before the 20th cavalry was disbanded as a six months' organization, steps were taken to reorganize it for three years' service. The men were accordingly mustered in at Harrisburg and Philadelphia, January and February, 1864, for the long term. Soon after it was finally organized it reported to General Sigel in the Shenandoah Valley; was engaged with some loss at New Market in May, and the following month at Staunton, New Glasgow, Lynchburg and Salem; was active at Snicker's gap in July, losing 14, and made a daring charge at Winchester. In an attack on the rear of Early's column at Ashby's gap, a few days later, it met with a loss of 108 killed, wounded and missing. When General Sheridan assumed command of the forces in the valley in August, the 20th was assigned to the 2nd brigade of the 1st division, commanded by General Devin. In the brilliant campaign which now ensued the 20th had its full share and on its conclusion went into winter quarters with its brigade. Near the close of February, 1865, it rode with Sheridan in the grand cavalry raid towards Lynchburg and a month later joined the army in front of Petersburg, then starting on its final campaign, in which the cavalry had the advance. The 20th, led by Colonel Middleton, was almost incessantly engaged and constantly in motion, having its full share in the heroic fighting which led up to the final surrender on the 9th. On June 17, 1865, it was consolidated with the 2nd Pa. cavalry to form the 1st Pa. provisional cavalry and was mustered out on July 13, 1865, at Cloud's mills, Virginia.

Twenty-first Cavalry.—Colonel, William H. Boyd; Lieut.-Colonel, Richard F. Moson; Majors, John W. Jones, Charles F. Gillies, Oliver B. Knowles. This regiment, the i82d of the line, was raised in the counties of York, Adams, Lancaster, Franklin, Bedford and Cambria during the summer of 1863, under the president's call of June 15, 1863, for militia for six months' service. The companies rendezvoused at Camp Couch, Harrisburg and were mustered into the U. S. service from June 23 to August 10, 1863, for six months. All the field and most of the line officers and men were experienced in the cavalry service. After being equipped and mounted it was sent to an instruction camp at Chambersburg. On August 23 it was ordered to Harrisburg and from there Cos. C, E, H, L and M, were ordered to Pottsville and Scranton, Co. B to Gettysburg, and the other five to Harper's Ferry, where they did duty in the Department of the Shenandoah during the fall and winter. About February 1, 1864, the regiment was reunited at Chambersburg, where it was reorganized for three years' service, those who did not choose to reenlist for the long term being mustered out on February 20, 1864. As reorganized the officers were as follows; Colonels, William H. Boyd, Oliver B. Knowles; Lieut. Colonel, Richard F. Moson; Majors, Charles F. Gillies, Oliver B. Knowles, Robert Bell, Richard Ryckman. In February, 1864, the ranks were filled by new recruits and the regiment was organized for the long term. In May it was ordered to Washington, except Co. D, which had been detailed for duty at Scranton, Pa. At Washington the command was dismounted and armed and equipped as infantry. It joined the army at Cold Harbor and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, (Colonel Sweitzer) 1st division, 5th corps. In the severe fighting here it lost 1 officer and 7 men killed, 4 officers and 43 men wounded, among the severely wounded being Colonel Boyd. It was again heavily engaged in front of Petersburg on June 18, losing 11 killed, 79 wounded and 1 missing, Lieut.-Colonel Moson and Major Gillies being among the wounded. It was next in action on the Jerusalem plank road and met with some loss. When the mine was exploded on July 30 it was under fire and met with further loss. It shared in the battle of Six mile house, on the Weldon railroad in August, losing 1 killed and 27 wounded. In September it was transferred to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th corps. In the actions at Peebles' farm and Poplar Spring Church it lost 16 killed and wounded and was complimented for gallantry by its division commander, General Griffin. This battle was the last in which it was engaged as infantry. On October 5 it moved to City Point, where it was again mounted and assigned to the 1st brigade, (Colonel C. H. Smith) of General David McM. Gregg's division. It lost heavily at the Boydton plank road late in the month, having 3 killed, 33 wounded and 18 missing, and was again in action at Stony Creek Station on the Weldon railroad in December. About this time Co. F was detailed for duty at the 6th corps headquarters, where it remained until near the end of its service. The regiment shared in the Weldon railroad expedition with some loss, and also participated in the movement to Hatcher's run in February, 1865. Meanwhile, it had been recruited to the maximum strength and on March 1 was transferred to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, commanded by General J. Irvin Gregg, nearly half of the command consisting of dismounted men. These were ordered to City Point and afterwards shared in the final assault on Petersburg. In the final campaign, which was begun by the cavalry on March 29, 1865, the 21st had the advance. It was engaged at Dinwiddie Court House; partially engaged at Five Forks; and in the action at Amelia Springs lost 98 out of 234 engaged in less than an hour's fighting. It was again in action at Sailor's creek and was engaged in the disastrous fighting at Farmville. It was also sharply engaged on the Lynchburg road, when the news of Lee's surrender was received. It then moved with the cavalry corps to the support of General Sherman, but returned to Petersburg on the news of Johnston's surrender. It then served by detachments on provost guard duty in Virginia until the middle of June, when it was concentrated at Lynchburg and mustered out on July 8, 1865. During its ten months of active service, 4 officers were killed or died of wounds, 1 died of disease, 14 were wounded, and 4 captured. Of the enlisted men, 147 were killed or died of wounds and disease, and 253 were wounded.

One Hundred and Eighty-third Infantry.—Colonels, George P. McLean, J. F. McCullough, James C. Lynch, George T. Egbert; Lieut. Colonels, William Powell, James C. Lynch, George T. Egbert, Augustin T. Lynch; Majors, John Reynolds, George T. Egbert, Augustin T. Lynch, Horace P. Egbert. The 183d, known as the Fourth Union League regiment, was recruited from the state at large and mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia during the latter part of 1863 and the first three months of 1864, for three years. Colonel McLean had served as major of the 22nd and as colonel of the 88th. The regiment contained an unusually large number of very young recruits who would not have passed muster in the earlier stages of the war. As soon as it was organized it joined the army upon the Rapidan and was assigned to the 1st brigade, (Colonel Miles) 1st division, (Brigadier-General Barlow) 2nd corps, (Major-General Hancock). It was engaged without heavy loss at the Wilderness, but in the fighting at Spottsylvania Court House it suffered severely, especially in Hancock's fierce assault on the morning of May 12, when its losses were 18 killed, 109 wounded and 34 missing. At this time, Colonel McLean, Lieut. Colonel Powell, Major Reynolds, and Adjt. Theodore F. Mann resigned because of certain differences which sprung up between themselves and their brigade commander. Captain John F. McCullough, a gallant officer of the 140th Pa., was thereupon commissioned colonel on May 28, 1864, as few of the line officers were experienced in the service. In the fighting at the North Anna river and Totopotomy, the 183d lost 11 killed, 23 wounded and 2 missing. Among the killed was the brave Colonel McCullough, who fell on the 31st at Totopotomy creek. In the desperate fighting at Cold Harbor the regiment lost 5 killed, 76 wounded and 14 missing. On June 15 Captain James C. Lynch of the 106th Pa. was commissioned colonel of the regiment. It was active in the first assaults at Petersburg and suffered considerable loss during the next 5 days in the effort to advance its lines. On July 19, 1864, the veterans and recruits of the 72nd Pa. were assigned to the 183d and thereupon it was given its full complement of field officers, Major Egbert being promoted to lieutenant-colonel and Captain Lynch to major. Now ensued a period of reorganization and drill until July 26, when it crossed the James with its corps, and was engaged at Deep Bottom. It again crossed the James in August and was partially engaged at Strawberry Plains and Deep Bottom. Returning to Petersburg it was active at Reams' station, and shortly afterward was detailed for duty at Cedar Road Station, guarding the railroad. Toward the close of September it returned to the trenches before Petersburg on the extreme right of the line. It was not again active until February. 1865, except for a reconnoissance to Hatcher's run in December. It shared in the action at Dabney's mill, February 5, 1865, when the lines were extended to the left and on March 25, it was active on its front before Petersburg, losing 1 killed and 13 wounded. It was now transferred to the 4th brigade; skirmished on the 29th; was under fire on the Boydton plank road the next day; supported the 5th corps on April 1; and was warmly engaged on the 2nd. From this time on it saw little more fighting, though constantly on the march. After the surrender, it returned to Alexandria; participated in the grand review at Washington on May 23; and was mustered out near Washington, July 13, 1865.

One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, John H. Stover; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles Kleckner; Majors, Charles Kleckner, George L. Ritman. This regiment was recruited from the state at large and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg. During May, 1864, seven companies were mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term, the remaining three companies being mustered in during September, 1864, for a one year term, and joined the regiment before Petersburg, early in October, 1864. Colonel Stover did not assume command of the regiment until January 1, 1865. He had previously served as captain in the 10th, and major in the 106th. On May 14, 1864, the seven companies then organized, left the state for the front under the command of Major Kleckner, and joined the army of the Potomac as it was crossing the Pamunkey river. It was at once assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps; took part in the fighting at Cold Harbor, leading its brigade in two deadly assaults. Its loss here was 16 killed and 94 wounded, and it won the warm commendation of its brigade commander, General Pierce. In the first assaults on Petersburg, it again lost severely, having 52 killed and wounded and U5 taken prisoners. During its 25 days of active service at the front, the command lost 350 out of its 500 members, including 12 officers, killed, wounded, or captured. Seven of the prisoners died at Andersonville and several more at Salisbury and Florence, while many of the wounded prisoners died at Petersburg. The fragment of the regiment which was left was engaged at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains in July, losing 27 killed and wounded out of 97 engaged. It was active at Reams' station, where Lieut.-Colonel Kleckner was severely wounded while cheering on his men. It then served in the trenches before Petersburg until the close of October, being joined meanwhile by the three new companies. Late in October it fought at Hatcher's run, losing 15 killed and wounded, and then resumed its place in the trenches, being stationed between Forts Haskell and Stedman, where it was much exposed to the enemy's sharpshooters. In February, 1865, it was actively engaged at Dabney's mill and remained encamped on the field until the opening of the final campaign at the close of March. In the assault on Petersburg, April 2, it escaped with small loss and then moved with its corps in the final pursuit of the enemy, which ended with Lee's surrender at Appomattox. Returning to Washington it participated in the grand review May 23. The one year companies, H, I and K, were mustered out of service on June 2, 1865, at Munson's hill, Virginia, and the original seven companies, A to G, were mustered out near Washington, July 14, 1865.

Twenty-second Cavalry.—Colonel, Jacob Higgins; Lieut.-Colonel, A. J. Greenfield; Majors, George T. Work, Elias S. Troxell, Henry A. Myers. The 22nd cavalry, the 185th regiment of the line, was organized at Chambersburg, Pa., February, 22, 1864, for three years' service. It was formed by a consolidation of five companies organized from the reenlisted men of the 22nd cav. (six months' organization), with the five companies of the Ringgold battalion and the "Washington" and "Lafayette" cavalry (two companies). The Ringgold battalion service: Ringgold company, Captain John Keys, organized at Washington, Pa., October 2, 1861; Keystone company, Captain George T. Work, organized at Washington, September 6, 1862; two independent companies, Captains Harvey H. Young and M. W. Mitchener, organized at Washington, during September and October, 1862; Patton Co., Captain A. J. Barr, organized at Washington, October 14 1862. The Washington cavalry, Captain A. J. Greenfield, was organized at Wheeling, Virginia, August 19, 1861, and the Lafayette cavalry was organized at the same place November 6, 1862, under Captain Alex. V. Smith. These companies had served independently in West Virginia, going to the front as fast as each was organized. Those earliest in the field were active at Blue's gap, Bloomery gap, Strasburg, Columbia furnace, Two Churches, Rude's hill, North River mills and Dashu's mills. After the battle of Gettysburg, they joined in the pursuit of Lee and were engaged at Petersburg, Lexington and Moorefield, in the early part of 1864. The six months' battalion was enlisted in June, 1863, under the president's proclamation of June 15, calling for militia for six months' service. Under Major Morrow it guarded the fords of the Susquehanna near Harrisburg and picketed the roads leading into the Cumberland Valley. After the battle of Gettysburg it joined in the pursuit of Lee's army and was employed with the cavalry in holding the Shenandoah Valley until its reorganization in February. 1864. Early in March it proceeded to Cumberland, where it was united with the Ringgold battalion. In April 700 of the men who were not yet mounted proceeded to Pleasant Valley, Maryland, where they received horses and equipments and engaged in drill and discipline. About the middle of June the regiment was ordered to Martinsburg, temporarily armed with muskets, and assigned to Mulligan's infantry brigade. It was engaged with Early's forces at Martinsburg, and Maryland heights early in July and on the 17th had a sharp engagement at Snicker's gap. Soon after it was finally mounted and equipped as cavalry and joined General Torbert's force, engaged in Sheridan's campaign in the valley. It was active at Kernstown, where it displayed great steadiness and gallantry; fought at Opequan and Berryville; met with considerable loss at Charlestown; and at Halltown Major Myers was severely wounded. A detachment of the regiment had been left behind at Cumberland in April and under the command of Major Work had been in active service all summer, sharing in the campaign against Lynchburg, the battles of New Market and Kernstown, and aiding in the decisive defeat of McCausland's forces at Moorefield, subsequent to the burn was made up of the following ing of Chambersburg. After the union of the two detachments at Hagerstown, the regiment joined General Averell's forces and was actively engaged at Martinsburg, Bunker Hill, Stephenson's depot, Darkesville and Bucklestown. On September 18 it charged the enemy at Martinsburg and on the evening of the following day joined in the brilliant cavalry charge which routed the enemy at the Opequan, where the regiment captured a battery and 80 men. It was again active at the battles of Fisher's hill, Brown's gap and Weyer's cave, where the command made a determined charge which saved the entire division train. It lost severely in this action, Major Work and Adjt. Isenberg being among the severely wounded. It was fiercely engaged at Cedar creek, where it lost heavily, and then returned to Martinsburg, where it encamped until December 20. On that date, it moved to New creek and during the winter was engaged in picket and scouting duty in the counties of Hardy, Hampshire and Pendleton, operating against roving bands of the enemy. Cos. E and F were mustered out on July 19, 1865. The remaining companies were consolidated with the 18th Pa. cavalry, on June 24, to form the 3d provisional cavalry, which was mustered out on October 31, 1865, at Cumberland, Maryland One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Henry A. Frink. This regiment was recruited in the city of Philadelphia and was mustered into the U. S. service from January 29 to May 31, 1864, for three years. Colonel Frink had previously served as major and lieutenant-colonel of the 11th infantry. The 186th was assigned to provost duty in the city of Philadelphia and did not go to the front. It was mustered out there on August 15, 1865.

One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, John S. Schultze, John E. Parsons; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph E. Ramsey, John E. Parsons. Joseph A. Ege; Majors, George W. Merrick, David Z. Seipe. The nucleus of the 187th was the 1st battalion of six months' infantry, which was mustered in at Harrisburg from June 21 to July 8, 1863. The battalion performed guard and provost duty at different points in the state until the expiration of its term, when it was reorganized at Camp Curtin and recruited to a full regiment. It was mustered into the U. S. service from February to May, 1864, for a three years' term. On May 19 it left for Washington and a week later started for the front, joining the Army of the Potomac on June 6. It was assigned to the 1st brigade, (General Chamberlain) 1st division, (General Griffin) 5th corps. (General Warren). It supported the 9th corps during the fighting of June 17 in front of Petersburg and was itself heavily engaged with its corps on the left the next day, when it lost one-tenth of its numbers and was complimented by General Chamberlain for its gallantry. Major Merrick, commanding the regiment, lost a leg here. It was engaged in the trenches and on the fortifications before Petersburg until August 18, when it moved with its corps upon the Weldon railroad and after severe fighting at Six-mile house it was engaged in the work of fortification until September 22. It was then ordered to Philadelphia and employed in garrison and escort duty at Camp Cadwalader. During the funeral obsequies of President Lincoln it led the procession from the railway station to Independence Hall and guarded the remains while they lay in state. Together with the 1st City Troop it was then detailed to escort the remains back to the railroad. During the remainder of its service it performed guard and provost duty at various points in the state by detachments. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on August 3, 1865.

One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, George K. Bowen, John G. Gregg, Samuel I. Givin; Lieut.-Colonels, George K. Bowen, Francis H. Reichard, John G. Gregg, Samuel I. Givin, James Geiser; Majors, Francis H. Reichard, John G. Gregg, James Geiser, Frederick A. Reen. This regiment was organized at Camp Hamilton, near Fortress Monroe, during the first two weeks of April, 1864, from the surplus recruits of the 3d artillery. Within a short time about 900 men were mustered into the U. S. service for a three years' term. Both Colonel Bowen and Lieut.-Col Reichard and most of the line officers were promoted from the 3d artillery. More than 300 of the men had served in the reserve corps before entering the 3d artillery and many others had served in other organizations. On April 25 the regiment moved to Yorktown and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 18th corps. On May 4, it moved by transport to Bermuda Hundred and suffered a loss of 2 killed at Proctor's creek a few days later. It lost 11 killed and 60 wounded at Drewry's bluff, or Fort Darling, and on June 1 joined the army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor, where it went into action immediately after getting into position on the right of the 6th corps. In the desperate fighting there the regiment lost 24 killed, and a large number wounded and missing. Captain Moeller was among the killed, and Captain Breel was mortally wounded. It shared in the first fighting before Petersburg, and remained for nearly two months on the right of the line, fronting Fort Clifton. During this time, by reason of its exposed position, it suffered a loss of 80 killed and wounded, while many more died of disease. On July 5, it was joined by Co. F, which had been on detached service at Drewry's bluff, and late in August it was moved to a position on the Bermuda Front, remaining there until the close of September. In the fierce assaults on Forts Harrison and Gilmer the regiment lost about 60 killed, and 100 wounded. Among the former was the gallant Captain Dickson, who had led the regiment through the fiery ordeal. About this time, the regiment was assigned to 3d brigade, 3d division, 24th corps, and received about 400 new recruits. The command remained in winter quarters near Fort Harrison until the following April, the monotony of camp life being only once disturbed, when it participated in an expedition to Fredericksburg in March, 1865, and effected the destruction of vast amounts of stores and property collected for the use of the enemy. On April 3 it moved without opposition to Richmond and assisted in subduing the fires which were raging in the Confederate capital. Soon afterward it encamped at Manchester, across the river from Richmond. On June 28 the recruits of the 199th Pa. infantry were transferred to this regiment. It served by detachments on guard and provost duty at various points in Virginia until December 14, 1865, when it was assembled at City Point, Virginia, and was there mustered out.

Fourth Artillery.—In the latter part of April, 1864, this regiment was organized from surplus men of the 112th (2nd Pa. artillery), and after participating in the Wilderness campaign and in the operations before Petersburg until August 26, 1864, it was disbanded and returned to the regiment from which it was taken. (See 112th regiment.) One Hundred and Ninetieth Infantry.—Colonel, William R. Hartshorne; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph B. Pattee; Major, John A. Wolfe. The 190th, the 1st veteran reserves, was organized in the field during the Wilderness campaign from the veterans and recruits of the 1st, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th Pa. reserves. Colonel Hartshorne had been major of the 13th, Lieut.-Colonel Pattee a captain in the 10th, and Major Wolfe a captain in the 13th. The 190th, together with the 191st organized in the same manner, formed the 3d brigade, 3d division, 5th corps. In the fighting at Cold Harbor it suffered a loss of 12 killed, wounded and missing. It was next actively engaged in the early assaults on Petersburg, losing a large number in killed and wounded. In July it assisted in the construction of Fort Warren, and in August was engaged with the 18th corps on the Weldon railroad at Six-mile house. While holding an advanced position here and entirely without supports it was suddenly surrounded by the enemy and forced to surrender. The captives were immured in prisons at Richmond, Salisbury and Danville, until about the time of Lee's surrender. Only a small detachment which had been ordered to the rear for provisions and ammunition escaped capture. This small fragment of the command, augmented by men returning from furlough and from detached service, was transferred to the 2nd division and shared in the remaining operations of 1864. In the final campaign of 1865 it was engaged at Gravelly run, Five Forks, and throughout the pursuit of Lee's army. It was on the point of charging a battery on the 9th when the news of Lee's surrender was received. It was mustered out at Arlington Heights, Virginia, June 28, 1865.

One Hundred and Ninety-first Infantry.—Colonel, James Carle; Lieut.-Colonels, George W. McCracken, Milton Weidler; Major, Milton Weidler. The 191st, the 2nd veteran reserves, was organized in the field in May, 1864, from the veterans and recruits of the Pa. reserve corps. It was composed of men from the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th and 10th reserve regiments. Colonel Carle had been a captain in the 6th, Lieut. Colonel McCracken a captain in the 10th, and Major Weidler a lieutenant in the 1st. Lieut.-Colonel McCracken was never mustered on account of wounds received soon after the command was organized. Together with the 190th it formed the 3d brigade, 3d division, 5th corps, and in the fighting at Cold Harbor lost 2 killed, 4 wounded and 1 missing. Its subsequent history is identical with that of the 190th regiment (q. v.). On March 21, 1865, the remaining members of the 157th Pa. infantry were transferred to this regiment. It was finally mustered out of service near Washington, June 28, 1865.

One Hundred and Ninety-second Infantry.—Colonel, William B. Thomas; Lieut.-Colonel, Benjamin L. Taylor; Majors, C. W. McClintock, Henry J. Snyder. This regiment was recruited from the 20th Pa. militia, which had been called into the service of the state, under command of Colonel Thomas in 1862 and again in 1863. It rendezvoused at Camp Cadwalader, Philadelphia, where fourteen companies were organized and mustered into the U. S. service on July 7, 1864, for a term of 100 days. On the 23d it left the state for Baltimore and on August 1 was ordered to garrison Fort McHenry, where it was drilled in heavy artillery duty. About the middle of the month it moved to Johnson's island, Lake Eric, but remained there only a few days, when it was ordered to Gallipolis on the Ohio river. Here it was employed in guarding and forwarding supplies accumulated for the Union armies. On September 30 Cos. M, A, B, F, D, L and G, under Major McClintock, were ordered to Weston, West Virginia, where they served under General Kelley until the close of their term of enlistment. On the expiration of their term of service the two battalions proceeded to Philadelphia, where the command was mustered out on November 11, 1864. The regiment was reorganized for one year's service with the following officers: Colonel, William W. Stewart; Lieut-Colonel, Thomas McLeester; Major, William F. Johnston. October 18, 1864, a sufficient number of men from the 100 days' organization to form one company reenlisted for one year's service. In the spring of 1865 nine new companies were organized at Harrisburg and proceeded to Harper's Ferry, where a regimental organization was effected, which continued to be known as the 192nd of the line. On the opening of the spring campaign the regiment moved up the valley to Staunton and Lexington, but saw little fighting, as the war was practically ended. It remained in service in the Middle Military Division until August 24, when it was mustered out.

One Hundred and Ninety-third Infantry.—Colonel, John B. Clark; Lieut.-Colonel, James W. Ballentine; Major, Horatio K. Tyler. Co. E of this regiment was recruited in Lawrence county, a part of Co. I in Warren county and the remainder in Allegheny. It rendezvoused 1 at Camp Howe, Pittsburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service July 19, 1864, for a 100 days' term. A few days later it left for Baltimore and was there assigned to Nagle's brigade. It was engaged during its term of enlistment in guarding the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore railroad, and on provost guard duty in and about Wilmington, Del. It was mustered out at Pittsburg, November 9, 1864. Before leaving for home, Captain McMunn of Co. A was instrumental in securing the reenlistment of a considerable number of the men to serve during the remainder of the war. These men were distributed according to their preferences among the regiments at the front. One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, James Nagle; Lieut.-Colonel, Richard McMichael; Major, Oscar D. Jenkins. The 194th was recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service July 15 to 24, 1864, for a 100 days' term. On the 24th it left for Baltimore, where Co. K was detached for provost duty on the eastern shore of Maryland and the remainder of the regiment assigned to provost duty in and about Baltimore. It also furnished details to guard prisoners and escort recruits to the front. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on November 6, 1864.

One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph W. Fisher; Lieut.-Colonel, William L. Bear; Major, Oliver C. James. The majority of the recruits for this regiment were obtained in Lancaster county and were without previous military training. They were mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, July 16 to 24, 1864, for a term of 100 days. As soon as organized the regiment proceeded to Baltimore and thence to Monocacy_ Junction, where it was stationed for two months guarding the bridge and railway lines. During the last month of its service it was stationed along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, with headquarters at North Mountain Station. Three hundred of the members reenlisted for a one year's term, and were consolidated into three companies. The others were mustered out at Harrisburg, November 4, 1864. Seven new companies were recruited in February. 1865, by Colonel Fisher and on March 16 the regiment was reorganized at Martinsburg, West Virginia, for a term of one year. Three more companies were temporarily attached to it. Only one change was made in the field officers; Henry D. Markley became major in place of Major James. It served at Charlestown, Kabletown and Stevenson's station, Virginia, until April 22, when it moved to Berryville, Virginia, and was employed in preserving order among the people of the region. On June 6 it moved up the valley as far as Harrisonburg. While on the way the noncommissioned staff and Cos. A, B and C, composing the veteran battalion, were mustered out at Summit Point, Virginia, June 21, 1865. The remaining companies proceeded to Washington on August 1, and were employed in guard duty until the date of their final muster out, January 31, 1866.

One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Harmanus Neff; Lieut.-Colonel, Arthur Maginnis; Major. John A. Gorgas. This organization, known as the 5th Union League regiment, was mustered into the U. S. service, at Camp Cadwalader, Philadelphia, July 13 to 20. 1864, for a term of 100 days. On July 27 it proceeded to Camp Bradford, near Baltimore, and about the middle of August it was ordered to Chicago, Ill., where it was employed in guarding the prisoners of war at Camp Douglas. Co. H was detached on August 26, and performed provost duty at Springfield until the close of term of service. The regiment was mustered out at Philadelphia on November 17, 1864. One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, John R. Haslett; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles D. Ken worthy; Major, John Woodcock. The 197th, known as the 3d Coal Exchange regiment, was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Cadwalader. Philadelphia, July 14 to 22, 1864, for a 100 days' term. All the field officers were men of previous military experience. as were many of the other officers and men. Shortly after its organization it proceeded to Camp Bradford, Baltimore, and two weeks later was ordered to Rock Island, Ill., where it was employed until the end of its term in guarding prisoners. It was mustered out at Philadelphia on November 11, 1864.

One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Horatio G. Sickel; Lieut.-Colonel, John B. Murray; Majors. Edwin A. Glenn, C. I. Maceuen, P. Stackhouse, John Stanton. The 198th, known as the 6th Union League regiment, was recruited in the city of Philadelphia during the summer of 1864 and was mustered into the U. S. service in the early part of September for a one year's term. In October an additional battalion of four companies was added to the regiment. It received its colors from the Union League association and left the state on September 19 to join the army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg. On its arrival it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th corps. It first came under fire at the battle of Peebles' farm, losing 1 killed and 5 wounded. It was next engaged at Hatcher's run, and then went into winter quarters on the Squirrel Level road. In December, 1864, it participated in the Weldon railroad expedition and in February. 1865, it was engaged at Dabney's mill, where it behaved with great gallantry in the fierce fighting for the control of the works. On the opening of the final campaign it was hotly engaged at the Quaker road and at Gravelly run, where it made a gallant bayonet charge, driving the enemy. Its losses were very severe—311 killed, wounded and missing. General Sickel, commanding the brigade, Captains Wrigley, Gardner and Spackman, and Lieuts. Keller and Miller were among the wounded, and Major Maceuen and Captain Mulfrey were among the killed. It was again engaged on March 31 at White Oak swamp, with a loss of 6 killed and 46 wounded. Led by the gallant Major Glenn it made another brilliant charge at the battle of Five Forks, in which the brave Glenn was mortally wounded. Its loss was 1 killed, and 15 wounded. Now ensued a period of incessant and tiresome marches until the final surrender of Lee. It was mustered out of service at Arlington Heights, Virginia, June 3, 1865.

One Hundred and Ninety-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, James C. Briscoe; Lieut.-Colonels, Ambrose A. Lechler, Robert P. Hughes; Major, William A. F. Gehr. This regiment was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia, during August, September and October, 1864, for a term of one year. It joined the army of the James in October at Deep Bottom Landing and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 24th corps. Its position was on the extreme right of the line, on the New Market road, and here it erected substantial breast works. Shortly after it went into winter quarters with the army and during the winter it was thoroughly drilled and disciplined, besides engaging in fatigue and picket duty. Excellent sanitary arrangements prevailed and spring found the men in good health. It shared in the final assault on the works of Petersburg, April 2, 1865, as a part of Foster's division, which captured Forts Gregg and Alexander. Its loss was 18 killed and 91 wounded, among the latter being Colonel Briscoe, who was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry and placed in command of the brigade. After the fall of Petersburg it followed in pursuit of the retreating enemy to Burkesville and thence to Appomattox, losing 2 killed and 1 wounded in the skirmish at Rice's station, and 2 killed and 8 wounded, near Appomattox Court House on the 9th. After the final surrender of Lee it moved to Richmond, where it was mustered out on June 28, 1865. The recruits were transferred to the 188th Pa. infantry, Colonel Briscoe being assigned to its command, and it performed provost duty by detachments in Virginia until finally mustered out on December 14, 1865.

Two Hundredth Infantry.—Colonel, Charles W. Diven; Lieut.-Colonel, W. H. H. McCall; Major, Jacob Rehrer. The 200th, from the counties of York, Cumberland and Dauphin, was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, September 3, 1864, for one year. All the field officers had served in the reserve corps and were experienced in military tactics. It left for the front on September 9, joined the army of the James, was posted at Dutch gap on its arrival, and assisted in repelling the attack of the enemy at Chester Station, on November 19. On the 28th it was transferred to the army of the Potomac, assigned to the 1st brigade, (Colonel Diven) 3d division, (General Hartranft) 9th corps, (General Parke) and stationed at a camp near the Dunn house battery on the road to Fort Stedman. During the ensuing winter it was well drilled and performed fatigue duty upon the fortifications in the rear of the army. The command was hotly engaged at Fort Stedman on March 25, 1865. losing 14 killed and 109 wounded, among the latter being Colonel Diven. Said General Hartranft, in his official report: "The 200th Pa. volunteers, Lieut. Colonel McCall commanding, deserves particular mention. This regiment was put to the severest test and behaved with the greatest firmness and steadiness. The regiment made two stubborn attacks on the enemy and when compelled to retire it fell back in good order." It participated with its division in the final assault on Petersburg, where it again behaved with great gallantry and coolness, losing 2 killed, 34 wounded and 3 missing. It then shared in the pursuit of the enemy until his surrender on the 9th. After Johnston's surrender it proceeded to City Point and thence by transport to Alexandria, where the recruits were transferred to the 51st Pa. on May 30, 1865, and on the same date the regiment was mustered out.

Two Hundred and First Infantry.—Colonel, F. Asbury Awl; Lieut. Colonel, J. Wesley Awl; Major, John T. Morgan. The 201st regiment, principally from Dauphin county, was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, August 18 to 29, 1864, for one year. It was the first ready for duty of the ten regiments furnished by the state under the president's call of July 18, 1864, for 500,000 men, having been recruited to the maximum strength in less than 30 days. All the field officers had served in the 127th regiment and many of the line officers and men had been in the service before. Immediately after its organization it proceeded to Chambersburg. where it was schooled and drilled for a short period. On September 17 Co. H was detailed for special duty at the general hospital in York; F and G were ordered to Bloody run, where they reported to General Ferry, commanding the Juniata District; a little later Co. F was sent to McConnellsburg, where it was employed during the fall and winter in arresting and forwarding deserters; Co. E was detailed on September 18, for provost duty at Scranton; the main body of the regiment performed guard duty on the Manassas gap railroad near Gainesville and Thoroughfare gap until November 13, and was then placed in Camp Slough, Alexandria, on guard duty. On May 26, 1865, it was ordered to Fort Delaware, where it remained until the close of its term. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on June 21, 1865.

Two Hundred and Second Infantry.—Colonel, Charles Albright; Lieut.-Colonel, John A. Maus; Major, Walter H. Seip. This regiment, from the counties of Carbon, Juniata, Adams, Northumberland, Lehigh, Northampton, Cumberland, Union and Huntingdon, was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, during the last week of August and the first week of September, 1864, for a term of one year. Colonel Albright had served as colonel of the 132nd infantry and a few of the other officers and men had been in the service. The regiment did not join the army at the front, but was employed during most of its term in the laborious but non-heroic duty of guarding railroads. Its first post of duty was on the Manassas Gap railroad from Thoroughfare gap to Rectortown. On the conclusion of Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley it retired to Alexandria and guarded the Orange & Alexandria railroad from Bull Run to Alexandria, with headquarters at Fairfax Station. Near the end of May, 1865. it was ordered to Philadelphia, whence it was sent into the anthracite coal regions of the state, with headquarters at Tamaqua, and served by detachments at various points. Colonel Albright, who had been brevetted brigadier-general, being placed in command of the district. At the end of July, the regiment assembled in Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on August 3, 1865.

Two Hundred and Third Infantry.—Colonels, John W. Moore, Oliver P. Harding, Amos W. Bachman; Lieut.-Colonels, Jonas W. Lyman, A. W. Bachman, Benjamin Brooke; Majors, Oliver P. Harding, Michael J. Cooke. This regiment, from the counties of Lycoming, Lancaster, Chester and Delaware and the city of Philadelphia, rendezvoused at Camp Cadwalader, Philadelphia, and was mustered into the U. S. service during the latter half of August and the first half of September, 1864, for one year. It was recruited at the suggestion of General Birney to serve as sharpshooters, but served as an ordinary infantry regiment. The entire field and staff were veteran officers. It left the state for the front on September 22, arrived before Petersburg on the 27th, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. During the engagement at New Market heights, late in September, it performed provost duty at Deep Bottom, escorted prisoners to the rear and picketed Malvern hill. Then moving up to the front it shared in the engagement on the Darbytown road in November, and was again engaged with some loss later in the month. On the reorganization of the army of the James it was assigned to the 2nd brigade. (Colonel Pennypacker) 2nd division, (General Ames) 24th corps, and early in December proceeded to Fortress Monroe as part of the force destined for the attack on Fort Fisher, N. C. It was not engaged in the first attack, but shared in the glory of the final capture of the fort in January, 1865, Ames' division being selected to lead the desperate assault and the 203d did its full share in the seven hours of bloody fighting, losing 46 killed and 145 wounded. Among the former were Colonel Moore, Lieut.-Colonel Lyman, Captain Smallwood and Lieut. Hart. In his official report General Ames said of Colonel Moore: "He behaved with the most distinguished gallantry. He was killed within the fort, in advance of his regiment. Few equalled, none surpassed this brave officer." The regimental flag had more than 80 rents in it made by bullets and grape shot. After the capture of Fort Fisher the regiment was not again in action until the •engagement at Sugar Loaf Battery, Federal Point, N. C., February 11, 1865. It moved with the 24th corps in its advance on Wilmington, being actively engaged when the town was evacuated by the enemy. Early in March it moved to Goldsboro, where a junction was effected with General Sherman's army while the battle of Bentonville was in progress. It now guarded the railway for a time at Faison's station; was advanced with the army towards Raleigh in April, and after Johnston's surrender was assigned to duty at Raleigh, where it was finally mustered out on June 22, 1865.

Fifth Artillery.—Colonel, George S. Gallupe; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph Browne; Majors, Michael Baer, Howard Morton, George M. Irwin, "William H. Hope. This regiment, the 204th of the line, came from the counties of Allegheny, Lawrence, Beaver, Cambria, Westmoreland, Armstrong and Greene, rendezvoused at Camp Reynolds, Pittsburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service during the latter part of August and the first 10 days of September, 1864, for a term of one year. Colonel Gallupe was formerly major in the 8th reserve regiment and Lieut.-Colonel Browne was major of the 102nd Pa. infantry. Shortly after its organization it left the state for Washington, where it did duty in the forts north of the capitol until September 28, when it was posted along the line of the Manassas Gap railroad, then being opened up as a line of supply for Sheridan's army in the Shenandoah Valley. It was frequently engaged with Mosby's command while employed in this work, a number of the men being wounded and 22 cut off and captured at Salem on October 8. A few weeks later, while at Piedmont, a detachment of the command with a squadron of the 13th N. Y. cavalry moved into the mountains and captured 4 guns and caissons of Mosby's artillery and a number of prisoners. About the end of October it returned to the forts of Washington for a few days and then returned to Virginia, being posted for the winter by detachments. at Prospect hill, Vienna and Fairfax Court House. It was employed during this time in picket and guard duty and in building large stockades and block-houses. In the spring of 1865 detachments were sent to the Bull Run battlefield and decently buried some 2,000 dead, whose bodies had remained improperly cared for since the second battle there. In June it was ordered to Pittsburg, where it was received with public demonstrations, and finally mustered out on June 30, 1865.

Two Hundred and Fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph A. Mathews; Lieut.-Colonel, William F. Walter; Major, B. Mortimer Morrow. The 205th, from the counties of Blair, Berks, Mifflin, Huntingdon, Dauphin and Franklin, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service from August 16 to September 4, 1864, for one year. All the field officers were veterans in the service and many of the line officers and men had previous military experience. On September 5 it left for Washington and shortly after its arrival there proceeded by transport to City Point, Virginia, in charge of 1,300 recruits and drafted men. Here it was engaged in fatigue duty for a time, but early in November it joined the army of the Potomac and was assigned to a provisional brigade of six new Pennsylvania regiments, commanded by Colonel Hartranft, attached to the 9th corps. In December this brigade was organized as a division and the 205th became a part of the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, Colonel Mathews commanding the division. With the exception of occasional supporting movements it remained in camp near Fort Prescott during the winter 1864-65. On March 25, 1865, it supported the charging column in the recapture of Fort Stedman, losing 10 wounded. The regiment, under the command of Major Morrow, performed gallant service in the final assault on Petersburg, capturing Battery No. 30, a number of prisoners, and a battle-flag, which fell into the hands of private John Lilly, of Co. F. Its losses were 2 officers and 22 enlisted men killed, 6 officers and 91 enlisted men wounded, and 5 men missing, a total of 126. Major Morrow was among the severely wounded, losing a leg. It followed in pursuit of the enemy as far as Burkesville, repairing the South Side railroad as it went. After Lee's surrender it returned to Alexandria, Virginia, where it was mustered out on June 2, 1865.

Two Hundred and Sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Hugh J. Brady; Lieut. Colonel, John T. Fulton; Major, Joseph B. Ferguson. The 206th, from the counties of Indiana, Westmoreland and Jefferson, rendezvoused at Camp Reynolds, Pittsburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service from August 26 to September 9, 1864, for a term of one year. Most of the officers and men had previously served in other organizations. On September 9 it left for Washington and while enroute was directed to proceed to City Point, Virginia. Upon its arrival it was temporarily assigned to a provisional brigade in the army of the James and attached to the 18th corps on the Bermuda front. It was employed for 3 weeks in October in building a fort, a mile north of Dutch gap, which was named Fort Brady in honor of the efficient services rendered by the command. On October 26, it reported to General Terry. was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 10th corps, and went into winter quarters on the line north of Fort Harrison. On December 3 the white infantry of the 10th and 18th corps was consolidated to form the 24th corps. When the general movement of the army commenced in March, 1865, the regiment was ordered to remain in camp, much to its distaste, the convalescents of the 1st division being ordered to report to Colonel Brady. On April 22 it was assigned to provost duty in Richmond and also performed the same service a few weeks later at Lynchburg. It was mustered out on June 26, 1865, the men being finally paid and discharged at Pittsburg on July 2.

Two Hundred and Seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Robert C. Cox; Lieut.-Colonel, W. W. S. Snoddy; Major, Victor A. Elliott. This regiment, from the counties of Tioga, Clinton. Cumberland, Franklin, Lycoming, Bradford, York and Lancaster, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was mustered into the U. S. service during the latter part of August and the early part of September, 1864, for a one year's term. On September 12 it left for the front and on the 16th reached City Point, Virginia, where it was assigned to picket duty with the army of the James on the Bermuda front. The enemy suddenly charged the picket line on the night of November 17, and the regiment lost 2 killed and a number wounded in the sharp engagement which ensued. It was afterwards assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, Army of the Potomac, and was stationed on the Army Line railroad, near Fort Prescott. It shared in the movement to Hatcher's run in February, 1865, but was not engaged. It was active at Fort Stedman on March 25, losing 1 killed and 16 wounded. On the morning of April 2 it was formed in line of battle immediately in front of Fort Sedgwick and joined in the final assault which carried the works of Petersburg, the 207th planting its colors on the fort which commanded the Jerusalem plank road, its losses being 37 killed, 140 wounded and 8 missing, a total of 185. Colonel Mathews, commanding the brigade, stated in his official report: "To Colonel R. C. Cox, who commanded the leading regiment, I owe the entire good success that attended the charge. Foremost among those who scaled the enemy's works, cheering his men by his courage, preparing them to meet the many charges of the enemy to retake the lines, and thus beating them back each time, with heavy losses in killed and wounded, he is deserving of the highest praise." With its division it was charged with keeping open the line of supply for the army along the South Side railroad. It advanced as far as Burkesville, where it halted, and the command was engaged in picket duty and guarding and paroling prisoners. After the surrender of Lee it returned to Alexandria, where it was mustered out on May 13. 1865, the recruits being transferred to the 51st Pa.

Two Hundred and Eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Alfred B. McCalmont; Lieut.-Colonel, M. T. Heintzelmen; Major, Alexander Bobb. This regiment was mostly recruited from the counties of Perry, Snyder, Blair, Lebanon. Dauphin and Bedford. The several companies rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, where they were mustered into the U. S. service from August 26 to September 12, 1864, for one year. Both Colonel McCalmont and Lieut.-Colonel Heintzelmen were veteran officers. On September 13 it left for the front and was there assigned to the provisional brigade commanded by Colonel Potter on the Bermuda Hundred front. Picket and fatigue duty and drill occupied it until November 27, when it reported to the Army of the Potomac and was assigned to the 1st brigade of General Hartranft's division. 9th corps. It went into winter quarters near the Avery house, General Hartranft's headquarters. It was in support during the movement upon Hatcher's run in February, 1865, where it was in line of battle and fortified its position, but was not attacked. It was warmly engaged at Fort Stedman, March 25, 1865, where it behaved with great gallantry, losing 4 killed and 38 wounded. Among the mortally wounded was Captain Prosper Dalien, a brilliant officer and a native of France, who had served through the Italian wars of 1859. It formed part of the assaulting column on April 2, when the works of Petersburg were finally carried, losing 9 killed and 39 wounded. It then moved in pursuit along the line of the South Side railroad as far as Nottaway Court House, which it reached on the day of Lee's surrender. On the 20th it returned to City Point and thence to Alexandria, where it was mustered out on June 1, 1865. The same day the recruits were transferred to the 51st Pa. Two Hundred and Ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Tobias B. Kaufman; Lieut.-Colonel, George W. Frederick; Major, John L. Ritchey. This regiment, recruited from the counties of Cumberland, York, Cambria, Franklin, Columbia, Adams, Lehigh and Lebanon, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service during the first half of September, 1864, for a term of one year. Many of the officers and men were veterans in the service. As soon as it was organized it left for Petersburg, Virginia, and on its arrival was placed at Camp Potter for 2 weeks, when it was stationed on the advanced line to the left of Fort Harrison. A detachment under Captain Landis was assigned to garrison redoubt Carpenter on the left bank of the James. The regiment here acquired a good state of discipline through the diligence of its officers. During the engagement at Fort Harrison it was ordered upon the parapet, as though about to charge the enemy's flank, while the real charge upon the front was being prepared. In a sudden assault of the enemy on the picket lines, November 17, Colonel Kaufman, Captain Lee, Lieut. Hendricks, and 19 men were captured, 1 man was killed and 2 wounded. A week later it was transferred to the army of the Potomac and assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, encamping near Meade Station. The regiment was heavily engaged with its division on March 25, and by its valor materially assisted in the recapture of Fort Stedman, where its loss was 5 killed and so wounded. It shared in the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, losing 7 killed and 52 wounded. Among the killed was Captain McCullough and among the wounded were Major Ritchey and Lieutenants Bigler and Shugar. It then moved slowly along the South Side Railroad with its division, having charge of the army trains and repairing the tracks as it went. It rested at Nottoway Court House until the 20th, when it returned to Alexandria. On May 31, 1865, the recruits were transferred to the 51st Pa. and the original members were mustered out.

Two Hundred and Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, William Sergeant, Edward L. Witman; Lieut.-Colonel, Edward L. Witman; Majors, Henry E. Munson, James H. Graves, Sol. B. Bowerman. The 210th, from the counties of Dauphin, Columbia, Schuylkill, Potter, Mifflin, Bradford, Franklin and Center, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service from August 25 to September 24, 1864, for one year. Colonel Sergeant was formerly a captain in the 12th U. S. infantry; Lieut.-Colonel Witman was a captain in the 46th Pa., and a large proportion of both officers and men had been in the service before. As soon as it was organized it left for the front and joined the army of the Potomac before Petersburg, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 5th corps. It was active for the first time at Hatcher's run in October, meeting with slight loss. It shared in the Weldon railroad expedition in December, suffering much from the intense cold and exposure, which caused many to sicken and die. It behaved with great gallantry in the engagement at Dabney's mill, in February, 1865, where its losses were considerable. On the opening of the spring campaign it was heavily engaged from March 29 to April 1, at the Quaker road, Gravelly run, the Boydton road and Five Forks, its loss being 35 killed, 115 wounded and 150 missing. Colonel Sergeant was mortally wounded at Five Forks, as were Adjt. Schlesinger and Captain Hughes. It followed the enemy during his retreat from Petersburg and was at the front when Lee's final surrender took place. It then returned to the vicinity of Washington, participated in the grand review, and was mustered out at Alexandria on May 30, 1865, when the recruits were transferred to the 51st Pa., with which organization they served until their final muster out on July 28, 1865.

Two Hundred and Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, James H. Trimble, Levi A. Dodd; Lieut.-Colonels, Levi A. Dodd, Augustus A. Mechling, Charles McLain, William A. Coulter; Majors, Augustus A. Mechling, Elias B. Lee, H. King Smith. This regiment, from the counties of Crawford, Jefferson, McKean, Mercer, Erie, Warren and Westmoreland, rendezvoused at Camp Reynolds, Pittsburg, and was mustered into the U. S. service during the first half of September, 1864, for one year. Immediately after its organization it left for the front and was assigned to Potter's provisional brigade, Army of the James, on the Bermuda front. As soon as it reached its position in the intrenchments it was ordered to appear upon the parapets in full range of the enemy's guns in order to create a diversion in favor of the storming party about to move on Fort Harrison, and 2 men of Co. F were instantly killed. On November 27, with the other Pa. regiment of its brigade, it joined the Army of the Potomac, where it became a part of the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 9th corps. During the winter the camp of the regiment was located midway between Fort Howard and Fort Alexander Hayes. In the action of March 25, 1865, when Fort Stedman was taken and recaptured, the 211th suffered a loss of 1 killed and 10 wounded. It advanced gallantly under the immediate command of General Hartranft and it was supposed that it would be sacrificed by the fire of the enemy, while advancing a mile away on high ground, but the assault on the immediate front took place and the command suffered but little. In the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, the regiment lost 4 officers and 17 men killed, 4 officers and 89 men wounded, and 21 men missing a total of 135. Lieut.-Colonel McLain, and Lieuts. Sparks, Alexander and Tarr were killed, and Major Lee and Lieut. Pelton were mortally wounded. Captain Gourlay and Lieut. Gilson were among the severely wounded. It will thus be seen that the command had its full share in the desperate fighting. It now moved along the South Side railroad with the division in charge of army trains, as far as Nottoway Court House, where it remained until the 20th. It then proceeded to Alexandria, where it was mustered out on June 2, 1865.

Sixth Artillery.—Colonel, Charles Barnes; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph B. Copeland; Majors, Robert H. Long, Joseph R. Kemp, Frank H. White. More men than the standard required had been recruited for the 5th artillery, the 204th of the line, and it was therefore decided to organize the 6th artillery, which became the 212th regiment. It was mostly composed of men from the counties of Allegheny, Butler, Westmoreland, Fayette, Washington and Lawrence, who rendezvoused at Camp Reynolds, Pittsburg, and were mustered into the U. S. service during the first half of September, 1864, for one year. On September 17 the regiment left for Washington, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade of De Russy's division, then garrisoning the defenses of the capital. On the 29th it was detached, to perform railroad guard duty on the Orange & Alexandria railroad between Alexandria and Manassas, with headquarters at Fairfax Court House. It was engaged in this service until about the middle of November, when it returned to the defenses of Washington. Thus far it had served as infantry. but the men were now drilled as artillery and soon became proficient in this arm of the service. It remained in the forts about Washington until June 13, 1865, when it was mustered out at Fort Ethan Allen, returned to Camp Reynolds, where the men were finally paid and discharged on the 17th.

Two Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonel, John A. Gorgas; Lieut.-Colonel, Jacob M. Davis; Major, Enos R. Artman. The 213th was recruited in the city of Philadelphia and the counties of Berks, Juniata and Chester, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia, March 2, 1865, for a term of one year. It was ordered to Annapolis and guarded Camp Parole until April. A detachment was posted on guard on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad near Frederick City and in April the entire command proceeded to Washington, where it remained employed in guard duty until November 18, 1865, when it was mustered out. Two Hundred and Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, David B. McKibbin; Lieut.-Colonel, William H. Harrison; Major, Charles H. Addicks. This regiment was raised in Philadelphia and the counties of Lancaster and Northampton, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia in March, 1865, for a term of one year. It joined the troops under General Egan in the Shenandoah Valley and remained there until July, when it became a part of the force employed in the defenses of Washington. A detachment spent the winter of 1865-66 on guard duty at Annapolis and on March 21, 1866, the 214th was mustered out at Philadelphia.

Two Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Francis Wister; Lieut.-Colonel, Francis B. Jones; Major, Andrew T. Goodman. The 215th was raised in the city of Philadelphia and the counties of Lancaster, Bucks and Northampton, and mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia, April 21, 1865, for one year. It was ordered to Delaware and employed in guard duty in that state and on the east shore of Maryland. From June to the end of July, it was stationed at Fort Delaware where it was mustered out on July 31, 1865. Anderson Cavalry Troop.—

The Anderson Troop, an independent . company, was recruited at Carlisle, Pa., in October and November, 1861, and was mustered into the U. S. service on November 30, for three years. Its officers were William J. Palmer, captain; William Spencer, first lieutenant; Thomas S. Maple, second lieutenant. It was organized for escort and headquarters duty with General Anderson, commanding the Army of the Ohio, and was retained by Generals Sherman, Buell and Rosecrans. On December 2, 1861, it left the state for Louisville, Kentucky, arriving there on the 7th. Here it was drilled and disciplined for three months and was reported by the inspector-general as "by far the best company I have yet seen in the department." It shared in the operations before Corinth and on July 1, 1862, moved with Buell to Huntsville. On the 24th Captain Palmer and a number of men went to Pennsylvania to recruit a full battalion, which subsequently was increased to a full regiment, known as the Anderson cavalry. The original troop furnished many of the officers of the new regiment, but was never incorporated with it. In the race for Louisville it was engaged in arduous scouting duty, frequently skirmishing with the enemy. It was engaged at Springfield and Perryville, Kentucky, and at Stone's river was employed in orderly and courier duty. It remained on duty at headquarters until March 24, 1863, when General Rosecrans ordered its muster out of service, as it was much reduced in numbers. It was accordingly mustered out on the 26th. On leaving the front it was paid a high compliment by General Rosecrans.

Emergency Troops of 1863.—Early in the summer of 1863, rumors were constantly afloat concerning a threatened invasion of border states by the Confederates and in June two new departments were established by the war department—the Department of the Monongahela and the Department of the Susquehanna—in order that the state might be protected from any such movement of the enemy. Volunteers were called for by Governor Curtin to serve "During the pleasure of the president or the continuance of the war." Slow to believe that their homes were really endangered, the greatly reduced number of men available for military service hesitated to respond. On June 12, the governor published the notice that the troops requested would be mustered into the service of the United States for six months, or during the existing emergency, as they should themselves elect. In a short time eight regiments were mustered in for the "emergency" and became the 20th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st and 33d emergency regiments. Other companies and organizations volunteered their services and need for them was soon found. The Confederates had occupied Chambersburg and Gettysburg and when it was discovered that the main body of their forces had actually crossed the Potomac, another proclamation was issued by Governor Curtin on June 26, calling for 60,000 men at once to be mustered into the state service for a term of 90 days and to be discharged as soon as the danger was over. To this urgent message twenty-eight regiments responded and were organized in the two departments previously mentioned, at Huntingdon, Reading, Philadelphia and Harrisburg. A force under General Knipe approached Chambersburg, but found it in the hands of the enemy and was obliged to retire gradually before the advance of Johnson's division of Swell's corps. The Confederates reached Oyster point, but were withdrawn to Gettysburg on account of the advance of the Army of the Potomac and within a few days was fought the battle of Gettysburg. A portion of the militia joined the Army of the Potomac in Maryland after the battle, but were soon afterward returned to Harrisburg. The emergency regiments were mustered out soon after the battle of Gettysburg, the regiments of militia a little later, various duties within the state requiring their services for a short time. Some were employed at Gettysburg, some at Philadelphia in preserving order, and at other points they rendered valuable service.

First Battalion Six Months Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph F. Ramsey. This battalion was composed of seven companies, which were organized at Harrisburg in July, 1863, and mustered in for six months service. It was mustered out on October 3, 1863 and January 9, 1864, and in March, 1864, it was reorganized and recruited to form the 187th Pa. infantry.

Second Battalion Six Months Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, John C. Lininger. This battalion was organized at Pittsburg in July, 1863, mustered in for six months service, and mustered out January 21, 1864.

Third Battalion Six Months Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, T. Elwood Zell. This battalion consisted of five companies and was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia in June and July, 1863, for six months. It was mustered out at Philadelphia January 29, 1864.

Twentieth Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, William B. Thomas. This regiment was organized at Philadelphia on June 17, 1863, mastered in to serve during the "Existing emergency" and mustered out August 10, 1863. Twenty-sixth Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, William W. Jennings. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 22, 1863, mustered into the U. S. service for a term covering the "Existing emergency" and mustered out at Harrisburg, July 30, 1863.

Twenty-seventh Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, Jacob G. Frick. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 22, 1863, mustered into the U. S. service for a term that should cover the "Existing emergency" and mustered out July 31 and August 1, 1863, at Harrisburg.

Twenty-eighth Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, James Chamberlin. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 24, 1863, entered the U. S. service for a term that would cover the "Existing emergency," and was mustered out at Harrisburg, July 27 and 28,

Twenty-ninth Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph W. Hawley. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 23, 1863, mustered in to serve during the "Existing emergency" and was mustered out at Harrisburg on August 1, 1863.

Thirtieth Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, William N. Monies. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 25, 1863, to serve during the "Existing emergency," and was mustered out at Harrisburg on July 26 and 27, 1863.

Thirty-first Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, John Newkumet. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 30, 1863, to serve during the "Existing emergency" and was mustered out at Harrisburg August 8, 1863.

Thirty-third Emergency Infantry.—Colonel, William W. Taylor. This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on June 26, 1863, to serve during the "Existing emergency" and mustered out at Harrisburg August 4, 1863. Independent Battalion Emergency Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, Robert Litzinger. This battalion, consisting of five companies, was organized in June and July, 1863, mustered in to serve during the "Existing emergency," and mustered out on August 8, 1863, at Harrisburg.

First Battalion One Hundred Days Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, Charles Stewart. This battalion was organized at Philadelphia, Pittsburg and Harrisburg in July, 1864, was mustered in for 100 days' service and mustered out at the same places in November, 1864.

Departmental Corps Infantry.—First Lieut., James Brown. This command, composed of two companies, was organized in the "Department of the Monongahela" from June to October, 1863, to serve "During the pleasure of the president."

Independent Infantry Companies.—A number of independent infantry companies were organized at various periods of the war and mustered in for such length of term as the occasion demanded. The three years' companies of this class were the Pittsburg Fire Zouaves, Captain Thomas Gibson, Jr., organized on June 14, 1861; Captain Alexander Scott's company, organized on June 24, 1861; Captain William Palmer's company, organized in September, 1861; Captain Louis E. Smith's company, organized on November 18, 1861; Captain William F. Cardiff's company, organized in December, 1861, and attached to the Maryland Potomac home brigade.

The nine months' companies were Captain Charles E. Baldwin's company, organized at Garland, August 29, 1862, and mustered out at Harrisburg on June 5, 1863; Captain Wellington Jones' company, mustered in at Harrisburg on October 2, 1862, and mustered out at the same place on July 9, 1863; Captain George W. Hubbell's company, known as the Chestnut Hill hospital company, organized at Philadelphia on November 14, 1862, and mustered out in August 1863; Captain John B. Guthrie's militia company, mustered in at Pittsburg on October 16, 1862, and mustered out at Harrisburg on July 23, 1863; Captain Edward Y. Luther's militia company, organized at Harrisburg on February 14, 1863, and mustered out there on July 23, of the same year.

Captain William F. Rich's company was mustered in at Philadelphia on June 29, 1863, for three months, but was mustered out on July 8, after a service of less than 30 days. Captain William M. Shock's company was organized on June 24, 1863, for six months service and was mustered out at the expiration of that time. The same applies to Captain Samuel T. Griffith's company, which was mustered in on August 8, 1863. Captain William B. Mann's company was mustered in at Philadelphia on June 17, 1863. as emergency troops and was mustered out on July 24, following. Captain John Spear's company was also mustered in on June 17, 1863, for the emergency, and was mustered out on July 21. Captain George Tanner's company, organized at Pittsburg on August 30, 1864, for the 100 days' service, was mustered out in that city on December 10, 1864. Captain William R. Jones' company, organized on October 7, 1864, was intended for the 97th regiment. It was mustered in for one year and was mustered out at Baltimore, Maryland, June 17, 1865.

Independent Cavalry Companies.—At different times during the war independent cavalry companies were formed, some of which were afterward attached to cavalry regiments, notably the Washington, Ringgold, Keystone, Lafayette and Patton cavalry, and the companies of Captains Harvey H. Young and M. W. Mitchener, all of which were incorporated in the 22nd cavalry. The Reading city troop, Captain J. C. A. Hoffeditz, was organized at Reading in July, 1861, and mustered in for three years. After several months duty at Baltimore it was assigned to the 1st cavalry, becoming Co. L of that regiment. The Union company, Captain Robert H. Patterson, was mustered into the U. S. service in April, 1861, for three years, and maintained its independent organization. The Morehead company, Captain Leopold Sahl, was organized on August 19, 1861, and mustered in for three years. The Negley body-guard, Captain Harry L. Van Cleve, was organized at Philadelphia on January 21, 1862, and mustered into the U. S. service for three years, but for some reason was mustered out five days later. Captain Robert Bell's company was mustered in on June 23, 1863, and served for six months. A company commanded by First Lieut. C. L. Mercereau, was mustered in on September 9, 1863, for six months, and was mustered out at Chambersburg on February 23, 1864. Captain Edward B. Sanno's company was mustered in at Harrisburg on July 15, 1864, for the 100 days' service, and was mustered out at the same place on October 29, 1864. The independent "railroad troop," Captain George D. Stroud, was mustered in at Philadelphia on July 19, 1864, for 100 days, and was mustered out there on the last day of October. The "Lancaster troop," Captain Christopher B. Hebble, was mustered in at Lancaster on July 19, 1864, for 100 days, and was mustered out at Harrisburg on October 29. Captain Edward M. Warren's company was mustered in at Harrisburg on August 17, 1864, for 100 days, and was mustered out at the same place on the last day of November. Captain Bruce Lambert's company was organized at Harrisburg and served under the 100 days' call from August 17, to November 25, 1864. Captain J. K. Weaver's company of mounted infantry was composed of veterans of the 1st battalion of 100 days' men, reenlisted at Chambersburg for one year, and was mustered out at that place on August 4, 1865.

At the time of Lee's invasion in the summer of 1863, four companies of emergency cavalry and two emergency light batteries were mustered into the U. S. service. The cavalry companies were commanded by Captains John W. Jones, Frank A. Murray, Alban H. Myers and Henry H. Brown. They_ were mustered in from June 18 to 24, and were mustered out early in August. The two batteries were captained by Henry D. Landis and Spencer Miller. They were both organized at Philadelphia, one on June 20 and the other on the 27th. The former was mustered out at Harrisburg on July 25, and the latter on the 30th.

Philadelphia City Troop.—Captain, Samuel J. Randall. This troop

Page 502

502 The Union Army was of Revolutionary origin and also served in the War of 1812. A special order from the war department permitted it to be mustered into the U. S. service on May 13, 1861. The troop was assigned to General Patterson's army and was active in the strategic movements near Martinsburg and in the remainder of that campaign. It was mustered out at Harrisburg on August 17, 1861. In May, 1862, the troop again offered its services, which were not at that time accepted, but on June 18, 1863, it again took the field and was ordered to Gettysburg, where it was present but not active in the battle. July 31, 1863, ended its term of service for that year, but from July 11 to 17, 1864, the troop was again on duty, when the state was threatened with invasion.

First Battalion Six Months Cavalry.—Lieut.-Colonel, Richard C. Dale. This battalion, consisting of six companies, was organized at Pittsburg in June and July, 1803, and mustered into the U. S. service for a term of six months. It was mustered out on December 29, 1863. Independent Batteries.—Nine light batteries (A to I inclusive) were organized in the state while the war was in progress and served at various places as independent organizations, but all rendered a good account of themselves, winning praise from their commanding generals on many occasions.

Battery A.—Captains, Frank Schaffer, S. Motlowski. Battery A was recruited in Philadelphia and there mustered in early in September, 1861, for three years. Its entire term of service was spent at Fort Delaware, Del. The original members who did not reenlist were mustered out at Philadelphia on September 19, 1864, and the reenlisted men and recruits at the same place on June 30, 1865.

Battery B.—Captains, Charles F. Muehler, Alanson J. Stevens, S. M. McDowell, Jacob Zeigler. Battery B, from Franklin and Erie counties, was mustered in at Pittsburg, November 6, 1861, for three years, and spent the first two months of its service attached to the 77th infantry at Camp Nevin. It was then detached and sent to Munfordville, Kentucky. In April, 1862, it shared in the movement of General Buell's force to join General Grant's army, but arrived too late for the battle of Shiloh. It shared in the movements of the army through northern Mississippi and Alabama and was closely engaged at the battle of Stone's river, where it won the praise of the commanding general. It was in action at Missionary Ridge, in November, 1863, and early in 1864, a large number of the members reenlisted. The battery did good service under General Sherman on the way to Atlanta, attached to the 4th corps. After the fall of Atlanta, it became a part of the force under General Thomas in Tennessee, fought at Franklin and in the battle of Nashville. After the surrender of the Confederate armies it was ordered to Texas and was mustered out at Victoria, Tex., October 12, 1865.

Battery C.—Captain, James Thompson. Battery C was mustered in at Pittsburg November 6, 1861. for three years, and was attached to the 2nd division, 3d corps. It shared in the battle of Cedar mountain, the skirmishes following near the Rappahannock, the second battle of Bull Run, Chantilly, South mountain, and Antietam. It was then transferred to the 2nd division, 1st corps, with which it participated in the battle of Fredericksburg and in the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863. In all these battles the battery suffered heavy loss and owing to the depleted numbers of the command and of Battery F, the two were united under Captain Thompson and assigned to McGilvray's brigade, artillery reserves. Army of the Potomac. At Gettysburg, the losses were heavy but the work of the battery was effective and continuous. Batteries C and F, as well as individual members of the commands, were highly complimented for their gallantry. The batteries continued to see much active and varied service and their guns were heard at Mitchell's ford, Mine run, and Morton's ford. Early in 1864, the original members were mustered out; but a large number of the members reenlisted and the two batteries were continued in the field as veteran organizations. Winter quarters were established at Brandy Station and in the spring the batteries were ordered to Washington for refitting and equipment. They formed part of the defenses of Washington, with the exception of a short time on duty at Harper's Ferry, until the expiration of their term of service. Battery C was mustered out on June 30, 1865, at Pittsburg.

Battery D.—Captains, George W. Durell, Samuel H. Rhoads. Battery D was mustered into the U. S. service at Doylestown, September 24, 1861, for three years, and was composed of men from Berks and Bucks counties. On November 6 it proceeded to Washington, where it remained until the spring of 1862. Attached to McDowell's division, it moved upon Manassas in March, 1862, and with King's division, McDowell's corps, arrived at Fredericksburg on April 18. After two months in camp at Falmouth the battery joined the Army of General Pope and with the 2nd division, 9th corps, was closely engaged at Kelly's ford in August. On August 27, it was assigned to General Hooker's division and was engaged at Bristoe Station. At Bull Run its guns were active and also at the battle of Chantilly immediately following. After refitting at Washington, the battery participated in the battles of South mountain and Antietam; was present at Amissville; active at Sulphur Springs in November; and at Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. It was attached to the 9th corps through the western campaign of 1863, accompanied it to Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss., and returned north in August. Both men and horses suffered severely from sickness during the summer and the battery was left in camp while the war was carried on in East Tennessee. Early in 1864 a large number of the members reenlisted and in the spring the battery was refitted at Washington. It covered the wagon train while the Wilderness campaign was in progress and was assigned to the 4th division. Its guns were repeatedly in action at Petersburg and the battery had its part in the final assault of April 2, 1865, after which it moved to Wilson's station, but returned after Lee's surrender to Alexandria. On June 13, 1865, it was mustered out at Philadelphia.

Battery E.—Captains, Joseph M. Knap, Charles A. Atwell, James D. McGill, James A. Dunlevy, Thomas S. Sloan. This battery was recruited at Pittsburg and mustered into the U. S. service for a three years term, at Point of Rocks, Maryland, where it was attached to the 28th regiment. Ordered to Washington for equipment, it remained there until November 24, when it returned to Point of Rocks and in March 1862, it was posted at Salem and Front Royal on the Manassas Gap railroad. The detachment at Front Royal was attacked in May and forced to retire to Winchester. At Cedar mountain the battery was closely engaged and finally forced from its exposed position by the enemy's guns. At Antietam, it was active but did not reach the field at Fredericksburg in time to share in the battle. Winter quarters were established at Acquia creek and in the Chancellorsville campaign in the spring of 1863, the battery did effective service. At Gettysburg, attached to the 12th corps, it was actively engaged and then proceeded with the 11th and 12th corps to join the Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga, Tenn., where it arrived on October 29. It was attacked at Wauhatchie Junction, where it was encamped. and suffered heavily. It participated in the battles of Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge and went into winter quarters at Wauhatchie. In January, 1864, a large number of its members reenlisted and the battery continued in the field as a veteran organization. The 20th corps, which succeeded the 11th and 12th, was part of General Sherman's army and with it the battery participated in the battles on the way to Atlanta, attached to General Geary's division. It accompanied the 20th corps to Atlanta, then on the march to the sea, and at Raleigh, N. C, was detached and sent to Washington. On June 14, 1865, at Pittsburg, Battery E was mustered out after long and varied duty.

Battery F.—Captains, R. B. Hampton, Nathaniel Irish, Edward R. Geary. Battery F was recruited at Pittsburg and mustered into the service of the United States at Williamsport, Maryland, December 7, 1861, for three years. It joined General Banks' army on the upper Potomac, participated in the action at Dam No. 5 in December and at Hancock, Maryland early in January, 1862. In the repeated skirmishes between the forces of General Banks and Stonewall Jackson in April, 1862, the battery was actively employed, but after the closing engagement at Winchester was stationed at Front Royal for three months and was not again in active service until late in August. With General Pope's army, it participated in the fierce struggles of Bull Run and Chantilly and in the minor engagements preceding them. Its guns boomed at South mountain and Antietam, after which it was posted at Harper's Ferry with the 12th corps. At Charlestown in November and Winchester the following month the battery was active, but it arrived too late for a share in the battle at Fredericksburg. Winter quarters were established at Acquia creek. In the battle at Chancellorsville the command played an important part and on the last day of the fight Captain Hampton was killed. On account of the heavy losses sustained the battery was consolidated with Battery C early in June and the two batteries were united during the remainder of the year. In the spring of 1864, a number of recruits was received sufficiently large to enable both batteries to become independent organizations. At Camp Barry, Washington, Battery F was refitted and became a part of the defenses of the city until ordered to Harper's Ferry on July 4 and remained in that vicinity until April, 1865. The original members who had not reenlisted, were mustered out at Maryland heights at the end of the year 1864, and the veterans and recruits returned to Washington in April, 1865, where they were mustered out June 26, 1865.

Battery G.—Captain, John J. Young. This battery, composed mainly of men from Allegheny county, was mustered into the U. S. service at Harrisburg, August 22, 1862, for a three years term, and ordered at once to Fort Delaware, Del., where its entire term of service was spent, and on June 18, 1865, it was mustered out at Harrisburg.

Battery H.—Captains, John J. Nevin, William Borrowe, Edward H. Nevin, Jr. The members of Battery H came from Pittsburg and were there mustered into the U. S. service on October 21, 1862, for a three years term. It joined the forces at Hagerstown and was attached to the troops under General Morell. In December it was ordered to Washington and remained there until the following spring, when it was sent to Alexandria, Virginia. Here it was engaged in provost duty until January, 1865, when it returned to Camp Barry, Washington and there completed its term of service. It was mustered out at Pittsburg, June i8, 1865.

Battery I.—Captain, Robert J. Nevin. This battery was recruited in Lancaster county and entered the U. S. service for a period of six months, being mustered in at Harrisburg, June, 1863. It was stationed at Philadelphia until November, 1863; then in West Virginia, until January, 1864; and then returned to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out on January 7, 1864. So large a portion of its members reenlisted that with the addition of new recruits, the battery was again mustered in at Harrisburg on January 7, 1864, this time for three years. It was ordered to Philadelphia and thence to Washington, where it was posted at Forts Whipple and Worth until the close of the war. It was mustered out at Philadelphia on June 23, 1865.

First Battalion 100 Days Artillery.—Major, Joseph Knap. This battalion was mustered in at Pittsburg in May and June, 1864, and consisted of four companies, which were mustered out at Pittsburg at the expiration of their term of service of 100 days.

Ulman's Battery.—Captain, Joseph E. Ulman. This company was mustered in at Harrisburg on February 14, 1862, for three years, but, declining to serve as infantry according to orders from the war department, was mustered out on March 7.

Keystone Battery.—Captain, Matthew Hastings. This company was mustered in at Philadelphia, August 13, 1862 and mustered out August 20, 1863. It was reorganized at Philadelphia on July 12, 1864, mustered in for 100 days service and was mustered out at Philadelphia October 25, 1864.

Independent Six Months Battery.—Captain, Horatio K. Tyler. This company was mustered in for six months service at Pittsburg in June, 1863 and mustered out January 28, 1864.

Independent Six Months Battery.—Captain, W. H. Woodward. This company was mustered in at Philadelphia July 9, 1863, for six months, and mustered out at the same place, November 4, 1863.

Independent Company Sharp Shooters.—Captains, Ira J. Northrop, Joseph B. Brown. This company was organized in June, 1861, and mustered in for three years service. It was attached to the 2nd regiment, U. S. sharpshooters and assigned to the 105th Pa. infantry on February 18, 1865.

Independent Company Engineers.—Captains, H. E. Wrigley, Albert S. White, William P. Gaskill, S. C. Smith. This company was mustered into the U. S. service at Philadelphia, August 9, 1862, for a three years term. Its members were skilled craftsmen and carried with them the equipment for practical work in various branches of mechanical industry. It was first stationed near Washington and afterward at Harper's Ferry and was employed in constructing fortifications, bridges, etc. It was mustered out at Harper's Ferry on June 20, 1865.

Warren County Rifles.—Captains, DeWitt C. James. Sylvester H. Davis. This company was composed of men from Warren county and was organized as an independent company at Warren, September 4, 1862, when it was mustered in for nine months service and ordered to the Cumberland Valley. Here it was posted during the battle of Antietam and soon after returned to Harrisburg, where it was employed on provost duty. On March 20, 1863, it was sent to Washington for provost duty and on May 13, was assigned at Alexandria to Battery H. During the threatening approach of General Early in the summer of 1864, the company was ordered to the front, but in September, was returned to Alexandria. It was mustered out on July 20, 1865. The

Erie Regiment—Colonel, John W. McLane; Lieut.-Colonel, Benjamin Grant: Major, M. Schlaudecker. The Erie regiment, which was recruited in Erie and Crawford counties, was sent to Pittsburg and there camped for six weeks. Later the arrival of more troops made the camp too crowded and a new camp was made near Hulton Station. Weeks of drill and camp duty followed but the anxiously awaited marching orders were not received. It was a greatly disappointed body of men who returned to Erie at the expiration of the term of enlistment without having been called to the front. But the drill of that summer made them most valuable recruits to some of the regiments organized later.


DAVID McMURTRIE GREGG

David McMurtrie Gregg was born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1833, the son of Matthew Duncan and Ellen (McMurtrie) Gregg. The Gregg, Potter, McMurtrie and Elliott families, from whom General Gregg is directly descended, all settled in the colony of Pennsylvania at a very early date, and had much to do with the development and improvement of the Keystone State. General Gregg spent his earlier boyhood with his father's family in Bellefonte, Harrisburg and Hollidaysburg. In April, 1845, the family removed to Potomac Furnace, Loudoun county, Virginia, where the father died in the following July, and the widowed mother with her nine children returned to Hollidaysburg, where her death occurred in August, 1847. The future general then became a member of the family of his uncle, David McMurtrie, living in Huntingdon, and for two years attended the school of that excellent teacher, John A. Hall. From that school he went to Milnwood academy, in the lower end of Huntingdon county, and a year later joined his elder brother, Andrew, at the university at Lewisburg. While at the university he received an appointment as cadet at the United States military academy at West Point, which he entered July 1, 1851. He was graduated in June, 1855, standing eighth in a class of thirtyfour members. Among his class-mates were Generals Averell, Webb, Ruggles and Comstock, all prominent officers in the Union army in the Civil war, and General Nichols of the Confederate army. He was promoted in the army to brevet second lieutenant of dragoons, July 1, 1855, and served in garrison at Jefferson barracks, Mo., in 1855-56, being commissioned second lieutenant of first dragoons, September 4, 1855. In 1856 he was assigned to frontier duty in the west and on the Pacific coast, and remained there until the outbreak of the Civil war recalled him to the east. He was stationed at Fort Main, N. M., in 1856; took part in the march to California in the same year; was at Fort Tejon, Cal., in 1856-57; Fort Vancouver, Wash., in 1857-58; and at Fort Walla Walla, Wash., in 1858. He took part in the Spokane expedition of 1858, being engaged in a desperate combat with the Indians at To-hots-nimme, Wash., May 17; was present at the combat of Four Lakes, Wash., September 1; the combat on Spokane plain September 5, and the skirmish on Spokane river September 8. He was on frontier duty at Fort Walla Walla in 1859; at Fort Dallas, Ore., in 1859—60; was scouting against the Snake Indians in 1860, and was engaged in a skirmish near Hamoy lake, Ore., May 24. The winter of 1860-61 was spent in duty on the Warm Spring reservation. He became first lieutenant of the first dragoons on March 21, 1861, and was made captain in the 6th cavalry on May 14, 1861. During the first months of the war he saw duty in the defenses of Washington, D. C, and throughout the remainder of the war was connected with the Army of the Potomac. From October 12, 1861, to January, 1862, he was on sick leave. He became colonel of the 8th Pennsylvania cavalry on January 24, 1862, and took part in the Peninsular campaign of that year. He was engaged in the battles of Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks, New Kent Court House, Savage Station, Bottom's bridge, White Oak swamp, Glendale and Malvern hill, and covered the movement from Harrison's landing to Yorktown in August. He was in the Maryland campaign of the Army of the Potomac, which extended from September to November, 1862, being engaged in several skirmishes on the march to Falmouth, Virginia, in October and November. On November 29, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. From December, 1862, to June, 1863, General Gregg commanded a division of cavalry, being engaged in the skirmish at Rappahannock bridge and in "Stoneman's Raid" towards Richmond in April and May, 1863. He was in the Pennsylvania campaign of the Army of the Potomac in 1863 as a cavalry commander; was engaged in the combat at Brandy Station; the skirmishes at Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville in June; the battle of Gettysburg, a skirmish at Shepherdstown and the pursuit of the Confederate army to Warrenton, Virginia, in July; and participated in the actions at Rapidan Station, Beverly ford, Auburn and New Hope Church later in the year. He distinguished himself especially at Gettysburg, where, on the third day of the battle, he repulsed Stuart's cavalry charge. From March 26 to April 6, 1864, General Gregg was in command of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac, and in the Richmond campaign from April 6 to August 1864, was in command of the second cavalry division of the Army of the Potomac. During this time he was engaged in the actions at Todd's tavern, where he was in command, Ground Squirrel Church, Meadow bridge, Haw's shop, Gaines' house, Trevilian Station, Tunstall's station, St. Mary's Church, where he was in command, Warwick swamp, Darbytown and Lee's mills. On August 1, 1864, General Gregg came into command of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, being brevetted on that date major-general U. S. volunteers "for highly meritorious and distinguished conduct throughout the campaign, particularly in the reconnoissance on the Charles City road." From that time to the close of the war he fought at Deep Bottom, Reams' station, Peebles' farm, Vaughan road, where he was in command, Boydton plank road, destruction of Stony creek Station and Bellefield, the last terminating General Gregg's active work in the army. He resigned from the service February 3, 1865. In February, 1874, President Grant appointed General Gregg United States consul at Prague, Bohemia, which position he resigned and returned to Reading, Pennsylvania, in the following August, at which place he has since made his home. In 1891 he was nominated by the Republican party as its candidate for auditor-general of Pennsylvania, was elected, and made a splendid record in his three years of service. He was elected commander of the Pennsylvania Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, in 1886, and was continued in office by successive elections every year until 1894, when he resigned to accept the position of national commander, serving in the latter position two years and then declining reelection. He is president of the board of directors of the Charles Evans Cemetery Company of Reading, and is a member of the board of trustees of the state lunatic hospital at Harrisburg. He takes a deep interest in all matters pertaining to the veterans of 1861-65, and as the editor for Pennsylvania has carefully revised the Keystone State's department in this publication. On October 6, 1862, General Gregg married Ellen F. Sheaff of Reading, a great-granddaughter of Frederick A. Muhlenberg, as also of Governor Joseph Hiester. They have two sons: George Sheaff, David McMurtrie, Jr.