Union Regiments by State

Missouri

Source: The Union Army, Vol. IV. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.


Military Affairs in Missouri
1861—65

Probably none of the loyal states passed through more stormy scenes nor presents a more thrilling history in the early years of the war than Missouri. Her admission into the Union in 1821 was accompanied by acrimonious debate on the slavery question and gave to the line 36 degrees 30 minutes and the Missouri Compromise prominent places in the history of the republic. Closely identified with the Kansas troubles, and the only slaveholding border state west of the Mississippi, it may be truthfully said that the great conflict between the North and South was developed within her limits. According to the census of 1860 the population of the state was 1,182,012, of whom 114,931 were slaves. A majority of the white population were either emigrants or descendants of emigrants from the older slave states, and this fact, together with the attitude of Missouri during the Kansas imbroglio, led the advocates of secession to believe that she would promptly respond to the call of the older slave states and sever her connection with the Union.

This belief was still further strengthened by the vote of the state in the elections of 1860. In the campaign of that year the contest in Missouri was between the Democrats and the Constitutional Unionists, or American party. At the state election in August Claiborne F. Jackson, a strong southern sympathizer and states rights man, carried the state for governor by a plurality of 9,863 over Sample Orr, the American candidate. At the beginning of the campaign Jackson announced his intention of supporting Stephen A. Douglas for the presidency. Upon this the Breckenridge Democrats, the more radical wing of the party, nominated Hancock Jackson, who received 11,415 votes that would otherwise have gone to the regular Democratic nominee. James B. Gardenhire, the Republican candidate, received but 6,135 votes. At the presidential election in November Douglas received 58,801 votes, Bell 58,372, Breckenridge 31,317, and Lincoln 17,028. Missouri was the only state in the Union carried by Douglas.

The legislature elected in 1860 met at Jefferson City on the last day of that year. Governor Robert M. Stewart, in his farewell message, said: "Our people would feel more sympathy with the movement (secession), had it not originated amongst those who, like ourselves, have suffered severe losses and constant annoyances from the interference and depredations of outsiders. Missouri will hold to the Union so long as it is worth the effort to preserve it. She cannot be frightened by the past unfriendly legislation of the North, nor dragooned into secession by the restrictive legislation of the extreme South."

This message was delivered on January 3, 1861. The next day Governor Jackson was inaugurated. Notwithstanding he had supported Douglas, who represented the ideas of the northern Democracy, he soon gave evidence of his fealty to the dogma of secession. In his inaugural message he insisted that "the destiny of the slaveholding states in this Union is one and the same; that it will be impossible to separate Missouri's fate from that of her sister states who have the same social organization; that in the event of a failure to reconcile the conflicting interests which now threaten the disruption of the existing Union, interest and sympathy alike combine to unite the fortunes of all the slaveholding states; that Missouri will not shrink from the duty which her position on the border imposes, but determine her to stand by the South; that the state was in favor of remaining in the Union so long as there was any hope of maintaining the guarantees of the constitution; and that he was utterly opposed to the doctrine of coercion, in any event, as leading to consolidation and despotism." He closed his inaugural by saying that he believed Missouri was entitled to a voice in the settlement of the questions then pending before the country, and recommended the immediate call of a state convention "that the will of the people may be ascertained and effectuated," significantly adding— "It may soon become necessary to send delegates to a convention of the southern states, or of all the states."

Thus, while the retiring governor made an impassioned appeal for the maintenance of the Union, Governor Jackson made an equally plausible and eloquent appeal for secession, and the issue was squarely before the people of Missouri. With ready acquiescence the general assembly entered at once upon the consideration of a bill providing for a state convention. After considerable discussion such an act was passed on January 17, and was approved by the governor the next day. By its provisions delegates were to be elected on February 18, the convention to meet at Jefferson City ten days later, "to consider the then existing relations between the government of the United States, the people and the governments of the different states, and the government and people of the State of Missouri; and to adopt such measures for vindicating the sovereignty of the state and the protection of its institutions as shall appear to them to be demanded."

The large vote given to Governor Jackson and the overwhelming sentiment in favor of secession in the legislature made that element overconfident, as the disunionists agreed to an amendment to the bill, providing that: "No act, ordinance, or resolution of said convention shall be deemed to be valid to change or dissolve the political relations of this state to the government of the United States, or any other state, until a majority of the qualified voters of this state, voting upon the question, shall ratify the same."

In the meantime the secessionists outside of the legislature had begun the organization and equipment of troops. This movement had its origin in a meeting at St. Louis on January 7, when Basil W. Duke, O. W. Barrett, J. R. Shaler, Colton Greene, Rock Champion and others were chosen as officers to enlist and muster companies of "Minute Men" for the defense of Missouri. The headquarters of the Minute Men were at the corner of Pine and Broadway, though the recruits were organized and drilled in various parts of the city. So far the movement toward secession had made favorable progress, and its advocates were correspondingly elated.

But the Union men had not been idle. During the political campaign of 1860 uniformed Lincoln marching clubs, called the "Wide Awakes," had been organized. Under the leadership of Francis P. Blair and others these clubs were transformed into Home Guards for the defense of the government. Blair also planned, and with the assistance of his coadjutors, held a series of Union meetings that crystallized the anti-secession sentiment and wielded an important influence in holding Missouri in the Union. Blair has been described as "forty years of age, daring, eloquent and resourceful, an ex-soldier of the Mexican war, a disciple of Andrew Jackson and Benton in Democratic politics, who fought for Benton in that chieftain's losing battle in and out of the legislature, who became a Republican as soon as that party was organized in Missouri, who served several years in Congress and was then a member, and who was admirably fitted for the leadership which he assumed in Missouri's cyclonic days at the opening of 1861."

The first of these Union meetings, sometimes called Blair's St. Louis rally, was held in Washington hall, at the corner of Third and Elm streets, January 11, 1861. Two days before the steamer Star of the West, sent by the national government with supplies and reinforcements for Fort Sumter, was fired upon in Charleston harbor by South Carolina troops, and public excitement was at its height in St. Louis when the Washington hall meeting assembled. Blair was the principal speaker. In his address he insisted that only one great issue—Union or secession— was before the people; that all political parties had been absorbed by two great organizations, the one favoring the Union, the other disunion; that it was the duty of every man who loved his country to join with every other man who favored the preservation of the Union, without regard to past political affiliations. Some of his Republican associates opposed the abandonment of their party organization. To these Blair replied: "Let us see that we have a country first before talking of parties."

This was the first meeting in Missouri, and the first of any consequence anywhere in the United States, to openly combat the doctrine of secession. Its results were important and far-reaching. It temporarily disbanded the Republican party in Missouri and formed in its place a Union party, open to all who believed in the preservation of the Union as the first prerequisite to the settlement of the vexed questions then engaging the attention of the American people. It merged the Wide Awakes into a Central Union club, in which any good Union man was eligible to membership, no matter to what party he had previously belonged. It led to the establishment of the Committee of Safety, composed of Oliver D. Filley, then mayor of St. Louis, Francis P. Blair, James O. Broadhead, Samuel T. Glover, John How and Julius J. Witzig, which upheld the cause of the Federal government, and it gave intelligent direction to the sentiment which finally defeated the secessionists and held Missouri steadfastly in the Union.

At this time there were many men in Missouri who, while they were opposed to secession, held to the view that the national government had no constitutional right to coerce a state, the people of which wanted to withdraw from the Union. Most of these men had been supporters of Douglas and Bell in 1860, and were known as conditional Union men. The day following the Washington hall meeting this element held a meeting at the east front of the court-house in St. Louis, 15,000 to 20,000 people being present. Judge Hamilton R. Gamble and Lewis V. Bogy were among the speakers, and the addresses of all the speakers were noted for their conservative tone. These meetings, although held a week before the passage of the bill calling a state convention, paved the way for the short but exciting canvass for the election of delegates to the convention. In that contest there were three parties. The secessionists were led by Governor Jackson, Lieut.-Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, U. S. Senators James S. Green and Trusten Polk, Ex-Senator David R. Atchisonr John B. Clark, John W. Reid and a majority of the members of the legislature. The unconditional Unionists marched under the leadership of Blair and the other members of the Committee of Safety, B. Gratz Brown, William McKee and Edward Bates, who afterward became attorney-general in Lincoln's cabinet. The conditional Unionists, who outnumbered both the other elements, were marshalled by Judge Gamble, Lewis V. Bogy, Nathaniel Paschall, Sterling Price, A. W. Doniphan, John S. Phelps, William A. Hall and a host of others throughout the state. In the election the Unionist side was overwhelmingly victorious, not a single avowed secessionist being elected as a delegate, while the majority in the entire state in favor of maintaining the Union was some 80,000 votes.

The total number of delegates was 99, apportioned among the several senatorial districts in the proportion of three delegates for each member of the state senate. As this convention played an important part in shaping the destinies of Missouri, a complete list of the delegates may be of interest to the reader. They were as follows: 1st District—R. B. Frayser, J. G. Waller and G. Y. Bast; 2nd—John B. Henderson, G. W. Zimmerman and Robert Calhoun; 3d—Warren Woodson, Eli E. Bass and Joseph Flood; 4th—W. J. Howell, John T. Redd and J. T. Matson; 5th —E. K. Sayer, Henry M. Gorin and N. F. Givens; 6th—William A. Hall, Sterling Price and Thomas Shackelford; 7th—Frederick Rowland, Joseph M. Irwin and John Foster; 8th—A. M. Woolfolk, Jacob Smith and William Jackson; 9th—J. T. Tindall, James McFerran and J. S. Allen; 10th—G. W. Dunn, R. D. Ray and J. H. Birch; 11th—Robert Wilson, P. L. Hudgins and Ellzy Van Buskirk; 12th W. P. Hall, Robert M. Stewart and R. W. Donnell; 13th—A. W. Doniphan, J. H. Moss and E. H. Norton; 14th—J. K. Sheeley, Abram Comingo and R. A. Brown; 15th—Akeman Welch, A. C. Marvin and C. G. Kidd; 16th— J. F. Phillips, S. L. Sawyer and Vincent Marmaduke; 17th—J. J. Gravelly, Nelson McDowell and J. R. Chenault; 18th—A. S. Harbin, R. W. Crawford and M. H. Ritchie; 19th—Sample Orr, Littleberry Hendricks and R. W. Jamison; 20th—M. W. Turner, J. W. Johnson and W. L. Morrow; 21st—A. W. Maupin, C. D. Eitzen and Zachariah Isbell; 22nd—W. G. Pomeroy, V. B. Hill and John Holt; 23d—C. L. Rankin, M. P. Cayse and Joseph Bogy; 24th—S. C. Collier, Philip Pipkin and W. T. Leeper; 25th—Harrison Hough, R. A. Hatcher and O. Bartlett; 26th—N. W. Watkins, J. C. Noell and J. R. McCormick; 27th— J. Proctor Knott, J. W. McClurg and John Scott; 28th—William Douglass, J. P. Ross and Charles Drake; 29th—(St. Louis) S. M. Breckenridge, John How, M. L. Linton, Hudson E. Bridge, T. T. Gantt, Hamilton R. Gamble, John F. Long, Uriel Wright, Ferdinand Meyer, Henry Hitchcock, Robert Holmes, J. O. Broadhead, Solomon Smith, Isador Bush and John H. Shackelford.

Pursuant to the provisions of the act calling it into existence, the convention met in the court-house at Jefferson City on February 28. The next day a permanent organization was effected by the election of Sterling Price president; Robert Wilson, vice-president; and Samuel A. Lowe, secretary, after which the convention adjourned to meet in St. Louis on March 4. The first act of the convention, when it reassembled in Mercantile Library hall in St. Louis, was to appoint a committee on Federal relations, with Judge Gamble as chairman, to which all matters touching Missouri's relations with the national government should be referred. Immediately following the appointment of the committee Luther J. Glenn, commissioner from the State of Georgia, was introduced. He read the ordinance of secession adopted by Georgia and strenuously urged the convention to pass a similar ordinance and thus have the State of Missouri unite with the other Southern states in the formation of a Confederacy. His speech was greeted with hoots, groans and hisses from the large number of citizens gathered in the lobby, with an occasional outburst of applause from the secessionists, the demonstrations being suppressed with great difficulty by the presiding officer. Mr. Glenn's communications were referred to a special committee of seven, with instructions "to report such action as you may deem respectful and a suitable response on the part of this state."

Numerous resolutions were presented to this committee by members of the convention, and it was not until March 21 that Mr. Henderson, chairman of the committee, presented a report, containing a long and earnest argument against secession and in favor of the maintenance of the Union, concluding with a series of resolutions to the effect that "so far as the communication made by Mr. Glenn asserts the constitutional right of secession, it meets our disapproval; that, while we reprobate, in common with Georgia, the violation of constitutional duty by northern fanatics, we cannot approve the secession of Georgia and her sister states, as a measure beneficial either to Missouri or to themselves; that in our opinion a dissolution of the Union would be ruinous to the best interests of Missouri."

A minority report set forth that "while denying the legal right of a state to secede from the Union, we recognize, in lieu thereof, the right of revolution, should sufficient reason arise therefor; that while, in common with the State of Georgia, we deplore the sectional disregard of duty and fraternity so forcibly presented by her commissioner, we do not despair of future justice, nor will we despair until our complaints have been unavailingly submitted to the northern people; that the possession of slave property is a constitutional right, and as such, ought to be recognized by the Federal government; that if it shall invade or impair that right, the slave-holding states should be united in its defense, and that in such events as may legitimately follow, this state will share the danger and destiny of her sister slave states."

Both reports were laid on the table and made a special order for the third Monday of the following December, but neither report was ever heard from afterward, because the action of the special committee had been anticipated by the committee on Federal relations, which reported on March 9 the following resolutions:

1. —That at present there is no adequate cause to impel Missouri to dissolve her connection with the Federal Union, but on the contrary she will labor for such an adjustment of existing troubles as will secure peace, as well as the rights and equality of all the states.

2. —That the people of this state are devotedly attached to the institutions of our country, and earnestly desire that by a fair and amicable adjustment, all the causes of disagreement that at present unfortunately distract us as a people, may be removed, to the end that our Union may be preserved and perpetuated, and peace and harmony be restored between the North and South.

3. —That the people of this state deem the amendments to the constitution of the United States, proposed by the Hon. John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, with the extension of the same to the territory hereafter to be acquired by treaty, or otherwise, a basis of adjustment which will successfully remove the causes of difference forever from the arena of national politics.

4. —That the people of Missouri believe the peace and quiet of the country will be promoted by a convention to propose amendments to the constitution of the United States, and this convention therefore urges the legislature of this state to take the proper steps for calling such convention in pursuance of the fifth article of the constitution, and for providing by law for an election of one delegate to such convention from each electoral district in this state.

5—That in the opinion of this convention, the employment of military force by the Federal government to coerce the submission of the seceding states, or the employment of military force by the seceding states to assail the government of the United States, will inevitably plunge this country into civil war, and thereby entirely extinguish all hope of an amicable settlement of the fearful issues now pending before the country; we therefore earnestly entreat, as well the Federal government, as the seceding states, to withhold and stay the arm of military power, and on no pretence whatever bring upon the nation the horrors of civil war.

6. —That when this convention adjourns its session in the city of St. Louis, it will adjourn to meet in the hall of the house of representatives at Jefferson City, on the third Monday of December, 1861.

7. —That there shall be a committee, consisting of the president of this convention, who shall be ex-officio chairman, and seven members, one from each Congressional district of the state, to be elected by this convention, a majority of which shall have power to call this convention together at such time prior to the third Monday in December next, and at such place as they may think the public exigencies require; and in case any vacancy shall happen in said committee by death, resignation, or otherwise during the recess of this convention, the remaining members or member of said committee shall have power to fill such vacancy.

An amendment was offered by Mr. Moss to the 5th resolution as follows: "Believing that the fate of Missouri depends upon a peaceable adjustment of our present difficulties, she will never countenance or aid a seceding state in making war on the general government, nor will she furnish men or money for the purpose of aiding the general government in any attempts to coerce a seceding state." This amendment was rejected by the convention by more than a two-thirds vote. After an able and exhaustive debate on the resolutions they were finally adopted, almost as they were reported by the committee, on the 19th, and the convention adjourned on the 22nd.

Thus it happened that two separate committees of the convention reported against secession, which course had been sanctioned in advance by the voters of the state in the election of delegates to the convention.

In the meantime the legislature had been doing all in its power to force the state into secession. On the evening of January 18— the day of the passage of the act calling the convention—Daniel R. Russell, commissioner from Mississippi, addressed a large audience in the hall of the house of representatives. The State of Mississippi had seceded on January 9, and there could be no mistaking the object of Mr. Russell's visit. But the Missouri legislature had, only a few hours before, passed a bill with the express provision that no ordinance of secession should be valid until ratified by the voters of the state, and the Mississippi commissioner failed to accomplish anything, unless it was to strengthen the secession sentiment among the members of the general assembly.

The so-called "Peace Congress," which was proposed to be held in the city of Washington, D. C, on February 4, 1861, met with considerable favor in the Missouri legislature, and on January 30 that body selected the following delegates to the Congress: Waldo P. Johnson, John D. Coalter, A. W. Doniphan, Harrison Hough and A. H. Buckner. These gentlemen left at once for Washington, but the Peace Congress failed to meet the hopes and expectations of its promoters.

On March 9—the same day the committee on Federal relations reported the resolutions against secession to the state convention—Senator John Hyer, of Dent county, introduced the following resolutions in the state senate, and they were adopted by an overwhelming vote:

1. —That our senators in Congress be instructed, and our representatives be requested, to oppose the passage of all bills or acts granting supplies of men or money to coerce the seceded states into submission or subjugation.

2. —That should any such acts or bills be passed by the Congress of the United States, our senators are instructed, and our representatives requested, to retire from the halls of Congress.

3. —That the governor of this state is hereby requested to transmit to our senators and representatives in Congress, respectively, a copy of these resolutions.

James S. Green's term as U. S. senator expired on March 4, 1861, and it became the duty of this session of the legislature to elect his successor. The contest was unusually interesting and exciting, owing to the general situation that prevailed throughout the country, and the political complexion of the legislature. In the general assembly four parties were represented. Of the 33 senators 15 were Breckenridge Democrats, 10 Douglas Democrats, 7 Union or Bell-Everett men, and 1 Republican. In the house there were 47 Breckenridge Democrats, 36 Douglas Democrats, 37 Bell-Everett men and 12 Republicans. With a full vote on joint ballot 87 votes were necessary to a choice and, as none of the parties was strong enough of itself to control this number of votes, a great deal of log-rolling, attended by some rancorous debate, was indulged in to secure a coalition of some of the discordant divisions. While the balloting was going on a large number of distinguished citizens were voted for, but without success. On the eighth ballot Mr. Green received 76 votes, when Mr. Churchill, a state senator from St. Louis, having heard Green charged with being a secessionist, telegraphed to him at Washington to learn where he stood on the question. On January 29 Green sent back the following reply:

"You are right; my remarks in the Globe prove it. I am for every effort, even that of Crittenden, but when we fail to get justice and security, I am for separation. Let us now have permanent adjustment or pacific division."

This answer forever destroyed Mr. Green's chances of reelection and after several days of fruitless balloting Waldo P. John-son, a Breckenridge Democrat, was chosen, receiving 87 votes. The general assembly adjourned on March 28, after a turbulent session, but it was soon to be called together again by a proclamation of the governor "for the purpose of enacting such laws and adopting such measures as may be deemed necessary and proper for the more perfect organization and equipment of the militia of the state, and to raise money and such other means as may be required to place the state in a proper attitude of defense."

While these things were occurring in the state convention and the general assembly, other and more stirring events were transpiring outside of those two bodies. The St. Louis Committee -of Safety felt confident that the ballots of the people would ultimately have to be reinforced by bullets, before the state could be permanently saved to the Union, and pressed forward with the utmost vigor the organization of the Home Guards. This was done as secretly as possible, while on the other hand the Minute Men, having the sanction of the state authorities, worked openly. Blair, at the head of the Home Guards, had great difficulty in securing arms and equipments for his men, though some were obtained from private sources and some from Governor Yates of Illinois.

In the U. S. arsenal at St. Louis were 60,000 stands of arms, a number of cannon and large stores of munitions of war. While the state convention was holding out a faint hope of an amicable adjustment of the differences between the North and South, both Blair and Governor Jackson recognized that war was inevitable, and both looked with longing eyes upon the arsenal. Each realized that whichever side got possession of the arsenal would control St. Louis, and the side that controlled St. Louis would eventually control the state. Then began a struggle between Blair and the Committee of Safety on one side and Jackson and the legislature on the other for the arsenal, located in the southern part of the city, which was occupied almost exclusively by a German population.

In 1854, during the so-called "Know Nothing" movement, they had some unpleasant experiences with a mob which visited them, and which destroyed considerable property in that part of the city before the Germans were aroused to the necessity of self-defense. This experience was brought to the minds of some of the prominent Germans at this time, and they were told that if they would declare in favor of neutrality they could rest assured that, notwithstanding the dangerous outlook, their property would not be interfered with or put in jeopardy in case of a clash between the state and Federal troops in the matter of the taking of the arsenal. Thus these leading and wealthy citizens were induced by those who pretended to be friendly to their interests, to call a public meeting of Germans early in April at the St. George market house, on Carondelet avenue and Sidney street, in the vicinity of the arsenal, for the purpose of passing resolutions favoring neutrality. The meeting was largely attended, the market house being filled. That the programme was prearranged seemed evident, from the fact that the committee of seven which, on motion, was duly appointed by the chairman, Dr. Adam Hammer, to prepare resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting, in less than five minutes after such appointment presented resolutions, which could not have been prepared in less than an hour, recommending the adoption of a neutral course. When the outspoken condemnation of the resolutions by a speaker brought forth the patriotic sentiment of the audience, the speaker was declared out of order by the chairman, and thereupon the audience left the hall en masse at the suggestion of the speaker, organized a new meeting in front of the market house, unanimously elected as chairman Roderick E. Rombauer, an uncompromising Unionist (afterwards a captain in the three months' service, and later presiding justice of the St. Louis court of appeals), and passed resolutions expressive of an abiding devotion to the Union cause, regardless of all consequences. Thus was the peaceable taking of the arsenal by the state authorities made impossible. To the credit of these prominent Germans be it said that nearly all of them entered the service of the United States under the first call.

At the beginning of 1861 the arsenal was occupied by a handful of troops under command of Major W. H. Bell, a North Carolinian, who was in sympathy with the secession movement. He entered into an agreement with Brigadier-General D. M. Frost, of the state militia, to turn the arsenal over to the state troops in the event any demonstration was made against it by the Unionists, but events crowded upon each other so fast that the agreement could not be carried out.

On January 5, 1861, Isaac H. Sturgeon, assistant U. S. treasurer at St. Louis, had about $400,000 in his hands. Fearing for the safety of this fund, and also for the arsenal, he wrote to President Buchanan for troops to protect the government property in the city. In response to this request the president ordered Lieut. Robinson, with 40 men from Newport barracks, to St. Louis. They arrived on the 11th and were quartered in the sub-treasury and post office buildings. This aroused the indignation of the southern sympathizers, Jackson sent a special message on the subject to the legislature, and General W. S. Harney, commanding the Department of the West with headquarters at St. Louis, in order to quell the demonstration, ordered Robinson and his men to the arsenal. About this time rumors of Bell's agreement with Frost reached Washington, and on the 24th he was superseded by Major Peter B. Hagner. Neither Hagner nor Harney was the kind of a man that Blair wanted in command at St. Louis. Hagner had married a Southern woman and was suspected of being inclined toward the cause of secession. Harney's loyalty was also distrusted, though unjustly. Besides he was past 60 years of age and was too conservative to suit Blair's purpose. Just as the Union leaders were beginning to grow discouraged a new man appeared on the scene. On February 6 Captain Nathaniel Lyon marched into St. Louis at the head of his company from Kansas. Blair saw in Lyon a man at once prompt, sagacious, brave and resourceful, and apprized him of the situation. Lyon shared Blair's suspicion of Major Hagner and with perfect unanimity the two went to work to have him removed and Lyon appointed in his place. Fortunately for their scheme the Minute Men made a demonstration in St . Louis about the time that President Lincoln was inaugurated and on March 13 Lyon was placed in nominal command of the arsenal.

This was the situation when on April 14 Fort Sumter fell before the Confederate guns, and Lincoln issued his proclamation on the 15th, calling for 75,000 men to quell the rebellion. Missouri's quota was fixed at four regiments, which Governor Jackson was requested to furnish. Instead of complying he sent the following reply to Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, on the 17th: "Your despatch of the 15th inst., making a call on Missouri for four regiments of men for immediate service, has been received. There can be, I apprehend, no doubt but these men are intended to form a part of the president's army to make war upon the people of the seceded states. Your requisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconstitutional, and revolutionary in its objects, inhuman and diabolical, and cannot be complied with. Not one man will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on such an unholy crusade."

Jackson's refusal to furnish the troops called for by the national administration gave Blair his opportunity. On the 19th he sent a telegram to Secretary Cameron, advising him to authorize Captain Lyon by telegraph to muster Missouri's quota into service. The suggestion was promptly acted upon by the war department, and thus the arms and munitions in the arsenal passed into Lyon's control and were used to equip the Home Guards, which were mustered into the service of the United States. In doing this Lyon was hampered by Harney, and Blair secured an order calling Harney to Washington to explain. He left St. Louis on April 23, and Lyon assumed temporary command of the Department of the West. A week later (April 30) he received this order from Secretary Cameron: "The president of the United States directs that you enroll in the military service of the United States loyal citizens of St. Louis and vicinity, not exceeding, with those heretofore enlisted, 10,000 in number, for the purpose of maintaining the authority of the United States and for the protection of the peaceable inhabitants of Missouri; and you will, if deemed necessary for your purpose by yourself and Messrs. Oliver D. Filley, John How, James O. Broadhead, Samuel T. Glover, J. J. Witzig and Francis P. Blair, Jr., proclaim martial law in the city of St. Louis."

The order bore the approval of President Lincoln and the following indorsement from Winfield Scott, commanding general of the army: "It is revolutionary times, and therefore I do not object to the irregularity of this. W. S." It was the outgrowth of an act passed by the Missouri legislature in March, giving the governor the power to appoint a board of four commissioners, who, in connection with the mayor, would have control of the St. Louis police, the volunteer and other peace officers. The purpose was to take control of the city's affairs out of the hands of the Committee of Safety. Under this act Jackson appointed Basil W. Duke, Charles McLaren, John A. Brownlee and James H. Carlisle. At the election on April 1, John How was defeated for mayor by Daniel G. Taylor, and for the time being the civil affairs of the city were in the hands of the secessionists. But the order of April 30 changed all this and again the Union men were in the ascendancy. Under this order six more regiments were mustered into the service—the 5th Missouri infantry volunteers, and the 1st, 2nd, 3d, 4th and 5th Missouri infantry, U. S. reserve corps. These first regiments, to the extent of at least nine-tenths, were composed of Germans, many of whom had been members of the Wide Awakes of the year before.

Ten days before this order was issued, the U. S. arsenal at Liberty was seized and garrisoned by the state troops and 1,500 muskets, 20 pieces of field artillery, 11,000 pounds of powder, and some other munitions of war were distributed among the militia. On April 22 the governor issued his proclamation calling the general assembly to meet in special session on May 2. At the same time he declared his policy to be in favor of peace, notwithstanding his troops had seized the Liberty arsenal two days before. He urged the committee of the state convention not to convene that body for the purpose of passing a secession ordinance, as he was in favor of leaving it to time and circumstances to determine the best course for the state to pursue. On the same day the governor issued his proclamation, Warwick Hough, adjutant-general of Missouri, sent out his "General Order No. 7," the principal provision of which was as follows:

"To attain a greater degree of efficiency and perfection in organization and discipline the commanding officers of the several military districts in this state, having four or more legally organized companies therein, whose armories are within fifteen miles of each other, will assemble their respective commands at some place to be by them severally designated, on the 3d day of May, and to go into an encampment for the period of six days, as provided by law. Captains of companies not organized into battalions will report the strength of their companies immediately to these headquarters, and await further orders."

The order further set forth that "The strength, organization and equipment of the several companies in the districts will be reported at once to these headquarters, and division inspectors will furnish all information which may be serviceable in ascertaining the condition of the state forces."

It is hardly probable that the adjutant-general would have promulgated such an order without the governor's direction, or at least without his official knowledge and approval. Coming, as it did, simultaneously with the executive proclamation convening the legislature "for the more perfect organization and equipment of the militia," the act could hardly be construed as being in harmony with the governor's declaration that he was in favor of peace. The Union leaders did not so construe it, and if Jackson's object was to lull them into a feeling of security and render them inactive he utterly failed to accomplish his purpose. Pursuant to General Order No. 7 the camp of the first district was established on May 3 at Lindell's grove, in the western suburbs of St. Louis, and was named "Camp Jackson," in honor of the governor. It was under command of Daniel M. Frost, a graduate of West Point and a brigadier-general in the state militia. Nominally it was a camp of instruction, "to attain greater efficiency in organization and military drill," but with Lyon, Blair and their associates the conviction soon became fixed that behind this there were some ulterior purposes. It was strongly suspected that these purposes included the seizure of the arsenal and an attempt to secure the military control of the state, with a view to forcing it into the Confederacy.

One thing that greatly strengthened these suspicions was the anomalous conditions presented by Camp Jackson. The Stars and Stripes floated over the camp, but its two principal avenues were named "Davis" and "Beauregard," in honor of the president of the Confederate States and the commander of the secession forces at Charleston. In addition to this it was known that some time before the camp was opened the governor had sent Basil W. Duke and Colton Greene to Montgomery, Alabama, with a letter to Jefferson Davis, asking him to furnish siege guns and mortars for the reduction of the arsenal. About the time the camp was established Lyon received information that the cannon and mortars, in boxes labeled "marble," and shot and shell in barrels had come up the river on the steamer J. C. Swan, and had been taken to the camp. To verify this report he dressed in women's costume and rode in a carriage through the camp, under the guidance of Captain J. J. Witzig. Finding his information correct he assembled his forces and on May 10 marched to the camp, where he demanded and received the surrender of the state troops under Frost. (See Camp Jackson in the Cyclopedia of Battles.)

The capture of Camp Jackson created a frenzy of excitement all over the state. When the news reached Jefferson City it produced a panic in the legislature, and within an hour the military bill, then pending, was passed by both houses and approved by the governor. About 1 1 o'clock that night the people of the city were aroused by the ringing of bells and the cries of men on the streets calling the members of the general assembly to the capitol. The cause of this panic was the receipt of a telegram announcing that 2,000 Union troops were on their way to Jefferson City to capture the governor, state officers and members of the legislature. Both houses met in "extraordinary session" at 11:30 and remained in session until after 3 o'clock the next morning. To prevent the Federal troops from reaching the capital the railroad bridge over the Osage river, some 40 miles distant, was burned, presumably by order of the governor. On the 11th 12,000 kegs of powder were sent out of the city and the money in the state treasury was also moved out of town to prevent its capture.

While the legislature was in session it passed a number of acts, the most important of which were: to authorize counties to loan money, not exceeding $30,000 each, to the state; giving the governor authority to purchase or lease Ballentine's foundry at Boonville for the manufacture of arms and munitions of war; to appoint a major-general to command the entire military force of the state in case of invasion or war; to seize the railroad and telegraph lines of the state whenever in his opinion the security of the people required such action; and to take such measures as in his judgment might be necessary or proper to repel invasion or suppress rebellion. The "Military Bill"—an act of over two hundred sections—provided for the organization, government and support of the "Missouri State Guard," and authorized the governor to borrow $1,000,000 to carry out its provisions. On May 15 the general assembly adjourned to the third Monday in September.

General Harney returned to St. Louis on May 12 and resumed command of the department. The first thing he did was to issue a proclamation deprecating "the existing state of things," and assuring the people that he would use "the military force stationed in this district only in the last resort to preserve peace." Two days later he issued another proclamation denouncing the military bill and approving the capture of Camp Jackson. By virtue of the act of the legislature, the governor appointed Sterling Price major-general of the State Guard. On the 21st Harney and Price met in St. Louis and entered into an agreement, the principal clause of which was as follows: "General Price, having by commission full authority over the militia of the state of Missouri, undertakes, with the sanction of the governor of the state, already declared, to direct the whole power of the state officers to maintain order within the state among the people thereof; and General Harney publicly declares that this object being thus assured, he can have no occasion, as he has no wish, to make military movements which might otherwise create excitements and jealousies, which he earnestly desires to avoid."

While this agreement tied the hands of Harney, it left Price free scope to organize the state troops and place the state in active insurrection. Such an arrangement was disapproved at Washington and on the 30th Harney was superseded by Lyon, who was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. On June 11 a conference of the leaders of the opposing sides was held at the Planters' hotel in St. Louis. The Unionists were represented by Lyon, Blair and Major H. A. Conant, and the state by Governor Jackson, Price and Colonel T. L. Snead, the governor's private secretary. After six hours of fruitless endeavor to reach an understanding, the conference was abruptly terminated by Lyon, who arose and said: "Rather than agree that my government shall concede to your government one iota of authority as to one man to be recruited, one inch of soil of this state to be divided in allegiance or neutralized between my government and your government, I will see you, sir, and you, and you (pointing to each one present as he spoke) and myself and all of us, under the sod. This means war. In one hour one of my officers will call for you and conduct you out of my lines."

The governor and his associates ate a hasty dinner and left for Jefferson City on a fast train, burning the bridges behind them and cutting the telegraph wires. The next day Jackson called for 50,000 militia "to repel invasion." Lyon was right when he said "This means war," for he immediately took the field against Price and defeated the state troops at several places between that time and August 10, when he fell at the battle of Wilson's creek. Concerning his campaign and death, Snead, in his "Fight for Missouri," says: "By wisely planning, by boldly doing, and by bravely dying, he had won the fight for Missouri."

On July 22 the state convention assembled in Jefferson City upon the call of the committee. General Price's seat as president was declared vacant and Robert Wilson was elected as his successor. On the 30th a resolution was adopted, declaring vacant the offices of Governor Jackson, Lieut.-Governor T. C. Reynolds, Sec. of State B. F. Massey and the members of the legislature, and the next day Hamilton R. Gamble was elected provisional governor, Willard P. Hall, lieutenant-governor, and Mordecai Oliver, secretary of state. Then, after adopting an address to the people of Missouri, the convention adjourned. These were somewhat highhanded proceedings, but they were justified by military necessity. From this time until its final adjournment the convention exercised both legislative and executive powers with rare ability. Among its more important actions were the abolition of a number of state offices and the reduction of salaries; the adoption of a test oath for citizens and civil officers; and the amendment of the constitution of the state so as to abolish slavery.

Governor Gamble issued a proclamation on August 3, ordering the State Guard to disband, and promising protection to all members thereof who would lay down their arms and live peaceable lives. But the insurrection could not be put down by proclamations, and on the 24th he issued a call for 32,000 troops "to protect the lives and property of the people of Missouri."

On July 26 Major-General John C. Fremont arrived in St. Louis and assumed command of the Western Department. He secured money from the sub-treasury there, with which he secured the reenlistment of many of the Home Guards whose terms had expired, and erected extensive fortifications to place the city in a state of defense. On August 31 he declared martial law, appointed Major McKinstry provost-marshal, defined the line of occupation as extending from Leavenworth, Kansas, through Jefferson City, Rolla and Ironton, to Cape Girardeau, and proclaimed that all persons taken within those limits with arms in their hands should be shot. His proclamation also declared that the property of those actually in arms against the United States, or of those who had in any way given aid to the secession cause, should be confiscated to the public use and their slaves set free. He made elaborate preparations to overcome Price's army, but failed to reinforce Lyon in time to prevent the defeat of the Union forces at Wilson's creek. On November i he made an agreement with Price looking toward the breaking up of the guerrilla gangs that had already become active in the state. His course failed to meet the approbation of the authorities at Washington and on November 2 he was superseded by General David Hunter, who remained in command of the department until the 18th, when it was turned over to General H. W. Halleck.

The most important acts of Halleck, during the closing months of the year, were to levy an assessment upon certain wealthy southern sympathizers for the support of the Union refugees in the city of St. Louis; to declare martial law in the city and over the railroads; and to fix the penalty of death for the destruction of railroad property.

After the action of the state convention in declaring the executive and legislative offices of the state vacant, and the proclamation of Governor Gamble ordering the state troops to disband, Jackson retaliated by issuing a declaration of independence for Missouri and calling the legislature to meet at Neosho on October 21. When the general assembly convened only 10 members of the senate and 39 of the house were present, but a quorum in each branch was obtained by the appointment of proxies. About the only proceeding worthy of note was the passage of a secession ordinance, which was done under a suspension of the rules, and an act notifying the provisional government of the Confederate States that Missouri had seceded. This doubtful ordinance was recognized by the Confederate authorities at Richmond, who went through the formality of admitting Missouri to the Confederacy. After electing John B. Clark, Sr., and R. L. Y. Peyton to represent Missouri in the Confederate senate, and seven members of the Confederate house of representatives, the legislature adjourned to meet at Cassville on October 31. At Cassville a number of bills and resolutions were passed, but they never became effective, and on November 7 an adjournment was taken to New Madrid on the first Monday in March, 1862. That session was never held.

At the beginning of 1862 the state was more quiet than it had been for several months previous, though both sides were busily engaged in warlike preparations. In St. Louis some dissatisfaction prevailed over Halleck's assessment order, but this was quieted by the appointment of a new board of assessors and the are the provost-marshal-general sent out an order to the publishers of all newspapers outside of St. Louis to furnish him with a copy of each issue, under penalty of having their papers suppressed in case of failure to comply. This act of censorship caused some grumbling, but few, if any, of the publishers refused to yield obedience. About the same time the secession members of the St. Louis chamber of commerce, being in the majority, refused to admit a number of Union applicants for membership, whereupon the Union members withdrew and established the Union chamber. On the 26th Halleck ordered that all members of the old organization be required to take the oath of allegiance prescribed by the state convention in the preceding October. Subsequently the faculty of the state university were required to take the oath of allegiance, or have their offices vacated. "The institution," said Halleck, "having been endowed by the government of the United States, its funds should not be used to teach treason or instruct traitors."

On January 10 the U. S. senate expelled Waldo P. Johnson and Trusten Polk, the senators from Missouri, and Lieut.-Governor Hall, in the absence of Governor Gamble, appointed Robert Wilson and John P. Henderson to fill the vacancies.

Several persons were apprehended in the northern part of the state for destroying the property of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad. Their arrest led to some spirited correspondence between Price and Halleck. In one of his letters Price says: "I have obtained information that individuals and parties of men specially appointed and instructed by me to destroy railroad culverts and bridges, have been arrested and subjected to general court-martial, for alleged crimes, which all laws of warfare, heretofore recognized by the civilized world, have regarded as distinctly proper and lawful. * * * Do you regard the destruction of important roads for transportation facilities for military purposes as the legal right of a belligerent power? Do you intend to regard men whom I have especially despatched to destroy roads and burn bridges, tear up culverts, etc., as amenable to the enemy's court-martial, or will you have them tried as usual by the proper civil authorities according to the statutes of the states?"

To this Halleck replied as follows: "Where individuals and parties of men violate the laws of war, they will be tried, and, if found guilty, will certainly be punished, whether acting under your special appointment and instructions or not. You must be aware, general, that no orders of yours can save from punishment and deportation of  spies, marauders, robbers, incendiaries, guerrilla bands, -etc., who violate the laws of war. You cannot give immunity to crimes. If you send armed forces, wearing the garb of soldiers, and duly organized and enrolled as legitimate belligerents, to destroy railroad bridges, etc., as a military act, we shall kill, if possible, in open warfare, or if we capture them we will treat them as prisoners of war. But it is well known that you have sent numbers of your adherents in the garb of principal citizens, and under false pretences, through our lines into northern Missouri, to rob and destroy the property of Union men, and burn and destroy railroad bridges, thus endangering the lives of thousands; and this, too, without any military necessity or possible military advantage. * * * You certainly will not pretend that men guilty of such crimes, although specially appointed and instructed by you, are entitled to the rights and immunities of ordinary prisoners of war."

In the latter part of January eight of the offenders were tried by a military commission at Palmyra, found guilty and sentenced to death under Halleck's order of November, 1861. Halleck approved the sentence and ordered it to be carried out in the following month. The order was never executed, however, as by the latter part of February conditions were so much improved that Halleck felt justified in abating the stringent military regulations then in force, and suspending the sentence. The prisoners were kept confined in the military prison, with the understanding that if Confederate spies should again commit depredations upon the railroads or telegraph lines, the original sentence should be carried into effect.

On April 8 Price resigned the command of the state troops, and about the same time Halleck was ordered to Mississippi, leaving General John M. Schofield in command of the Union forces in the greater part of the state. People hoped for a continued improvement of conditions, but they were doomed to disappointment. The disbanded troops of Price, emboldened by the absence of Federal soldiers, organized themselves into bands and by the middle of July the state was again overrun with guerrillas. Schofield issued an order holding "rebels and rebel sympathizers responsible in their property, and, if need be in their persons, for damages committed by the guerrillas," but it produced so little effect that on July 22 the governor ordered the organization of the militia into companies, etc., for the suppression of the irregular warfare then going on, and during the remainder of the year there were frequent encounters between the opposing forces.

Missouri was one of the first states in the Union to take up the question of gradual emancipation of slaves. When the state convention met in June a bill was introduced by Judge Breckenridge of St. Louis, for gradual emancipation along the lines suggested in the president's message to Congress. After some discussion the bill was laid on the table, but a series of resolutions were finally adopted, declaring that "in the opinion of this convention the proposition contained in the joint resolution adopted by Congress, approved, 1862, is entitled as well from its source as from its intrinsic importance to the deliberate and respectful consideration of the people of Missouri." This action was not radical enough to suit the emancipationists, who called a mass convention at Jefferson City on June 16. In this convention 25 counties were represented by 195 delegates, the main object being to organize the party for the fall election. Resolutions were adopted setting forth that "we are in favor of initiating forthwith a system of emancipation for the State of Missouri, gradual in its character, and the operation of which shall be so adjusted as not to work injury to the pecuniary interests of any loyal citizens whose vested property rights may be involved, and not to disturb by any violent disruption present social relations in our community; that it should be the duty of the next general assembly of this state to take measures for securing from the national government the aid pledged by the resolution of Congress to those states undertaking the establishment of a system of gradual emancipation, and that the same should be so disposed of as to insure compensation to such as may be adjudged as entitled to compensation for any losses that may be sustained by the inauguration and consummation of such a policy."

The political campaign of 1862, for the election of Congressmen and members of a state legislature, opened early in October with emancipation as the leading issue. But the emancipationists were divided in opinion, the more radical wing, under the leadership of B. Gratz Brown, favoring the immediate abolition of slavery, while the conservative element, led by Blair, advocated a gradual emancipation, as expressed in the resolutions of the Jefferson City convention. At the election on November 4 the following Congressmen were chosen in the different districts: 1 st—F. P. Blair; 2nd—H. T. Blow; 3d—J. G. Scott; 4th—S. H. Boyd; 5th—J. W. McClurg; 6th—A. H. King; 7th—Benjamin Loan; 8th—W. A. Hall; 9th—J. S. Rollins. Of these representatives Rollins was a Union man, King and Hall were Democrats, and the others were emancipationists. The emancipationists also elected a majority in each branch of the legislature, which met at Jefferson City on December 29. In his message Governor Gamble congratulated the state upon the fact that a Union legislature had at last been convened; that the treasonable schemes of the last legislature had been thwarted by the state convention; stated the number of Missouri volunteers then in the service of the United States at 27,491; the number of the state militia at 10,540, and the enrolled militia at 52,056, making a grand total of 90,087 men; and devoted considerable attention to the subject of emancipation. According to the report of the treasurer of state the indebtedness at the close of the year was $27,370,000.

Although the general assembly discussed the plan of emancipating the slaves by compensating the owners, it adjourned without any decided action on the subject. Agitation of the matter then stopped until the city election in St. Louis, which was carried by the radicals by a large majority. This gave rise to the apprehension that the feeling in favor of immediate emancipation might extend over the state, and Governor Gamble issued a call for the state convention to meet in June to take action, as it was "of the highest importance for the rest of the state that some scheme should be adopted and the matter set at rest." The convention assembled on June 15, 1863, and on July 1 passed an ordinance decreeing emancipation on July 4, 1870. By the provisions of the ordinance "Slaves over forty years of age on that day should be subject to the control of their owners through life; those under twelve until they were twenty-three, and those of all other ages until July 4, 1876." Immediately after the passage of this ordinance the convention adjourned sine die. Its power continued, however, through its regularly appointed officials until the inauguration of Governor Fletcher in 1865.

The radical emancipationists were not satisfied with the ordinance as it passed the convention, and a meeting was held in St. Louis to declare their opposition and to take steps to have the legislature call a new state convention. An active canvass followed the meeting, which resulted in a convention of the unconditional Union men being called at Jefferson City on September 1.

In the meantime other events occurred that served to increase the dissatisfaction of the unconditional Union men. The Missouri troops were divided into two classes known as the "Missouri state militia" and the "Enrolled Missouri militia." The former was enlisted in the United States service and supported by the national government, while the latter, which had been enrolled in the summer of 1862 by Governor Gamble, was subject to the governor's orders and was maintained at the expense of the state when in active service. On September 19, 1862, the Department of Missouri, consisting of the states of Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas, and part of the Indian Territory, was created by the war department, and Major-General Samuel R. Curtis placed in command, with headquarters in St. Louis. For some reason a lack of harmony soon arose between Curtis and Gamble and on December 30, 1862, the governor issued his General Order No. 50, forbidding the enrolled militia to assist the United States officers in making arrests, assessments, etc. This was followed on April 23, 1863, by General Order No. 14, to-wit: "Hereafter no enlistments will be allowed from any organization of the enrolled Missouri militia into the volunteer service of the United States, when such militia shall have been detailed for active service, and shall have been embodied as a force in the field."

Under these orders the enrolled militia could not be used by the provost-marshal in enforcing his orders. News of the factional fight finally reached President Lincoln, and on May 24, 1863, he removed Curtis and assigned General Schofield to the command of the department. In a letter to Schofield, under date of May 27, the president said: "I did not relieve General Curtis because of my full conviction that he had done wrong by commission or omission. I did it because of a conviction in my mind that the Union men of Missouri constituting, when united, a vast majority of the whole people, have entered into a pestilent factional quarrel among themselves. General Curtis, perhaps not of choice, being the head of one faction, and Governor Gamble that of the other. After months of labor to reconcile the difficulty, it seemed to grow worse and worse, until I felt it my duty to break it up somehow; and as I could not remove Governor Gamble, I had to remove General Curtis. Now that you are in the position, I wish you to undo nothing merely because General Curtis or Governor Gamble did it, but to exercise your own judgment and do right for the public interest. * * * If both factions, or neither, shall abuse you, you will probably be about right. Beware of being assailed by one and praised by the other."

The removal of Curtis was not approved by the unconditional Union men, especially as on May 29, Gamble issued an order setting forth that "The command of the enrolled militia, now in active service within the state, including the provisional regiments, is conferred upon Maj-General John M. Schofield, commanding the Department of Missouri." The unconditional Union men saw in this order that they could not use the militia to suppress treason as they saw it, without the consent of Gamble and Schofield, and they appointed a delegation to visit Washington and lay the matter before the president. The conservatives also sent a delegation to present their side of the case. To the representatives of the warring factions the president said: "The dissensions between the Union men in Missouri are due solely to a factious spirit which is exceedingly reprehensible. The two parties ought to have their heads knocked together. Either would rather see the defeat of their adversary than that of Jefferson Davis." He also announced that the radical element had no right to consider themselves as the exponents of his views on the subject of emancipation, which was the bone of contention, as he was inclined to favor gradual rather than immediate manumission.

The refusal of the president to take sides with either faction had a tendency to quiet affairs in the state until after the passage of the emancipation ordinance by the state convention as already noted, when the dissensions broke out afresh. When the radical convention assembled at Jefferson City on September I, a large majority of the counties were represented, over 300 delegates being present. The platform adopted denounced the military policy of the state government and the delegation by the general government of the military power to a provisional state organization, "the whole tendency of which is to throw back the people under the control of the pro-slavery party;" declared in favor of sustaining the government in a vigorous prosecution of the war; endorsed the president's emancipation proclamation and asked for its prompt execution; demanded immediate emancipation in Missouri; favored a constitutional amendment to disfranchise all who had taken up arms against the national government; and demanded that the legislature call a new state convention to consider the grievances under which the state was laboring.

Resolutions were also adopted requesting Governor Gamble and Lieut.-Governor Hall to resign; asking the president to remove General Schofield and assign General Butler to the command of the department; thanking the president for arming negroes to kill rebels; requesting the radical members of the legislature to vote for B. Gratz Brown and Benjamin Loan for United States senators, after which a committee of seventy was appointed to visit Washington and lay their grievances before the president, Henry A. Clover, Arnold Krekel and David Wagner were nominated for justices of the supreme court, and the convention adjourned.

On the last day of September the committee of seventy laid before the president an address, making demands along the lines laid down in the platform, but the only thing in which he agreed with the convention was concerning the disfranchisement of those who had taken up arms against the government. His attitude dampened the enthusiasm of the unconditional Union men and correspondingly aroused the ardor of the conservatives. Old party lines had by this time been obliterated in the state, the sentiment being divided into the two classes known as radicals and conservatives. The latter held no state convention, but by mutual consent united in the support of Barton Bates, William V. N. Bay and John D. S. Dryden as candidates for justices of the supreme court, and at the election in November the conservative candidates were elected by small majorities. On November 13, the general assembly, being in adjourned session, elected B. Gratz Brown and John B. Henderson United States senators.

During the early part of the year 1863 a large number of disloyal persons were sent south. Those having families were allowed to take property and money to the amount of $1,000, all other persons $200 each, the remainder of their possessions being appropriated for the benefit of sick and wounded soldiers.

Governor Gamble died on January 31, 1864, and Lieut.-Governor Hall succeeded to the office. The most interesting events of the year 1864 were in connection with the presidential campaign, which Switzler, in his History of Missouri, says "was prosecuted in Missouri, by both sides, in the midst of the intolerance, intimidation and violence more or less incident to all civil wars. A general canvass was not attempted, for the prevalence of armed men, the raids and outrages of predatory bands of guerrillas, and the bitter feeling engendered by the war, tended to repress the ardor of political orators and the importunities of political candidates."

An exciting feature of the campaign was the canvass for delegates to a constitutional convention, authorized by an act of the legislature, approved February 13, 1864. The bill provided that delegates should be elected at the general election in November, the people at the same time to vote on the question as to whether or not they desired such a convention. If a majority voted in the affirmative the convention was to assemble at St. Louis on January 6, 1865; if the majority of the votes was in the negative the delegates were not to assemble. The vote for president was 72,991 for Lincoln and 31,026 for McClellan. For governor Thomas C. Fletcher, the radical candidate, was elected by about the same majority over Thomas L. Price, the conservative. On the question of the constitutional convention 89,215 votes were cast, of which the majority in favor of the convention was 37,793. Of the 66 delegates chosen, over three-fourths belonged to the radical or unconditional party.

Although President Lincoln refused to remove General Schofield at the solicitation of the committee of seventy, sent to him in the fall of 1863, on January 30, 1864, Major General W. S. Rosecrans was assigned to the command of the department, Schofield being transferred to the command of the Department of the Ohio. A few days before the election Rosecrans issued a lengthy order, regarding the rights of certain citizens to vote and the duties of the military on election day. It provided: "1—That those, and only those, who have the qualifications, and who take the oath prescribed by the state, copies of which are hereunto annexed, shall vote. 2—No one who has borne arms against the government of the United States, or voluntarily given aid and comfort to its enemies during the present rebellion, shall act as judge or clerk at an election. 3—Outrages upon the freedom of election by violence or intimidation; attempting to hinder legal, or to procure or encourage illegal voting; interfering with the legal challenge of voters; acting as officers of election, in contravention of law or orders; wilful neglect to perform their duties, under the laws and these orders, by officers of elections, and especially taking the voters' or officers' oath falsely; and all other acts and words interfering with the purity and freedom of elections, are crimes against the liberties of the people, and are declared military offenses, and will be rigorously punished. 4—The laws of the state provide that those of its citizens who are in the army shall not thereby lose the privilege of voting, provided the voting is done in the manner prescribed. The commanding general, therefore, directs that, on the day of election, every practicable facility be afforded for taking, in camp, or on the field, the vote of citizens of Missouri who may then be in any company of Missouri volunteers or militia, in the service of the United States or the state. 5— Wherever there is good reason to apprehend that rebel bushwhackers, or other evil disposed persons, will attempt to control the election at any precinct by their acts, threats or presence, a sufficient guard will be detailed to prevent any such control, and keep the peace. 6—District and all subordinate commanders will strictly and carefully enforce this order at the approaching elections, and use all diligence to bring to speedy and condign punishment all civilians, officers or soldiers who violate any of its provisions."

The legislature assembled on December 26. In his message Governor Hall stated the total number of troops furnished by the state for the United States service to November 30, 1864, as 81,767, some 10,000 more than her quota under the several calls for volunteers. On January i, 1864, there was due the militia nearly $1,000,000, to provide for which the governor recommended a bond issue. In this connection it is pertinent to notice the method in which Missouri provided for the payment of her militia. The state convention at its session in October, 1861, passed an ordinance appropriating $1,000,000 in defense warrants, redeemable by the state for taxes. Warrants of this character to the amount of $1,370,480 were issued, and on March 9, 1863, the legislature passed an act authorizing the issue of $3,000,000 in Union military bonds, receivable for one-half the taxes and debts due the state. By December i, 1864, defense warrants to the amount of $1,113,365 had been redeemed and destroyed, and Union military bonds amounting to $1,228,970 had been redeemed and cancelled. Thus out of a total military debt of $4,376,480 nearly one-half had been liquidated before the close of the year 1864, a tribute to the patriotism of the Missouri people and the probity of her officials.

Governor Fletcher was inaugurated at Jefferson City on January 6, 1865, and on the same day the constitutional convention met in St. Louis. It organized by the election of Arnold Krekel as president; Charles D. Drake, vice-president; and Amos Foster, secretary. Emancipation was the first subject to engross the attention of the delegates, several ordinances and resolutions relating to it being introduced before the appointment of the usual standing committees. Finally a special committee of five was appointed, to which all the ordinances and resolutions were referred. On the 11th the committee reported the following, which was adopted after some spirited debate: "Be it ordained by the people of the State of Missouri, in convention assembled: That hereafter, in this state, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted; and all persons held to service or labor as -slaves are hereby declared free."

Of the 66 delegates to the convention 35 were natives of slave states, yet this ordinance passed by a vote of 60 to 4, two delegates being absent. A copy of it, duly signed and attested, was immediately sent to Governor Fletcher, who, on the 12th, issued a proclamation setting forth that "henceforth and forever no person within the jurisdiction of the state shall be subject to any abridgement of liberty, except such as the law shall prescribe for the common good, or know any master but God." Concerning this action Harvey, in "The Province and the States," says: "This was a grand enactment. January 11, 1865, is a great date-mark in the history of Missouri and of human freedom. The fact that Missouri alone among the slave states voluntarily rid herself of the institution, and that she did this eleven months before the thirteenth amendment was proclaimed in operation throughout the country, is a distinction for their state which Missourians should remember."

It soon became apparent that mere amendments to the old constitution would not suffice, and the convention turned its attention to the formation of a new organic law. Many of the provisions of the new constitution, especially those relating to corporations, education and the militia, were wise and judicious, but some reflected the intense sectional feeling rife at the time. This was particularly true of the article relating to the right of suffrage, which provided that no person should be allowed to vote or hold any state, county or municipal office, to teach school, to practice law, to be competent as a bishop, priest, deacon, minister, elder or other clergyman of any religious persuasion, sect or denomination, to teach or to preach or to solemnize marriages, unless he should take a prescribed oath that he had never been in armed hostility to the United States or the state of Missouri; that he had never given any aid, countenance or sympathy to persons engaged in such hostility; that he had never in any manner adhered to the domestic or foreign enemies of the United States, or had given them money, letters, information or sympathy; that he had never committed any other one of a long list of prescribed offenses. Harvey says: "The list was so long, so minute and so sweeping in its scope that it would have excluded a large number of the Unionists of any prominence in the state, whether in private life or in the military or civil service of the government"

The constitution provided for a system of registration of voters, and each and every voter in the state was required to take the "Oath of Loyalty," which was as follows: "I do solemnly swear, that I am well acquainted with the terms of the third section of the second article of the constitution of the State of Missouri, adopted in the year 1865, and have carefully considered the same; that I have never, directly or indirectly, done any of the acts specified in said section; that I have always been truly and loyally on the side of the United States, against all enemies thereof, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the United States, and will support the constitution and laws thereof, as the supreme law of the land, any law or ordinance of any state to the contrary notwithstanding; that I will, to the best of my ability, protect and defend the Union of the United States, and not allow the government thereof to be destroyed or overthrown, under any circumstances, if in my power to prevent it; that I will support the constitution of the State of Missouri; and that I make this oath without any mental reservation or evasion, and hold it to be binding on me."

On April 10 the convention adjourned, after ordering an election for June 6, at which the new constitution should be submitted to the people for ratification or rejection, it being at the same time provided that no one should be allowed to vote "who would not be a voter according to the terms of this constitution, if the second article thereof were then in force." By this provision thousands of citizens who had remained as non-combatants during the war were disfranchised, although the constitution then in issue was to govern them and their children after them. On the other hand the extremists argued that citizens who had by actions, words or sympathy given aid to the rebellion had forfeited the right to vote, and that their only remaining right was "to pay taxes, work the roads, and hold their peace." At the election 85478 votes were cast; 43,670 for the constitution and 41,808 against it. As soon as the result of the election was made known Governor Fletcher issued a proclamation declaring the new organic law would take effect on July 4, 1865. The rigors of this constitution were abated by the decision of the U. S. supreme court in the case of Rev. John A. Cummings, a Catholic priest who refused to take the oath of loyalty, but continued to exercise the offices of clergyman and teacher in his parish at Louisiana, Missouri, and by the amendments ratified at the general election of 1870, by majorities ranging from 105,000 to 130,000. In the Cummings case the court held that the requirement was "in violation of the Federal constitution which prohibits any state from enacting a bill of attainder or ex post facto law," and was therefore null and void.

Although the war was practically over at the time the constitutional convention adjourned, fragmentary bands of guerrillas—remnants of Price's army of the preceding year—continued to infest some portions of the state, and the militia was kept in service for some time after hostilities elsewhere had entirely ceased. Thus Missouri was one of the last as well as one of the first states to feel the curse of civil war. During the contest she furnished to the Federal government a total of 109,111 men, exclusive of the militia she maintained to keep peace within her borders and protect her people from the raids of the guerrillas, jayhawkers and other predatory bands who were actuated more by the prospect of plunder than by principles or patriotism.

Page 257


RECORD OF MISSOURI REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonel, Frank P. Blair; Lieut.-Colonel, George L. Andrews; Major, John M. Schofield. The first three companies of this regiment were organized in response to the president's call for volunteers, and were composed almost entirely of German Turners of St. Louis. The officers tendered their commands to General Harney, who refused to accept them, and they were mustered into service under the president's order to Captain Nathaniel Lyon. (See state history.) They were the first U. S. troops to enter the St. Louis arsenal on April 22, 1861, and a few days later other companies came in, so that the regimental organization was completed on the 27th, with 1,020 officers and men. Part of the regiment, under Captain Harry Stone, was engaged in guarding the removal of arms and ammunition to Springfield, Illinois, and on May 10 the entire regiment participated in the capture of Camp Jackson. On June 10, a month before the expiration of its term of enlistment, it was mustered into the three years' service, and on September 18, was made the 1st artillery, under which its subsequent history will be found.

Second Infantry.—Colonels, Fred. Schaefer, Bernard Laibold; Lieut.-Colonels, Bernard Laibold, Francis Ehler, Arnold Beck; Majors, Julius Windshuke, Francis Ehler, Arnold Beck, Matthias Kraemer, A. B. Carroll. The regiment was mustered into service for three years at St. Louis, September 10, 1861, with 865 officers and men. It was engaged in the operations in southwest Missouri; took part in the battle of Pea Ridge; thence marched to Cape Girardeau and from there to Corinth and Rienzi, Mississippi. In September, 1862, it moved northward to Columbus, Ky, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, where it rested a short time and was then ordered to Nashville, taking part in the battle of Perryville while on its way, and in several minor skirmishes. It was in the battle of Stone's River, and was later engaged at Chickamauga and in the battles about Chattanooga. It distinguished itself by bayonet charges at Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, and in the summer of 1864 rendered valiant service in guarding Sherman's line of communications in the Atlanta campaign. It was mustered out on September 27-29, 1864. There was also a 2nd infantry in the three months' service, but no record of its organization or service is on file in the office of the adjutant-general of the state.

Third Infantry (Three Months' Service).—Colonel, Franz Sigel; Lieut.-Colonel, Albert Auslein; Major, Henry Bishoff. This regiment was mustered in at the St. Louis arsenal on April 22, 1861, and was in the capture of Camp Jackson on May 10. It then moved to southwest Missouri and participated in the battles of Carthage and Wilson's creek, after which it returned to St. Louis and was discharged in the latter part of August and the early days of September.

Third Infantry (Three Years' Service).—Colonels, Isaac F. Shepard, Theo. Meumann; Lieut.-Colonels, Henry Bishoff, Theo. Meumann, W. A. Hequembourg; Majors, Theo. Meumann, Joseph Conrad, W. A. Hequembourg. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of the 3d regiment and 19th battalion, Missouri volunteers, under an order from the adjutant-general, dated January 18, 1862, with 816 officers and men. Four companies marched to southwest Missouri and were in the battle of Pea Ridge, two companies remaining at Alton, Illinois, and four at Benton barracks, St. Louis. The entire regiment formed part of General Curtis' army in his expedition to Helena, Arkansas. On December 12, 1862, it was assigned to the Army of the Mississippi; distinguished itself in the battle of Arkansas Post; was then in practically all the engagements of the Vicksburg campaign; was engaged in the expedition from Iuka to Tuscumbia; afterward fought at Missionary Ridge, Ringgold and Lookout Mountain. After the battle of Missionary Ridge it was assigned to the 1st division, 15th army corps, and with this command marched with General Sherman's army to Atlanta. From the fall of Atlanta to the muster out the regiment was engaged in doing guard duty along the railroad. When the regiment was mustered out the veterans in it were assigned to the 15th Missouri infantry, the last company being mustered out on November 22, 1865.

Fourth Infantry (Three Months' Service).—Colonel, Nich. Schittner; Lieut.-Colonel, A. Hammen; Major, F. Niegeman. The origin of this regiment was a company known as the "Black Jaeger," organized by Major Schittner in January, 1861, for the protection of the St. Louis arsenal. It was mustered into the U. S. service on April 22-23, 1861, with ten companies, each full number, and two companies of riflemen. It was with Captain Lyon in the capture of Camp Jackson, after which it moved to Bird's Point, and still later was under General Prentiss at Cairo, Illinois. From there it was ordered back to St. Louis by Lyon, and was then sent against the Confederates under Harrison along the line of the Pacific railroad. It was mustered out at St. Louis on July 30, 1861.

Fourth Infantry (Three Years' Service).—Colonel, Robert Hundhausen; Lieut.-Colonel, Julius Hundhausen; Major, Charles H. Warren. The regiment was organized under an order from the adjutant-general, dated January 18, 1862, by the consolidation of the 3d regiment, U. S. reserve corps and Lieut.-Colonel Julius Hundhausen's battalion. It was kept in service chiefly within the state and was mustered out under special orders on February 1, 1863.

Fifth Infantry (Three Months' Service).—Colonel, Charles E. Solomon; Lieut.-Colonel, Chris. D. Wolf; Major, F. W. Cronenbold. The regiment was mustered in on May 18, 1861, and remained at St. Louis until June 16, when it left for Springfield, Missouri One company was left at Lebanon, two at Springfield, and the rest of the regiment marched to Neosho and Carthage, taking part in the battle of Dry Forks. It then returned to Springfield and joined General Lyon's expedition toward Fayetteville, Arkansas. Nine companies were in the battle of Wilson's creek, and the day following the battle the regiment was ordered to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on August 26.

Fifth Infantry (Three Years' Service).—Colonels, August H. Poten, Samuel A. Foster; Lieut.-Colonels, John J. Fisher, Emil Stradtman, James A. Greason; Majors, C. F. Koch, Charles Elliott. This regiment was organized by the consolidation of Captain J. D. Voister's company of sappers and miners; the pioneer company of Captain Anton Gerster; Captain Louis Winkelmaier's pontonier company; and the 5th regiment of the U. S. reserve corps, the adjutant-general's order for such consolidation being dated March 18, 1862. On November 12, 1862, an order from General Curtis directed the reserve corps to be mustered out of service, and as a large part of this regiment claimed to come within the provisions of the order, all making such claims were mustered out. Two companies were assigned to the 35th Missouri infantry; the unassigned recruits to the 32nd; and the two remaining companies to the 27th.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Peter E. Bland, James H. Blood, Delos Van Deusen; Lieut.-Colonels, James H. Blood, Ira Boutell, Delos Van Deusen,. Patrick G. Galvin; Majors, Mahlon Weber, John W. Fletcher, William D. Coleman, James S. Temple, Ira Boutell, Joseph S. Gage, B. H. Peterson, James C. McGinnis, Fred A. Bragg. The regiment was raised at St. Louis during the months of May and June, 1861. On July 10 it was ordered to Pilot Knob; was engaged on duty at various points within the state from that time until April, 1862, when it was ordered to Corinth, Mississippi, arriving there in time to take part in the battles about that place in June. At Corinth it was attached to General Sherman's division and was engaged in the operations about Holly Springs, Mississippi; Lagrange and Moscow, Tennessee, and in October, 1862, was attached to the 15th army corps. It was in the battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, and suffered heavily in losses at Arkansas Post, where it distinguished itself by its bravery. It was then in the campaign against Vicksburg, and the actions with the Confederates under General Johnston after Pemberton's surrender. In September. 1863, it embarked at Vicksburg for Memphis, and from that place marched across Tennessee to reinforce General Rosecrans at Chattanooga, arriving there in time to participate in the engagements of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. From Chattanooga it was ordered to Knoxville, but in the early part of the year 1864 returned to Larkinsville, Alabama, where the majority of the men reenlisted and received their veteran furlough. Upon its return to the field it was with Sherman in his advance upon Atlanta, taking part in the engagements at Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain, the battles in front of Atlanta and Jonesboro; then followed Hood to the Little river, near Gadsden, Alabama; returned to Atlanta and marched with Sherman to the sea. It was encamped near Fort McAllister until January, 1865, when it was moved on transports to Beaufort, S. C. It was then engaged in the march through the Carolinas, making a gallant charge in the battle of Bentonville, where it drove back the enemy and held the ground thus gained until it could be reinforced. After Johnston's surrender the regiment went to Washington and participated in the grand review. In June it was ordered to Little Rock, Arkansas, where it remained until August 17, 1865, when the order for muster out was received. It then returned to St. Louis and on the 23d the men were paid off and discharged, after four years and two months of service. The adjutant-general says of this regiment in his report for 1865: "None of the Missouri regiments has done more honor to the service, nor will any hold a higher place in the history of the war."

Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, John D. Stevenson, William S. Oliver; Lieut.-Colonels, Egbert B. Brown, Thomas Curley, William S. Oliver, Robert Buchanan; Majors, Thomas Curley, W. S. Oliver, Edwin Wakefield, William B. Collins. The 7th was organized in the month of June, 1861, and began its active service at Boonville, Missouri, on July 4. It was then on duty at various places in the state until early in May, 1862, when it was ordered to Pittsburg landing, Tennessee, where it arrived on the 14th. From August to October it was on post duty at Jackson, Tennessee; took part in the engagements at Medon Station and Britton's lane; was then ordered to Corinth, Mississippi, where it arrived in time to attack the Confederate rear as they were assaulting the Union forces; was attached to General McPherson's division and was in the advance in the pursuit of the enemy from Corinth to Ripley. On November 21 it was assigned to General Logan's division and was engaged in the operations of that command about Holly Springs, Oxford and Water Valley, and along the Memphis & Charleston railroad. In the spring of 1863 it was engaged in Louisiana, and on April 30 arrived at Vicksburg, Mississippi, where it joined General Grant's army for the advance on Vicksburg. It participated in the battles at Port Gibson and Bayou Pierre; suffered a heavy loss in killed and wounded at Raymond; was detailed to destroy the railroad between Jackson and Clinton; was engaged in guarding the transportation and as a reserve at the battle of Champion's Hill; took part in the first assault on the Confederate works at Vicksburg, and was then in the trenches in front of that place until it capitulated. It was then with General Stevenson's expedition to Monroe, La.; then returned to Vicksburg and remained on guard duty until June 14, 1864, when those whose terms had expired were mustered out and the veterans were consolidated with the nth Missouri infantry.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Morgan L. Smith, Giles A. Smith, David C. Coleman; Lieut.-Colonels, James Peckham, Giles A. Smith, David C. Coleman, Dennis T. Kirby; Majors John McDonald, Dennis T. Kirby. This regiment was organized in June and July, 1861. Before its organization was complete it was called on to suppress the guerrillas engaged in committing depredations along the line of the North Missouri railroad, defeating them in the vicinity of St. Charles and Mexico. On July 29 the regiment left St. Louis for Cape Girardeau, and on September 7 landed at Paducah, Kentucky, where it remained until the following February, when it joined the forces moving against Forts Henry and Donelson. Fort Henry had surrendered before the regiment arrived, but at Donelson it proved its fighting qualities, being under command of General Lew Wallace in the repulse of the attempt of the enemy to cut his way out. It was with Wallace in some of the heaviest fighting at Shiloh on the second day of that battle; in the engagements about Corinth, Mississippi; and the operations in that vicinity until November, when it was ordered to Memphis, Tennessee. Here it joined General Sherman's forces for the assault on the Confederate works at Chickasaw Bluffs, where it acquitted itself with credit, and a few days later was on the skirmish line in the assault on Arkansas Post. It was one of the regiments assigned to the Steele's bayou expedition in the early movements against Vicksburg; took part in the feint against Haynes' bluff, which enabled General Grant to effect a landing at Grand Gulf, Mississippi; was then in the battles of Raymond and Champion's Hill, and in the advance on Vicksburg it was the first regiment to encounter and drive in the enemy's pickets. It took part in the assaults on the Vicksburg works and after the fall of that city was in the movement to drive General Johnston from Jackson. In November the regiment marched with Sherman to Chattanooga, and was in the advance in the first assault on Missionary Ridge. After Bragg’s defeat at Chattanooga it was one of the regiments that marched to the relief of General Burnside at Knoxville, and the following spring joined General Sherman's army for the advance upon Atlanta, taking part in all the principal engagements of that historic campaign until in July, 1864, when the main body of the regiment was ordered to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on July 25. Two companies, A and B, were veteranized and served with the 2nd division, 17th corps, in the march to the sea and the campaign of the Carolinas, being mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, August 14, 1865.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonel, John C. Kelton; Lieut -Colonel, C. H. Frederick; Majors, D. M. McGibbon, Sidney P. Post. The regiment was organized and mustered into service on September 18, 1861. As most of the men were from Illinois the command was transferred to that state by order of the adjutant-general 011 March 20, 1862. (See 59th Illinois infantry.)

Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, George R. Todd. Samuel A. Holmes. F. C. Deimling; Lieut.-Colonels, S. A. Holmes, John D. Foster, Leonidas Horney, Christian Hoppel; Majors, Aaron Brown, Leonidas Homey, F. C. Deimling. Joseph Walker. The regiment rendezvoused at the St. Louis arsenal on August 1, 1861, under command of Colonel Chester Harding. While completing the organization it was employed in guarding the southwest branch of the Pacific railroad from the attacks of guerrillas. On November 19, 1861, three companies of the 21st regiment, also in process of formation, was consolidated with the 10th, which was then mustered into service with 869 officers and men. In December 1861, the regiment was engaged in the pursuit of the Confederate force engaged in destroying the North Missouri railroad, following them through Warren, Callaway, Boone and Audrain counties. It was then stationed at Warrenton and High Hill until April, 1862, when its strength was further augmented by the addition of part of Foster's battalion and ordered to report to General Halleck at Pittsburg landing, Tennessee. As a part of the 3d division, Army of the Mississippi, under General Hamilton, it took part in the siege of Corinth and the battle of Farmington, Mississippi; was then in several minor engagements during the summer. It was present at the battles of Iuka and Corinth; with Grant's expedition into central Mississippi; then moved to Memphis, Tennessee, and during the winter was stationed at Germantown, Tennessee, on the Memphis & Charleston railroad. In the spring of 1863 the division was made the 7th division, 17 corps, and under General McPherson was engaged in all the principal actions in which that corps participated in the Vicksburg campaign. After the reduction of Vicksburg it joined the army at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and fought with its customary valor at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Early in 1864 it was sent into Alabama to guard the Memphis & Charleston railroad, and there engaged in several skirmishes with detachments of the enemy. In June it was concentrated at Huntsville, Alabama, transported to Kingston, Georgia, and in July was ordered to Resaca to hold the works covering the railroad bridge at that point and a construction camp a few miles north, meeting and defeating the enemy several times while on this service. Owing to the method by which the regiment was organized, it was mustered out at different times, part in August and the last detachment in October, 1864.

Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, Joseph B. Plummer, Joseph A. Mower, A. J. Weber, W. L. Barnum, Eli Bowyer; Lieut.-Colonels, W. E. Panabaker, A. J. Weber, W. L. Barnum, Eli Bowyer, M. J. Green; Majors B. F. Livingston, A. J. Weber, Eli Bowyer, M. J. Green, W. W. Cleland. The regiment was raised in Missouri and Illinois in June and July, 1861, and was mustered on August 1, at the St. Louis arsenal. On the 7th it went into camp at Cape Girardeau, and the latter part of the month made an expedition to Perryville, Missouri, being gone about a week and bringing in a number of prisoners. In October, by order of General Grant, it was sent against the Confederate General Jeff Thompson, and fought in the battle of Fredericktown, where the loss of the regiment was about 10 in killed and wounded. It was employed to make a demonstration on the Whitewater river while the forces under Grant attacked Belmont. In February, 1862, it constituted a part of General Pope's army and took part in the operations about New Madrid and Island No. 10. After the defeat of the enemy at those points it embarked on transports (April 13) and dropped down the river to attack Fort Pillow. Before the reduction of that place Pope received orders to reinforce Grant at Shiloh, and joined the army there on April 22. The regiment was then in practically all the maneuvers about Corinth, Rienzi, Booneville and Farmington, Mississippi, Tuscumbia and Russellville, Alabama, receiving the complimentary notice from General Rosecrans as the best drilled and disciplined regiment in his army. On August 16 it was in Mower's reconnaissance of General Price's army, said to be one of the most daring reconnaissances on record. Three days later it was in the battle of Iuka, where it maintained its ground against superior numbers until after dark, losing 76 in killed and wounded, and again receiving the compliments of Rosecrans for its splendid conduct on the field. It was in the pursuit of Price from Corinth to Ripley and during the fall and winter was active in the operations in Mississippi, western Tennessee, and in February was embarked on transports at Memphis to join Grant's army in the campaign against Vicksburg. Here it was assigned to General Sherman's corps (15th) and remained with that corps until after the surrender of the city. On May 18 it was in the advance in the charge of Mower's brigade on the enemy's works on Walnut hills, losing over 100 in killed and wounded. Failing to carry the works the regiment was compelled to remain in the ditches until after dark, in order to withdraw without drawing the concentrated fire of the enemy as it had done in the advance. It was the only regiment of the corps to reach the enemy's fortifications on this occasion. During the siege it was with General Blair's expedition to Mechanicsville and later was in a second expedition up the Yazoo, which was the hottest march of the campaign, if not of the war. It then fought at Milliken's bend, Richmond, Louisiana, and in several minor engagements, vanquishing the Confederate forces under General Dick Taylor; then was stationed at Big Black river bridge until November 8, when it was ordered to Memphis. The history of the regiment for 1864 is practically the history of the maneuvers in northern Mississippi, western Tennessee, Arkansas and Missouri, as it was in all those states and in a number of the principal battles in each. In November it was ordered to Nashville, where it joined General Thomas' army in time to assist in the signal defeat of the Confederates under General Hood, and was active in the pursuit which followed. In the spring of 1865 it was engaged in the movements against Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile, Alabama, and remained on duty in that state until December 24, when it was ordered to report to General Smith at Memphis for muster out. During the year it traveled over 2,500 miles, nearly 500 of which were on foot.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, P. J. Osterhaus, Hugo Wangelin; Lieut.-Colonels, Otto Schadt, Jacob Karcher; Majors, Hugo Wangelin, Jacob Karcher, Gustavus Lightfoot, Fred Lederberger. The regiment was organized in St. Louis in August, 1861. Its first active service was as a part of General Sigel's division in the Fremont expedition, moving successively to Jefferson City, Sedalia, Springfield, Wilson's creek and Rolla, where it went into quarters. Leaving Rolla in January, 1862, it marched with General Curtis into Arkansas; fought at the battles of Pea Ridge, Leetown and Bentonville, pursuing the enemy from Pea Ridge through southern Missouri and northern Arkansas to Batesville. On September 1, 1862, it left Helena and made an expedition to Ste. Genevieve and Pilot Knob. Returning to Helena, it embarked on transports for the Yazoo river; fought at the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs and Arkansas Post; was then in the expedition through Yazoo pass; marched to Grand Gulf, where it joined General Grant's army for the siege of Vicksburg, taking part in the various skirmishes and assaults incident to that movement. After the fall of Vicksburg it was part of the expedition to Canton, Mississippi, and with other troops went to Chattanooga, where it took part in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. The early part of 1864 was spent in Alabama, but about May 1 it joined General Sherman for the Atlanta campaign, being assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 15th corps. It was on the skirmish line at Resaca; took an active part in the battles at Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain and Ezra Church, and assisted in the siege of the city until August and September, when the men were mustered out and the regiment ceased to exist.

Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Crafts J. Wright; Lieut.-Colonels, J. F. St. James, Benjamin F. Wright; Major, C. W. Anderson. This regiment was organized at St. Louis in August and September, 1861, and was transferred to Ohio by order of the war department, May 29, 1862. (See 22nd Ohio infantry.) Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Patrick E. Burke; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles W. Smith; Major, George Pipe. This regiment was first known as Birge's sharpshooters, then as the Western sharpshooters. It was claimed by both Illinois and Missouri, and on April 22, 1862, was transferred to Illinois as the 66th Illinois infantry, under which title its subsequent» history will be found.

Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels. Francis J. Joliat, Joseph Conrad; Lieut.-Colonels, William Jaquien, Joseph Conrad, John Weber, Theo. Meumann; Majors, George Landry, John Weber, H. F. Dietz, Francis Morhardt, George Ernst. The 15th was formed in August, 1861, but its early history is not made clear from the reports in the adjutant-general's office. Soon after it was mustered in, it was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland and fought at Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and a number of lesser engagements during that campaign. It was in the lead in the celebrated charge on Missionary Ridge that routed Bragg's army and resulted in its ultimate defeat. In 1864 it joined General Sherman's army for the march to Atlanta; fought bravely at Resaca, Buzzard Roost, Adairsville, Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtree creek, Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. After the fall of Atlanta it returned northward and as part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 4th corps, took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. It was engaged in the pursuit of Hood through Tennessee and Mississippi; was then stationed at Decatur, Alabama, until April 1, 1865, when it was sent to eastern Tennessee to assist in rebuilding the Knoxville & Lynchburg railroad; it then marched or was moved by rail to Nashville, where it took boats for New Orleans, Louisiana, and in July was ordered to Texas. The last report of the colonel was made on November 23, 1865, from Camp Conrad, Victoria, Texas, where the regiment was still in service. The exact date of its muster out cannot be ascertained from the reports of the adjutant-general, but it is a well established fact that it was one of the last regiments to be discharged from the service of the United States.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Only one company of this regiment was ever organized. It is mentioned in the official records of the war as being part of the 2nd brigade of General C. F. Smith's division at Fort Donelson, Tennessee, on February 21, 1862, and by order of the adjutant-general of the state was transferred to the 27th Missouri infantry on October 13, 1862.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, Francis Hassendeubel, John F. Cramer; Lieut.-Colonels. John F. Cramer, Francis Romer; Majors, August H. Poten, Ferd. Niegemann, Francis Romer, Francis Wilhelme. This regiment was organized by order of General Fremont in August, 1861. It took part in the battles of Pea Ridge, Searcy Landing, Chickasaw Bluffs. Arkansas Post, Fourteen Mile creek, Jackson, Mississippi, the siege of Vicksburg, Canton, Mississippi, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca. New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, the battles before Atlanta, Jonesboro, and a number of skirmishes, but the reports of its officers are rather meager as to the part it played in any of the engagements in which it participated. In September and October, 1864, those whose term of enlistment had expired were mustered out, and the veterans were consolidated with the 15th Missouri infantry.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Madison Miller, Charles S. Sheldon: Lieut.-Colonels, I. V. Pratt, C. S. Sheldon, W. H. Minter, W. M. Edgar. In his report for 1863 the adjutant-general of Missouri says: "This regiment was formed in August, 1861, and has taken part in many of the most important engagements of the war in the West. The want of regimental reports prevents this office from giving that complete statement of its doings that is desired. It has lost largely in officers and men, especially at the battle of Shiloh, but has been steadily recruited, and now has a good aggregate for a regiment that has been so depleted." During the first two months of 1864 it was mounted and employed in scouting the country about Florence, Alabama. It then joined the army of General Sherman, where it was assigned to the 17th corps, and began the advance upon Atlanta, taking part in the engagements at Snake Creek gap, Resaca, Kingston, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kennesaw Mountain, along the Chattahoochee river in front of Atlanta and at Jonesboro. When General Hood evacuated Atlanta and started north this regiment was one of those in pursuit, drove the rear-guard of the enemy through Snake Creek gap and skirmished with him at various other points. It then rejoined the main body of the army and was in the famous march to the sea, participating in all the engagements in which the 17th corps was brought into action. In the early part of 1865 the regiment marched with Sherman across the Carolinas. It was the 18th Missouri that forced the crossing of Whippy's swamp and the Pedee river at Cheraw; was present at the capture of Columbia and Fayetteville, S. C.; fought with its customary valor in the battle of Bentonville, N. C, and was present when General Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Goldsboro. It then moved to Washington, D. C, where it took part in the grand review in May, after which it went by rail and river via Louisville, Kentucky, to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on July 18, 1865.

Nineteenth Infantry.—This regiment was consolidated with the 3d Missouri infantry, q. v.

Twentieth Infantry.—Diligent search through the reports of the adjutant-general and the official war records fails to show any regiment by this number.

Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonels, David Moore, James J. Lyon, Joseph G. Best; Lieut.-Colonels, H. M. Woodyard, Edwin Moore, J. J. Lyon, J. G. Best, Henry McGonigle; Majors, B. B. King, Edwin Moore, G. W. Fulton, C. W. Tracy, J. J. Lyon, J. G. Best, Henry McGonigle, E. K. Blackburn. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of two battalions raised in northeast Missouri in July, 1861, the order for the consolidation being dated December 31, 1861. The first mention of the regiment in the official records is at Shiloh, where it formed part of the reconnaissance sent out by General Prentiss, and which opened the battle. During the first day's fighting the regiment occupied a prominent place in the line, which it held with such tenacity that it only fell back when ordered to do so. At Corinth it was in General McKean's division, which met and repulsed the heaviest assault of the enemy. It fought at the battle of Tupelo and some of the less formidable engagements in Mississippi, where it remained until transferred to General Thomas' army at Nashville, where it participated in the defeat and pursuit of the Confederates under General Hood. Early in January, 1865, it was ordered to Eastport, Mississippi, to guard the transportation of the 2nd division, 16th army corps, and remained there until March 22, when it was ordered to Alabama to assist in the reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, where it distinguished itself by its bravery and lost heavily in killed and wounded. The last report of its commander, dated October 31, 1865, states that the regiment was then on detached duty at Mobile, Sparta, St. Stephen's and Claiborne, Alabama, and the date of its muster out is not shown in the reports of the adjutant-general for that year.

Twenty-second Infantry.—Five companies of this regiment were organized in the latter part of the year 1861, but after performing some service, they were distributed to other regiments, viz: Companies A and B to the 7th Missouri cavalry, and C, D and E to the 10th Missouri infantry.

Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Jacob T. Tindall, W. B. Robinson; Lieut.-Colonel, Quin Morton; Majors, John McCullough, Jacob A. Trumbo. The organization of this regiment was commenced in July, 1861. In August Colonel Tindall succeeded in getting authority from General Fremont to raise a regiment for three years' service, and by September 1 seven companies had been formed and rendezvoused near Brookfield, when orders were received to report at Benton barracks, St. Louis, for muster in. The regiment remained in St. Louis until about the middle of October, and was then ordered to Macon and later to Chillicothe, Missouri, remaining there for the rest of the year, hunting and breaking up the guerrilla gangs in that locality. On April 1, 1862, it started for Pittsburg landing, Tennessee, where it fought with Prentiss' division in the bloody battle of Shiloh. After this engagement it was assigned to the ist brigade, 3d division, 14th corps, participating in the battle of Stone's river and the various engagements of the Atlanta campaign. It was with General Sherman on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas, and was mustered out on July 18, 1865.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, S. H. Boyd, James K Mills; Lieut. Colonels, J. K. Mills, William H. Stark; Majors, Eli N. Weston, W. H. Stark, Robert W. Fyan, James J. Lyon. Concerning this regiment the adjutant-general of the state says in his report for 1863: "For want of regimental reports this office is, with great reluctance, obliged to confine itself to the remark that, having been organized in August, 1861, the 24th infantry early entered the field, and has been unceasingly engaged in the important events of the war in the West; proving itself, on all occasions, when it had the opportunity, worthy of its full share of the honor attributed to the volunteers of Missouri." In 1864 it served with General' A. J. Smith's corps in the Red River campaign, suffering considerable loss in the battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, where it occupied a prominent place in the line of battle. In September and October, 1864, Companies A, B, C, D, E, I and K were mustered out because of expiration of service, and the remainder of the regiment was consolidated with the 21st Missouri infantry.

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Everett Peabody, Chester Harding, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonel, Robert T. Van Horn; Majors, James E. Powell, Fred C. Nichols. This regiment was first organized in June, 1861, from the Home Guard battalions of Majors Peabody, Van Horn and Berry, and was first' known as the 13th Missouri infantry. Late in the fall it was reorganized and designated as the 25th. In the meantime it had been engaged in guarding the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, until a good portion of it was surrendered to Price's forces at Lexington by Colonel Mulligan.' After the exchange of prisoners the reorganization took place and it was ordered to Pittsburg landing, Tennessee, arriving there in time to take part in the battle of Shiloh. It was in the campaign against Corinth, Mississippi, and in the fall of 1862 was sent home to recruit. It was then on duty in Missouri until the fall of 1863, when it was consolidated with the ist regiment, Missouri engineers, the order for the consolidation being dated November 22, 1863.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, George B. Boomer, Benjamin D. Dean; Lieut.-Colonels, John H. Holman, John McFall, Theron M. Rice; Majors, L. E. Kaniuszeski, Charles F. Brown, Richard C. Crowell, Theron M. Rice, John Rees. The 26th was organized in December 1861, and soon after being mustered in joined the expedition under General Pope against New Madrid. It then participated in the battles of Tiptonville, Farmington, Corinth, Iuka, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion's Hill, Black river, the siege of Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, and the several engagements of the Atlanta campaign, after which it was with General Sherman on his march to the sea and through the Carolinas. In January, 1865, Companies A to G, inclusive, were mustered out at the expiration of their term of enlistment, and the veterans were continued in service until August 13, following.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas Curley; Lieut.-Colonels, A. Jacobson, James F. How, Dennis T. Kirby; Majors, James F. How, Dennis O'Connor. Recruiting for this regiment was commenced in August, 1862. Toward the last of September four companies were mustered into service, and during the next month two more companies were filled and mustered in. The regiment was completed by the addition of the three companies, which in the 5th and 16th Missouri infantry had been in service and were already considered as veterans. The whole regiment was mustered in on January 8, 1863, part of it having been on duty at Chillicothe and St. Louis during the preceding months, and about March 1, was ordered to join the army in front of Vicksburg. There it was assigned to Blair's brigade, ist division, 15th corps, which was commanded by General W. T. Sherman. From that time until January, 1865, it shared the honors and hardships of that corps in the Atlanta and Savannah campaigns. On June 13, 1865, Companies A, B, C, D, E, H and K were mustered out, and Companies G and I were united to the consolidated battalion known as the 31st and 32nd Missouri infantry.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—This regiment was raised during the summer of 1862. On September 24, 1862, the following order was issued from the adjutant-general's office. "By authority of the War Department, the 28th regiment of infantry, Missouri volunteers, Colonel F. M. Cornyn, will be organized as a cavalry regiment, to be known as the 10th regiment of cavalry, Missouri volunteers." (See 10th cavalry.)

Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, John S. Cavender, James Peckham, Joseph S. Gage; Lieut.-Colonels, James Peckham, T. H. McVickers, Joseph S. Gage, P. H. Murphy; Majors, B. H. Peterson, Joseph S. Gage, P. H. Murphy, Christian Burkhardt. This regiment was raised under the call of July, 1862, Co. A being mustered in on September 5, and Co. K, the last of the regiment, on October 18. During the period of organization the companies rendezvoused at Cape Girardeau, and when the regiment was complete it was ordered to report to General Davidson, at Patterson, Missouri, which it did on November 17, 1862. From Patterson it went by water to Helena, Arkansas, where it was assigned to Blair's brigade, and on December 21 left Helena to join General Sherman's expedition up the Yazoo river. It received its baptism of fire at Johnson's landing and Chickasaw Bluffs, where it lost heavily in killed and wounded, but sustained the reputation of the Missouri troops for bravery. It was in the battle of Arkansas Post; was on duty at Young's point and Milliken's bend, Louisiana, and was with General Grant in the siege of Vicksburg. After Pemberton's surrender it took part in the pursuit of General J. E. Johnston beyond Brandon, Mississippi; next engaged the enemy at Tuscumbia, Alabama, while marching across the country to Chattanooga; fought with General Hooker's command in the battle of Lookout Mountain; and was with General Sherman in the Atlanta campaign, after which it joined General Thomas at Nashville and was in the campaign against General Hood. In January, 1865, it marched overland to Pocotaligo, S. C., where it rejoined the army under Sherman, and was present at the surrender of General Johnston at Goldsboro. The regiment, with the exception of Co. K, was mustered out at Washington, D. C, and arrived in St. Louis, June 9, 1865. Co. K was made a part of the consolidated battalion. (See 31st Missouri infantry.)

Thirtieth Infantry.—Colonel, B. G. Farrar; Lieut.-Colonels, John W. Fletcher, Otto Schadt, W. T. Wilkinson; Majors, John W. Fletcher, James S. Farrar, W. T. Wilkinson. Under an order from the adjutant-general, dated October 29, 1862, "Companies A to H, inclusive, of the 30th regiment, and Companies A and B, 34th regiment, both in process of formation, are hereby consolidated as the 30th regiment of infantry, Missouri volunteers. Companies A and B, of the 34th regiment, will be hereafter designated as Companies I and K, of the 30th regiment." On January 1, 1864, the regiment was stationed at Vidalia. Louisiana, where it was assigned to duty in the three principal arms of the service, 50 men being mounted as scouts, 16 men to handle two 12-pound howitzers, and the remainder acting as infantry. From that time until about April 1, it was in active service in Louisiana, and on April 3 it turned over all cavalry equipments and embarked for Vicksburg, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, ist division, 17th corps. It was then on duty in Mississippi until about August 1, when it was transferred to the ist brigade, 2nd division. 19th corps, and took part in the military operations in Louisiana and Arkansas during the remainder of its service. Under special field orders, No. 23, November 20, 1864, the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of four companies, A, B, C and D, under command of Lieut.-Colonel Wilkinson, and was mustered out on August 21, 1865.

Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas C. Fletcher; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel P. Simpson; Major, Fred. Jaensch. This regiment was mustered in at St. Louis, October 7, 1862. On the 21st it was ordered to Patterson, Missouri, where it joined General Davidson's command and remained with it until the latter part of November, when it was ordered to Helena, Arkansas. In December it joined Blair's brigade and took part in General Sherman's Yazoo river expedition. It was in the van in the charge upon the Confederate works at Chickasaw Bluffs on December 29; bore a part in the capture of Arkansas Post; and was employed as sharpshooters during the siege of Vicksburg. The regiment took part in the engagements at Jackson and Brandon, Mississippi, Cherokee and Tuscumbia, Alabama, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, and then joined General Sherman's army for the advance upon Atlanta. In this campaign it fought at Ringgold, Buzzard Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain, Nickajack creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. After the Confederates evacuated Atlanta it was with the forces that pursued General Hood northward, and was engaged at Taylor's ridge. Returning to Atlanta it marched with Sherman to the sea, taking a prominent part in the actions of Griswoldville, Ogeechee river, and Savannah, Georgia, Combahee river, Salkehatchie and Columbia, S. C, and Bentonville and the Neuse river in North Carolina. By special order No. 164, dated November 11, 1864, the regiment was consolidated into three companies and united with three companies of the 32nd Missouri infantry, the new organization being known as the "Consolidated battalion." That portion of the regiment that enlisted prior to October 1, 1862, was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 13, 1865, and the remainder, about one company, at Louisville, Kentucky, July 18, 1865. During its term of service the regiment marched over 3,000 miles on foot, traveled 1,200 miles by railroad, 2,500 miles by water, and was under fire 166 days.

Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonel, F. H. Manter; Lieut.-Colonel, H. C. Warmoth; Major, A. J. Seay. The regiment was formed in October, 1862, and immediately entered the field. It was in the engagements at Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Jackson, Brandon, the siege of Vicksburg, Cherokee and Tuscumbia, Alabama, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, and the principal battles and skirmishes of the Atlanta campaign. In the fall of 1864 its ranks had been so depleted that it was consolidated into three companies, D, E and F, and these were subsequently united with the remnant of the 31st Missouri infantry as the "Consolidated battalion" under command of Lieut.-Colonel Simpson, of the 31st regiment. (See preceding regiment.) After the consolidation the battalion was on the march to the sea and in the campaign of the Carolinas. It then went to Washington, D. C, where it was reviewed by the president and General Grant on May 24, 1865, and on the last day of that month was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky. On June 20 the name of the organization was changed to the 32nd Missouri infantry, and under that designation was mustered out at the expiration of the term of enlistment.

Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Clinton B. Fisk, William A. Pyle William H. Heath; Lieut.-Colonels, W. A. Pyle, W. H. Heath, W. J. McKee; Majors, W. H. Heath, George W. Van Beck, W. J. McKee, A. J. Campbell. This regiment was recruited under the patronage of the Union Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, and was known as the "Merchants' regiment." It was the first regiment mustered in under the call of 1862, and started for the front on September 22. During the remainder of that year it was on duty at various places within the state, but on January 5, 1863, it reported at Helena, Arkansas, and took part in General Gorman's White River expedition. In February it formed part of General Ross' expedition against Fort Pemberton, Mississippi, where it was for the first time under fire. On April 8 it returned to Helena, where on May 5 it was placed in charge of the works. It remained at Helena until January 28, 1864, when it was ordered to report to General Sherman for the Meridian expedition. Here it was assigned to Veatch's division and remained in Mississippi until March 10, when General Mower assumed command of the division, which, was then ordered to join General Banks in the Red River campaign. In this campaign it was in the engagements at Fort De Russy, Henderson's hill, Pleasant Hill, Marksville, Bayou de Glaize, and a number of minor skirmishes. On May 24 the 16th corps returned to Vicksburg, and in, June the regiment formed part of an expedition against Lee and Forrest in Mississippi, having previously been in the fight with Marmaduke at Old River lake, Arkansas. Subsequently it was in the battles at Tupelo, after which it was ordered to Memphis and then to St. Louis. On November 24, it left St. Louis by water for Nashville, Tennessee, where it arrived in time to assist in the decisive defeat and the subsequent pursuit of the Confederate forces under General Hood. It then was moved to Mobile, Alabama, where it played an important part in the reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, after which it was on provost guard duty at Selma, Alabama, until July 20, 1865, when it was ordered to St. Louis for muster out, and was discharged from the service on August 10, 1865.

Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Only two companies of this regiment were ever organized, and on October 29, 1862, these were consolidated with the 30th Missouri infantry. Thirty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel A. Foster; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas F. Kimball, James A. Greason, Horace Fitch; Major, Thomas H. Penny. The regiment was organized on December 3, 1862, and on January 10, following the muster in, arrived at Helena, Arkansas, where it remained for the greater part of that year. In the battle of Helena on July 4, 1863, it lost heavily. At Trenton, Arkansas, July 25, a detachment of the regiment was surrounded by some of Shelby's men, but Colonel Brooks, who was in command, cut his way out three times before finally succeeding in getting out of his perilous position. In the last attempt Brooks was killed. In the latter part of the year the regiment was engaged in scouting the country about Helena and on the Mississippi side of the river, capturing a number of prisoners, horses, etc. It continued in this line of duty until April 3, 1865, when it embarked for Little Rock, where it was engaged in picket and camp duty until June 28, when it was mustered out. The men arrived at Benton barracks, St. Louis, July 12, received their final pay and returned to their homes.

Thirty-Sixth Infantry.—The reports of the adjutant-general of Missouri make no statement regarding an infantry regiment bearing this number, but in the official records of the war the regiment is mentioned as being brigaded with the 2nd and 15th Missouri and the 44th III., under General Alexander Asboth, and attached to Davis' (4th) division. Army of the Mississippi, on May 30, 1862, for an advance against the Confederate forces that had just evacuated Corinth. Mississippi. Asboth's brigade was detached from the division on June 6, and no subsequent history of the regiment can be found.

Thirty-seventh Infantry.—The only mention of a regiment of this number is in Vol. 13, page 808, of the official records of the war, where the organization of the troops of the Department of Missouri on November 20, 1862, is given. In this table a detachment of the 37th Missouri, with the 23d, 27th and 32nd Missouri, and part of the 1st Arkansas, under Colonel B. L. E. Bonneville, is reported as having been stationed at Benton barracks, St. Louis. The "detachment" referred to was probably merged with some other regiment.

Thirty-eighth Infantry.—From official sources it does not appear that a regiment of this number was ever mustered into the United States service, though there was a 38th Enrolled militia that did good service within the state. Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, E. A. Kutzner; Lieut.-Colonels, E. A. Kutzner, Samuel M. Wirt; Majors, Samuel M. Wirt, Hiram Baxter. This regiment was recruited in accordance with general orders, No. 134, dated July 28, 1864. During the months of September, October and November, the regiment was divided and on duty within the state, breaking up guerrilla gangs and guarding railroads. On December 16 it left Macon for Nashville, Tennessee, going via Indianapolis, Indiana, and Louisville, Kentucky. Two companies, by command of General Ewing, were stationed at Shepherdsville, Kentucky, two at Rolling Fork bridge, and the remainder of the regiment at Muldraugh's hill, to reinforce the garrisons at those places, remaining there for some time, and not reaching Nashville until January 1, 1865. Four days later it was ordered back to Missouri, arrived in St. Louis on the 9th, where it reported to General Dodge and was ordered into quarters at Benton barracks. On the way to Nashville small-pox broke out in the regiment and a large number of the men had to be left in hospitals in Indianapolis, Louisville and Nashville. The six months companies—C, D, F and I—were mustered out between March 19 and 25, 1865, and the remainder of the regiment on July 19, following.

Fortieth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel A. Holmes; Lieut.-Colonel, A. G. Hequembourg; Major Truman A. Post. This regiment was raised during the month of August, 1864, and was mustered into service at Benton barracks on September 7. Toward the latter part of October four companies were ordered to report to General Douglas at Mexico, Missouri, to repair railroad track and telegraph lines. A few days later the rest of the regiment arrived at Mexico and Colonel Holmes led an expedition against the enemy at Paris, Missouri, but the bushwhackers there learned of the movement and evacuated. On November 7 the regiment was ordered to Paducah, Kentucky, and about two weeks later to Nashville, Tennessee, where it reported to General Thomas and was ordered to Columbia to reinforce General Schofield. It reached Columbia on November 26, and was assigned to the 3d brigade. 3d division, 16th corps. It fought at the battle of Franklin and at the battle of Nashville supported the 14th Ind. battery on the Charlotte and Hardin pikes. After the defeat of Hood at Nashville it joined in the pursuit of the Confederates and was then for a short time in camp at Eastport, Mississippi. Leaving Eastport on February 3, 1865, it proceeded on transport to Vicksburg, where it remained but a short time, when it was ordered to New Orleans. Here it remained until early in March, when it was ordered to Mobile and took part in the reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, after which it was on duty at Montgomery, Alabama, until it was ordered to St. Louis for muster out. It was discharged from the service at Benton barracks on August 8, 1865.

Forty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Joseph Weydemeyer; Lieut.-Colonel. Gustav Heinrich; Major, Henry F. Dietz. The 41st was organized in the months of August and September, 1864, under a call of General Rosecrans, and on September 16 was mustered into the service of the United States for a period of one year, unless sooner discharged. Officers and men were alike eager to be sent to the front, but the regiment was kept on duty at St. Louis for the entire term of its service. A portion of it was present at the paroling of Jeff Thomson and his men in Arkansas, which was the nearest approach to actual warfare any of the regiment experienced. The 'order for muster out came on June 28, 1865, and on July 12 the regiment was mustered out and discharged.

Forty-second Infantry.—Colonel, William Forbes; Lieut.-Colonel, Thaddeus J. Stauber; Major, A. W. Billings. The organization of this regiment was commenced early in August, 1864. By the middle of September it numbered goo men and was then for some time engaged in the guerrilla warfare in Missouri and in Price's raid. Toward the latter part of November the command was concentrated at Benton barracks, St. Louis, where the officers received their commissions and the regiment was mustered in, the last companies being mustered on the 29th. The same day the regiment embarked on transports for Paducah, where it received orders to report to General Thomas at Nashville, Tennessee. Before reaching Nashville it was sent to Fort Donelson, which place was then threatened by the Confederate General Lyon, and remained there until December 30, losing 150 men by small-pox, measles and incidental camp diseases. On the 31st the regiment arrived at Nashville and reported to General Thomas, who sent it to garrison the post at Tullahoma, and there it remained until mustered out. Three companies were mustered out on March 22, and the remainder on June 28, 1865.

Forty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Chester Harding, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonel, John Pinger; Major, B. K. Davis. The regiment was mustered in on September 22, 1864, and was on duty in the state during its entire term of service. Six companies were in the battle of Glasgow, October 15, 1864, and in the spring of 1865 the whole regiment was assigned to the District of Central Missouri, where it was actively engaged in the warfare with guerrillas until it was mustered out at Benton barracks, St. Louis, June 30, 1865.

Forty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, R C. Bradshaw; Lieut.-Colonel, A. J. Barr; Major, R. A. De Bolt. This regiment was organized during the month of August, 1864, and rendezvoused at St. Joseph, where the most of it was mustered into the United States service. Before it was completed it was ordered to Rolla, in order to intercept the advance of the Confederate forces under General Price. On November 6, 1864, it was ordered to Paducah, Kentucky, where it arrived on the 16th and went into camp. Here it remained until the 24th, when it was ordered to Nashville, Tennessee. On the 27th it reported to General Thomas and was immediately ordered to join General Schofield at Columbia, where it was assigned to Ruger's division of the 23d corps. With this command it fought at Spring Hill and Franklin, Tennessee, losing in the latter engagement 157 in killed and wounded. At Nashville on December 3, the regiment was transferred to Moore's division of the Army of the Tennessee, and remained with this command for the rest of its service. After the defeat of General Hood at Nashville it was engaged in the pursuit of the retreating Confederates and on January 9, 1865, went into camp at Eastport, Mississippi. Leaving Eastport in the early part of February it arrived at New Orleans on the 21st of that month and remained there until March 11, when it was ordered to Dauphin island. From Dauphin island it was moved to Cedar Point and Fish river, and on the 23d was ordered to Spanish Fort, in front of Mobile, Alabama. After the surrender of Mobile it was on duty at Montgomery and Tuskegee, Alabama, and Vicksburg, Mississippi, until July 28, when it was ordered to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on August 15, 1865.

Forty-fifth Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, D. W. Wear; Major, Louis H. Boutell. The organization of this regiment was commenced in September, 1864, at Warrensburg, but was never completed. About October 1 the men at Warrensburg were ordered to Jefferson City, where they constructed rifle-pits, etc., and when the Confederate General Price attacked the city the 45th was one of the regiments that defended the works, losing 20 in killed and wounded. After this it was assigned to General Fisk's command and took part in the pursuit of Price up the Missouri river. It was then ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, where it was assigned to the 4th division. 23d corps, and assisted in the defeat and pursuit of General Hood. It was then on duty at Spring Hill and Johnsonville. Tennessee, until February 20, 1865, when it was ordered to St. Louis, where the six months companies—A, E, F and I—were mustered out on March 6, Cos. C and D were transferred to the 48th Missouri infantry, and G and H to the 50th Missouri infantry.

Forty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Robert W. Fyan; Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas A. Reed; Major, Thomas K. Paul. This regiment was mustered into the United States service in September, 1864, for a term of six months. The companies were mustered out at Springfield, Missouri, as their terms of enlistment expired, the last company being mustered out on May 24, 1865.

Forty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas C. Fletcher, Amos W. Maupin; Lieut.-Colonels, Amos W. Maupin, John W. Fletcher; Major, John W. Emerson. In August, 1864, General Rosecrans authorized Colonel Fletcher to organize a regiment in southeast Missouri, for service in that part of the state. Through the efforts of Fletcher and his assistants more men were recruited than was necessary for the completion of the 47th, and the surplus was turned over to the 50th Missouri infantry. The regiment was mustered in for six months, and until December 12 was on duty in the state. It was then ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, where it arrived three days after the Confederates under General Hood had been so ingloriously defeated. It remained on duty at Columbia, Spring Hill and Pulaski, Tennessee, until the latter part of March, 1865, when it was ordered to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on the 20th and 30th of that month. During its service in Tennessee it was under command of Colonel Maupin, Fletcher having been elected governor of the state in the fall of 1864.

Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Wells H. Blodgett; Lieut.-Colonel, Ellwood Kirby; Major, Lewis P. Miller. The 48th was organized in July and August, 1864, for one year. The companies were mustered in in different parts of the state, the recruiting going on until November 22, when the regiment was completed. It then continued on post duty at Rolla until December 0, when it was ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, where it arrived on the 19th, too late to take part in the defeat of General Hood. It was then stationed along the line of the Tennessee & Alabama railroad in the blockhouses, the regimental headquarters being at Columbia. On February 18, 1865, it was ordered to Chicago, Illinois, and from the time of its arrival there (February 22) to June 16, it was engaged in escorting Confederate prisoners to City Point and New Orleans for exchange. On June 11 it arrived at Benton barracks, St. Louis, where it was mustered out on the 30th and discharged. Two companies had been mustered out on March 21-23, but they were replaced by G and H of the 45th Missouri infantry.

Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, David P. Dyer; Lieut.-Colonel, Edwin Smart; Major, Israel W. Stewart. This regiment was organized in the months of August and September, 1864 On January 1, 7865, the companies were scattered through several counties in northern Missouri, principally along the line of the North Missouri railroad. On February 1, 1865, it was ordered to report to General Canby at New Orleans, Louisiana, where it arrived on the 21 st, and was assigned to Carr's division of the 16th corps, Major-General A. J. Smith commanding. On March 10 it embarked on steamers for Dauphin island, at the entrance to Mobile bay. and on the morning of March 27 it joined the Federal forces in front of Spanish Fort. After the fall of this fort and Fort Blakely the regiment marched to Montgomery, Alabama, where it remained until July 14. when eight companies—A, B, C. D, E. F, G and I—were ordered to St. Louis, their term of enlistment having expired. These companies were mustered out at Benton barracks on August 2, 1865, and the other two—H and K—were still in service at the close of the year.

Fiftieth Infantry.—Colonel, David Murphy: Lieut.-Colonel, B. Montgomery; Major, H. Hannahs. The origin of this regiment was in the surplus companies that were recruited for the 47th. Before the regiment was fully organized General Price made his raid into Missouri, and the partially formed 50th was sent against the raiders. After the battle of Pilot Knob the organization was pushed forward, but part of the regiment was captured and paroled by Shelby at Potosi. General Rosecrans refused to recognize the paroles and the regiment was mustered into the United States service. In April, 1865, Cos. C and D of the 45th Missouri infantry were added to the 50th, and the organization was completed. It remained on duty in the state, and while it did not make as brilliant a record as some of the earlier Missouri regiments, it was always ready to discharge any duty assigned it. In April, 1865, the two six months companies (C and F) were mustered out, and the remainder of the regiment was mustered out between the 5th and 11th of August following.

Fifty-first Infantry.—Colonel, David Moore; Lieut.-Colonel, N. B. Giddings; Major, Louis Voneky. In the winter of 1864-5 the organization of six regiments was authorized by the provost marshal general, under an order dated January 30, 1865. Of these regiments only the 51st, 52nd, 54th and 55th came anywhere near reaching the full complement of men and officers. On May 1, 1865, Adjt.-General S. P. Simpson issued the following: ''Special Orders, No. 68. In compliance with the provisions of paragraphs 6 and 7, Special Orders, No. 61, current series, from this office, directing the consolidation of the 51st, 52nd, 54th and 55th regiments infantry, Missouri volunteers, Company A, with its officers, and a detachment of Company B, 52nd infantry, Missouri volunteers, are hereby consolidated into one company, and transferred to the 51st infantry, Missouri volunteers, as Company E of that regiment. Companies E, F and G, of the 51st infantry, Missouri volunteers, will hereafter be known and designated as Companies F, G and H, respectively, of said regiment. Detachments of the 54th and 55th infantry, Missouri volunteers, are hereby consolidated into two companies, and transferred to the 51st infantry, Missouri volunteers, as Companies I and K of that regiment." This order gives the official record of the organization of the 51st, which was mustered in early in May, 1865. During its short service it was stationed at St. Louis, doing guard and escort duty. It was mustered out on the last day of August, 1865.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, Calvin A. Ellis, John F. Ritter, John J. Joslyn; Lieut.-Colonels, Fred. W. Lewis, John T. Price, John J. Joslyn, M. H. Brawner; Majors, J. M. Hubbard, Henry Townsley, Alex. D. Mills, Charles Banzof, Henry J. Stierlin, John W. Toppass, John J. Joslyn, A. P. Peabody. The organization of this regiment was begun about the middle of July, 1861, and on August 6 it was mustered into service at Jefferson barracks, with twelve full companies. Colonel Ellis, with 500 men was with General Fremont, in the campaign against Price, the remainder of the regiment remaining at St. Louis on account of not having clothing, equipments, etc. This portion of the command, under Lieut.-Colonel Lewis, joined the other detachment at Tipton on October 19, and from that time until about the middle of November was with Hunter's division in the vicinity of Springfield. When the order to evacuate Springfield was received, the regiment was broken up into detachments and sent to Rolla, Sedalia and Otterville. The 1st battalion, under Major Banzof, marched from Sedalia to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, ' in the latter part of November, defeating a large force of guerrillas. It remained at Fort Leavenworth until in December 1861, when it was ordered to Independence, Missouri, where it was on duty until the following May, engaging in frequent skirmishes with guerrilla bands and some of General Price's forces. In September, 1862. it joined General Herron's army and took part in the battles of Fayetteville, Prairie Grove and Van Buren, Arkansas. It was then attached to General Davidson's cavalry division for the advance on Little Rock and was present at the capture of that city. The 2nd battalion, under Major Hubbard, remained in the vicinity of Otterville all that winter, and was several times engaged with Poindexter's guerrillas, signally defeating them at Silver creek on January 8, 1862. On February 9, 1862, it marched with General Jeff C. Davis' brigade to Lebanon, where it joined the 3d battalion, which, under Major Joslyn, had been engaged in doing scout duty and breaking up guerrilla gangs. Both battalions were attached to Gen Curtis' army and participated in the various engagements of that officer's campaign in southwestern Missouri and northwestern Arkansas. In March the regiment was sent in quest of the Cherokee chief, Stand Waitie, who had been committing depredations along the border of the Indian Territory, and succeeded in breaking up his force. In June, 1863, the 1st and 2nd battalions were with General Davidson in the campaign to Little Rock, the 3d battalion being with the Army of the Southwest. The several battalions were then on detached duty in Missouri and Arkansas, fighting at Searcy, Batesville, and along White river, Arkansas, and at Bloomfield and Pilot Knob, Missouri, as well as numerous minor skirmishes with the guerrilla bands which infested the two states. On January 1, 1864, the 1st and 2nd battalions were at Little Rock; Co. F, 3d battalion, was at department headquarters in St. Louis; and Cos. G, K and M were at New Madrid. To follow in detail the movements of the different detachments of the regiment from this time until it was mustered out would require a volume. In 1863 the 1st Missouri had won a high reputation as one of the fighting cavalry regiments, and this reputation was fully maintained during its entire service. Seldom was the whole command together, but each battalion or company, wherever it was employed, gave a good account of itself, whether fighting guerrillas; with General Steele's expedition to cooperate with General Banks toward the Red river; chasing Forrest's cavalry in west Tennessee; in the battles at Pine Bluff, Jenkins' ferry, and many lesser engagements, the 1st Missouri was always where it was needed at the proper time. It has been said of this regiment that "The enemy never saw the buttons on the back of their coats, and many bands of guerrillas and professional bushwhackers, as well as organized bodies of rebels, had occasion to remember the ancient 1st Missouri" It was mustered out on September 1, 1865.

Second Cavalry.—Colonel, Lewis Merrill; Lieut.-Colonels, W. F. Schaeffer, Charles B. Hunt, John Y. Clopper; Majors, George C. Marshall, J. Y. Clopper, J. B. Rogers, M. H. Williams, C. B. Hunt, Garrison Harker, C. W. McLean, George M. Houston. The regiment was organized in the months of August and September. 1861, by Captain Lewis Merrill, of the 2nd U. S. cavalry, acting under authority of General Fremont. In September, before it was fully organized and equipped it was called into service in the southwestern part of Missouri, to repel the Confederate force that was invading the state. It was known as "Merrill's Horse," the name being conferred upon it by Fremont, and was in continuous service in Missouri until the fall of 1865. Lack of reports on the part of the regimental officers renders it impossible to give an authentic account of its brilliant services. It defeated Porter's men at Kirksville; took part in the battle of Silver creek; and, in connection with a detachment of the 9th Missouri militia, under Colonel Guitar, completely annihilated Poindexter's gang of guerrillas. Under an order of General Thomas the 10th Missouri cavalry was consolidated with this regiment in June, 1865, and the regiment was mustered out on September 19, 1865, at the close of four years' arduous service.

Third Cavalry.—Colonel, John M. Glover; Lieut.-Colonels, W. C. Gantt, Robert Carrick, Thomas G. Black, John H. Reed: Majors, Robert Carrick, T. T. Howland, H. A. Gallup, J. A. Lamon, T. J. Mitchell, J. H. Reed, George S. Avery. The regiment was organized in the fall of 1861, Colonel Glover's commission being dated September 4. During the months of December 1861, and January, 1862, it was engaged in the suppression of the guerrillas about Palmyra, defeating them at Mountain Store, Sinking creek, Wyman's mill, Newtonia, Hartville and other places. It formed part of the Union forces that attacked and defeated Marmaduke at Hartville, and was active in the pursuit of that officer in his expedition into Missouri. In August and September it was in the 2nd brigade of Davidson's division in the expedition against Little Rock, and participated in the engagements at Bayous Meto and Fourche, and Jacksonport. In December 1862, a detachment of the regiment was assigned to General Carr's command in the St. Louis district, and in March, 1864, the regiment formed part of Anderson's brigade of Carr's division in Steele's Camden expedition. It remained in Arkansas the greater part of the year on scout duty. In January, 1865, it was stationed at Little Rock, very much reduced by casualties and the muster out of the non-veterans at the expiration of their term of enlistment. Under an order of March 21, 1865, it was consolidated into five companies, and was subsequently consolidated with the nth Missouri cavalry. It was mustered out with that regiment July 27, 1865.

Fourth Cavalry.—Colonel, G. E. Waring; Lieut.-Colonels, Rudolph Blome, G. Von Helmrich; Majors, E. Kielmansegge, G. M. Elbert, Edward Langen, Emeric Meszaros, J. F. Dwight, B. C. Ludlow, Gottleib C. Rose. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of two battalions, known as the Fremont Hussars and Benton Hussars, each having six full companies, the union being effected in November, 1862, though the two battalions had been in existence for about a year. During the fall of 1862, and the succeeding winter, the regiment was under command of General Davidson in southeast Missouri, forming a part of the expedition to Batesville. In the spring of 1863 it was ordered to report to General Rosecrans in Tennessee, but before reaching its destination was stopped by General Asboth at Columbus, Kentucky, where it was attached to the 6th division, 16th corps. For the rest of its service it was on duty in western Tennessee and Kentucky, detachments being sent into Arkansas and Missouri to break up roving bands of bushwhackers. Part of it was attached to Karge's brigade in Grierson's expedition against Guntown, Pontotoc, Verona, Okalona and Egypt, Mississippi, returning via Vicksburg to Memphis. In the early part of 1865 detachments were at Louisville, Kentucky, ordered to New Orleans, where it was attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, cavalry corps, Military Division Northern Mississippi, and remained with that command until mustered out. The non-veterans were mustered out in October, 1864, and the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of four companies, which was mustered out on November 20, 1865.

Fifth Cavalry.—Colonel, Joseph Nemitt; Lieut.-Colonels, G. Von Deutsch, G. Von Helmrich; Majors, G. Heinrichs, J. W. Goff, C. H. Warrens. On February 14, 1862, Special Orders, No. 22, issued from the adjutant-general's office of the state, provided that "The battalion of cavalry known as the Benton Hussars, and Companies D, E and F of the Holland Horse are hereby consolidated, and designated the 5th regiment of cavalry, Missouri volunteers." On November 1, 1862, an order from the war department directed the consolidation of the 4th and 5th Missouri cavalry, which was then to be recruited to the standard authorized by law. The subsequent history of the 5th will be found in the preceding sketch of the 4th Missouri cavalry.

Sixth Cavalry.—Colonel, Clark Wright: Lieut.-Colonels, S. N. Wood, T. A. Switzler: Majors, H. P. Hawkins, B. Montgomery. Most of the companies of this regiment participated m the battles of Carthage and Wilson's creek as independent organizations. These companies were afterward formed into battalions, and did valiant service in the engagements at Copridge's mills, Wet Glaize, Salem and West Plains. The three battalions were organized as a regiment on February 14, 1862. Immediately after this part of the regiment marched from Rolla in advance of General Curtis, upon Springfield, defeating the enemy at Marshfield, and drove the retreating Confederates into Arkansas. Another portion was on duty at Forsyth, Missouri, until ordered to Springfield. As a regiment it was foremost in the pursuit of the Confederate forces under Coffee through Pineville, Neosho, Carthage and Lone Jack, defeating them at Montevallo; was then ordered to reinforce General Blunt at Newtonia, where it arrived during the battle, and covered the retreat of the Union troops back to Mount Vernon. On December 25, 1862, it arrived at Milliken's bend, where it was ordered to Chickasaw Bluffs and bore a part in the three days' fight at that place; was next in the engagement at Arkansas Post, and then joined General Grant's army for the campaign against Vicksburg. It was in the battles of Champion's Hill, Big Black river and Bridgeport, and after the fall of Vicksburg was in the expedition to drive General Johnston from Jackson, Mississippi, driving the enemy all the way from Black river to Jackson, where it charged the rifle-pits, but failed to carry them, suffering some loss in killed and wounded. It then returned to Vicksburg, and was soon afterward ordered to New Orleans. In the operations in Louisiana it participated in the actions at Morgan's bend, Atchafalaya river, Bayou Teche, Vermillionville, Opelousas, and a number of minor skirmishes. During part of this period a battalion under Lieut. Colonel Wood was in Arkansas, where it took part in the battles of Oakland, Searcy, Cotton Plant, St. Charles Bluff, Smith's landing and several lesser affairs. Cos. B, C, F, G, H, I and K were mustered out at the expiration of term in December 1864, and January, 1865, and the remaining battalion, consisting of Cos. A, D, E and L, was mustered out on September 12, 1865.

Seventh Cavalry.—Colonel, Daniel Huston, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonels, William Bishop, J. T. Buell, J. L. Chandler; Majors, A. H. Linden, M. H. Brawner, David McKee, Eliphalet Bredett, H. P. Spellman. This regiment was formed by the consolidation of the battalion known as the "Black Hawk Cavalry" and Captain Louis' company, under an order from the adjutant-general's office, dated February 20, 1862. Five days later Cos. A and B, mounted, and attached to the 22nd infantry, were transferred to the 7th cavalry. On March 7, 1862, two unattached companies were added to the regiment. During the spring of that year it operated in Johnson and adjoining counties, engaging the enemy in various places. Part of the regiment, under Lieut.-Colonel Buell, was captured after a desperate resistance at Independence and paroled. On September 14, 1862, it was ordered to Springfield, where it was attached to General Totten's division of the Army of the Frontier. Major Bredett was killed at Cane Hill, Arkansas, and the regiment participated in the battle of Prairie Grove. It was then with the Union forces in pursuit of General Marmaduke through Missouri, and formed part of General Davidson's cavalry division for the advance on Little Rock, fighting at Bayou Meto, Brownsville, and other places. January, 1864, found the regiment stationed at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, under Colonel Powell Clayton, where it operated in connection with General Steele's Camden expedition. It remained at Pine Bluff, and in the vicinity, during that whole year. Most of the men were mustered out in the fall of 1864, because their term of enlistment had expired, and under an order from the adjutant-general on February 22, 1865, the recruits and veterans were formed into five squadrons and consolidated with the 1st Missouri cavalry.

Eighth Cavalry.—Colonel, W. F. Geiger; Lieut.-Colonels, E. P. Baldwin, J. W. Lisenby, George L. Childress: Majors, J. W. Lisenby, G. L. Childress, W. F. Bodenhamer, John Hursh, W. J. Teed, J. G. Rich, J. H. Garrison. The 8th cavalry was raised by Colonel Geiger under the call of July, 1862, for 300,000 volunteers. It was composed of the loyal and hardy men of southwest Missouri, and was one of the best regiments in the entire Union army so far as bravery and endurance were concerned. From the time of its muster in until the following summer it was on duty in the locality where it was recruited, and was then attached to General Davidson's cavalry division for the Little Rock campaign. About this time the adjutant-general said of it in one of his reports: "A better and more united regiment does not exist in the volunteer service of the state. The national and state authorities may rely upon it whenever and wherever occasion may require." During its service it participated in the battles at Lamar, Missouri; Van Buren, Brownsville, Little Rock, Pumpkin Bend, Prairie Grove, Chalk Bluff, Bayou Meto, Augusta, Clarendon and Long Prairie, Arkansas.; and in numerous scouting expeditions, etc. On every field it was always at its post of duty, and the unerring marksmanship of its men made it one of the most effective regiments in the army. It was mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, July 20, 1865.

Ninth Cavalry.—This regiment was raised from Bowen's battalion, which was recruited in the fall of 1861 and the following winter. On December 4, 1862, the following order was issued from the adjutant-general's office: "Six companies of the 9th cavalry and six companies of the 10th cavalry, are hereby consolidated, and will hereafter be known as the 10th regiment of cavalry, Missouri volunteers." (See 10th cavalry.)

Tenth Cavalry.—Colonels, F. M. Cornyn, A. J. Alexander; Lieut.-Colonels, W. D. Bowen, Thomas Hynes, F. W. Benteen; Majors, F. R. Neet, Thomas Hynes, F. W. Benteen, M. H. Williams, W. H. Lusk. This regiment was originally recruited as the 28th Missouri infantry. It was changed to a cavalry regiment by order of the war department on Sept . 24, 1862, and on December 4, 1862, the 9th cavalry was added to it. Immediately after this consolidation the regiment, numbering about 1,200 men, rank and tile, left Camp Magazine, near Jefferson barracks, for the South. Owing to lack of transportation facilities it was moved by detachments, but was reunited at Memphis, Tennessee, and left that city on February 7, 1863, for Corinth, Mississippi, where it arrived on the 15th. Here Colonel Cornyn was placed in command of a cavalry brigade, which was sent against Van Dorn at Tuscumbia. The Confederates were driven from the town in confusion and a lot of property was captured. This was the first successful cavalry raid made by any body of Federal troops, and Major-General Hurlbut, to show his appreciation of it, sent the following despatch to General Dodge at Corinth: "Return my thanks to Colonel Cornyn and his command, for their gallant performance of severe duty." In the expedition of Dodge's command from Corinth to Tuscumbia in April, Cornyn's brigade had the advance and was almost constantly engaged with detachments of the enemy, defeating them at Bear creek, Cherokee, Lundy's lane, and other points. This movement of Dodge's was to cover Streight's raid into Alabama and Georgia. On the return to Corinth, Cornyn, with 1,220 men, met and defeated some 4,000 Confederates at Tupelo, the 10th Missouri making one of the most dashing charges of the war. It remained on duty in Mississippi and Alabama for the greater part of its service, being kept almost constantly engaged in raiding the country and destroying property that could be used to the advantage of the enemy. It was one of the regiments with General Wilson in his raid through Alabama and Georgia, and distinguished itself by its bravery at Montevallo and Selma, Alabama, and Columbus, Georgia. On June 26, 1865, all whose term of enlistment had expired were mustered out, the remainder of the regiment was consolidated with 2nd Missouri cavalry on June 26, by order of the war department, and was mustered out with that regiment on September 19, 1865.

Eleventh Cavalry.—Colonels, W. D. Wood, J. F. Dwight; Lieut.-Colonels, J. W. Stephens, L. C. Pace, F. W. Lewis; Majors, J. W. Stephens, L. C. Pace, J. T. Ross, J. F. Dwight, F. W. Lewis, L. W. Brown, A. B. Kauffman. The organization of this regiment was completed at Benton barracks, St. Louis, December 11, 1863, by the muster in of Co. M. All the other companies had been previously mustered in and were already in the field: Cos. A and H in New Mexico and Arizona; B, C, E and G, at Springfield, Missouri; D, F, I and K, at Batesville, Arkansas. In February, 1864, the regiment, with the exception of Co. H, which remained in Arizona, was united at Batesville, where it remained until April, taking part in the battles of Spring Town, Waugh's farm, Little Red river and Jacksonport. It was then ordered to Devall's Bluff, where it remained until the following November, when it was ordered to Brownsville, and was attached to the 2nd brigade, cavalry division, 7th corps. In February, 1865, it was ordered to Little Rock, and it remained there until May, when it was ordered to New Orleans, with the expectation of being sent to the Rio Grande, but in July it was directed to report at Benton barracks, St. Louis, for muster out. On August 11, 1865, it was discharged from the service, having marched over 10,000 miles in its various expeditions.

Twelfth Cavalry.—Colonel, Oliver Wells; Lieut.-Colonels, Oliver Wells, R. H. Brown; Majors, R. H. Brown, J. M. Hubbard, E. D. Nash, Levi Pritchard, A. J. Hughes. The organization of this regiment was completed on March 23, 1864, and two days later was assigned to duty in the city of St. Louis by Major-General Rosecrans, commanding the department. On June 1, 1864, it received orders to report to General Washburne at Memphis, Tennessee, where it was assigned to the 1st cavalry division, under General Hatch. From that time until the following September it was engaged in the military operations in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. On the last day of September it left camp at White's station, 9 miles from Memphis, to intercept General Forrest at Lawrenceburg, but arrived there too late, though it pursued him until he crossed the Tennessee river. It then remained in camp at Clifton, Tennessee, until October 27, when it was ordered to move to Pulaski, in order to engage the Confederate forces under General Hood. Hatch struck Hood's army on November 8, and from that time until the 19th, was engaged in daily skirmishing, in which the 12th Missouri bore an active part. Falling back to Nashville with General Schofield's forces, it arrived in that city on December 2, 1864, where it was furnished with new horses and uniforms and played a conspicuous part in the defense of the city and the defeat of Hood. After Hood had been driven from the state, the regiment was ordered to build winter quarters at Gravelly Springs, Alabama, but the quarters were no sooner completed than the regiment was mounted on mules and spent the winter in doing scout duty through northern Mississippi and Alabama. On May 12, 1865, the brigade was ordered to report to General Dodge, then in command of the Department of Missouri, and it arrived at St. Louis on the 17th. The 12th Missouri was now detached from the brigade, ordered to Fort Leavenworth, and from there to Omaha, Nebraska, where it joined the expedition against the Indians on the Yellowstone river. The expedition left Omaha on July 1, 1865, with 60 days' rations. This supply was about exhausted on August 28, and about the same time the troops were attacked by the Cheyenne Indians. A retreat was ordered down the Powder river, but it was found impassable for the wagons, which were abandoned. The savages followed the expedition until September 11, and the men reached Fort Conner on the 20th, having had no food except horse and mule meat for the ten days preceding. From Fort Conner the 12th Missouri was ordered to Fort Laramie and from there to Julesburg. Colonel, where it remained on duty until some time in 1866, though most of the original muster had been, discharged from the service at the expiration of their term of enlistment.

Thirteenth Cavalry.—Colonels. E. C. Catherwood, Austin A. King; Lieut.-Colonels, Austin A. King, W. C. Lefever; Majors, C. B. McAfee, J. E. Mayo, W. C. Lefever, Samuel Shibley, J. M. Turley, W. L. Parker. The basis of this regiment was a detachment of veterans who had formerly belonged to the 6th Missouri state militia cavalry. The organization was authorized by the general commanding the department on July 22, 1864, but before it could be completed the detachment above referred to was ordered to the northwestern part of the state to suppress the guerrillas in Caldwell, Ray, Platte, Clay and Clinton counties. Colonel Catherwood returned to St. Louis to push forward the work of organizing, leaving Major King in command. After the bushwhackers had been run out of the counties already mentioned, King marched to Glasgow to meet the notorious Bill Anderson and his gang. Some time was then spent in scouting through Howard, Randolph, Monroe, Chariton and Callaway counties, killing and dispersing guerrillas and capturing a large number of horses, etc. On September 29, Captain Mayo, with 20 men, was left at Glasgow, while King, with the rest of his command, moved to Jefferson City to assist in defending that place against General Price. Mayo and his men were captured on October 10. In the meantime the regiment had been completed by reenlistments from the state militia, and on October 29 was at Newtonia. It passed the winter at Rolla, where it was engaged in doing scout duty and routing gangs of bushwhackers until May, 1865. It was then ordered to Fort Lamed, Kansas, except four companies, which were left at Rolla. Upon reaching Fort Riley, June 6, it was divided and sent to different parts of the state. Co. L was ordered to Republic county, B and D to Little Arkansas crossing; I, K and M to Cow Creek station; and E and G to Fort Zarah, all on the line of the Santa Fe road, the regimental headquarters being at Council Grove. On the last day of July nine companies were concentrated at Fort Zarah and marched from there to Fort Larned, where they reported to General Sanborn for service in an expedition against the Indians. The expedition was abandoned and the regiment, after some further duty in Kansas, was ordered to Denver, Colonel At the close of the year 1865 it was still on duty at Camp Wardwell, Colonel.

Fourteenth Cavalry.—Lieut.-Colonel, J. J. Gravelly; Majors, H. B. Milks. Robert W. Fyan, G. L. Robinson, John A. Payne. This regiment was authorized by an order from the war department in the fall of 1864, and recruiting was at once commenced from the reenlisted men of the Missouri state militia. The organization was never completed, however, owing to the suspension of the recruiting office. Only about 200 of the militia were enrolled up to February 1, 1865. when the war department directed the enlistment of volunteers for one, two and three years, and General Dodge, commanding the department, authorized Colonel Gravelly to complete the regimental organization. In April nine companies had been mustered in and were stationed at St. Louis and Springfield on garrison duty. Subsequently these companies were ordered to report to General Sanborn for service against the Indians along the Santa Fe road, but upon the abandonment of the expedition the regiment was returned to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where it was mustered out on October 26, 1865.

Fifteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, John D. Allen; Lieut.-Colonel, Benjamin D. Smith; Majors, W. B. Mitchell, Wick Morgan, J. M. Moore. This regiment was originally the 7th provisional regiment Enrolled Missouri militia, and was mustered into the U. S. service for a period of 20 months, dating from November 1, 1863, the order for the muster coming from the war department on June 10, 1864. The first order for the organization of the regiment came from the governor's office on March 12, 1863, and it was mustered into the state service on April 1, with 629 men. From that time until the following autumn it was on duty in the western part of the state, clearing the country of guerrillas and protecting the property of loyal citizens. In the months of September and October another battalion was added and the regiment fully organized and equipped as a cavalry regiment. It was the first to start in pursuit of the Confederate General Jo. Shelby, when he entered Missouri, following him as far north as the Osage river, and then back to the Arkansas line, signally defeating him in Barry county. After being mustered into the U. S. service it was attached to Sanborn's brigade and played a conspicuous part in the pursuit of the Confederate forces under General Price, during that officer's invasion of Missouri. Concerning the regiment the adjutant-general says in his report for 1865: "While they have not had the same opportunities as other regiments to win laurels on the field in open combat, they are none the less deserving the praise and lasting gratitude of Southwest Missouri, from the fact that they have constantly had to meet not the open enemy but the subtle, wily and intriguing guerrilla and bushwhacker, who make their assaults from the brush thicket and dense grove, leaving them but little chance for defense, and subjecting them to greater danger than those who have to meet the enemy with something like equal chances." The regiment was mustered out on July 1, 1865.

Sixteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, John F. McMahan: Lieut.-Colonels, John F. McMahan, Roswell K. Hart; Majors, John Small, John B. Waddill, R. K. Hart, J. L. Rush. This regiment, with twelve companies, aggregating over 1,100 men, was organized under the governor's order of March 12, 1863, calling for two provisional regiments of Enrolled Missouri militia, and was first known as the 6th regiment of that body of troops. Pursuant to the order of the war department of June 10, 1864, it was mustered into the U. S. service for a term of 20 months, dating from November 1, 1863. It was mustered in some time in August, 1864. and prior to that time had been on duty in Greene, Christian, Ozark, Douglas, Webster, Laclede and Texas counties, in the warfare against the guerrillas in that section. After being mustered into the Federal service it was attached to General Sanborn's brigade and took part in the campaign against General Price in his raid into Missouri. It was in the advance at Boonville and made a brilliant saber charge at the battle of the Big Blue. It was mustered out on July 1, 1865.

First Artillery.—Colonels, John V. Dubois, Warren L. Lothrop; Lieut.-Colonels, W. L. Lothrop, A. M. Powell; Majors, G. H. Stone, Frederick Welker, Nelson Cole, David Murphy, Charles Mann, A. M. Powell, Thomas D. Maurice. This regiment was first organized as the 1st Missouri infantry in April, 1861. As an infantry regiment it took part in the capture of. Camp Jackson, at St. Louis, and the battles of Boonville and Wilson's creek. On September 18, 1861, it was reorganized as an artillery regiment. One battalion—Cos. E, F and G—participated in General Fremont's campaign in southwest Missouri. The 2nd battalion—Cos. D, H and K—was ordered south on February 1, 1862, and fought with General Grant's army at Fort Donelson and Shiloh and then followed that intrepid commander to Corinth. In the battle of that place on October 3-4, 1862, it was charged several times, but these charges were repulsed or the battalion withdrew in good order, only to take a new position and renew the fight. The 3d battalion was also with Grant during the latter part of this campaign and distinguished itself by its accurate fire and stubborn resistance to the enemy. Meanwhile the 1st battalion was not idle. In the numerous engagements with the guerrillas under Quantrill, Jackman, Freeman, Reeves, Coffee and others this portion of the 1st Missouri artillery was always ready. Sometimes working as a battalion, often by battery, still oftener by sections, and sometimes by a single gun, it was a terror to the desperadoes. At the battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, the 1st Missouri won the commendation of General Blunt for its effective service. Soon after this the battalion was ordered to St. Louis, where its equipments were renewed, after which it was sent to Vicksburg and remained there until after the surrender of that place. Soon after the battle of Corinth the 2nd and 3d battalions were broken up and the batteries separated. During the year 1864 Cos. A and B were with the Army of the Gulf, taking part in all the maneuvers of that army in Louisiana; Cos. C and H were sent to General Sherman and fought in most of the engagements of the Atlanta campaign; Cos. D and G were stationed at Huntsville and Chattanooga; Co. £ was mustered out at Brownsville, Texas; Co. F spent the year in Texas and Louisiana; Co. I was mustered out at Kingston, Georgia; Co. K was stationed at Little Rock, Arkansas, where it took part in several expeditions into the surrounding country; Co. L was stationed at Springfield, Missouri; and Co. M was in Mississippi, taking part in the Meridian, Red River and Tupelo expeditions. In 1865 Co. H was with Sherman in the campaign of the Carolinas, and Cos. A and F participated in the reduction of Mobile and Montgomery, Alabama. From Wilson's creek, August 10, 1861. to Bentonville, N. C, March 21, 1865, the 1st Missouri was represented in nearly 100 battles, besides numerous skirmishes. The thunder of its guns was heard at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Champion's Hill, Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Nashville and on every field it acquitted itself with credit and won the praise of the commanding officers under whom it served. It fought in nine different states, and when the call came for reënlistments its men were among the first to respond. The last of the regiment was mustered out on August 23, 1865.

Second Artillery.—Colonel, Henry Almstedt; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph Weydemeyer; Majors, Theodore Wilkins, Dominick Urban. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1861 and was on service within the state until it was reorganized in February 1864. The officers under the reorganization were as follows: Colonel, Nelson Cole; Lieut.-Colonel, G. W. Schofield; Majors, Frank Backof, C. Landgraeber, John W. Robb, Gustave Stange, John J. Sutter. In June, 1864, it was equipped and mounted as a regiment of light artillery, and the different batteries were soon afterward scattered over the country. Battery A was at Cape Girardeau until June 11, when it was ordered to St. Louis and remained there until October, when it took part in Price's raid, after which it was attached to the 1st division, 16th corps, and with General A. J. Smith proceeded to Nashville, where it assisted in the defeat and pursuit of General Hood's army. Battery B acted as garrison at New Madrid until the latter part of April, when it was ordered to Springfield, Missouri In June it was moved to Rolla, thence to St. Louis, and participated in the pursuit of Price. It went into winter quarters at Franklin on November 21, 1864. Battery C left Cape Girardeau on May 8 and went to St. Louis, where it received new equipments and from that time until the close of the year was on duty in various parts of the state. It also participated in the work of driving Price from Missouri. Battery D spent the year in the vicinity of Rolla, Pilot Knob, Batesville, Arkansas, Jacksonport and Devall's Bluff, and was engaged with the Confederates under General Jo. Shelby at several points. Battery E was stationed at Little Rock, and formed part of the forces of General Steele's Camden expedition. Battery F was assigned to the 1st division, 15th corps, about May 1, and remained with that command during the Atlanta campaign, being in the engagements at Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, Dallas, and about Atlanta. In October it marched back to Resaca, engaging the enemy at several points on the way, and was later ordered to Nashville, where it was attached to the artillery reserve. Battery G left Cape Girardeau in August and went to Memphis, Tennessee, where it was attached to the 1st brigade and participated in the repulse and pursuit of the Confederates under General Forrest. It was then with an expedition up the Tennessee river, after which it returned to Memphis, where it remained for the rest of the year. Battery H was on duty in Missouri and was one of the artillery organizations that was engaged in the pursuit of Price. During the raid it consumed 1,700 rounds of ammunition, which shows that it was not idle. Battery I was on duty at Rolla, New Madrid, St. Louis and Franklin until in November, when it was ordered to Paducah, Kentucky, where it was attached to General A. J. Smith's command and moved to Nashville, where it fought with the 16th corps in the defeat of Hood's army. Battery K was on duty all the year in Missouri and was not in any serious engagements with the enemy. Battery L remained about Sedalia and Warrensburg until September 24, when it was ordered to Jefferson City, and participated on the campaign against Price. Battery M was stationed at Camp Gamble, near St. Louis, until August 16, when it was ordered to Springfield, and remained on duty in that part of the state until November 13, when it went into winter quarters at Franklin. During the year 1865 Batteries B, C, D, E, H, K, L and M formed part of the Powder river expedition against the Indians, which left Omaha, Nebraska, July 2. Batteries A, F and I were on duty at Johnsonville, Tennessee, until ordered to St. Louis for muster out in the latter part of August. The several batteries were mustered out at different times and places, M being the last to be discharged at St. Louis, December 20, 1865.

First Engineers.—Colonel, Henry Flad; Lieut.-Colonel, William Tweedale; Majors, Hamilton Dill, Fred C. Nichols, Eben M. Hill. The regiment was originally organized in the summer of 1861, and was known as Bissell's engineer regiment of the West, the first officers being as follows: Colonel, J. W. Bissell; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles E. Adams; Major, M. S. Hasie. Under special orders, No. 520, of the war department, dated November 22, 1863, the 25th Missouri infantry and "Bissell's" regiment were consolidated into the 1st Missouri engineers. The regiment was at Nashville, Tennessee, during the early part of the year 1864, and in March and April completed about 20 miles of the Nashville & Northwestern railroad, including several large bridges and trestles. It then constructed small forts at Johnsonville and Waverly and a line of blockhouses along the railroad. About the middle of September it was ordered to report to General Howard in front of Atlanta. It participated in the flank movement to Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station, and after the evacuation of Atlanta constructed an inner line of fortifications about that city. In October the number had been reduced from 1,360 to 600, and on the last day of that month it was consolidated into a battalion of five companies. This battalion accompanied General Sherman on the march to the sea, building fortifications at various places and looking after the pontoons of the army. In the campaign through the Carolinas it had charge of the pontoons of the Army of the Tennessee, often bridging the streams under the fire of the enemy's guns. The regiment was present at the destruction of Columbia, S. C, the battles of Fayetteville, Bentonville, and Goldsboro, N. C, after which it went to Washington, D. C, where it took part in the grand review. From Washington the regiment went to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was inspected by General Reace, inspector-general of the Army of the Tennessee, and on July 22, 1865, it was mustered out of the service of the United States and ordered to St. Louis, where it was finally discharged on the 24th. It will be remembered that Governor Jackson refused to respond to the first call for troops, and that Captain Lyon was authorized to not only muster the quota assigned to Missouri, but was subsequently directed to increase the enlistments to "not exceeding 10.000 men." Under this order five regiments, known as the "Reserve corps" were mustered into service. These regiments were as follows:

First U. S. Reserve Corps.—Colonel, Henry Almstedt; Lieut.-Colonel, R. J. Rombauer; Major, P. J. Brimmer. This regiment was mustered in on May 7, 1861; took part in the capture of Camp Jackson; marched with Lyon to Jefferson City; part of it was engaged in guarding railroad property; part was in the battles of Boonville, Carthage and Wilson's creek, and a detachment was stationed for a while at Bird's Point. It was mustered out on August 20, 1861.

Second U. S. Reserve Corps.—Colonel Herman Kallmann; Lieut.-Colonel, T. Fiala; Major, Julius Rapp. The 2nd was mustered in at St. Louis, ay 7, 1861, was at the capture of Camp Jackson and then engaged in guarding the North Missouri and Iron Mountain railroads until its muster out on August 16, 1861.

Third U. S. Reserve Corps.—Colonel, John McNeil; Lieut.-Colonel, C. A. Fritz; Major, C. W. Marsh. This regiment was organized at Turner hall in the city of St. Louis early in the year 1861, and on May 8 was mustered into the U. S. service. It participated in the capture of Camp Jackson, and in July three companies were sent to southwest Missouri, the remaining seven companies being sent to north Missouri to disperse a force under General Harris. It was mustered out on August 18, 1861.

Fourth U. S. Reserve Corps.—Colonel, B. Gratz Brown; Lieut.-Colonel, Rudolph Wesseling; Major, S. B. Shaw. This regiment was organized by 'Colonel Brown and was mustered into the service of the United States on May 8, 1861. After the capture of Camp Jackson it was ordered to Rolla, and later reinforced General Sigel at Waynesville. On July 17 it returned to St. Louis and was immediately ordered to Pilot Knob to reinforce the troops under General Grant. It was mustered out on August 18, 1861.

Fifth U. S. Reserve Corps.—Colonel, Charles G. Stifel; Lieut.-Colonel, Robert White; Major, John J. Fisher. This regiment was mustered in at the U. S. arsenal in St. Louis, by Captain Lyon, May 11, 1861, and is the regiment that was fired on by the mob as it was returning to its quarters. It was on guard duty and drill at the barracks until June 15, when three companies were sent to Jefferson City to suppress an insurrection in the penitentiary, and the rest of the regiment was used to escort supplies to General Lyon at Boonville. On July 9 it reached Lexington, where it organized the home guards, imprisoned a number of the secession leaders and captured 5 cannon and a quantity of powder. It then skirmished with the enemy at various places and returned to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on August 31, 1861.

Besides the organizations above recorded there were fully as many men enlisted in the state service. Of the Missouri militia there were 84 regiments and 7 battalions of infantry; 14 regiments and 2 battalions of cavalry, and a light battery. The Enrolled militia numbered 89 regiments, 7 battalions and several independent companies. Almost every county had its company of home guards, and these several bodies of troops worked together for the preservation of the Union, the protection of the property of loyal citizens, and the suppression of guerrilla warfare. They were frequently under the command of United States officers, temporarily, but as they were never regularly mustered into the Federal service no detailed account of their organization and movements is given in this work.


LEO RASSIEUR

Captain Leo Rassieur, a prominent attorney of St. Louis, Missouri, and associate editor for that state, was born…April 19, 1844, his parents being Theodore and Margaret (Klauck) Rassieur. The mother died in Prussia in 1845 and in 1851 Leo came with his father to St. Louis. In 1860 he graduated at the central high school there, his intention at that time being to become a civil engineer. In March 1861, he made his maiden public speech at a meeting of German citizens in the western part of the city, when he entered a vigorous protest against a series of resolutions (previously prepared) committing the Germans to a neutral policy, and after, a stormy scene succeeded by his impassioned eloquence in defeating the resolutions. Soon after this he enlisted as a private in Co. B, 1st regiment, U. S. reserve corps, Missouri volunteer infantry, and was mustered in for three months. On May 7 he was made orderly sergeant and served for a short time under General Grant at Bird's Point. In September, 1861, he reenlisted for three years as a private in Co. E of the same regiment, but was immediately elected first lieutenant of his company and served in that capacity through General Fremont's campaign in southwestern Missouri. As assistant post adjutant at Warsaw, Missouri, he found the money of the branch state bank, which had been hidden by the directors, and turned it over to the proper authorities. Owing to a severe illness he was discharged April 20, 1862, but on August 18 he reentered the service as captain of Co. K, 30th Missouri infantry, and also served as drill-master at Benton barracks. Later he was in command at Fort Curtis, Arcadia, where he received orders to join General Sherman's army, then near Helena, Arkansas. He fought at the battles of … Arkansas Post; took part in the Greenville … from Young's point to Hard Times … in the siege of Vicksburg. Subsequently … lieutenant at Vidalia, La.; was tendered the … officer by General Slocum; served as judge-advocate … division of the 19th corps; aided in the … of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile, Alabama; was placed in command of Fort Tracy there until June, 1865, when he accompanied his regiment to Texas. In September, 1864, he was commissioned major of the regiment, and was mustered out at Alleyton, Texas, August 21, 1865. After his return to St. Louis he studied law and was engaged in active practice until 1894, when he was elected judge of the probate court for a term of four years. For ten years he was attorney for the St. Louis school board, and was for four years vice-president of the board. Major Rassieur has always taken a deep interest in the welfare of the Grand Army of the Republic and on August 20, 1900, was elected commander-in-chief at Chicago. He is a member of several clubs and societies in St. Louis, and has been honored with the degree of LL.D. by McKendree college. On July 9, 1872, Major Rassieur married Miss Mary C. Kammerer, a native of Wheeling, W. Virginia, and a daughter of Christian and Catharine Kammerer.