Union Regiments by State

Michigan

Source: The Union Army, Vol. III. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.


Military Affairs in Michigan
1861-65

Michigan felt little anxiety over the situation in 1860-61. Her people were loyal to the core and resented the attempts to fasten upon the North and West the chains of slavery, but they could not comprehend that the slave power contemplated open revolt or an attack upon the government. It required the secession of the Southern states to arouse them to a sense of the danger menacing the nation, and even then it was believed to be but a threat. Lincoln's inaugural address was so conciliatory in tone that it was the general belief the erring sister states would return. It was only when Sumter lay in ruins that the people of Michigan awoke to a realization of conditions. But they arose to the occasion manfully.

The state was fortunate in its selection of an executive, Governor Austin Blair being one of the rugged, powerful men of his day, clear of perception, with a strong mentality and excellent judgment. He was one of that type brought forward by the exigencies of the times immediately preceding the war, whose personality impressed itself upon the pages of history for all time.

Although Wisconsin had preceded Michigan in the calling of a Republican convention, in 1854, it was Michigan that held the first assemblage and adopted the name. Several gatherings had been held to protest against the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, and on February 22, 1854, the Free Democracy had nominated a state ticket, adopted a platform denouncing the act and declaring against slavery. The passage of the bill aroused a storm of indignation, and a mass convention was held at Kalamazoo June 21, followed by another at Jackson on July 6, which led to the dissolution of the Free Democrat, Free-Soil and Whig parties, as well as the state ticket nominated in February. Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, had noted the agitation, and in a letter to one of the leading members of the convention of July 6 suggested that the new party take the name Republican. This was adopted unanimously. The convention was held in the open, "under the oaks," at Jackson, a ticket headed by Kinsley S. Bingham was nominated, and at the fall election it was triumphantly elected. The state returned Republican majorities in 1856, 1858 and 1860, chose Lincoln electors in the last mentioned year, and named Austin Blair as her chief executive, who succeeded Governor Wisner at the beginning of 1861. The latter was apprehensive of the future and in his farewell address to the legislature of 1861, spoke in no uncertain terms as to the duty of the state, saying: "This is no time for timid and vacillating councils, when the cry of treason and rebellion is ringing in our ears. * * * The constitution, as our fathers made it, is good enough for us and must be enforced upon every foot of American soil. * * * For upwards of 30 years this question of the right of a state to secede has been agitated. It is time it was settled. We ought not to leave it for our children to look after." Governor Wisner afterwards led the 22nd Michigan infantry as its colonel and died at Lexington, Kentucky, January 4, 1863, a martyr to the patriotism and principles he had ever held.

Governor Blair, in his inaugural address, left no room for doubt as to his position or his fitness for the duties upon which he was entering, saying, in part: "We are satisfied with the constitution of our country, and will obey the laws enacted under it, and we must demand that the people of all the other states do the same; safety lies in this path alone. The Union must be preserved and the laws must be enforced in all parts of it at whatever cost. * * * Secession is revolution, and revolution in the overt act is treason and must be treated as such. It is a question of war that the seceding states have to look in the face. They who think that this powerful government can be disrupted peacefully have read history to no purpose. The sons of the men who carried arms in the seven years war with the most powerful nation in the world, to establish this government, will not hesitate to make equal sacrifices to maintain it. * * * I recommend you at an early day to make manifest to the gentlemen who represent this state in the two houses of Congress, and to the country, that Michigan is loyal to the Union, the constitution, and the laws, and will defend them to the uttermost; and to proffer to the president of the United States the whole military power of the state for that purpose. Oh! for the firm, steady hand of a Washington, or a Jackson to guide the ship of state in this perilous storm. Let us hope that we shall find him on the 4th of March. Meantime, let us abide in the faith of our fathers—"Liberty and Union, one and inseparable, now and forever.'"

The legislature was not slow in showing to the people of the state that it could be depended upon in an emergency, for on February 2, 1861, it adopted joint resolutions, declaring the adherence of the state to the government of the United States; pledging and tendering all its military power and resources; declaring that concession to, or compromise with, traitors, was not to be offered or entertained, and in all succeeding acts or words the legislative body of that state spoke in decided, ringing words, with no hint of timidity or vacillation. At the nation's capitol, the state was equally fortunate, her representatives being men of influence, cast in heroic mould, holding the reputation of the state in highest esteem, and anxious for her welfare and that of the country.

No definite action was taken until word was received of the firing on Sumter, followed by the first call for troops. The news was as a trumpet call "to arms." Governor Blair issued a proclamation April 16, calling for ten companies of volunteers, and proceeded to Detroit to attend a meeting held there that afternoon. Michigan's quota was one regiment of infantry, to be fully clothed, armed and equipped, and it was estimated that $100,000 would be necessary for this purpose. The treasury was comparatively empty and the state was in no condition to meet the requirements promptly. This being made known, a resolution was passed at the Detroit meeting, pledging the city to a loan of $50,000 to the state, and calling upon the state for a like amount. Those present pledged $23,000, and in a very short time $81,020 had been subscribed. This enabled the state treasurer, Hon. John Owen, to negotiate a loan, chiefly from the state's own citizens, sufficient for the needs of the hour, and this, together with all subsequent indebtedness of a like nature, was assumed by the state.

Some feeble attempts had been made for years to form a state militia, but these efforts had met with little response from either the people or the legislature, and only after long, persistent efforts had those interested succeeded in securing an annual appropriation of $3,000 for military purposes. In the face of such discouragements, twenty-eight companies had been formed with an aggregate strength of 1,241 officers and men, poorly armed and equipped. To the efforts of Colonel F. W. Curtenius, then adjutant-general of the state, Michigan was largely indebted for whatever preparedness she exhibited at the outset in the possession of militia. These companies formed the nucleus for a number of the first regiments sent forward in response to the several calls of 1861 for troops.

The response to the governor's proclamation was prompt, the first regiment being mustered in May 1. More troops were offered than were needed and the formation of the 2nd regiment was at once begun. It was mustered in May 25. Both of these regiments were three months troops, but were subsequently reorganized as three years regiments.

A special session of the legislature convened at Lansing, early in May in answer to a call from the governor, who addressed them with reference to the work already accomplished, requested that it be legalized, and the state authorities be given sufficient power to act in any emergency. It required but four days to accomplish the work required. All the acts of the governor were endorsed, he was authorized to raise ten regiments, and the necessary steps were taken to effect a state loan of $1,000,000. Realizing also the hardships imposed by the enlistments of men of family, and the sacrifices made in many such cases, the legislature passed the "Soldiers' Relief Law," by which the family of a soldier in need might receive aid to the extent of $15 per month. The amounts varied, it being left to the discretion of the supervisors of townships to determine what assistance should be given. In case of the death of a soldier, his family received aid for one year following his decease. This relief was administered in generous spirit, and, though criticism was unavoidable and in some individual cases justified, perhaps, on the whole it was very satisfactory to the people for whom it was intended. Imposition had to be guarded against, delicacy and tact were needed, and good judgment was required to place aid where it was justly deserved.

A military relief board was organized May 15 to cooperate with the quartermaster-general, J. H. Fountain, who had been appointed in March, in the matter of subsisting, clothing and equipping the troops. This board consisted of Colonels E. O. Grosvenor, Jerome Croul and William Hammond. General Hammond succeeded General Fountain as quartermaster-general Jin March, 1863. Friend Palmer was appointed assistant quartermaster-general in May, bringing to the office invaluable knowledge gained in the quartermaster's department of the regular army.

At the beginning of the war General John Robertson held the position of adjutant-general and continued to do so for a quarter of a century. He was assisted first by Captain Heber Le Favour, who resigned June 15, 1861, to become a captain in the 5th Michigan infantry. His successor was Captain De Garmo Jones, who served until May fi 1862, and he was followed by Colonel Frederick Morley, who served until March n, 1865. A state military board was also formed, consisting of Colonel A. W. Williams, Colonel H. M. Whittlesy, General A. S. Williams and Colonel C. W. Leffingwell, with the adjutant-general and quartermaster-general as members ex-officio. Colonel Williams accompanied the 2nd Michigan infantry to the front and was succeeded by Colonel William M. Fenton, who in turn entered the service as colonel of the 8th Michigan infantry and was followed by Colonel E. H. Thomas. General O. N. Giddings succeeded General William Hammond in March, 1865. Colonel James E. Pittman was appointed state paymaster in May, 1861, and inspector-general of the state, November 1, 1862. All the officials named entered upon their duties with determination and to the organization of these forces is traceable the promptness with which Michigan met every demand.

Authority having been given by the war department, the 3d and 4th regiments were called into being, both mustering in June 10, 1861. Many companies were being organized, and great disappointment was felt when the government declined to take any more regiments. Governor Blair differed with the war department in belief as to the duration of the war, established a camp of instruction, and encouraged the formation of additional companies. To such good purpose did he act that when in August the president was authorized to receive 500,000 volunteers, Michigan was enabled to respond promptly with well-drilled troops, sending into the field during 1861, thirteen regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, and five batteries of artillery, a total strength of 16,475 officers and men, besides thirteen companies, which had gone into service in regiments of other states, having failed to find service in those of their own. Ten of these regiments, one battery and one company had been partly armed and wholly clothed and subsisted by the state. All these organizations were well officered, Governor Blair making careful selections in the face of tremendous pressure for the appointment of men unfitted for the positions.

When the legislature met in January, 1862, the governor in his message said, in part: "The Southern rebellion still maintains a bold front against the Union armies. That is the cause of all our complications abroad and our troubles at home. The people of Michigan are no idle spectators of this great contest. They have furnished all the troops required of them and are preparing to pay the taxes and to submit to the most onerous burdens without a murmur. They are ready to increase their sacrifices, if need be, to require impossibilities of no man, to be patient and wait. But to see the vast armies of the republic, and all its pecuniary resources used to protect and sustain the accursed system which has been a perpetual and tyrannical disturber, and which now makes sanguinary war upon the Union and the constitution, is precisely what they will never submit to tamely. * * * Upon those who caused the war and now maintain it, its chief burdens ought to fall. No property of a rebel ought to be free from confiscation—not even the sacred slave. * * * The time for gentle dalliance has long since passed away. We meet an enemy, vindictive, bloodthirsty, and cruel, profoundly in earnest, inspired with an energy and self-sacrifice which would honor a good cause, respecting neither laws, constitutions, nor historic memories, fanatically devoted only to his one wicked purpose to destroy the government and establish his slave-holding oligarchy in its stead. To treat this enemy gently is to excite his derision. To protect his slave property is to help him butcher our people and burn our houses. No! He must be met with an activity and a purpose equal to his own. Hurl the Union forces, which outnumber him two to one, upon his whole line like a thunderbolt; pay them out of his property, feed them from his granaries, mount them upon his horses, carry them in his wagons, if he has any, and let him feel the full force of the storm of war which he has raised. Just a little of the courage and ability which carried Napoleon over the Alps, dragging his cannon through the snow, would quickly settle this contest and settle it right."

In reply to this, the legislature passed a joint resolution, declaring Michigan's hostility to traitors, her confidence in the national administration, and her belief in the right of the government to employ all means in its power to suppress the rebellion, even to the point of sweeping slavery from the land.

At this time, five regiments and three batteries were being organized, and the recruiting was pushed with such vigor that all had left the state by the end of March. In addition to these, a Lancer regiment, three companies of sharpshooters and a company for guard service at Mackinac had been organized and mustered in. By July 1, 1862, fully 27,000 men had been enrolled in the state. This included the Lancer regiment, a particularly fine body of horsemen, principally from Canada, fully equipped with the exception of horses, and the "Chandler Horse Guard," a four-company battalion, fully equipped and mounted. These two organizations were not accepted by the government, and were disbanded before leaving the state. The enlistments without these two organizations numbered 25,734, including 2,028 recruits for organizations then in the field, an excess of several thousand over the state's proportion.

Enlistments dragged after the disastrous Peninsular campaign, and to stimulate the patriotism of the people public meetings were held. One of these, held in Detroit July 15, was set upon by a mob, whose members drove every speaker and officer from the stand, pursuing them into the Russell House and other places near by. This exhibition of treason aroused the lethargic spirit of the people and a week later an immense gathering was held, at which pledges of patriotism, means and persistent support were given, and measures taken for recruiting the regiments. Resolutions were adopted, favoring the raising of means, both by the city government and by citizens; treason was roundly denounced; enthusiastic addresses were made and loudly applauded by thousands of all conditions and walks of life—acres of ground being crowded by patriotic people. Bounties of from $10 to $30 were offered by individuals for enlistments in their respective wards; one laboring man offered $50 towards raising half a company in his ward; another offered $1 each to every man who enlisted from the city of Detroit.

The influence of this meeting was far-reaching. The 17th and 24th regiments were in process of organization at the time, and one each had been assigned to the six congressional districts under the call of July 2 for 500,000, the president issuing a proclamation at that time in response to the urgent advice of the governors of the loyal states. Of the number, Michigan's quota was n,686. Under the influence of this meeting, these regiments were speedily recruited, five were mustered in during August, and three in September, the last, the 19th, on September 25.

Men of all classes became either recruits or recruiting officers, ministers of the gospel urged on the work and in many instances joined the ranks themselves. The adjutant-general's office was besieged for instruction and authority to recruit, and as soon as camp grounds could be prepared, recruits came by detachments and companies. The people of Detroit and Wayne county raised the 24th regiment from their own citizens, Henry A. Morrow, colonel.

So great was the rush that at the completion of the eight regiments noted, so many more companies had been raised than were required, that on August 20 an order was issued for recruiting the 25th and 26th. The former was mustered in September 22, and the latter on December 12. In addition to these, the government gave permission to raise three regiments of cavalry and these were all mustered in during the fall of 1862.

On August 4 another call was made for a further force of 300,000 men and an order was made by the war department for a draft. Michigan's quota was placed as before at n,686, but with the provision that if the volunteers for old and new regiments under the call of July 2 exceeded the number at that time called for, such excess might be deducted from the number to be drafted.

Governor Blair gave orders for a census by counties, the adjutant-general issuing orders determining the number to be raised in each. So numerous were the obstacles and so great the antipathy towards a draft that the governor was allowed his own discretion as to the time for enforcing it. Vigorous measures were put forth to secure the number by enlistment; substantial bounties were offered to such purpose that when the draft was finally made in February, 1863, but 1,278 men were needed. Of these 710 were sent into barracks at Detroit, 545 of whom afterward went into the field, a few deserted, and others were discharged for various causes. Of the 545 men drafted for nine months, 430 were induced to enlist for three years.

During September, 1862, three companies were offered from the upper peninsula and the 27th regiment was ordered organized. Soon afterward the 28th was authorized. Recruiting being somewhat slow, the two were united as the 27th and mustered in the following April. Authority was also given for raising three regiments of cavalry and for the recruiting of a regiment of sharpshooters. The government authorized advance bounty and a vigorous effort was made to fill up the ranks.

The report of the adjutant-general at the close of 1862 showed a total enrollment of 45,569 since the beginning of the war. This did not include fully 1,400, known to have gone into regiments of other states, nor several hundred who had gone into the regular army. The deeds of Michigan's men had been heralded far and wide, and when the legislature met in January, 1863, Governor Blair suggested that it would be only right to, "in some appropriate way, place upon the enduring records of the state its appreciation of the valor and patriotic devotion of these brave men."

This was done, the thanks of the state being tendered them, and the assurance given that "while Michigan thus holds them forth as examples of emulation to the sold1ers of other states, she is also proudly grateful to them for the renown which their noble deeds have shed upon her name." That body also declared itself as opposed to any terms of compromise, or anything but "unconditional surrender and obedience to the laws and constitution of the Union."

The quartermaster-general was authorized to pay $50 bounty, from March 6, 1863, and the action of townships, cities and counties, in raising bounties for volunteers was legalized. An appropriation of $20,000 was made for the care of sick or wounded soldiers and in payment of services of agents to look after their general needs. Six agents were appointed, and their efforts went far to alleviate suffering among Michigan's contingent.

In accordance with the act, passed by Congress in March, 1863, for "enrolling and calling out the national forces," an enrollment was made during the summer, by Congressional districts, of all who came under the provisions of the act. The result showed 80,038 in the first class, viz: "all persons subject to do military duty between the ages of 20 and 35 years, and all unmarried persons subject to do military duty above the age of 35 and under the age of 45." The second class, comprising "all other persons subject to do military duty," numbered 40,226. It was provided that in making a draft 50 per cent, should be added to the number required, to cover exemptions and other losses. On the completion of the enrollment a draft of one-fifth of the first class was ordered, the number subject to such modifications as might be produced by adjusting the accounts of each state under previous calls. The war department had given a credit for a surplus of 4,403 men supplied by Michigan. Examination into the records by the adjutant-general resulted in a credit of 9,518 being given. The total number drafted during the fall and winter was 6,383. Of these, 261 were sent to the rendezvous at Grand Rapids, 643 furnished substitutes (of whom 43 deserted), 1,626 paid $300 commutation money, 596 were exempted for physical disability, 330 as aliens, 204 for unsuitableness of age, and 1,069 failed to report. A total of $487,000 was paid to the bounty fund by men drafted, as commutation money.

In October the war department offered to recruiting agents $15 for each recruit, a bounty of $302 for each new volunteer, and $402 to reenlisting veterans. Under this stimulus recruiting proceeded with new vigor. Another call was made October 17 for 300,000 men, Michigan's quota being placed at n,298, and the governor's proclamation calling for energetic action to avoid a draft met with a cordial response. At the end of the year 1863 an aggregate of 53,749 had been mustered in. The offer of the government to accept reenlistment of soldiers with the title of "veteran" was accepted by 5,545 men, so divided as to retain the organizations of the 1st, 2nd and 3d cavalry: 2nd, 5th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th infantry; 6th heavy artillery (formerly the 6th infantry), and batteries B, C and E, 1st light artillery. (See Records of the Regiments.)

In February, 1864, the legislature authorized the payment of a bounty of $50 from November 11, 1863, to February 4, 1864, to reenlisted veterans, and of $100 to all soldiers enlisting or reenlisting after that date until May 14, following. At the same time townships, wards and cities were empowered to raise money by taxation for the payment of bounties to volunteers, not exceeding $200.

On February 14 an order was issued for a draft on March 1o, for 500,000, this being an extension of the order of October 17, preceding, for 200,000 men, credit to be allowed for all enlistments or drafts not credited at the time of the previous order. A subsequent order postponed the draft until April 15 to permit of enlistments as far as possible. An act, approved July 4, allowed the recruit to enlist for one, two or three years, and limited the term of men drafted to one year. The president's proclamation of July 18 called for 500,000 men under these modifications and directed that credits be allowed for all furnished in excess of all previous calls. It was directed that a draft should be made immediately after September 5 for one year troops to make up for deficiencies existing at that date. Governor Blair promptly issued a proclamation directing attention to the provisions and suggesting that, so far as practicable, a recruit might select the regiment with which he would serve, so long as such regiment was below the maximum number, going for one, two or three years as he might elect, if he chose one of the regiments in the field, and to receive $100, $200, or $300 as bounty from the government, according to the term of enlistment. If in a new regiment, he must enlist for three years or during the war. Six new regiments were authorized, one for each Congressional district. The quota, after making all credits, was a little more than 12,000.

On July 26 Colonel J. W. Hall was authorized to reorganize the 4th infantry, which had been mustered out, and Adrian, in the 1st district, was made the rendezvous. On the 29th Colonel M. B. Houghton was authorized to recruit the 3d infantry, -whose term had also expired, with headquarters at Grand Rapids and the 4th district as his field. The same day, Hon. John F. Griggs was authorized to organize the 31st infantry, headquarters at Saginaw, with the 6th district from which to recruit. On August 9 Hon. S. S. Lacey was made commandant of a camp at Marshall, in the 3d district, for the organization of the 29th infantry. The 2nd district was assigned to Hon. W. B„ Williams, for the organization of the 28th infantry, with camp at Kalamazoo. Major John Atkinson was stationed at Pontiac and authorized to organize the 30th infantry. Although recruiting progressed rapidly, it was found impossible to complete the organization of these regiments ahead of the proposed draft. Seven companies raised at Pontiac for the 30th, were distributed between the 3d and 4th. The 3d received four companies, was mustered in with 879 officers and men and left for Nashville, Tennessee, October 20. The 4th received three companies, was mustered in with 726 officers and men and left the state October 22. Those recruited for the 28th and 29th were consolidated as the 28th and left for Nashville October 26, with 886 officers and men. The 6th district regiment, raised as the 31st, was designated the 29th and took its departure for Nashville October 6, with 856 officers and men.

In addition to the recruiting operations a draft was made June 10, 1864, for filling the deficiencies under all former calls, including October 17, 1863, February 1 and Mar. 14, 1864. Another draft was made September 20 to supply deficiencies under the call of July 18. As a result of all these efforts, 20,041 had enlisted during the first ten months of the year, 1,956 were drafted, 5,445 veterans were reenlisted, and 430 had enlisted in the navy. The total credits were 27,972 for the ten months ending October 31, less 356 who had paid commutation—actual number, 27,616. This gave the state a total credit of 83,347 from the beginning of the war. The term of service of the nth infantry expired in September, and authority was given Colonel W. L. Stoughton to reorganize it with camp at Sturgis. It became apparent that the state was exposed to raids and depredations by southern sympathizers living in Canada, and Major-General Hooker recommended that a regiment of twelve months volunteers be raised for duty along the Detroit and St. Clair rivers. The war department at once issued orders for the organization of the 30th regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel G. S. Wormer of the 8th cavalry being appointed colonel, with rendezvous at Jackson, and later at Detroit.

Governor Blair retired from office January 4, 1865, with the respect and esteem of the people of the state. His terms of office had been peculiarly trying ones, including the severest years of the war, with many perplexing problems to solve. But in every crisis he had risen to the occasion and shown unusual ability, honor and integrity. No task was too great, no trial too grave for him, and he passed into the ranks of private citizenship, followed by the good wishes of all. In his farewell address to the legislature, he said: "Again, and for the last time, I commend the Michigan troops to your continued care and support. They have never failed in their duty to the country or to the state. Upon every great battle-field of the war their shouts have been heard and their sturdy blows have been delivered for the Union and victory. Their hard-earned fame is the treasure of every household in the state, and the red blood of their veins has been poured out in large measure to redeem the rebellious South from its great sin and curse. * * * In every situation their bravery has won the approval of their commanders, and their heroic endurance of hardships has added luster to their names."

Governor-elect Henry H. Crapo succeeded Mr. Blair, and brought to the position great patriotism, marked ability, and unusual physical and mental energy. In his inaugural message to the legislature, he paid high tribute to the soldiers and commended them to the sympathy of the legislature, saying: "They have done heroic deeds on every battle-field; they have won a name for undaunted courage in every conflict with a deadly and persistent foe; they have endured hardships and privations without a murmur, and their loyalty and patriotism have never yet been tarnished."

A call was made by the president December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, and an enrollment was made of the counties of the state, December 31, showing 77,999 men from whom Michigan's quota of 10,010 was to be drafted February 15, unless the deficiency was met by enlistment, this call being made because of a deficiency under the call of July 18, 1863. It was apparent that the state had not been properly credited, and considerable correspondence followed in an effort to adjust matters. Michigan's entire quota under the call of July 18 was but 15,760, after the enrollment had been amended, and she had enlisted 16,187. Instead of a deficiency, the state had a surplus of 427. The evident need of the nation was such that the claim was waived and the state proceeded to fill her quota. The nth regiment took the field by detachments in March, with 898 officers and men. The legislature had authorized a bounty of $150 to be paid by the state and this was paid until May 14 following. The success of the Union army during the fall of 1864 and the winter and spring of 1865 brought the war to a close and orders were at once issued to cease recruiting and drafting. The adjutant-general's department showed that Michigan had enlisted and drafted 90,747 men, though the provost marshal-general gave credit for only 90,048. Of these, 1,661 were colored, 145 were Indians, and 14,393 were foreign-born, representing nearly all countries of Northern Europe, France and French dominions, Spain and Spanish-America. The amount paid by drafted citizens of Michigan as commutation money was $594,600.

Michigan's part in the care of suffering soldiers was a creditable one. Her surgeons were ready at all times to meet the exigencies of the times and many of her own soldiers, as well as those of other states, owed their lives to the promptness and solicitude shown by her medical men and the agents appointed by the governor. The legislature of 1863 appropriated $20,000 for the work, and in 1865 an additional sum of $25,000. General Joseph K. Barnes was appointed surgeon-general, and his selection proved to be a happy one. After the battle of Gettysburg, 33 surgeons, with their assistants, left for the scene, with a quantity of sanitary stores, prepared in large part by the women of the state. No distinction was made in treating the wounded, the wounded Confederate also receiving careful attention. After the engagement at Perryville in 1862, several thousand sick and wounded Confederates were in the hospitals at Harrodsburg, Kentucky. Surgeon William H. DeCamp of the Michigan engineers and mechanics was detailed as medical director, in charge of all the hospitals at that point, and his attitude was such as to elicit the voluntary written thanks of the surgeons of the Confederacy in attendance.

The Michigan Soldiers' Relief Association of Washington, D. C, is said to have been the first to commence its work in the field at the east and the last to cease, beginning as it did in the autumn of 1861 and continuing until September, 1866. This association was formed by Michigan people at the capital, with Hon. James M. Edmunds president, Dr. H. J. Alvord, secretary, and Z. Moses, treasurer. Membership assessments were necessary at first, but as soon as its organization and aims became known to the people of the state, contributions began to pour in until they had aggregated $24,902.24. In the trying period of Grant's great battles, when sickness and wounds were the greatest, the association established the famous Michigan soup house at City Point, which relieved the suffering of thousands, regardless of state. It followed closely in the wake of the Army of the Potomac in its Peninsular campaign, found plenty to command its attention after the second Bull Run and the various engagements which filled the hospitals at Washington, Baltimore and Fortress Monroe, and later at Alexandria, Frederick City, Annapolis, New York and Philadelphia. In 1863, after the campaign in Maryland and Pennsylvania, including bloody Gettysburg, and in 1864, following the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, and the operations about Richmond and Petersburg, the hospitals were filled. The necessities were great, but the association met them with the aid of the Christian and U. S. sanitary commissions. In the later days of the war a home was established in Washington, where the wounded and sick, passing through the city, were given shelter. For many days the bread consumed averaged over 300 loaves daily, and imperfect records showed over 8,000 names of those furnished one or more meals. At the conclusion of the active campaign of Sherman's army, Michigan regiments, quartered at and near Washington, were supplied with vegetables, pickles, bread and tobacco.

 At Detroit November 6, 1861, the Michigan Soldiers' Aid Society was organized as a branch of the U. S. sanitary commission. Between November 6, 1861, and June 1, 1866, it had received and expended $19,633.18, and between June 1, 1866, and April 7, 1868, $8,496.23, a total of $28,129.41. Of this amount $n,422.36 was on account of the soldiers' home at Detroit. Up to November, 1861, between thirty and forty large packages were received from various parts of the state and forwarded to the field by Mrs. Morse Stewart and Mrs. George Duffield, who was afterwards president of the society. Between November 1, 1861, and June 1, 1863, 3,593 packages were forwarded to the front and 2,724 packages distributed in the home field.

In April, 1862, the Michigan Soldiers' Relief Association was organized at Detroit. It made special effort to collect supplies of such articles as were practical and needed by the soldiers, including socks, shirts, handkerchiefs, underwear, newspapers, books, needles, pins and thread, and for the sick, sheets, quilts, pillow cases, bed sacks, lint, dried and canned fruits, pickles, spices, jellies and wines. It forwarded 331 boxes and 203 barrels; received in 1864, by contributions $3,600 for the relief of destitute soldiers; defrayed the expenses of agents in looking after their needs; provided meals for veterans on their return; paid the rent for the soldiers' home, buried the dead, etc.

One of the greatest aids in the sanitary operations of the state was the Christian commission, an organization of Christian men who combined the spiritual and physical welfare of the soldiers in their efforts. This body was organized June 15, 1863, and from that time forward sent its ministers, the bible and religious papers of all denominations to the soldier; sought the wounded and sick on the battle-field, in camp or hospital; held services for the living, and offered prayers for the dead. The report for 1864 noted the receipt of a total fund of $21,725.20, and stores contributed and forwarded to the value of about $10,000.

In 1863 strong pressure was brought to bear upon the government by Colonel Charles S. Tripler, surgeon in the U. S. army, and others, for the erection of a hospital for the care of invalid soldiers of the state and early in 1864 it was built at a cost of $60,000, being known as Harper hospital. It consisted of eleven one-story buildings, with a capacity for 800 patients, and was well equipped. Its usefulness was demonstrated, for in its day its walls sheltered thousands of sick and wounded. It was closed as a government institution in December, 1865, the buildings being given to the trustees of the Harper hospital association, one of the conditions made by the governmen being that it should be open at all times for invalid and destitute Michigan soldiers and sailors.

In all this magnificent work, the women of Michigan took a leading, though in many ways a retiring part. Innumerable local aid societies furnished large quantities of clothing, lint, bandages and delicacies, devised ways for raising funds, and in many cases, nursed the sick one back to health again. One of these societies was the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Kalamazoo, which projected and carried out a state sanitary fair in 1864, from which was netted $9,618.72, one-third of which was retained for its own work and the balance divided between the Michigan soldiers' relief committee and the Christian commission. At this fair the torn battle flags borne by Michigan regiments during the war were placed on exhibition. Among leading workers at home, on the field and in the hospitals, were Mrs. Brainard, Mrs. Mahan, Mrs. Gridley, Mrs. Plum, Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Hall, Miss Wheelock, Miss Bateman, the Misses Bull, Mrs. George Duffield, Mrs. Theodore Romeyn, Mrs. D. P. Bushnell, Dr. Zina Pitcher, Mrs. Morse Stewart and Mrs. S. A. Sibley. The list comprehends hundreds, thousands, of willing, modest workers.

It would be justice to her memory, and not unfair to others, to refer briefly to Mrs. Laura S. Haviland, whose active sympathy with suffering humanity was more than state wide. Governor Blair appointed her as a state agent early in 1863, and for three months she labored among the soldiers and freedmen in Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee. Ill health compelled her to return home. She set to work collecting supplies, and in 1864 went to Vicksburg to assist in hospital and prison work. She distributed books, tracts and sanitary stores among 3,000 Union military prisoners. She then made a tour of the southwest, distributing some $7,000 worth of supplies and nearly $1,700 in money. She returned about June 1, 1865, in ill health, but two months later went to Washington City, where she secured an order allowing her to purchase military clothing at auction prices for distribution among destitute freedmen on the southern frontier of Virginia. On her application, an order was procured from Sec. Stanton for the release of 300 military prisoners in confinement at Ship island and the Dry Tortugas.

Governor Crapo issued a proclamation June 14, 1865, welcoming and thanking the returning Michigan troops. In conclusion he said: "We are proud in believing that when the history of this rebellion shall have been written, where all have done so well, none will stand higher on the roll of fame than the officers and soldiers sent to the field from the loyal and patriotic state of Michigan."

An annoying incident in the closing days of the war was the retention in service of a portion of the Michigan cavalry brigade, which was sent across the plains into Utah after it had been ordered discharged and detained there until March, 1866, when the men were given the option of an immediate discharge, or of remaining in service two months longer and marching across the plains, without horses or tents. They accepted the first only to find that they would not be given transportation home and were compelled to use over $200 each of their own hard-earned money to get back to Michigan. After much correspondence, Congress passed an act returning the amount to them.

Early in June, 1865, arrangements were made for the reception of the returning troops and as they entered the state they were taken in hand and substantially entertained. The use of the upper story of a large freight house at Detroit was donated by the Michigan Central railroad and fitted up as a dining room with a seating capacity of 2,000. From that time until June 10, 1866, 19,510 Michigan and 3,506 Wisconsin troops were cared for at that place. Similar arrangements had been made at Jackson and in the same period of time 10,659 soldiers received the cordial, substantial reception accorded those who rendezvoused at Detroit.

One of the interesting incidents connected with and following the close of the war, was the presentation of the regimental colors, which was a notable occasion. Appropriately July 4, 1866, was chosen for the formal presentation of the colors to the state, by the governor, to be deposited in the archives of the commonwealth for all future time. A great procession was formed, made up of the different organizations that had gone from the state, and thousands of the veterans rallied to follow once again and for the last time the colors they had carried to many a victory, but never to disgrace.

The new capitol at Lansing was so designed as to give a special military museum, and in a large, commodious room may be found Michigan's battleflags, in regimental order, in vertical cases of novel construction in the center of the apartment, reaching almost to the ceiling and of heavy plate glass. Other cases ranged about the walls contain many interesting relics, including Confederate flags captured by the regiments.

A Roll of Honor was prepared under a resolution of the state legislature in 1869. It was completed in 1872 and contains the names of all citizens of Michigan who had fallen in battle, or died in consequence of wounds received during the war, or who had died in southern prisons or hospitals. The roll shows 14,855 names, engrossed on English parchment and required two years time on the part of John Radiger. It is in two volumes, bound in Russia leather, with ornamental brass trimmings and fastenings.

One of the items at which one marvels, is the amount of money raised and applied by Michigan for war purposes. The state paid for bounties between March 6, 1863, and April 14, 1865, $1,927,858; disbursed for premiums for procuring recruits, $60,000, and for war purposes, $815,000, making a total of $2,802,858. Statements made in 1866 by officers of the various townships, cities and wards of the state of the aggregate expenditures for war purposes gave a total of $8,157,748.70. The amount expended by the counties of the state under the Soldiers' Relief Act, totaled $3,591,248.12, a grand total of $14,551,854.82. In addition, government quartermasters disbursed within the state $7,144,812, for horses, supplies, transportation, forage, equipment, barracks, hospitals, etc.

Michigan bore an honorable part in naval affairs, but lack of data makes it impossible to give any extended history of those who went from that state. Regular officers, claiming Michigan as their early home, were thirteen in number, most of them being actively engaged in all the naval operations of the war. Among them were John M. B. Clitz, a commander during the war and promoted to a rear-admiralty March 13, 1880; Charles V. Gridley, an ensign during the war and in command of the Olympia at the great naval battle in Manila harbor May 1, 1898. Of volunteer officers there were thirty-two. A number of men were with the Kearsarge, when she won the historic fight with the Alabama in sight of the people of a foreign nation. William Gouin of Detroit was killed in that memorable engagement, and 2 more of Michigan's sons were wounded. The state gave to the service of her country several who in later years gained a national, if not a worldwide reputation. Among them were General Russell A. Alger, who became one of the great figures in affairs, a leading candidate for the nomination for the presidency, secretary of the war under President McKinley during the Spanish-American war of 1898, and later, United States senator from Michigan. Philip H. Sheridan, one of the greatest cavalry leaders in all history, came from Ohio, but he won his first recognition while leading a Michigan regiment. Gallant George A. Custer, dashing and brave to recklessness, went into the field from the Peninsular State and mounted to fame with a Michigan regiment. William R. Shatter enlisted from Michigan, entered the regular service at the close of the war, worked his way up by merit, and was chosen to direct the Cuban campaign during the war with Spain in 1898.

In fitting recognition of the offering of the best blood of the state, early action was taken to erect a monument to the memory of Michigan's dead, the first meeting for the purpose being held June 20, 1861, in Detroit. Other meetings were held from time to time, but it was finally agreed that it would be best to wait until the end of the war. The outcome of this movement was the erection of a splendid monument, 46 feet in height, surmounted by the figure of an Indian queen, typifying Michigan, with a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left. Beneath the plinth on which she stands are stars and wreaths. On the front of the next section is the inscription, "Erected by the People of Michigan in Honor of the Martyrs Who Fell and the Heroes Who Fought in Defense of Liberty and Union." On the left are the arms of the state; on the right, the arms of the United States. On the projecting buttresses are four allegorical figures seated, representing Victory, Union, Emancipation and History. Upon projections of the section below are four statues representing soldiers of infantry, artillery and cavalry, and a sailor of the navy. Between these statues are bronze tablets, bearing medallion figures of Lincoln, Grant, Sherman and Farragut. On the outer pedestal are four eagles. The structure complete, with the iron fencing surrounding it, cost $70,185.91. It is of gray granite, its ornamental decoration being of gold bronze.

Joining the other loyal states, Michigan took an active part in the work of providing national cemeteries. The legislature of 1864 appropriated $3,500 as her proportion for the cost of the cemetery at Gettysburg and the following year appropriated $2,500 for the completion of the work and keeping the cemetery in repair. The state stood third, numerically, in the number slain in that battle. In 1867 the sum of $3,344.88 was appropriated as Michigan's proportion for the cost and care of the Antietam national cemetery, and she did her part in preparing a beautiful cemetery at Andersonville, Georgia, where 623 of her loyal sons suffered death by slow torture rather than renounce allegiance and fight for the south.

The state was sorely tried during the war by Southern sympathizers who had fled to Canada, that place being a convenient rendezvous. The Confederate government sent paid emissaries there for the purpose of fomenting trouble. Being on the border, Michigan was continually threatened and found it necessary to be constantly on guard against probable invasions. Several companies were kept on duty in and about Detroit to guard the city from pillage and the torch, armed steam tugs were continually occupied in patrolling the river, and a small force guarded the arsenal at Dearborn, where were stored 35,000 stands of arms. A party of 4 men, led by Bennett G. Burley, boarded the passenger steamer Philo Parsons at Detroit, for Sandusky September 19, 1864, and were joined at Sandwich and Amherstburg, Canada by 30 more. This party seized the boat shortly before reaching Sandusky and the steamer Island Queen at Middle Bass island, and announced their intention of capturing the U. S. war vessel Michigan, which was guarding Johnson's island, on which were 3,000 Confederate prisoners. The Island Queen was finally cast adrift. In the party was a Captain Beall, who appeared to be in command and who afterwards stated he was a Confederate officer. The Parsons was afterwards steered towards Detroit, some of the passengers being put ashore on American soil. The steamer was afterwards found at Sandwich. It also transpired that Burley was commissioned an acting master in the Confederate navy, and that an effort to get possession of the Michigan and liberate the prisoners had been authorized by President Davis. Burley was extradited and tried in Ohio, the jury failing to agree as to the nature of the crime. Being recommitted, he broke jail and fled the country, returning to Scotland, his native land.

It was a Michigan man, General L. C. Baker, who was at the head of the detective force in Washington at the time of Lincoln's assassination, and who directed the movements leading to the capture of Booth. And a cousin of General Baker, Lieutenant L. B. Baker, also a Michigan man, was placed in command of the force that found Booth and Harold at the Garrett place. Major Richard A. Watts and Captain Christian Rath of the 17th Michigan, were selected for important service during the trial of the conspirators.

After the war, several asylums were opened for the children of Michigan's dead soldiers. Three of these were located in Detroit and one at Adrian, being kept open during the time made necessary by the age of the orphans. Generous aid was extended and when the Soldiers' Relief Association at Washington, D. C., closed its affairs, it forwarded a balance of $1,508.90, to be divided among these asylums as needed.

During the war, 4,007 officers were commissioned; 2,067 left the state with regiments; 1,940 were promoted from the ranks, except 10, who were appointed from the regular army, and a small number were commissioned to recruit in the state.

The evident need of a harbor of refuge for disabled, homeless soldiers, led to an appropriation of $20,000 by the legislature of 1867 for the maintenance of a soldiers' home at the Harper hospital in Detroit, and two years later an additional sum was appropriated for its support for two years more. Its management was placed in the hands of a state military board composed of soldiers. It was used for years as a home, while preparations were being made for the admission of occupants to the national homes.

Supplementary to the notable patriotism of Michigan in the Civil war her remaining desire to administer justice to the surviving volunteers was demonstrated in the legislature of 1883, while General R. A. Alger was governor. A bill was introduced and passed creating a home for disabled and indigent veterans, to be located at Grand Rapids. Immediately following the enactment of this measure, assistance was given to applicants, although the new institution was not completed and inaugurated until January 1, 1887. The site of 130 acres just north of the city limits was contributed by the city. The building and grounds represent an expenditure of $500,000 by the state. In 1907 a new hospital was added, capable of caring for 200 or more patients, the former one having been converted into wards for the constantly increasing number of inmates. An annex for dependent wives and widows has been an additional feature of the good work. The present enrollment is 1,081—women n5, hospital 155. There in peace and comfort, those heroes live over again the stirring days of their youth, fighting again those memorable battles, awaiting the final roll call.

Page 390


RECORD OF MICHIGAN REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonels, Orlando B. Willcox, John C. Robinson, Horace S. Roberts, Franklin W. Whittlesey, Ira C. Abbott; Lieutenant-Colonels, Loren L. Comstock, Franklin W. Whittlesey, W. A. Throop; Majors, Alonzo F. Bidwell, George C. Hopper. This regiment was organized at Detroit in April, 1861, and was mustered in May 1 for three months. It left the state on May 13 for Washington, led the advance into Virginia, entering and taking possession of Alexandria May 24, capturing 150 cavalry. It was assigned to the 2nd brigade of Heintzelman's division and fought at Bull Run, charging one of the strongest of the enemy's batteries four times under a heavy fire, being compelled to retire with a loss of 95 in killed, wounded and missing, one-eighth of its numbers. Its dead were found nearest the enemy's works. It was mustered out August 7, 1861,but was reorganized at Ann Arbor in August and September, and was mustered in on September 16 for three years. It left the state on that date, with the exception of two detachments, and was on railroad guard duty at Annapolis function, Maryland, during the winter. It moved to Fortress Monroe in March, 1862, and was engaged at Mechanicsville, Gaines' mill, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Turkey bend, White Oak swamp, Malvern hill, Gainesville and the second Bull Run. In the last named engagement it was one of three regiments to make the advance, losing 8 officers and 50 per cent, of its men in killed and wounded in a few minutes. It also fought at Antietam, Shepherdstown ford and Fredericksburg, losing in the last engagement 48 killed and wounded. It was then in camp near Falmouth until April 27, 1863. It participated at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, repuls1ng the enemy repeatedly in the latter. It joined in pursuit of the enemy, was engaged at Williamsport, drove the enemy from Manassas gap, and was in the engagement at Wapping heights. It was then in camp at Beverly ford from August 8 until September 17; occupied Culpeper until October 11; was engaged at Culpeper, Brandy Station and Bristoe Station; was in the desperate engagement at the Rappahannock in November; took part in the Mine Run campaign, and was in winter quarters at Beverly ford from December 3, 1863, unt1l February 18, 1864, engaged in picket and guard duty. Most of the regiment reenlisted in February, 1864, and were furloughed home during March. Upon their return the regiment occupied its old camp at Beverly ford on April 18 and was attached to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 5th corps, Army of the Potomac. It participated in the engagement at Germanna ford on May 5, driving the enemy back and is said to have been the first infantry force to attack the enemy in the campaign of 1864. It was almost continually in battle or in skirmishing for 8 days, losing heavily and participated in the battles of Spottsylvania, Ny river, North Anna, Jericho mills, Noel's tavern and Totopotomy. Its loss in killed and wounded during the 8 days noted above was 84. It also fought at Magnolia swamp and Bethesda Church, and was in front of Petersburg from June 17, 1864, until April 3, 1865, being engaged at Weldon railroad, and at Peebles' farm, where, unaided, it stormed and carried two strong fortifications. It fought at Hatcher's run, Nottaway Court House, High bridge and Appomattox Court House, and was mustered out at Jeffersonville, Indiana, July 9, 1865. Its original strength was 960: gain by recruits, 386; total, 1,346. Loss by death, 243. 390

Second Infantry.—Colonels, Israel B. Richardson, Orlando M. Poe, William Humphrey; Lieutenant-Colonels, Henry L. Chipman, Adolphus W. Williams, Louis Dillman, Edwin J. March, Charles B. Haydon, Frederick Schneider; Majors, A. W. Williams, Cornelius Byington, John C. Boughton. This regiment was organized at Detroit in April, 1861, and was mustered in on May 25, being the first three years regiment in the state. It left for the front on June 5 and reported at Washington. It was engaged at Blackburn's ford, and covered the retreat from Bull Run three days later. It remained near Alexandria during the fall and winter, with Colonel O. M. Poe in command, Richardson be1ng made brigadier-general. It was assigned to Berry's brigade, Kearny's division, Heintzelman's corps, for the Peninsular campaign, was in the siege of Yorktown, and was engaged at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Charles C1ty cross-roads and Malvern hill, its losses being 137 in killed, wounded and missing. It was in the hottest of the fight at W1lliamsburg, forcing back twice its numbers at the point of the bayonet. "By coolness, precision and energy, recapturing our lost position and artillery, * * * and have won a name in history that the most ambitious might be proud of," read the official report. At Fair Oaks, 500 of the regiment charged ten times their number, "stopping them in mid-career. It was at Harrison's landing until August 15, was under furious fire at the second Bull Run, repulsing several cavalry charges, and was also in the severe engagement at Chantilly. It was in numerous expeditions and reconnaissances until the last of November and was then transferred to the 1st brigade, Burns' division, 9th corps, being held in reserve at Fredericksburg. It moved to Newport News, Virginia, in February, 1863, and to Bardstown, Kentucky, in March. In June it joined Grant's army in Mississippi and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. It was in the several engagements at Jackson in July, including a skirmish, in which it drove the enemy from his rifle-pits and through his reserve. It moved to Milldale, then to Nicholasville, Kentucky and on August 30, to Crab Orchard. It then moved to eastern Tennessee and was in the engagements at Blue Springs, Loudon, Lenoir's station and Campbell's station, and assisted in the defense of Knoxville. The regiment performed heroic service at Fort Sanders and at Thurley's ford, after wh1ch it camped at Blain's cross-roads until the middle of January, 1864. There 198 of the regiment reenlisted and after camping at Erie Station until February 4, the veterans were sent home on furlough. Colonel Poe, their old commander, wrote of them: "Proud am I that I was ever associated with such heroes. * * * There is something sublimely grand in the steady, quiet courage of those men of our 'Second;' they never yet have failed in time of need, and never will." The regiment rejoined its corps of the Army of the Potomac May 5, and participated in the battle of the Wilderness. At Spottsylvania Court House it recaptured some guns lost by a New York battery and drove back a brigade. It was engaged at Ox ford, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor and in the first assaults on Petersburg in June it lost 22 killed, 143 wounded and 6 missing. In the attack following the springing of the mine the regiment lost 6 killed, 14 wounded and 37 miss1ng. It was engaged at the Weldon railroad and Poplar Spring Church, and was then 1n camp near Peebles' house until October 27, when it fought at Hatcher's run and was then in the trenches before Petersburg during the winter. It participated in the defense of Fort Stedman in March, 1865, sustaining heavy loss, and aided in the capture of Petersburg in April. It was mustered out at Washington July 28, 1865. Its original strength was 1,013: gain by recruits, 1,138; total 2,151. Loss by death, 321.

Third Infantry.—Colonels, Daniel McConnell, Stephen G. Champlin, Byron R. Pierce, Moses B. Houghton; Lieutenant-Colonels, Ambrose A. Stevens, Edwin S. Pierce, Moses B. Houghton, John Atkinson; Majors, Stephen G. Champlin, Byron R. Pierce, John C. Hall. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids in April and May, 1861, and was mustered in June 10. It left the state June 13 and was attached to Richardson's brigade, Tyler's division, McDowell's corps. It was engaged at Blackburn's ford and Bull Run, and a detachment was in the engagement at the Occoquan river. The regiment encamped near Alexandria during the winter under command of Colonel Champlin, Colonel McConnell having resigned, and in the spring was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps. It participated in the battle of Williamsburg and at Fair Oaks lost 30 killed, 124 wounded and 15 missing. In the Seven Days' battles it fought at Savage Station, Peach Orchard, Charles City cross-roads and Malvern hill, July 1. Prince de Joinville, speaking of the brigade, said of its work at Fair Oaks: "It advanced firm as a wall into the midst of the disordered mass • * * and did more by its example than the most powerful reinforcement." The regiment was engaged at Groveton, sustaining heavy losses, and was at Chantilly on September 1. It then was on the march and in camp at various points in Maryland and Virginia, finally going into camp at Falmouth on October 23. It was under fire three days at the first battle of Fredericksburg, and then encamped near Falmouth until May 1,1863. It fought at Chancellorsville, losing 63, and at Gettysburg, losing 41. It then moved to Manassas gap and was engaged at Wapping heights. It was ordered to New York during the draft in August, but returned to Culpeper in September; was in a skirmish at Auburn heights in October; and 1n the battle at Kelly's ford on the Rappahannock the following month. It took part in the Mine Run campaign, engaged the enemy at Locust Grove, and at Mine run charged the enemy's works, driving him from three lines of rifle-pits. The regiment went in camp at Brandy Station on December 2, where 207 of the men reenlisted and were furloughed home, rejoining the regiment in mid-winter. On May 4, 1864, the regiment encamped at Chancellorsville, being then in the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, and in the battle of the Wilderness it sustained heavy loss. It fought at Todd's tavern; participated in a successful charge at Spottsylvania, capturing a number of prisoners and 2 flags; was engaged at the North Anna, its losses in the engagements of May being 31 killed, n9 wounded and 29 missing. It fought at Cold Harbor, and on June 9 the regiment, with the exception of the reenlisted men and recruits, was ordered home for discharge. The remaining officers and men were formed into a battalion of four companies and attached to the 5th Michigan. The regiment was mustered out at Detroit June 20, 1864. Its total strength was 1,000; its loss by death, 224. As soon as it was mustered out orders were issued to reorganize the regiment. This was done during the summer and it was mustered in at Grand Rapids on October 15. It left the state October 20, reported at Nashville and was ordered to Decatur, Alabama, where it was stationed during November, being in a small engagement on the 23d. It was then ordered to Fort Rosecrans, Murfreesboro. The pickets being forced in and the town possessed by Faulkner's brigade, four companies of the 3d joined other troops in a spirited engagement, repulsing the enemy. The regiment was 1n numerous small affairs and on January 16, 1865, it moved to Huntsville, Alabama, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 4th army corps. It moved to Jonesboro, and was ordered to Nashville on April 20. On June 15 it was sent to Texas, reaching Green Lake July n, and on September 12, it started for San Antonio, reaching there two weeks later. It engaged in provost guard duty and during the winter two companies were on duty at Gonzales. The regiment was mustered out at V1ctoria May 26, 1866. Its original strength was 879. Gain by recruits, 230; total, 1,109. Loss by death, 158.

Fourth Infantry.—-Colonels, Dwight A. Woodbury, Jonathan W. Childs, Harrison H. Jeffords, George W. Lumbard, Jairus W. Hall; Lieutenant-Colonels, William W. Duffield, Jonathan W. Childs, George W. Lumbard, Michael J. Vreeland; Majors, Jonathan W. Childs, John M. Randolph, Jairus W. Hall, Sewell S. Parker. This regiment was organized at Adrian in May, 1861, and was mustered in June 20. It left the state June 25 and reported at Washington, where it was engaged in the defense of the city during the summer and encamped at Miner's hill, Virginia, during the winter. It was attached to Griffin's brigade, Morell's brigade, Porter's division, 3d corps, and participated in the siege of Yorktown. It was also engaged at New bridge in May, fording the Chickahominy under a heavy fire and driving off a superior force, for which it received high praise, General McClellan telegraphing that the 4th Michigan had "covered itself with glory." It was then engaged at Hanover Court House, Mechanicsville, at Gaines' mill, Savage Station, Turkey bend, White Oak swamp, and Malvern hill, where Colonel Woodbury was killed. Lieutenant-Colonel Childs was made colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel Duffield having been promoted to the colonelcy of the 9th. In six days' fighting the regiment lost 53 killed, 144 wounded and 52 missing. It was next engaged at Gainesville, the second Bull Run, Antietam, and Shepherdstown ford, where its brigade forded the Potomac under battery fire, driving off the enemy and capturing the guns. The regiment was at Fredericksburg in December, where a ridge was taken under terrific fire, with a loss of 9 killed, 41 wounded and 1 missing. It was in camp near Falmouth during the winter, engaged in the battle of Chancellorsville, remained at Kelly's ford until June 13, and then marched through Maryland and Pennsylvania to Gettysburg, where it took a prominent part, sharing in the fiercest of the fight. Colonel Jeffords, who had succeeded Childs, was killed, and the loss of the regiment was 28 killed, 84 wounded, with many missing and prisoners. Lieutenant-Colonel Lumbard was promoted colonel. The regiment followed the Confederate army southward, fighting at Williamsport, Wapping heights, Culpeper, Brandy Station, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station and Mine run, and was on railroad guard duty at Bealeton from December 1, until April 30, 1864. It was in the battle of the Wilderness, where Colonel Lumbard was killed, fought at Laurel hill, the Po river, Spottsylvania, the Ny river, the North Anna, Jericho Mills, Totopotomy, Magnolia Swamp and Bethesda Church, and then proceeded to Petersburg, where it took part in the early assaults on the works. On June 19 it started for home and was mustered out on the 30th, with 135 men and 22 officers present, 129 having reenlisted as veterans. The 280 men and 3 officers, whose terms had not expired, were left with the 1st reg1ment when the 4th left for home. The original strength of the regiment was 1,025; g3"1 by recruits, 300; total, 1,325. Loss by death, 273. The 4th was reorganized during the summer, eight companies be1ng recruited, with Colonel J. W. Hall commanding. It was mustered in at Adrian, October 14, left the state October 22, reached Decatur, Alabama, on the 28th, participated in the defense of that town and was then stationed at Wh1tesboro. It was engaged at New Market, was then ordered to Murfreesboro, where it was engaged in railroad guard and picket duty until January 15, 1865, when it moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 4th army corps. It moved through Tennessee during April, reaching Nashville on the 27th, and on June 16, it moved for New Orleans, where it was joined by the detachment of the old 4th. On July 6 it took steamer for Texas, reached Green Lake on the nth, and remained there in camp for two months, losing many men from the effects of poor water and very hot weather. On September n it started for San Antonio, 170 miles, reached Salada creek on the 24th, remained there for two months on provost duty in the city and at various points until May 26, 1866, when it was mustered out at Houston. The total enrollment was 1,300. Loss by death, 148, of which 141 were of disease.

Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry D. Terry, Samuel E. Beach, John Pulford; Lieutenant-Colonels, Samuel E. Beach, John Gilluly, Edward T. Sherlock, Solomon S. Matthews, Daniel S. Root; Majors, John D. Fairbanks, Edgar H. Shook. This regiment was organized at Detroit and was mustered in August 28, 1861. ft left the state September n, and remained in camp near Alexandria, Virginia, during the winter, participating in a skirmish at Pohick Church. It was assigned to Berry's brigade, Kearny's division, in the Peninsular campaign, was at the siege of Yorktown, and in the battle of Williamsburg, where it lost 34 killed and n9 wounded out of 500 participating. It charged the enemy three times carrying his works with the bayonet, and killing 65 of his number. At Fair Oaks, out of 300 in action the regiment lost 30 killed, n9 wounded and 5 missing. It fought at the Ch1ckahominy, Peach Orchard, and at Charles City cross-roads, where its losses were 51. It charged through a thick growth of pines under murderous fire, drove the enemy before it, and recovered ground lost by other troops. It fought at Malvern hill, Groveton, the second Bull Run, Chantilly, and was engaged at Fredericksburg, losing 10 killed and 73 wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Gilluly, commanding, being among the killed. The regiment remained in winter quarters near Falmouth, was engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville on the 3d, participating in a midnight bayonet charge that was dashing and successful, losing, however, 7 killed (among them Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock, commanding), 43 wounded and 31 missing. On June n it started toward Gettysburg, and in that battle lost 105 in killed, wounded and missing in one hour's work. It was engaged at Wapping heights and was sent to Troy, New York, in August to preserve order during the draft. On September 12 it returned to its corps on the Potomac and was engaged at Auburn heights, Kelly's ford. Locust Grove and Mine run, after wh1ch it went into camp near Brandy Station, where the requisite number reenlisted to make it a veteran regiment, and on December 28 it was ordered home on furlough. It returned to camp at Brandy Station February 14, 1864, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps. On May 3 it entered upon the year's campaign, beginning with the battle of the Wilderness, where it participated in a desperate struggle and charge. It was under heavy fire at Todd's tavern, the Po river, Spottsylvania, where it participated in a charge and captured 2 stands of colors, and at the North Anna it charged and carried the enemy's works under a heavy fire. It was at Totopotomy, capturing a strong line of works, and fought at Cold Harbor, where the remnant of the 3d Michigan was permanently consolidated with the 5th. The regiment reached the front of Petersburg on the 15th and was heavily engaged in the early assaults on the enemy's works. It fought at Deep Bottom, at Strawberry Plains, Poplar Spring Church, the Boydton road, where it captured a large number of prisoners, and then garrisoned Fort Davis. Its losses during the year were 73 killed, 365 wounded and 101 missing. It was in an engagement at Hatcher's run in March, 1865, and on April 2, it participated in the general assault on Petersburg, which resulted in the evacuation of the city, and the 5th is reported to have been the first regiment to raise its colors on the enemy's works. It was in the engagements at Sailor's creek where it took a stand of colors and 145 prisoners, and was also at Appomattox Court House when Lee surrendered. It participated in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out at Jeffersonville, Indiana, July 5. Its total enrollment was 1,950. Loss by death, 398.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Frederick W. Curtenius, Thomas S. Clark, Edward Bacon; Lieutenant-Colonels, Thomas S. Clark, Edward Bacon, Charles E. Clarke, John Carden; Majors, Edward Bacon, Charles E. Clarke, John Carden, Sylvester Cogswell, Seymour Howell, Harrison Soule. This regiment was organized at Kalamazoo and was mustered in August 20, 1861. It left the state on August 30 and was ordered into camp at Baltimore, remaining there most of the time until February 22, 1862, except for an expedition into Virginia. It encamped at Newport News February 23, and embarked March 4, on the steamer "Constitution" for Ship island, Mississippi. It remained there from March 13 to April 14 and then proceeded to New Orleans, being one of the first regiments to occupy that city after its capture. On May 9 it joined an expedition up the Mississippi river for the capture of a train, the destruction of railroad track and bridges, and was in an engagement at Grand Gulf. It reached Baton Rouge on the 29th, where it went into barracks, but shortly afterward the general commanding ordered the regiment out into the woods, without tents or shelter of any kind, to make room for another regiment which was well provided with tents, and even refused it the use of the tents. The officers of the regiment protested, then refused to obey the arbitrary ungracious order and were placed under arrest. The regiment was forced out and compelled to remain without protection, suffering much from the exposure, and the officers were sent to New Orleans for trial, but on learning the facts General Butler promptly released them. On July 20 six companies made a raid, capturing some prisoners, a large number of horses and mules and a quantity of camp stores. The reg1ment received and repulsed the principal attack of the enemy at Baton Rouge on August 5, saving the posit1on, fully 6,000 of the enemy being opposed to 2,000 Union troops. For its gallantry in this action the reg1ment received special ment1on in official reports. It lost in this engagement 20 killed, 43 wounded and 6 missing. When it moved to New Orleans in December but 171 out of 755 were fit for duty by reason of the unhealthy location of the camp it had occupied near the city. On January 14, 1863, it participated in an expedition to Bayou Teche as part of the 1st brigade, 3d divis1on, 19th corps, and it also participated 1n an expedition to and an engagement at Ponchatoula, in March. It was engaged at the Amite and Tickfaw rivers in April and also in a raid up the Jackson railroad, destroying the enemy's camp at Tangipahoa, capturing 60 prisoners and burning $400,000 worth of factories used by the enemy. It was engaged in the siege of Port Hudson, participating in the three assaults, in May and June. On July 10 the regiment was converted into heavy artillery and was stationed at Port Hudson until March n, 1864, when 247 reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home. They returned on May n, with many recruits, and were ordered to Morganza in June, thence to Vicksburg, and St. Charles, Arkansas, returning in a short time to Morganza. A detachment was in an engagement at Ashton in July and was present at the surrender of Fort Morgan, Alabama, August 23. Portions of the regiment were stationed respectively at Forts Gaines and Morgan until December 23, when Cos. B, C, E, Fand H were detached on an expedition against Mobile, rejoining the regiment the last of January, 1865. Cos. A and K were detached March 31, and took position before Spanish Fort, doing effective work with their 10-inch mortars. After the capture of the fort they turned the captured fine Brooks' rifles and 100-pound Parrotts on Forts Huger and Tracy and assisted in reducing all the works within range. On April 10, Co. B was placed on picket duty at Navy cove, Co. E was assigned to garrison Fort Powell, and Cos., A and K rejoined the regiment on the 20th. On July 9, the regiment was ordered to New Orleans, encamped near there on the 1 1th, and was mustered out August 20. The total enrollment was' 1,957, and the loss by death

Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Ira R. Grosvenor, Norman J. Hall; LieutenantColonels, Frazy M. Winans, Henry Baxter, S. Newell Smith, Amos E. Steele, Jr., George W. La Point; Mais., Nathaniel B. Eldridge, Sylvanus W. Curtis, Moracio Van Sickle. This regiment was organized at Monroe, and was mustered in August 22 1861. It left the state September 5 and encamped in the vicinity of Washington during the fall and winter. It was engaged at Ball's bluff, Yorktown, West Point, Fair Oaks, where it participated in the bayonet charge that broke the enemy's line. Peach Orchard, Savage Station, White Oak swamp, Charles City cross-roads and Malvern hill. It fought at the second Bull Run, was with General McClellan at South mountain and Antietam, and with Burnside's army at Fredericksburg, where it crossed the Rappahannock in small boats (the first Union troops to land on the oppos1te side) and with the assistance of the 19th Mass. dislodged the sharpshooters and captured almost as many prisoners as its own numbers. This was one of the most gallant acts of the war. The regiment was on provost guard at Falmouth until May 3, 1863; was then engaged at Chancellorsville and Haymarket, and at Gettysburg lost 21 killed and 44 wounded, being under a heavy fire and responding spiritedly. It was next engaged at Falling Waters, was then ordered to New York during the draft riots, after which it was on picket duty at Summervine ford until October 6. It was then in action at Bristoe Station, Robertson's tavern and Mine run, and went into winter quarters at Barry's Hill on December 7. Here 162 reenlisted as veterans and were sent home on furlough. They returned on February 16, 1864, remained in quarters until May 3, when the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps. It participated at the battles of the Wilderness, Po river, Spottsylvania, the North Anna, Ny river, Totopotomy, and Cold Harbor, and went into the trenches at Petersburg on June 15. It was in the engagements at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' station, the Boydton road, Hatcher's run and Burgess' tavern, where the regiment captured 480 men, 20 officers and a stand of colors. Being left unsupported through some misunderstanding, it was obliged to fight its way back to the army after it was nearly surrounded. It was on garrison duty at Fort Stedman during November, and then on fatigue, picket and skirmish duty until February 10, when it went into winter quarters near Fort Siebert, remaining there until March 29. It was in the engagement at Hatcher's run and was part of the force to charge the enemy's works at Cat Tail creek in April, capturing 2 forts and 3 guns; then following down the line carried 5 more forts (well defended! and 500 prisoners. It was engaged at Farmville, capturing many prisoners. It was cut off from the brigade by the enemy, but faced about, and made a charge which was repulsed, though the regiment held its ground until relieved by reinforcements. It lost 3 officers and 34 men captured. It started for Appomattox on the 8th and after Lee's surrender was sent to Burkeville. On May 2 it was ordered to Richmond and on the 6th to Washington, where it participated in the grand review. It left for Louisville June 16, reaching there the 22nd. It was sent to Jeffersonville, Indiana, on provost duty and was mustered out July 5, 1865. Its original strength was 884: gain by recruits, 509; total 1,393. Loss by death, 338.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William M. Fenton, Frank Graves; Lieutenant Colonels, Frank Graves, Ralph Ely; Majors, Amasa B. Watson, Ephraim W. Lyon, W. Ely Lewis, Horatio Belcher, Richard N. Doyle. Th1s regiment was organized at Grand Rapids in August, 1861, and was ordered to Fort Wayne, Detroit, arriving there September 16. It was mustered in September 23, and left the state September 27 and went into camp at Meridian hill near Washington on the 30th. On October 10 it joined the 2nd brigade, expedit1onary corps, under General T. W. Sherman, and moved to Hilton Head by steamer, reaching there November 8 after a small engagement at Port Royal, S. C., the previous day. It moved to Beaufort on December 6 and was under fire at Coosaw river, and Port Royal Ferry. It was in camp at Gray's hill and Beaufort during the month of January, 1862, on drill, picket, guard and reconnoitering duty until April 9, when it moved to Tybee island, Georgia, and was at the fall of Fort Pulaski. On April 16 seven companies embarked for Wilmington island as an escort and was in a skirmish with the 13th Georgia, 800 strong, routing it, but losing 11 killed and 34 wounded. The regiment was on drill and picket duty until June 1, was then attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, and participated in the assault on the works on James island, losing 13 killed, 98 wounded, 35 captured and 36 missing, out of a total of 534. It was a dashing affa1r but unsuccessful. The regiment moved for Newport News on July 5, and on August 4 proceeded towards the upper Potomac. It was at the second battle of Bull Run; fought at Chantilly; was heavily engaged at South mountain and Antietam; moved into Virginia again in September and was at Falmouth from November 18 until December 12. It was engaged at Fredericksburg and then encamped near Falmouth until February 13, 1863, and at Newport News until March 19. It was then stationed at Louisville and Lebanon, Kentucky, until June, and was in the siege of Vicksburg from June 22 to July 4. It was then engaged at Jackson, moved back to Milldale near V1cksburg on the 23d, and marched toward Crab Orchard early in August, reach1ng there on the 27th. On September 10 it proceeded to Knoxville, Tennessee, remained in camp from September 26 to October 3, and was in the Blue Springs affair on the 10th. It was engaged at Loudon and Lenoir's station, Campbell's station, and in the defense of Knoxville, where it was stationed at Fort Sanders. After the siege it encamped at Blain's cross-roads, where 283 reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home through February. They rejoined the regiment in March with a large number of recruits. The regiment was engaged at the battle of the Wilderness, driving the enemy from their first line of rifle pits, and losing 99 in killed, wounded and missing, among them Colonel Graves. At Spottsylvania it assaulted the enemy's intrenchments and lost 49. It was then successively engaged at the North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, and the first assaults at Petersburg, losing 49 men, and remained in the trenches constantly under fire until July 30, when it participated in the engagement following the explosion of the mine. It fought at the Weldon railroad, Reams' station. Poplar Spring Church, Pegram's farm. Boydton road and Hatcher's run and was on picket and trench duty through the winter. It assisted in repelling the assault on Fort Stedman in March, 1865, and was in the final assault of April 2. It was among the first to enter Petersburg on April 3. It rema1ned on guard duty until the 20th and took transports for Alexandria on the 21st. On May 9, the regiment entered Wash1ngton, was assigned to guard and patrol duty, and was mustered out July 30, 1865. Its original strength was 915: gain by recruits, 814; total 1,729. Loss by death, 403.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonels, William W. Duffield, John G. Parkhurst; Lieutenant-Colonels, John G. Parkhurst, William Wilkinson; Majors, Dorus M. Fox, William Jenney, Jr. This regiment was organized at Fort Wayne, Detroit, in September, 1861, and was mustered in October 15. It left the state October 25, for Jeffersonville, Indiana, moved to West Point, Kentucky, in November and engaged in building field works, roads and bridges. On January 4, 1862, companies A, B, C, D, F and K were detailed to Elizabethtown, E and G following on the 17th, leaving I at West Point. Co. K was sent to Nolin. In the spring the regiment was attached to the 23d brigade, Army of the Cumberland, and moved to Nashville in March, where it joined in the pursuit of Morgan's forces in May, overtaking them at Lebanon and driv1ng them from the town thoroughly demoralized. The regiment engaged in the movement into Tennessee, making a demonstration on Chattanooga, and was in the forced march over mountain roads near Winchester, capturing the enemy's pickets at Sweeden's cove, surprising and routing Adams' cavalry. It was in the engagement at Chattanooga in June and in July six companies were attacked at Murfreesboro by Forrest's cavalry. After a _sharp struggle they were compelled to surrender, with a loss of 13 killed and 78 wounded. The wounded officers and men were at once paroled and were afterwards exchanged. The 9th's share in this was most gallant, and it was only when reduced to 137 men and officers, with no hope for reinforcements, and annihilation as the only alternative, that the command surrendered. The regiment was engaged at La Vergne in December and was detailed by General Thomas for headquarters guard and provost duty for the 14th corps. At the battle of Stone's river it checked the rout of the right wing, which was being driven back by overwhelming numbers, and at a time when the panic was extending to the army. The flight of infantry, cavalry and artillery was stopped with bayonet and saber, Colonel Parkhurst forcing 2,000 cavalry, 3,000 infantry and n pieces of artillery from the demoralized and fleeing troops and repulsing a charge by the enemy. The regiment was engaged on provost duty during the battles of Chickamauga and Missionary ridge, remaining on provost duty during November. In December 306 reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home in January, 1864. They returned to Chattanooga in February w1th about 200 recruits and participated in the Georgia campaign, being in action at Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, the Chattahoochee river, the siege of Atlanta and at Jonesboro. The regiment was on provost duty in Atlanta during its occupation and returned to Chattanooga November 1 via Marietta. It remained on guard duty at the headquarters of the Army of the Cumberland and on picket duty until March 27, 1865, when headquarters were moved to Nashville, the regiment following for the same duty and for prison guard. It was mustered out at Nashville September 15, 1865. Its original strength was 913: gain by recruits, 1,309; total, 2,222. Loss by death, 292.

Tenth Infantry.—Colonel, Charles M. Lum; Lieutenant-Colonels, Christopher J. Dickerson, William H. Dunphy; Majors, James J. Scarrett, Henry S. Burnett, Sylvan Ter Bush. This regiment was organized at Flint during the fall and winter of 1861-62 and was mustered in, February 6, 1862. It left the state April 22, being ordered to Corinth, and was first in action at Farmington. It participated in the siege of Corinth; was engaged at Boonville in June; was then ordered to Nashville and assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Rosecrans' army. It was engaged 1n provost, guard and fatigue duty at Nashville, Murfreesboro and on Stone's river during the year. On December 31 it guarded an ammunition train for the army, made a march of 54 miles in 36 hours, and participated in the engagement at Stone's river. On January 3, 1863, Cos. A and D were attacked by a large force of guerillas, but repulsed them, killing 15 and capturing as many more. On the 25th a squad guarding a train was captured by 200 of the enemy's cavalry. Twenty-seven men of the 10th being near, went forward and routed the enemy with heavy loss, capturing guns and horses and saving most of the train, which had been fired. On April 10 several hundred guerillas drove a detail of 46 men away from the train they were guarding, but reinforced by 15 men, the guard returned and saved the train. In August and September the regiment joined in the march from Murfreesboro to Columbia, Stevenson, and Bridgeport, Alabama, then moved to Anderson's cross-roads, thence to Smith's ferry, which place was reached October 26. On November 26 it participated in the capture of Chickamauga Station, and then moving towards Knoxville marched for several days, but was ordered to Columbus, reaching there December 9. It moved for Chattanooga on the 15th and 395 having reenlisted as veterans on February 6, 1864, they were expecting to receive the longed-for furlough, but instead on the 23d, the regiment was ordered to prepare for a movement into Georgia. The order was cheerfully obeyed and the regiment participated in the battle of Buzzard Roost, losing 13 killed, 36 wounded and 17 missing. It made a gallant advance over two sharp ridges, but being unsupported was compelled to return to its earlier stand. It was furloughed home in March and on its return reached Chattanooga May 11, in time to take part in the Atlanta campaign. It was engaged at Resaca, Rome and Dallas, was in reserve at Kennesaw mountain, fought at Peachtree creek, Sandtown, Red Oak, Rough and Ready, and at Jonesboro charged the enemy's works, taking 400prisoners and a stand of colors, losing 30 killed and 47 wounded. It went into camp at Atlanta on September 8, and on the 28th moved to Stevenson, Huntsville, Athens and Florence, skirmishing at the latter place. It proceeded to Chattanooga, thence to Rome, Georgia, and moved forward with the army on the Savannah campaign, engaging in skirmishes at Sandersville and Louisville, four companies defeating a superior force at the latter place. The regiment reached Savannah December 11 and moved into the city on the 21st. It then participated in the campaign of the Carolinas, being engaged with the enemy at Fayetteville, Averasboro, Southfield road and Bentonville. It reached Richmond May 7, was in the grand review at Washington, moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in June, and was mustered out on July 19. Its original strength was 997: gain by recruits, 791; total, 1,788. Loss by death, 299.

Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, William J. May, William L. Stoughton, Patrick H. Keegan; Lieutenant-Colonels, William L. Stoughton, Melvin Mudge, John M. Farland; Majors, Benjamin F. Dougherty, Benjamin G. Bennett, Patrick J. McDermott. This regiment was organized at White Pigeon, and was mustered in September 24, 1861. It left the state December 9 and was stationed at Bardstown, Kentucky, during the winter. In the spring of 1862 it was engaged in railroad guard duty, and in July pursued Morgan's cavalry through Kentucky. On August 13 it joined in repelling an attack made by a considerable force under Morgan. It was then stationed at Nashville and assigned to Negley's division. It joined a foraging expedition and reconnaissance, having three engagements with guerillas, and assisted in building forts and general fortif1cations. It was engaged at Stone's river, where it joined the 19th Llinois in charging a fierce assault and driving back the enemy after he had broken the right wing. Its losses were 32 killed, 79 wounded and 29 missing. It was then detached for provost duty at Murfreesboro and while there Co. E was detailed as guard for Valland1gham, whom the government had ordered sent within the Confederate lines. The regiment participated in a sharp skirmish at Elk river in July and then remained in camp at Decherd until September, when it joined the advance into Georgia w1th the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 14th corps. It was engaged at Davis' cross-roads, and covered the retreat of Negley's and Baird's divisions from Dug gap. It was in the hottest of the fight at Chickamauga, its brigade hold1ng one of the most important positions against largely superior forces until night and being the last to leave the field. The regiment's loss was 85. Where "Thomas stood like a rock," it did its full share and received his compliments. The regiment was in the siege at Chattanooga, in the main and successful charge of Missionary ridge under heavy fire and always claiming to have been the first to reach the works. It was then in the pursuit of the enemy charging their rear-guard and assisting in capturing "Ferguson's Battery with caissons and horses. It was on outpost duty at Rossville from December 2, 1863, to March 15, 1864, and then rejo1ned its old brigade at Graysville. It entered on the Atlanta campaign under General Sherman; fought at Buzzard Roost, Resaca and New Hope Church, where for eight days it was under almost continual fire, but when the enemy evacuated his works the regiment joined in the pursuit. It fought at Kennesaw mountain, Ruff's station, and Peachtree creek, then moved towards Atlanta and in the battle of Utoy creek participated in a charge and took one line of defense, with a loss of 30. It was ordered to Chattanooga on August 27 for muster out, but joined in pursuit of Wheeler's forces, marching to Murfreesboro and Huntsville, Alabama. On September 18 it started for home, 150 veterans and recruits being left at Chattanooga, and it was mustered out September 30, 1864. Its original strength was 1,004: gain by recruits, 325; total, 1,329. Loss by death, 286. The nth was reorganized at Jackson in the winter of 1864. Four companies left for Nashville March 4, 1865, and the other six on the 18th under command of Colonel Patrick H. Keegan. On April 1 it was ordered to Chattanooga and assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd separate division, Army of the Cumberland. Three weeks later it was sent to East Tennessee, four companies being placed on duty guarding the Chattanooga & Knoxville railroad at intervals of 15 to 20 miles apart, and the other six companies were stationed at Cleveland. In June the regiment was ordered to Knoxville for guard duty and on August 3 to Nashville, where it was mustered out September 16. The total enrollment was 1,140. Loss by death, 81.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, Francis Quinn, William H. Graves, Dwight May; Lieutenant-Colonels, William H. Graves, Phineas Graves: Majors, George Kimmel, Lewis W. Pearl. This regiment was organized at Niles during the fall of 1861 and following winter. It was mustered in, March 5, 1862, and left the state on the 18th, for Pittsburg landing, which was reached in time to take part in the battle of Shiloh, being assigned to Peabody's brigade, Prentiss' division, Army of the Tennessee. The first Union troops to be attacked were five companies from the 12th Michigan and 21st Missouri, which General Prentiss had ordered out at 3 a. m. as a precaution. These five companies held the enemy in check until daylight, then fell back to the support of their regiments, which were in turn forced back, a large portion of the division being captured. Colonel Graves reported 226 killed, wounded and missing. April and May were passed at Pittsburg landing, June and July at Jackson, Tennessee, and August at Bolivar. The regiment was on p1cket duty near Iuka in September and in the battle at Metamora October 5. It guarded the Mississippi Central railroad from Hickory valley to Bolivar from November 4, 1862 until May 31, 1863. On December 24, 1862, n5 men m a blockhouse at Middleburg, repulsed a force of Van Dorn's cavalry numbering nearly 3,000. The affair lasted over 2 hours and over 4,000 rounds were fired at the enemy, inflicting serious damage, the Confederates losing 135 in killed, wounded and prisoners. The men received General Grant's commendation in general orders. The regiment was sent to Vicksburg in June, 1863, and participated in a skirmish at Mechanicsburg. It was in the siege of Vicksburg and the campaign of Arkansas, being encamped at Helena and near Little Rock after 1ts surrender. It moved to Benton in October and back to Little Rock, where 334 reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home during February, 1864. They rejoined the regiment on April 1, with a large number of recruits. The regiment was on the march almost continuously during the summer, engaged in short expeditions, and was in an engagement at Clarendon. It dispersed a force of guerillas at Gregory's landing on September 4, was stationed at Devall's Bluff in October, and engaged in heavy detail duty on picket, provost, railroad guard and fatigue work, with occasional scouting until June, 1865. During 1864 it had traveled over 3.000 miles and lost 4 by wounds and 109 by disease. On June 6 it moved to Little Rock, thence to Washington, Arkansas, where companies were detached to various points for guarding public property and scouting. Camden became its headquarters on November 1, and on January 28, 1866, the companies were ordered to assemble at that point. The regiment was mustered out February 15. Its original strength was 1,000: gain by recruits, 1,325; total, 2,325. Loss by death, 432.

Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles E. Stuart, Michael Shoemaker, Willard G. Eaton, Joshua B. Culver; Lieutenant-Colonels, Orlando H. Moore, Theodoric R. Palmer, Peter Van Arsdale; Majors, Frederick W. Warden, Joshua B. Culver, Willard G. Eaton. This regiment was organized at Kalamazoo in the fall and winter of 1861. It was mustered in January 17, 1862, and left the state February 12. Colonel Stuart having resigned, Colonel Shoemaker took command. The regiment was ordered to Nashville, where it formed part of Wood's division of Buell's army, and was on the forced march for the relief of Grant at Shiloh, reaching the battle-field on the second day. It was then engaged at Farmington, Owl creek, and in the siege of Corinth. On June 2 it moved eastward with Buell's army and was on fortification work and guard duty at Stevenson, Alabama, from July 18 to August 21, when the post of Stevenson was placed under Colonel Shoemaker's command, the 13th Michigan with four companies from other regiments and Simonson's Indiana battery being left as a garrison, the post becoming a depot of supplies and for convalescents. On the 30th instructions were rece1ved to leave, as the enemy was congregating in force. The following morning a force of Confederate cavalry was seen near the fort and scattered by the artillery, skirmishers follow1ng until they came upon a heavy force, which fired upon them. The fort was attacked at 10 o'clock, the fight continuing until 3 p. m. Reinforcements arrived at that time and all stores, baggage and convalescents were placed on trains for Nashville. The march for Nashville was begun at 5 p. m., the 13th bringing up the rear and keeping off the enemy's attack. Left far in the rear by the other regiments and the artillery, the regiment joined its division on September 3, after being given up for lost. Nashville was reached on the 6th. The regiment joined in pursuit of Bragg, was engaged at Munfordville, the battle of Perryville, and at Danville. It was stationed at Silver springs, Tennessee, in early November and on the 10th joined the forces that drove the enemy from Lebanon. It was on train guard and picket duty at Nashville until December 26, being engaged in the meantime at Gallatin and Mill creek. It moved on Murfreesboro with the 3d brigade, 1st division, Thomas' corps, was on the skirmish line and in the desperate engagements at Stone's river, losing 95 in killed, wounded and m1ssing, when the right wing was being driven back in confusion on the first day of the battle the br1gade to which the 13th was attached advanced to the extreme right and formed in line of battle, becoming hotly engaged. The battery supporting the regiment opened rapid fire, but the other regiments of the brigade passed to the rear and thus forced it to take a new position, from which it was again driven with a loss of 2 guns. All the other regiments falling back a second time, the 13th was left alone to meet two brigades. By a steady fire it checked the advance, dropped back to a better position, then charged the advancing brigades with bullet and bayonet, scattering them and regaining the lost ground, retaking the 2 captured guns and capturing 68 prisoners. This gallant act was accompanied by a loss of 35 per cent of its numbers engaged. "Great praise is due this regiment" said the Nashville Union, "for the unparalleled gallantry, both of officers and men, who are said to have fought like heroes. Truly Michigan has reason to be proud of the troops she has sent out." The regiment was stationed at Murfreesboro until June 24, 1863, when it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 20th corps, and advanced on Tullahoma, following Bragg after his evacuation of that place. It was in an engagement at Pelham in July and was then in camp at Hillsboro until August 16, when the army advanced into Georgia. It fought at Lookout valley, was in the engagement at Chickamauga making a charge and losing 107 in killed, wounded and missing. The regiment was organized as engineers in November, assigned to duty at Chattanooga, and participated at Missionary ridge. It was stationed at Chickamauga in December and January, and there 173 reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home. They rejoined the regiment in April with over 400 recruits and the command was stationed at Lookout mountain during the summer. It was relieved from duty as engineers, September 25, 1864, and assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 14th corps, joining it at Rome, Georgia. It marched to the sea, reached Savannah December 16, and engaged in the siege. It made the campaign of the Carolinas, being engaged at Catawba river, Averasboro and Bentonville, sustaining in the last action a loss of no, its commanding officer, Colonel Eaton, being among the killed. It was in the grand review at Washington, and was mustered out at Louisville on July 25, 1865. Its original strength was 925: gain by recruits, 1,159; total. 2,084. Loss by death, 390.

Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Robert P. Lindair, Henry R. Mizner; Lieutenant-Colonels, Robert W. Davis, George W. Grummond; Majors, M. W. Quackenbush, Thomas C. Fitz Gibbon, Caspar Ernst. This regiment was organized at Ypsilanti and was mustered in February 13, 1862. It left the state April 17, and joined the army at Pittsburg landing. It participated in the siege of Corinth during May and was engaged at Farmington. After the siege of Corinth it moved with Buell's army, being finally stationed at Tuscumbia, Alabama. On September 1, it joined in the march for Louisville, but was detached at Nashville and participated in the engagement at La Vergne, routing the 32d Alabama, taking a fort and 100 prisoners. A few days later it was in the fight at Nashville, was also in a severe engagement at Brentwood and was stationed at Stone's river in November and part of December. It participated in the battle there after a 30-mile march through mud and rain the previous night, and was then engaged in railroad guard and picket duty at Nashville, Franklin and Brentwood during the winter and spring. Late in the summer the command was mounted and in August Co. C assisted in the capture of a notorious guerrilla band commanded by Dick McCann, at Weems' Springs. In the affair at Lawrenceburg in November 120 men defeated 400 cavalry. Guerrillas were captured and scattered and many inhabitants induced to take the oath of allegiance while the regiment was stationed at Franklin and Columbia during the fall. It became a veteran regiment January 14, 1864, when 414 reenlisted. The veterans of companies C, F, G, I and K were furloughed in February and the others in March. The reenlistments had been made with the understanding that the regiment would be continued as mounted infantry. This was disregarded and great dissatisfaction was felt, but the regiment was loyal and continued to perform its duties. It joined Sherman's army in the advance through Georgia; was engaged at Kennesaw mountain; charged the rifle pits at the Chattahoochee river, capturing many prisoners; was active during the siege of Atlanta; carried a line of works at Jonesboro, capturing 4 pieces of artillery, 4 caissons, a general and his staff, the colors of the 1st Arkansas, and 300 men. It was engaged at Florence, Alabama, in September; marched with Sherman to Savannah; and in the Carolina campaign was engaged at Fayetteville, where it drove the enemy 2 miles, capturing his camp and a large quantity of forage, at Averasboro and at Bentonville, where it charged the works, captured 270 prisoners, the colors of the 40th N. C., and 600 stands of arms. A later charge carried the works, 135 prisoners and the colors of the 54th Va. being taken. The next morning the regiment was in a desperate encounter for nearly an hour and in a continual skirmish all day. It encamped at Goldsboro from March 23 to April 10, and at the Cape Fear river unt1l the surrender of Johnston's army. It participated in the grand review at Washington, was sent to Louisville in June, and was mustered out on July 18. Its original strength was 925: gam by recruits, 881; total, 1,806. Loss by death, 247.

Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, John M. Oliver, Frederick S. Hutchinson; Lieutenant-Colonels, John McDermott, Austin E. Jaquith, Moses A. La Point; Majors, Stephen Walsh, Thomas E. Morris, John Bell. This regiment was organized at Monroe and was mustered in March 20. 1862. It left the state on the 27th and reached Pittsburg landing in time to take part in the battle of Shiloh. General McCook in his report said Colonel Oliver and his regiment "acted with conspicuous gallantry. Its loss in this battle was 31 killed, 64 wounded and 7 missing. It was engaged at Farmington, in the siege of Corinth, at Iuka, Chewalla, and in the defense of Corinth in October, where it formed the Union army's outposts, its skirmishers and pickets being the first engaged, and on the 4th it supported 2 pieces of artillery under a hot fire. It joined in the pursuit of the enemy, taking many prisoners, and lost 13 killed, 32 wounded and 5 missing. It moved to Wolf creek and Grand Junction in November, being engaged in garrison and provost guard duty, and in railroad guarding and scouting at Grand Junction and La Grange until June, 1863. It then moved for Vicksburg, disembarked at Haynes' bluff, and joined in the movement on Jackson, crossing the Big Black on rafts and by swimming. It was then engaged in numerous skirmishes until the enemy was driven across the Pearl river. The regiment moved to the Big Black on July 23, when it was attached to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 15th army corps, and ordered to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland. Moving via Memphis, Tennessee, Corinth, and Iuka, Mississippi, Florence, and Bridgeport, Alabama, it reached Scottsboro, where it encamped during the winter. Here 186 men reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home in March, 1864. They reported at Chattanooga May 4, in time to enter on the campaign through Georgia. The regiment was engaged at Resaca, Kennesaw mountain, and Nickajack creek and at Decatur captured 2 flags and 176 prisoners. It was in almost daily skirmishes in the trenches before Atlanta; repulsed an assault at Jonesboro; captured several prisoners the following day; fought at Lovejoy's Station; and participated in the pursuit of Hood's army and in the engagements incident thereto during October. As part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 15th corps, it then moved to Atlanta, and joined the Savannah campaign. It was engaged at Clinton and Fort McAllister, and from Savannah embarked for Beaufort January 14, 1865, arriving there the next day. On the campaign through the Carolinas it was engaged at Orangeburg, Congaree creek, Saluda creek, Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville and Bentonville. It reached Richmond on May 6, Washington on the 21st, participated in the grand review, moved to Louisville June 1, and was mustered out at Little Rock on August 13. Its original strength was 869: gain by recruits, 1,502; total, 2,371. Loss bv death, 337.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas B. W. Stockton, Norval E. Welch, Benjamin F. Partridge; Lieutenant-Colonels, John V. Reuhle, Norval E. Welch, Edward Hill; Majors. Norval E. Welch, Thomas J. Barry, Robert T. Elliott, Rufus W. Jacklin. This regiment was organized at Camp Backus, Detroit, and was known as "Stockton's Independent Regiment." It was mustered in September 8, 1861, and left the state on the 16th for Hall's hill, Va.. where it encamped until March, 1862. It was attached to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 5th corps, and was joined in February by "Dygert's Sharpshooters," an independent company. This company, with K1n S. Dygert as captain, is designated on the rolls and records as being "the first independent company attached to the 16th," and it served with the regiment during the war. The regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown, and in the Peninsular campaign was 1n the engagements at Hanover Court House, Gaines' mill, White Oak swamp, Turkey bend and Malvern hill. It then joined Pope's army and was engaged at Ely's ford and the second Bull Run. In the Maryland campaign it was present at Antietam, but was not engaged. It pushed the enemy to Shepherdstown ford, was engaged at Snicker's gap, fought at Fredericksburg 1n December, its brigade taking a ridge and holding it for more than 30 hours. It was engaged at Chancellorsville in May, 1863, and at Middleburg in June, the work of the regiment was very effective, both in skirmish1ng and in company detachment service, a fine Blakely gun being captured. The regiment reached Gettysburg by forced marches and took part in that battle, where as a part of Vincent's brigade it went to the peak of Little Round Top, assisting in dragging the guns of Hazlett's battery to that position, which was held against Hood's veterans in a hand-to-hand struggle with bayonets, clubbed muskets and stones, a struggle almost without a parallel. The New York Tribune's account of it is one of the most vivid word paintings ever drawn. Pursuing the enemy, the 16th reached Williamsport on July 11, and was present at Wapping heights, but was not engaged. It participated in general movements during the summer and fall, being engaged at Culpeper, Brandy Station, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station and Mine run, and went into camp December 2. During the month 294 men reenlisted as veterans, were furloughed in January, 1864, and returned in February to winter quarters at Bealeton Station. The regiment participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Laurel hill, the Po river, Spottsylvania, the Ny river, the North Anna, Hanover Court House and Totopotomy. In May Captain George Jardine's company of sharpshooters was mustered in at Detroit and was assigned to the 16th. At Magnolia Swamp early in June, the regiment drove the enemy from his rifle-pits and resisted all efforts to retake them. It was engaged at Bethesda Church, Gaines' mill and Cold Harbor, and reached Petersburg on the 17th, remaining in reserve until August 15. It fought at the Weldon railroad, Poplar Grove Church, and at Peebles' farm cl1mbed the works and engaged the enemy in & hand-to-hand fight, losing 10 killed and 52 wounded. "A more magnificent charge was never made by any corps in any war," said General Warren. The regiment was engaged at Hatcher's run in October, was in the trenches during November, and operated near Petersburg through December. In the final campaign it was engaged at Dabney's mill, White Oak road, Quaker road, F1ve Forks, Amelia Court House and High bridge, and was present at Appomattox when Lee surrendered. It then marched to Washington, was 1n the grand review, moved to Louisville in June, and was mustered out at Jeffersonville, Indiana, July 8, 1865. Its original strength was 761: gain by recruits, 1,557; total, 2,318. Loss by death, 343.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, William H. Withington, Constant Luce. Lieutenant-Colonels, Constant Luce, Lorin L. Comstock, Frederick W. Swift; Majors, George C. Lyons, Thomas Mathews. This regiment was organized at Detroit, and became known as the "Stonewall Regiment" later. It was mustered in August 21, 1862, and left the state on the 27th for Washington, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, for the Maryland campa1gn. It was first engaged at South mountain, where it won high honors, charging over a stone wall and scattering a strong force in its front—from which it received its sobriquet, captur1ng 300 prisoners and driving the enemy down the slope of the mountain. General Willcox characterized it as "a feat that may vie with any recorded in the annals of war." Its loss was 27 killed and 114 wounded. In the battle at Antietam it lost 18 killed and 87 wounded. It then moved to a position near Falmouth and was present, but not engaged, at Fredericksburg. It moved to Newport News in February, 1865, on March 19 to Baltimore, thence to Bardstown, Kentucky, on April 3 to Lebanon, and on the 29th to Columbia. In June it reinforced Grant at Vicksburg, being engaged there until July 4. It was then in the siege of Jackson, returned to Kentucky in August, and joined the movements of the Army of the Ohio in East Tennessee. It was engaged at Blue Springs, Loudon, Lenoir's station and Campbell's station, and as part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, 9th army corps, assisted in the defense of Knoxville, being stationed in Fort Sanders. After the siege it encamped at Blain's cross-roads until it joined the Army of the Potomac near Warrenton Junction, Virginia, in March. It was in the battles of the Wilderness, Ny river and Spottsylvania, where it occupied the crest of a hill for which the enemy was making, just as the latter came up the other slope, repulsing them handsomely. Its succeeding movements were of the most gallant nature, being in the terrific assault at the "bloody angle," where it lost 23 killed, 73 wounded and 93 prisoners, out of 225 engaged. On May 16 it was detailed as engineer troops and through the rest of the campaign fought at the North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, the Crater, the Weldon railroad, Reams' station, Poplar Spring Church, Pegram's farm, the Boydton road and Hatcher's run. It remained near the Appomattox river during the winter and in the attack of the enemy on Fort Stedman in March, 1865, the regiment as skirmishers repelled those of the enemy, capturing 65 prisoners. It was engaged at Petersburg until the surrender on April 3, and was on guard and provost duty unt1l the 24th. It was then ordered to Washington, part1cipated in the grand review, and was mustered out at Tenallytown on June 3, 1865. Its original strength was 982: gain by recruits, 97; total, 1,079. Loss by death, 283.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles E. Doolittle, John W. Horner; Lieutenant-Colonels, George L. Spaulding, Edwin M. Hubbard. Majors, John W. Horner, James D. Hinckley. This regiment was organized at Hillsdale, and was mustered in August 26, 1862. It left the state September 4, reported at Cincinnati, and was stationed at Lexington, Kentucky, from November 1, 1862, until February 21, 1863. It then moved to Danville and was with the forces that retreated from Danville on the 24th, skirmishing with those of Pegram as they left. On the 28th the regiment joined in pursuit of Pegram, making a long, rough march to Buck creek. It returned to Stanford, then moved to Lebanon, and thence to Nashville, where it was employed as provost guard from November 1, 1863 to June n, 1864. Ordered south, it reached Decatur, Alabama, in June and was placed on garrison and scouting duty. It was a part of the force which surprised Patterson's brigade of cavalry at Pond springs, capturing their camp equipage, wagons and comm1ssary stores, and in July it assisted in routing the same brigade at Courtland, being the only infantry engaged at either time. It left Decatur in September to reinforce the garrison at Athens, reaching there just in time to repel Roddey's command. It joined in pursuit of Wheeler, overtaking and skirmishing with his rear-guard at Shoal creek, and then returned to Decatur. A detachment of 231, en route to reinforce the garrison at Athens, was attacked by a force under Forrest, numbering about 4,000, when within 2 miles of Athens, and after 5 hours' desperate fighting was compelled to surrender. The regiment participated in the successful defense of Decatur against Hood's army, a detachment dislodging a body of sharpshooters in rifle-pits near one of the forts and capturing n5 pr1soners. The regiment remained at Decatur until November 25, and then moved to Stevenson, where it was engaged in building fortifications until December 19. It was ordered back to Decatur where it was on garrison duty until January n, 1865, when it proceeded to Huntsville for post duty. It was ordered to Nashville in June and was mustered out June 26, 1865. Its original strength was 1,002: gain by recruits, 372; total, 1,374. Loss by death, 310.

Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Henry C. Gilbert; Lieutenant-Colonels, David Bacon, William R. Shatter, John J. Baker; Majors, William R. Shatter, George C. Barnes. This regiment was organized at Dowagiac in July and August, and was mustered in September 5, 1862. It left the state September 14, reported at Cincinnati, and was stationed in Kentucky until January, in Coburn's brigade, Baird's division, Army of Kentucky. It moved to Nashville, thence to Franklin, and in March, while on a reconnaissance, was in a skirmish with a small band, and met the enemy in force at Thompson's station. After repelling several attacks it was at last overwhelmed and compelled to surrender, but not until it had captured the colors of the 4th Miss, and several prisoners. The fight lasted 5 hours, when their ammunition was exhausted, the loss being 113 killed and wounded out of 512 engaged. Those of the regiment who escaped and those who had been left in camp were sent to Brentwood, organized with the fragments of a brigade, placed in command of an officer of another regiment and surrendered to Forrest at Murfreesboro without being given an opportunity to fire a gun—a shameful affair, which was bitterly resented by the men. The enlisted men were soon paroled and sent north, the commissioned officers were exchanged at Camp Chase, Ohio, and reached Nashville June n, 1863. The regiment was ordered to Murfreesboro in July for garrison duty. Co. D, 50 men, stationed at Stone's river, was attacked in October by a large force and after a gallant fight surrendered, but after being plundered the men were released. The regiment was then ordered to McMinnville and attached to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 20th corps. It built several forts, a railroad bridge, put a saw-mill in operation and got out lumber for blockhouses. It moved to Lookout valley in April, 1864 and then with the army for Georgia. It was engaged in the battle of Resaca, participating in a charge in which a battery was taken, and lost 14 killed and 66 wounded, Colonel Gilbert being mortally wounded. In the charge at Cassville and at New Hope Church the 10th lost 6 killed and 51 wounded. It was engaged at Golgotha, Kolb's farm, aided in repelling an attack at Peachtree creek, and was in the siege of Atlanta, most of the time under fire. The greater part of the regiment advanced from Turner's ferry on September 2 in a reconnaissance toward Atlanta, and finding the city evacuated took possession. The remainder entered the following day. On September 5 the regiment was detached for guard duty, and in November it joined the advance on Savannah and took an active part in siege. It moved into South Carolina in January, 1865, destroyed the arsenal and public buildings at Fayetteville, and was in the engagement at Averasboro, its brigade assaulting and carrying the enemy's works, capturing his artillery and many prisoners. At Bentonville it was in line of battle, but was not engaged. It then proceeded to Raleigh and after Johnston's surrender marched to Alexandria, arriving there May 18. ft participated in the grand review and was mustered out June 10, 1865. The original strength was 995: gain by recruits, 243; total, 1,238. Loss by death, 237.

Twentieth Infantry.—Colonel, A. W. Williams; Lieutenant-Colonels, H. W. Smith, Byron M. Cutcheon, Claudius B. Grant, Clement A. Lounsberry; Majors, B. M. Cutcheon, George C. Barnes, Prank Porter. This regiment was organized at Jackson and was mustered in August 19, 1862. It left the state September 1 and went into camp at Fort Lyon, near Alexandria, Virginia. It moved to Leesboro on the 8th and to Sharpsburg on the 18th, as part of the 1st division, 9th army corps. It then moved to Nolan's ford and Waterford, went into camp at Falmouth, and was in reserve at the battle of Fredericksburg. It encamped at Newport News in February, 1863, and on March 19 left for Kentucky. It was in the fight with Morgan's forces at Horse Shoe bend, where without support, retreat cut off by the stream, and with no intrenchments, it repulsed a brigade charge, dr1ving it with the bayonet, held off a division, and withdrew in good order. Less then 400 men held back nearly 4,000, the Union loss being 9 killed and 35 wounded, while the enemy's loss was 157 killed and nearly 300 wounded. It was ordered to Vicksburg in June and aided in fortifying Haynes' bluff and Oak ridge. After Vicksburg's fall, it moved to Jackson, but returned to Haynes' bluff on July 24 and early in August proceeded to Tennessee. It was in the engagements at Blue Springs, Loudon, Lenoir's and Campbell's stations, sustaining at the last place an attack for 2 hours before being reinforced. It then marched to Knoxville and aided in its defense during the siege. It assisted in repelling an assault on Fort Sanders on November 29, was in an engagement at Thurley's ford, fought at Strawberry Plains, and forced the enemy's position at Chucky river, capturing camp baggage, horses and arms. Early in 1864 it joined the Army of the Potomac and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 9th corps. It was in the battle of the Wilderness, fought at the Ny river, was nearly surrounded in the attack on the enemy's works at Spottsylvania, but fought its way out with a loss of 30 killed, 82 wounded and 31 missing. It was engaged at the North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, the first charge upon the lines at Petersburg, and the next day lost almost half its numbers in a field charge, the regiment numbering but 106 men the following morning. It remained in the trenches until Burnside's mine was exploded on July 30, when it captured many prisoners, but lost one-half the force engaged, its colors being the last displayed on the enemy's work on the withdrawal. The regiment was then engaged at the Weldon railroad, Reams' station, Poplar Spring Church, Pegram's farm, the Boydton road and Hatcher's run, after which it took a position in the trenches before Petersburg and remained there during the winter. It was in the engagement at Fort Stedman in March, 1865, being deployed on the picket line, and captured 350 prisoners. On April 3 it participated in the charge into Petersburg and was placed on provost duty. It was ordered to City Point on the 20th, moved from there to Alexandria, then to Georgetown, was in the grand review at Washington, and was mustered out on May 30. Its original strength was 1,012: gain by recruits, 145; total, 1,157. Loss by death, 290.

Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Ambrose A. Stevens, William H. McCreery; Lieutenant-Colonels, W1lliam L. Whipple, Morris B. Wells, Loomis K. Bishop; Majors, Isaac Hunting, Seymour Chase, Benton D. Fox. This regiment was organized at Ionia and was mustered in September 4, 1862. It left the state September 12, reported at Cincinnati, was sent to Louisville, entered upon the march through Kentucky, and was in the battle of Perryville, rendering efficient service. It reached Nashville November 12, and joined the advance towards Murfreesboro, being engaged at Lavergne, Stewart's creek and at Stone's river, where it lost 17 k1lled, 85 wounded and 37 missing. It was with Sill's brigade, Sheridan's division, which blocked the enemy and saved the army. It remained on picket and guard duty at Murfreesboro until June, when it moved to Tullahoma, and was afterward stationed at Cowan, Anderson's station and Bridgeport. On September 2, it advanced into Georgia, participated in the battle of Chickamauga, with the same brigade as at Stone's river, and was in the hottest of the fight after the breaking of the line by Longstreet. Sheridan's division was forced back, but in good order, and by a charge drove the enemy back and regained its position. Being unsupported, it was again driven back, the 21st losing n killed, 58 wounded, 35 missing and 3 prisoners. It was detached to form part of the engineer brigade and was engaged in that work during the engagement at Missionary r1dge. It was stationed near Chattanooga until June, 1864, building a bridge and erecting storehouses. On June 11 it was ordered to Lookout mountain, engaging in building hospitals, running mills, and on picket duty. It was relieved from engineer duty in September and joined Rousseau's forces in pursuit of Forrest into Alabama. It was ordered to Chattanooga, and Dalton, Georgia, in October, and received orders on November 1 to join the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 14th army corps, for the march to the sea. It moved to Milledgeville, then toward Augusta, but changed its course and marched to Savannah, where the regiment was in the trenches on short rations and without covering until December 18. After the evacuation it refitted for the Carolina campaign, proceeded to S1ster's ferry, where it crossed the Savannah river February 5, was in the engagement at Averasboro, and was heavily engaged at Bentonville, losing 92 officers and men killed and wounded out of 230. It reached Goldsboro on March 25, after a 64 days' march, with an issue of but 12 days' rations. It moved to Haywood, where it remained until Johnston's surrender and then marched to Richmond, 280 miles, in less than 8 days. It participated in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out June 8, 1865. Its original strength was 1,108: gain by recruits 369; total 1,477. Loss by death, 368.

Twenty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Moses Wisner, Heber Le Favour; Lieutenant-Colonels, Heber Le Favour, William Sanborn, Henry S. Dean; Majors, William Sanborn, Henry S. Dean, John Atkinson, Alonzo M. Keeler. This regiment was organized at Pontiac and was mustered in August 29, 1862. It left the state September 4, being ordered to Lexington, Kentucky, and was stationed at that point, Danville and Nicholasville until April, 1863. Colonel Wisner died at Lexington of typhoid fever, Lieutenant-Colonel Le Favour was commissioned colonel, Major Sanborn, lieutenant-colonel and Captain H. S. Dean, major. The regiment was attacked at Danville in March and fell back to Hickman bridge. It was stationed at Nashville from April 14 to September 5, then moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, thence to Ringgold, Georgia. It partic1pated at Chickamauga, where, after fighting for 3 hours, exhausting its ammunition, it charged into overwhelming numbers with the bayonet, driving the enemy back until overcome by too great a force, when most of the number were taken prisoners. General Whittaker says he "never heard such heavy musketry and never saw such magnificent charges." Out of 584 officers and men who went into action, 36 were killed, 91 wounded and 262 captured, among the latter being Colonel Le Favour. The remnant of the 22nd was ordered to the rear and proceeded to Moccasin point, where it was employed until October 28, under constant fire from Lookout mountain, in bu1lding fortifications. It was attached to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 14th corps. Its strength on September 29 was 149 enlisted men, 9 lieutenants and 2 captains. At Chickamauga, Johnny Clem, the regiment's 10-year-old drummer, was acting as a marker, but finding his occupation gone, picked up a gun and commenced blazing away on his own hook. Left alone, a Confederate colonel found him and ordered him to surrender. Johnny swung his gun into range and the colonel tumbled from his horse. Johnny was captured later, but made his escape and trudged to Chattanooga by night. He afterwards received a military education and became an army officer. The regiment was attached to the engineer brigade in November and remained near Chattanooga until May 26, 1864, engaged in building bridges, roads and storehouses, cutting timber and getting out lumber. On May 31 it joined the Army of the Cumberland, when it and the 9th Michigan were organized into a "Reserve" brigade. It participated in the movement toward Atlanta, and was on provost duty in that city from September 8 to October 31. It moved to Marietta, thence to Chattanooga, where it remained until April, 1865, as a part of the "Reserve" brigade, and was engaged in provost and steamer guard duty. On April 1 it was transferred to Steedman's command, and on the 7th was attached to the 3d brigade, separate division. Army of the Cumberland. It was ordered to Nashville on June 20 and was mustered out June 26. Its original strength was 997: gain by recruits, 589; total, 1,586. Loss by death, 374.

Twenty-third Infantry.— Colonels, Marshall W. Chapin, Oliver L. Spaulding; Lieutenant-Colonels, Gilbert E. Pratt, William W. Wheeler, Henry S. Raymond; Majors, Benjamin F. Fisher, Benjamin W. Huston, John Garland. This regiment was organized at East Saginaw and was mustered in September 13, 1862. It left the state September 18 for Kentucky, was assigned to the 10th division of Rosecrans' army, and was stationed at Bowling Green until May 29, 1863. A detachment of 25 men under Lieutenant Wellington, in charge of a train, was attacked by a large force of guerrillas in April, but repulsed the assault. The regiment moved to Glasgow and Tompkinsville and in July joined in pursuit of Morgan. It was in a skirmish at Paris, and left that place on August 4, for New Market, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 23d corps. It participated in the advance into East Tennessee, and reached Loudon September 4, remaining at this point until the middle of November except for a few minor movements. It was engaged at Huff's ferry, and was in the retreat to Knoxville, being engaged at Campbell's station for 5 hours on the march. In the retreat its brigade brought up the rear, and its repeated repulses of the enemy were such as to call forth almost extravagant praise from the officers present, including General Burnside himself. It ass1sted in the defense of Knoxville until the siege ended, then pursued the enemy, and went into camp at Blain's cross-roads on December 13. It was ordered to Strawberry plains on the 25th for work on fortifications and was in an engagement at Dandridge in January, 1864. It was then on picket duty at Knoxville until February 15, suffering an attack by cavalry in January, and then moved to Strawberry plains, being on duty at that point, New Market, Morristown and Mossy creek until May. It participated in the movement towards Atlanta, be1ng engaged at Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, where it lost 62 men, killed and wounded, at the Etowah river, before Dallas, at New Hope Church, Lost mountain, Chattahoochee river, the siege of Atlanta, and Lovejoy's Station. It was then at Decatur until October 3, when it joined in pursuit of Hood through Georgia and Alabama and into Tennessee. It was at Johnsonville, Tennessee, during November; was engaged at Columbia, Duck river, Spring Hill and Franklin, where it repulsed two assaults, the last in a hand-to-hand struggle. It was in the battle at Nashville, making a daring assault the first day upon the enemy, posted behind a stone wall on a hill, carrying the position in a gallant manner and capturing more prisoners than there were men in the fine of the regiment. It joined in pursuit of the enemy to Columbia and left there on January 1, 1865, for Washington, D. C. It was at Camp Stoneman until February 9, then proceeded to Smithville, N. C, which was reached on the 15th, and was in the attack on Fort Anderson, occupying the fort after its reduction, being the first to enter. It was engaged at Town creek, taking 350 prisoners, moved then to Wilmington, thence to. Kinston, and occupied Goldsboro on the 22nd. It marched to Raleigh with Sherman's army, thence to Greensboro and on to Salisbury, which place was reached May 9. It remained until June 28, upon which date the regiment was mustered out. Its original strength was 983; gain by recruits, 434; total, 1,417. Loss by death, 287.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Henry A. Morrow; Lieutenant-Colonels, Mark Flanigan, William D. Wight, Albert M. Edwards; Majors, Henry W. Nail, Edwin B. Wight, William Hutchinson. This regiment was organized at Detroit, was recruited mostly in Wayne county, and was mustered into service August 15, 1862. It left Detroit August 29 to join the Army of the Potomac, and arrived in Washington, D. C., September 2. It occupied a number of d1fferent camps, made many long marches during September, October and November, and formed a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1 st corps. It crossed the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg December 12, and during the 13th and 14th supported a battery, being constantly under fire of the enemy's guns and losing heavily in killed and wounded. At Port Royal the regiment made a brilliant attack, capturing a number of prisoners and driving the enemy from the place. The 24th again crossed the Rappahannock on April 29 and drove the enemy from his works, capturing a number of prisoners with considerable loss to the regiment in killed and wounded. It entered upon the Pennsylvania campaign and during the first day of the battle of Gettysburg lost 22 officers killed or wounded, 71 enlisted men killed and 223 wounded, a total loss of 316. The regiment marched from the battle-field in pursuit of the retreating Confederates, crossed the Potomac and reached the Rappahannock August 1. During the summer and fall it made a number of long marches, occupied important positions, and came in contact with the enemy at Mine run, where it distinguished itself by driving htm into his works and capturing a number of prisoners. It went into winter quarters at Culpeper until May 3, 1864, when it crossed the Rapidan and took part in the desperate struggle of the Wilderness. In its engagements with the enemy 1n the wilds of the Wilderness it captured the colors of the 48th Va. infantry, together with a large number of prisoners, but at a cost of 18 killed, 46 wounded and 42 missing. From the Wilderness the regiment marched to Spottsylvania, where it was constantly under fire until May 21, losing 11 killed and 39 wounded. In crossing the North Anna the regiment was attacked, but repulsed the enemy w1th a loss to the 24th of 3 killed, 8 wounded and 5 missing. In the advance upon Cold Harbor it met with considerable loss, and after crossing the James river made a successful assault upon the enemy at Petersburg, taking into action 120 men and losing 38 in killed and wounded. The regiment participated in the siege of Petersburg, meeting with considerable loss from the enemy's artillery and sharpshooters. On October 27 it was engaged in the battle of Hatcher's run and took part in several expeditions around Petersburg, and though reduced in number by constant losses, still fought with spirit and vigor. Its last serious engagement was at Dabney's mill in February. 1865, soon after which it was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, for special duty, and from that city it was sent to Springfield, Illinois, where it did garrison duty at a camp rendezvous, While there it served as escort at the funeral of President Lincoln. On June 19 it left Springfield for Detroit, Michigan, where it was mustered out and disbanded June 30, 1865. The 24th had borne on its rolls 2,054 officers and men, and its loss was 313, as follows: 12 officers and n8 men killed in action, 1 officer and 38 men died of wounds, and 2 officers and 142 men of disease.

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Orlando H. Moore; Lieutenant-Colonel, Benjamin F. Orcutt; Major, Dewitt C. Fitch. This regiment was organized at Kalamazoo and was mustered in September 22, 1862. It left the state September 29 and reported at Louisville, being stationed there until December 8, when it was ordered to Munfordville and participated in a skirmish on the 26th. It then moved to Bowling Green and was on provost, picket and train guard duty until March 26, 1863, when it was ordered to Lebanon and joined the pursuit of the enemy under Pegram. It was then placed on provost and guard duty at Louisville, Cos. D, E, F, I and K being detached and sent under command of Colonel Moore to Green River br1dge, near Columbia. Hearing of the approach of Morgan with a cavalry force of over 3,000, Moore stationed his little force of 300 in a horse-shoe bend of the river, flanked by high bluffs, felled trees on the battle line and threw up earth works, the latter being manned by 75 men, to check the advance. When the enemy appeared he was checked, his battery of 4 pieces silenced by sharpshooters, e1ght field charges repelled, an attempted flank movement defeated, and the force finally driven back with a loss in killed and wounded greater in numbers than that of the little force opposing, 22 commissioned officers being of the number. This brought forth strong commendation and praise from all sources, and Morgan himself complimented Moore, "promoting-him to brigadier-general." The Louisv1lle Courier-Journal retracted some harsh things it had said about him as provost-marshal, eulogized his bravery and that of his men. and the state legislature passed complimentary resolutions. Morgan had intended dashing into Louisville and taking the city, but this action upset his plans. The companies at Louisville joined the others at Lebanon in August, and with the 1st brigade, 1st division, 23d corps, participated in the movements of September and October in East Tennessee. It encamped at Loudon late in October, moved to Kingston November 9, was engaged in its defense, fought at Mossy creek, was then in camp until January 18, 1864, when it moved to Knoxville. It advanced to Morristown 1n February, but returned to Mossy creek on March 18. On April 25 it started on the Atlanta campaign, was engaged at Rocky Face ridge, at Resaca, where it participated in a charge across an open field and through a creek, losing 50 men in a few minutes, then at Cassville, the Etowah river, Kingston, Allatoona, Pine mountain, Lost mountain, Kolb's farm, Kennesaw mountain, Nickajack creek, the Chattahoochee river and Decatur, and reached Atlanta on July 22. It charged the works at East Point and was engaged at Utoy creek. After Atlanta's fall it occupied Decatur, having been under fire 58 days and nights during the campaign. It left Decatur October 4, in pursuit of Hood through Alabama and Georgia; was engaged at Rome and Cedar bluffs; then moved into Tennessee; was engaged at Pine creek, Franklin and Nashville; was then ordered to North Carolina, where it participated in the movements of Schofield's army until Johnston's surrender, when it was ordered to Salisbury and was mustered out June 24, 1865. Its original strength was 896: gain by recruits, 92; total 988. Loss by death, 166.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Judson S. Farrar, Henry H. Wells; Lieutenant-Colonel, Henry H. Wells; Majors, William D. Donnell, Nathan Church. This regiment was organized at Jackson and was mustered in December 12, 1862. It left the state December 13, reported at Washington, was assigned to provost duty at Alexandria, and was thus employed until April, 1863, when it was sent to Suffolk, Virginia, for defense. On June 20 it moved to Yorktown, marched to the Chickahominy, then returned to Yorktown and proceeded to New York to maintain peace in the draft riots. It joined the Army of the Potomac October 13, was attached to this, 1st brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, and came to be recognized as the skirmish regiment of the division. It was engaged at Mine run and then went into winter quarters at Stevensburg. It was at the battle of the Wilderness, part of the time in reserve, and charged Stuart's dismounted cavalry on May 7, capturing a number of prisoners and important despatches. It was in the engagements at Corbin's bridge, the Ny river, the Po river and Spottsylvania, where it participated in the charge of the 2nd corps when the works were carried in a hand-to-hand fight with the bayonet, the colors of the 26th being the first planted. It also captured 2 brass guns and the gunners, its loss being 27 killed, 98 wounded and 14 missing. It was next engaged at the North Anna, Totopotomy, and Cold Harbor, and was in the assault at Petersburg on June 16, in which the first line was carried. It fought at the Weldon railroad, was engaged at Deep Bottom, where its brigade drove the enemy and captured 4 guns, the 26th leading in skirmish line. The regiment attacked double its numbers the following day and drove them for half a mile. In August it was engaged at Strawberry Plains, White Oak swamp, and Reams' station, where it assisted in repelling repeated assaults and took part in the charge when the works taken by the enemy were retaken. It remained before Petersburg during the winter and in March, 1865, charged the enemy's works at Peebles' farm, capturing a portion of them. It was in action at Hatcher's run, the Boydton road, White Oak road, Sutherland's station, Amelia Springs, Deatonsville, Sailor's creek, High bridge and Farmville, and was at Appomattox when Lee surrendered, having captured over 400 prisoners between March 28 and April 9, and lost 60 killed and wounded. It was ordered to Washington on May 2, was in the grand review, and was mustered out at Bailey's cross-roads, June 4. The original strength was 903: gain by recruits, 95; total; 998. Loss by death 259.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Dorus M. Fox, Byron M. Cutcheon. Charles Waite; Lieutenant-Colonels, John F. Richardson, William B. Wright. Edward S. Leadbeater; Mais.. William B. Wright, Samuel Moody, Daniel G. Cash. This regiment was organized at Ypsilanti and was mustered in, April 10, 1863, with eight companies. It left the state April 12, and was ordered to Kentucky, being stationed at various points, and was in a skirmish at Jamestown June 2. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, was ordered to Vicksburg and was in the siege from June 22 to July 4. It was in action at Jackson, July n, and was in camp at Milldale from July to November, when it was attached to the 2nd brigade of the same division and encamped at Lenoir's station, Tennessee. It participated in the engagements at Loudon, Lenoir's station, Campbell's station, the defense of Knoxville, and aided in repelling the assault upon Fort Sanders on November 29. It joined in the pursuit of Longstreet on his withdrawal, following h1m to Rutledge, and then encamping at Blain's cross-roads until January 16, 1864. It was engaged at Strawberry plains and in a battle near Knoxville in January. It was joined in March by the new companies I and K, and a goodly number of recruits. On March 17 it commenced its march to Nicholasville, Kentucky, where it moved by train to Annapolis, and was joined there by two companies of sharpshooters. On April 29 the regiment joined the Army of the Potomac at Warrenton and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, same corps. It participated in the battle of the Wilderness, losing 89 in killed and wounded, at the Ny river, and in the heavy engagement at Spottsylvania, losing 27 killed, 148 wounded and 12 missing. It was engaged at Ox ford on the North Anna, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor, and was in the charges at Petersburg June 17-18. The losses of the regiment during June were 21 killed, 149 wounded and 23 missing. It was in the advanced line of works the greater part of July, leading its brigade on the 30th when the mine was sprung and reaching the crater under a murderous fire. July's loss was 24 killed, 92 wounded and 27 missing. The regiment was engaged at the Weldon railroad, Reams' station, Poplar Spring Church, Pegram's farm, the Boydton road, Hatcher's run, rema1ned before Petersburg during the winter, and was engaged at Fort Stedman, in March, 1865. At Fort Mahon, April 2, after the rifle-pits were taken the 27th, with only 123 men, crying "Fort or nothing!" left its brigade, gained the walls under terrible fire, planted its colors on the east wing, capturing 3 pieces of artillery and 164 prisoners, and holding its position during the day against repeated assaults. The regiment entered Petersburg on the 3d and was engaged in picket duty until ordered to Washington. It participated in the grand review and was mustered out at Tenallytown July 26, 1865. Its original strength was 865: gain by new companies and recruits, 1,164; total, 2.039Loss by death, 417.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, William W. Wheeler; Lieutenant-Colonel, George T. Shaffer; Major, Morris J. Frink. This regiment was organized at Kalamazoo and was mustered in October 26, 1864. It left the state October 26, reached Louisville on the 29th, and was ordered to Camp Nelson to act as guard for a wagon train from that point to Nashville, reaching the latter place December 5. It was then assigned to a brigade under command of General Miller, then in command of the post at Nashville. Colonel Wheeler, who had been commissioned from the 23d infantry, assumed command on the 9th. The regiment was assigned to the 23d army corps and participated in the battle of Nashville in December, gaining a reputation for valor at once. It embarked on January n, 1865, for Eastport, Mississippi, but on reaching Paducah was ordered to Louisville, from there to Annapolis, but en route was directed to proceed to Alexandria, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 23d corps. It took transports February 19 for Morehead City, N. C., moving from there to New Berne, which place was reached on the 25th. It joined General Cox's forces near Wilmington, was engaged at Wise's Forks, and in heavy skirmishing that followed. In the enemy's charge in which the lines were broken, the brigade of which the 28th formed a part, made a counter-charge on the double-quick, driving the enemy back and capturing over 300 prisoners. A heavy assault made later was repulsed after a 2 hours' fight, the 28th being among the first to reach the threatened point. It then moved to Goldsboro for railroad guard duty, and after the cessation of hostilities, was on duty at Goldsboro, Raleigh, Charlotte, Lincolntown, Wilmington and New Berne. It was mustered out at Raleigh June 5, 1865. Its original strength was 886: gain by recruits, 359; total, 1,245. Loss by death, 128.

Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas Saylor; Lieutenant-Colonel, E. Frank Eddy; Major, Alpheus M. Beebe. This regiment was organized at Saginaw, and was mustered in October 3, 1864. It left the state October 6, reported at Nashville and was ordered to Decatur, Alabama. Reaching there on the 26th, it was at once placed behind breastworks, from which the right wing was moved to the front to occupy the line of rifle-pits on the left. The other wing was ordered out, 100 men being sent to Fort No. 1. The regiment performed most effective work, in this, their first battle, an assault of 5,000 on a force of less than half that number being repulsed. It garrisoned at Decatur until November 24, then proceeded to Murfreesboro, and formed part of the force at that point during the demonstration of the enemy. It was engaged at Overall's creek, and was attacked by a superior force at Winsted Church while escorting a railroad train, but it gave vigorous battle and repulsed the enemy with some loss. It re-laid the track under fire, saved the train and took it into Murfreesboro by hand, the engine having been disabled by a shell. It was next engaged on the Shelbyville pike, defending a forage train against two brigades of cavalry, and was also engaged at Nolensville. It was on railroad guard duty from December 27, 1864, until July, 1865, and was then employed in garrison duty at Murfreesboro unt1l September 5. It was mustered out September 6, 1865. Its original strength was 856: gain by recruits, 614; total 1,470. Loss by death, 71.

Thirtieth Infantry.—Colonel, Grover S. Wormer; Lieutenant-Colonel, John D. Summer; Major, Samuel E. Graves. This regiment was organized at Detroit and was mustered in January 9, 1865, for one year. It did not leave the state, having been organized for the protection of the frontier from Confederate refugees in Canada, who, with their sympathizers there, were threatening the cities along the boundary of the United States. The officers had all seen service at the front and many of the men in the ranks had been in active service. Cos. A and B were stationed at Fort Gratiot, D at St. Clair, E at Wyandotte, K at Jackson, H at Fenton, G in Detroit, and C, F and I at Detroit barracks. The regiment was mustered out June 30, 1865. Its original strength was 1,001 Loss by disease, 1 officer and 17 men.

First Colored Infantry (102nd U. S. Colored Troops).—Colonels, Henry Henry Barnes, Henry L. Chipman; Lieutenant-Colonel, William T. Bennett; Major, Newcome Clark. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1863 and was mustered in February 17, 1864. It left the state March 28 and joined the 9th army corps at Annapolis. On April 15 it took transports for Hilton Head, S. C. Colonel Barnes resigned and was succeeded by Captain Chipman of the U. S. army. Detachments were employed on picket duty for a month and the regiment then garrisoned at Port Royal and Beaufort until August 1, when it embarked for Jacksonville, Florida. It was engaged at Baldwin with a force of cavalry, which it repulsed, and then made a circuit of eastern Florida—100 miles in 5 days. It built a fort at Magnolia and then returned to Beaufort, reaching there on August 31. It was On picket duty by detachments at Coosa, Lady's and Port Royal islands, that at Lady's island having a skirmish with a force that attempted to land, under cover of night, driving them off. A detachment of 300, with the troops under General Foster, was engaged at Honey Hill in November and joined in repelling a charge, maintaining a steady line and fighting desperately, hauling off 2 pieces of artillery which had been abandoned. A correspondent, speaking of the determination of the men to continue fighting after being wounded, said: "Such bravery I never saw before. I have known men to fight as well and bravely as ever men fought, but never before have I known men to fight on after being severely wounded." A detachment was also engaged at Deveaux neck in December. The regiment came together at Deveaux neck January 24, 1865, and moved to Pocotaligo. It destroyed the railroad and built breastworks, and a bridge across the Ashepoo river. It proceeded to Charleston neck and took transports for Savannah in March, where it was for a time on picket and fatigue duty. It returned by transport to Georgetown, the right wing being ordered thence to Charleston neck, and made a daring expedition to join General Potter on the Santee river, through a country held by the enemy, a distance of 70 miles. A large body of cavalry attacked it on the way, but it was driven off after a vigorous fight. The left wing left Georgetown with Potter's forces and was engaged in several skirmishes. Near Manchester it joined in flanking the enemy, driving him from the field in disorder. The two wings united and were engaged in a spirited contest with the enemy at Singleton's plantation, in which the regiment was victorious. Co. A, on picket, repulsed an attack by a force of 200. The regiment returned to Georgetown and was ordered to camp at Charleston neck. On May 7 it proceeded to Orangeburg and was on provost and fatigue duty there unt1l July 28, when it was ordered to Winnsboro for similar serv1ce. It was mustered out at Charleston September 30, 1865. Its original strength was 895: gain by recruits, 551; total, 1,446. Loss by death, 140.

First Engineers.—Colonels, William P. Innes, John B. Yates; Lieutenant-Colonels, Kinsman A. Hunton, Garrett Hannings; Majors, Enos Hopkins, Perrin V. Fox, Marcus Grant, Emery O. Crittenton, Joseph J. Rhodes. This regiment was organized at Marshall and was mustered in October 29, 1861. It left the state December 17 and reported to General Buell at Louisville. Cos. B, E and I, under Colonel Innes, were ordered to report to General McCook, at Munfordville, then moved for Bowling Green, and on the 28th for Nashville. Cos. D, F and G, under Lieutenant-Colonel Hunton, were ordered to report to General Thomas at Lebanon. They took part in the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, and joined the regiment at Columbia in April. Cos. C and H, commanded by Major Hopkins, were ordered to report to General Nelson at New Haven, Kentucky, and joined the regiment at Nashville in February. Cos. A and K, under Captain J. B. Yates, were ordered to report to General Mitchell at Bacon creek, Kentucky, and accompanied the first Union troops into Bowling Green after its evacuation by the enemy. The regiment was ordered to Shiloh in April and built several bridges en route with such rapidity that Buell was enabled to reach the field in time to bring victory out of disastrous defeat. It received special mention by Buell. Cos. A and K, under Major Yates, left Nashville with General Mitchell's division, going to Huntsville, Alabama, and was employed during May in running trains over the Memphis & Charleston and Nashville & Decatur railroads. The other eight companies moved towards Corinth, building roads and placing siege guns, and in June proceeded towards Decatur, building bridges and trestles, and putting the railroad in running order. In July the entire regiment was at Huntsville, actively engaged in track replacing and bridge and trestle work. In August Co. E was detached for fortif1cation work at Huntsville. Cos. A, B, D, G and H were sent to Nashville and occupied until the middle of September in bridge building. C, F, K and I were sent to Stevenson and joined the regiment at Gallatin. The entire regiment took up the march for Bowling Green, thence for Louisville, and Cos. A, C and K took part in the battle of Perryville, where they were joined by the others on October 12. The regiment moved to Nashville and went into camp at Mill creek, where it built nine bridges. It was ordered to La Vergne Jan 1, 1863, and engaged in a skirmish. Its wagon train. in position of a half circle, with hastily constructed breastworks of logs and brush, was attacked by Wheeler's cavalry, numbering over 3,000, with a section of artillery, and 315 officers and men fought this force for 5 hours, repulsing seven assaults, the horsemen charging up to the very breastworks and the enemy's artillery being constantly employed. The enemy drew off at night w1th a loss of 50 killed and more wounded. By this repulse the rear of the army and most of its baggage train was saved. A correspondent said of it: "The scene was at times thrilling beyond description. The rebel horde dashed their horses against the circular brush fence with infuriated shouts and curses. * * * They were met with staggering volleys. Horses and riders recoiled again and again until they despaired, and soon swept away through the dense forests. * * * Truly, this was one of the most gallant affairs of the campaign." A standard of organization having been established in 1862, the regiment was allowed 12 companies of 150 each. From January 1toJune2o, 1863, it was employed in general construction and repair work 1n the vicinity of La Vergne, Murfreesboro, Smyrna and Nashville, and on October 31 was stationed at Elk creek. Its excellent work in putting into position greatly needed pontoon bridges at Chattanooga was specially noticed in orders. During the winter, spring and summer, the regiment was constantly employed in building trestle work, bridges, store houses, blockhouses and hospitals, in saw-mill work at Chattanooga and Bridgeport, and along the railway lines as far south as Decatur and Stevenson, Alabama. It was ordered to Atlanta September 25, and in October 148 reet1listed as veterans, which with the recruits enabled the regiment to maintain its full organization. It was constantly employed on the Atlanta campaign and on the march to Savannah, keeping up with the army, tearing up railroad track, destroying bridges and building roads. On January 26, 1865, it took transports for Beaufort, S. C., and joined the march to Goldsboro, N. C., during which it destroyed 30 miles of track, built 8 or 10 bridges and made miles of corduroy road. Cos. L and M, detached at Stevenson the previous summer, constructed defenses at that point assisted on the defenses of the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad, on November 28 were moved to Elk River bridge, and were stationed in detachments along the line of the road to Murfreesboro, building blockhouses. Most of these detachments were at Fort Rosecrans during December. On December 5 a detachment from Co. L was captured, after 6 hours hard fighting, while acting as train guard. Cos. L and M left Murfreesboro March 1, 1865, moved by rail to New York, by water to Beaufort, N. C., and joined the regiment at Goldsboro March 25. The regiment moved from Goldsboro to Raleigh and from there to Washington. It participated in the grand review and was then ordered to Nashville. It was mustered out, September 22, 1865. Its original strength was 1,032: gain by recruits, 2,168; total 3.200. Loss by death, 342. Its entire service was arduous and of the highest importance. Although not engaged in many battles as a fighting regiment it was often under fire while engaged in constructing fortifications, roads and defenses for the army or in the destruction of railroads and public works used by the enemy.

First Sharpshooters.—Colonel, Charles V. De Land; Lieutenant-Colonels, William H. H. Beadle, Asahel W. Nichols; Majors, John Piper, E. J. Buckbee. This regiment was organized at Kalamazoo and Dearborn in 1862-63. Six companies were mustered in July 7, 1863, and left the state for Indianapolis and thence to Seymour, Indiana. They attacked Morgan's rear-guard at North Vernon, Indiana, July 13, and at Pierceville on the 14th, capturing some prisoners. They then returned to Dearborn to finish recruiting, four additional companies being mustered. The regiment left the state the second time on August 16, and was sent to Chicago to guard prisoners. On February 14, 1864, it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division 9th army corps, joining it at Annapolis in March. The regiment was engaged at the battle of the Wilderness and participated at Spottsylvania, where it lost 34 killed, 117 wounded and 4 missing, being one of those to rally from the terrible onslaught in the hand-to-hand encounters following simultaneous charges of the contending forces, when, borne back by superior numbers Burnside's army was breaking. Attacked on front and flank with a storm of shot and shell, it held its ground, stayed the tide and repulsed the enemy. It was also engaged at Ox ford on the North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor. It reached Petersburg on the 16th and participated in the charge on the 17th, assisting in repelling repeated assaults, taking 88 prisoners and the colors of the 35th N. C. Surrounded and compelled to surrender or cut its way out, it took the latter alternative, its loss being 31 killed, 46 wounded and 84 missing. It led its brigade in the charge of July 30, entering the works and taking some 50 prisoners. It was engaged at Weldon railroad. Reams' station, Poplar Spring Church, Pegram's farm, Boydton road and Hatcher's run, and was then on trench and picket duty until spring. Cos. I and K assisted in repelling the assault on Fort Stedman, March 25, 1865, and in the charge that drove the enemy behind his works captured more prisoners than they had men engaged. The regiment made a demonstration on the left of the enemy's works on April 2, getting a hold on them which was maintained for an hour under terrible fire. On the morning of the 3d it was ordered to advance and at 4 o'clock moved forward, being among the first to enter the city, raising the flag over the court house as the surrender was being received by its brigade commander. Its division (Willcox's) held an extended line of 2 miles on April 2, captured 2 forts, 9 guns and nearly 1,000 prisoners, and on the 3d the regiment led the assault that resulted in the capture of the enemy's lines, guns, tents, prisoners without number and the city itself. After Lee's surrender it moved to Georgetown, participated in the grand review at Washington, and was mustered out July 28. Total enrollment, 1,364; loss, by death, 263.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, Thornton F. Brodhead, Charles H. Town, Peter Stagg; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph T. Copeland, George R. Maxwell, Andrew W. Duggan; Majors, William S. Atwood, Angelo Paldi, Charles H. Town, Thomas M. Howrigan, Myron Hickey, Thurlow W. Lusk, Melvin Brewer, Robert Sproul, Lineus F. Warner. This regiment was organized at Detroit and mustered into the U. S. service September 13, 1861, with an enrollment of 1,144 officers and men. It left the state September 9 for Washington, D. C, and went into camp at Frederick, Maryland, where it remained several months. It comprised a part of General Banks' forces, which in February, 1862, moved to Harper's Ferry and later entered the Shenandoah Valley, advancing as far as Winchester, pushing the Confederates before them. The regiment distinguished itself in many skirmishes while advancing up the valley and companies and detachments made a number of brill1ant charges which attracted the attention of General Banks and received from him complimentary mention in orders. The regiment remained at Williamsport until June 12, when it took part in General Pope's Virginia campaign. It was in General Banks' command when he fought the battle of Cedar mountain, was engaged at Manassas, suffering severely in that battle, and during the early months of 1863 it had several skirmishes with the enemy, losing a number in killed and wounded. It was then assigned to the famous Michigan cavalry brigade, consisting of the 1st, 5th, 6th and 7th regiments, and served with the brigade until the close of the war. The brigade was formed at Washington, December 12, 1862, of the 5th, 6th and 7th regiments, the 1st being added the following spring. The brigade moved in pursuit of Lee from Fairfax Court House June 25, 1863, and on the 27th the 1st was detached to Harper's Perry, and the 7th for special duty towards Sharpsburg. The brigade was united at Hanover under the command of General Custer and was engaged at Hanover, Huntertown, and at Gettysburg, where the 1st cavalry saved Battery M and the day, meeting an entire cavalry brigade in a saber charge and driving it from the field. This was one of the most desperate as well as brilliant charges of the war and turned what appeared to be a defeat of the Union forces into a complete victory. The regiment lost at Gettysburg n officers and 80 men killed, wounded or m1ssing. On July 4 one squadron of the regiment charged the enemv at Fairfield gap, driving the Confederates out and holding it until the ent1re column passed. Two officers were killed and 17 men were killed or wounded in this charge. The regiment took part in the severe engagement at Falling Waters, where it captured 2 battle-flags, a major and 70 men. It then returned to Virginia and was constantly on duty with the brigade, meeting the enemy at many places. At James City in October, the 1st and 5th regiments were formed in column of battalions, ordered to draw sabers and, while the band played "Yankee Doodle," went forward at a full gallop, scattering the foe in their front, and afterward secured a place of safety for the whole command. On October 19 the regiment met the enemy at Buckland mills in a severe engagement and a week later fought at Morton's ford. In December, 370 of the regiment reenlisted and went to Michigan on a 30-day furlough. In February, 1864, General Kilpatrick started on a raid to Richmond, taking with him the members of the regiment who did not retalist, and they shared all the vicissitudes, dangers and hardships of the raid, actually going over the first line of works at Richmond, but were unable to go further and returned to the army after severe fighting and many losses. After the veteran furlough the regiment reassembled at Camp Stoneman, D. C., and was joined by a battalion of newly organized troops that had been recruited the previous December. The regiment was among the forces commanded by General Sheridan in his celebrated raid in the rear of Lee's army and took part in the severe engagements that were fought both in the advance upon Richmond and the return. One battalion charged the enemy conducting 400 Union prisoners to Richmond and recaptured all of them. At Yellow tavern the regiment moved forward, meeting a severe fire of grape and canister from a battery concealed on the right, but, nothing daunted, it advanced with cheers and yells, though it had to cross five fences and a narrow bridge, rode straight for the battery and captured it with a large number of prisoners. It took part in the severe engagement at Haw's shop, where the battle raged for hours with great fury, each side obstinately contesting every inch of ground. The regiment was at Cold Harbor and during a sp1rited engagement with infantry, artillery and cavalry it made a saber charge upon the enemy and broke his line, when the Confederates threw down their arms and fled, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The next morning that portion of the line held by the regiment was attacked by a large force of the enemy, but the attack was repulsed. In June it was engaged in the battle of Trevilian Station, and 1n the latter part of July was ordered to Washington to take part in the Shenandoah campaign under General Sheridan. It shared all the vicissitudes of the numerous battles that culminated in driving General Early and all Confederate forces out of the valley. In February, 1865, the regiment was a part of the forces under General Sheridan when he moved against the enemy's communications at Gordonsville, and in March fought the Confederate cavalry at Louisa Court House, defeating the enemy and destroying a large amount of public property. The regiment helped to destroy the locks, aqueducts and m1lls on the James river canal, the destruction of which was a serious embarrassment to General Lee. It fought at Five Forks and clung close to the enemy during the memorable days of the pursuit of Lee's army, everywhere striking hard blows that helped to deprive the enemy of his wagon trains and artillery, fighting desperately at Sailor's creek, where the Michigan brigade destroyed 400 wagons, captured 16 guns, and cut off General Ewell's corps from Lee's army, when General Ewell and his corps of 6,000 surrendered. After the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, the regiment was sent to North Carolina, but returned to Washington, where it took part in the grand review. It was then ordered to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, thence to Fort Laramie, Wyo. Territory, and the men endured great hardships in their campaign against the Indians in the far West. The regiment was mustered out at Salt Lake City, Utah, March 10, 1866, where the men were paid and disbanded. Its total enrollment was 2,490; killed in action, 96; m1ssing in action, 40; died of wounds, 52; died as prisoners of war, 58; died of disease, 172; drowned, 2; killed accidentally, 4; killed by Indians, 1; discharged for disability, 209.

Second Cavalry.—Colonels, Gordon Granger, Archibald P. Campbell; Lieutenant-Colonels, William C. Da vies, Frederick Fowler, Benjamin Smith, Thomas W. Johnston; Majors, Robert H. G. Minty, Charles P. Babcock, Frank W. Dickey, John C. Godley, Leonidas S. Scranton, Marshall J. Dickinson, Harrison F. Nicholson, Charles X. Baker. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in October 2, 1861. It left the state on November 14, was stationed at Benton barracks, St. Louis, was engaged in skirmishes at Point Pleasant, Tipton and New Madrid, participated in the siege of Island No. 10, and then moved with Pope's army to Mississippi. It was in the engagements at Pine hill, Monterey and Farmington, and the siege of Corinth. Colonel Granger was made brigadier-general and was succeeded by Philip H. Sheridan as colonel, but the latter was not mustered in as such. The regiment was in the engagements at Booneville, Blackland, and Baldwin, in June, 1862, and was 1n a spirited fight at Booneville July 1, where 7,000 of Chalmer's cavalry were repulsed by six companies, numbering less than 500 men. This was one of the greatest minor victories of the war. The 2nd Michigan and 2nd Louisiana cavalry followed the enemy for 20 miles, capturing a large amount of arms and clothing. The regiment was engaged at Rienzi in August, when a largely superior force was defeated and dispersed and many prisoners were captured. Colonel Sheridan was made a brigadier-general and Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell was appointed colonel. The regiment was engaged at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, then at Harrodsburg, Lancaster and the Rockcastle river. In December, 1862, and January, 1863, it was in a raid in eastern Tennessee, being engaged at Blountville, Zollicoffer, Wartrace, Jonesville, Bacon creek and Glasgow. In March it was engaged at Milton, Cainsville, Spring Hill, Columbia, Hillsboro and Brentwood. The engagement at Columbia was against a much larger force, but two battalions of the 2nd Michigan cavalry by tremendous efforts, saved the wagon trains, which were in charge of the 18th Ohio cavalry. The regiment fought at McGarvick's ford in April, and during the summer was engaged at Triune, Rover, Middletown, Shelbyville, Elk river ford, and Decherd. It participated at Chickamauga, holding an important point against an enemy, and in October was engaged in the pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry, being in action at Anderson's cross-roads. It fought at Sparta, Dandridge and Mossy creek, in December, and at Dandridge and Pigeon river in January, 1864. While at Cleveland. Tennessee, 326 reenlisted as veterans and took a furlough, rejoining the regiment in July. On the Atlanta campaign the regiment fought at Dug gap, Red Clay, the Etowah river and Acworth, and joined General Thomas' army in Tennessee. It met and defeated the enemy at Campbellville and Franklin in September; was engaged at Cypress river in October, where a force four times that of the Union army was defeated; participated at Raccoon ford, and during November was engaged at Shoal creek, Lawrenceburg, Campbellville, Columbia, Spring Hill and the battle of Franklin. During December it was engaged at Nashville, Richland creek, Pulaski and Sugar creek, and in 1865 fought at Corinth, Tuscaloosa, Trion, Bridgeville and Talladega. It was in camp at Macon from May 1 until July 17, detachments being sent to garrison Perry, Thomaston, Barnesville, Forsyth and Milledgeville. The regiment was mustered out August 17, 1865. Its original strength was 1,163; Sam I,262; total, 2,425. Loss by death, 338.

Third Cavalry.—Colonels, F. W. Kellogg, John K. Mizner; Lieutenant-Colonels, Robert H. G. Minty, Gilbert Mayers, Thomas B. Weir; Majors, Edward Gray, William S. Burton, Abel H. Foote, Thomas Saylor, Lyman G. Wilcox, Gilbert J. Hudson, Edward B. Nugent, James G. Butler. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in November 1, 1861. It left the state November 28, was stationed at Benton barracks, St. Louis, during the winter, and then joined Pope's movement against New Madrid and Island No. 10. Captain John K. Mizner took command as colonel on Mar. 31, The regiment was engaged at Farmington, Mississippi, and in the siege of Corinth, then joined Grant's forces in the campaign of Mississippi, and fought at Spangler's mills, Bay Spring, and Iuka, where it performed efficient work. Five privates captured 2 officers and a stand of colors. In October it was engaged at the battle of Corinth and the Hatchie river. During the remainder of the year it was in actions at Hudsonville, Holly Springs, Lumpkin's mill, Oxford and Coffeeville. In November Co. K made a daring tr1p. Communication between Grant and Sherman had been cut off by the destruction of railway and telegraph lines, the enemy's pickets extending to Memphis, and regiments and brigades were unable to open them or clear the way for a dash. Captain Newell and his company advanced from La Grange to Moscow, made a circuit of 17 miles by night, attacked and captured the pickets at Somerville, and charged through a regiment. Finding the bridge burned at Wolf river, the company plunged into and across the river, and being taken for Confederates, pushed through a brigade and reached Sherman's headquarters at Memphis. The regiment was engaged at Brownsville in January and Clifton 1n February. At the latter point Captain Newell of Co. K and 60 men crossed the river after nightfall in an old flat bottom boat and captured the Confederate Colonel Newsom, 3 of his captains, 4 lieutenants and 61 enlisted men, with horses, arms and equipments. The regiment was in engagements at Jackson and Panola in July, and at Grenada in August was in the advance, destroying over 60 locomotives and more than 400 cars. In October it participated at Byhalia and Wyatt's ford on the Tallahatchie river. It was engaged in scouting and numerous expeditions during November and December, meeting the enemy at Ripley, Orizaba, Ellistown, Purdy, and Jack's creek, and on January 1, 1864, went into winter quarters at La Grange, Tennessee, where 592 reenlisted as veterans, received a furlough, and reached home February 7. The regiment was ordered to St. Louis, where it was on provost duty for about two months. It reported at Little Rock May 24, and was engaged in scouting. It assisted in driving Shelby beyond the river and in dispersing guerrillas. During November, 1864, and February, 1865, it garrisoned Brownsville, and in its scouting expeditions collected large droves of cattle, supplying nearly all the beef required for the Department of Arkansas. It was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 7th army corps, which on the 14th of March was transferred to the military division of West Mississippi and ordered to Mobile, where it engaged in the siege. After the fall of that point the regiment was employed on outpost duty. On the surrender of the enemy's forces east of the Mississippi, the regiment was selected as escort of Major-General Canby, and received the formal surrender of General Taylor's army. In May the regiment moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where it joined the Texas expedition and reached San Antonio on August 2. It was engaged in garrison and escort duty and along the Mexican frontier until mustered out at San Antonio February 15, 1866. Up to November, 1863, the regiment had captured 2,100 prisoners and had marched 10,800 miles. Its original strength was 1,163: gam, x,781 , total, 2,560. Loss by death, 414.

Fourth Cavalry.—Colonel, Robert H. G. Minty; Lieutenant-Colonels, Josiah B. Parke, Benjamin D. Pritchard; Majors, Josiah B. Parke, William H. Dickinson, Horace Gray, Frank W. Mix, Horace D. Grant, Richard B. Robbins, Lansingh B. Eldridge, Robert Burns. This regiment was organized at Detroit and was mustered in August 29, 1862. It left the state September 26 for Louisville, thence to Tennessee, and was engaged at Stanford, Gallatin, Lebanon, Rural hill, Baird's mill. Hollow Tree gap, Wilson's creek road, Franklin, Laurel hill, Wilson's creek, La Vergne, Jefferson pike bridge, Nashville pike, December 30, and Stone's river before the close of the year. On December 15 Captain Abeel and a detail of 40 men were captured while under a flag of truce. One battalion under Captain Mix drove a regiment from a bridge at Jefferson pike and held it against a brigade. The regiment was in successful charges at Stone's river against superior forces. In January and February, 1863, it fought at La Vergne, Manchester pike, Harpeth river, Cumberland shoals, Bradyville, Woodbury, Rover, Charlotte and Auburn, and at Liberty drove Morgan's cavalry for 6 miles. Corporal Ketchum of Co. A and 4 men, with their revolving rifles, drove back a detachment of 41 Confederate cavalry with a loss of 6 killed and several wounded after the lieutenant in command had given an order to retreat. Lieutenant Rexford and 40 men while on picket in front of Murfreesboro were forced to fall back by an attack made by Bushrod Johnson's brigade of mounted infantry, but made a saber charge and drove the enemy for 5 miles in great confusion. The regiment was next engaged at Unionville, Thompson's station, Rutherford creek, Duck river, Prosperity Church, Liberty, Snow Hill, McMinnville, Statesville, Alexandria, Wartrace and Middletown. At the latter place it charged and drove the enemy, capturing and destroying a large quantity of ordnance stores and camp equ1page, and the standard of the 1st Alabama. cavalry. At Shelbyville it assisted in a charge when 599 prisoners and 3 pieces of artillery were taken, and the enemy was driven out in confusion, the Union forces being 1,500 and the enemy's over 4,000. A large body was driven into the river, from which over 200 bodies were taken. Through the summer of 1863 the regiment was engaged at Hickory creek, Tullahoma, Rock island, Sparta, Sperry's mill, Smith's cross-roads, Reed's bridge, the battle of Chickamauga, Rossville and Cotton Port. At Chickamauga its brigade, with less than 1,000 men in line, fought 7,000 from 7 o'clock in the morning until 5 o'clock in the evening, falling back in order for 5 miles. Lieutenant Simpson and one squadron, cut off at the river, fought off overwhelming numbers and swam the river, with every man safe. The regiment was in action at Smith's cross-roads, Hill creek and McMinnville in October, and was in camp at Maysville from the latter part of October until November 17. It fought at Chattanooga and at Missionary ridge and Cleveland captured 90 wagons, 260 prisoners, 480 mules and 275 hogs. It burned the railroad br1dge at the Etowah river and the depot, iron works and rolling mill at Cleveland. From January to March, 1864 it took part in the operations about Tunnel Hill and on the Dalton road, and remained in camp at the Etowah until March 29, when it was ordered to Nashville and attached to the 2nd cavalry division. In May it defeated a brigade, at Farmer's bridge, fought at Arundel creek, and was surrounded at Kingston, but cut its way out. On the Atlanta campaign it fought at Dallas, Villa Rica, Lost mountain. Big Shanty, McAfee's cross-roads, Noonday creek and Kennesaw mountain. At Latimar's mill on Noonday creek a force less than 1,000 received the attack of 4,500 of Wheeler's cavalry and fell back, but being reinforced by three regiments the enemy was in turn repulsed. The 4th Michigan repulsed three charges by two regiments and gained new laurels It was engaged at Roswell, Lebanon mills, Stone mountain, Covington, Plat Rock, in siege of Atlanta, Fair Oaks, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station and McDonough. At Jonesboro the entire division was surrounded and Minty's brigade, to which the 4th was attached, made one of the greatest charges of the war, broke the enclosing lines in superb manner, thus opening a way for Kilpatrick's forces to break from the cordon, and captured 3 stands of colors. After the fall of Atlanta the regiment was engaged at Roswell, Sweetwater, Nose's creek, Lost mountain, New Hope Church, Stilesboro, Rome and Blue Pond. On one of these occasions a detail of 50 men, guarding a forage train, twice repulsed four times their number. At another time, a detail of 23 under Corp. Bickford defended a blockhouse against 8,000 of Wheeler's cavalry with 3 pieces of artillery, compelling the artillery to change position seven times, and finally forcing the enemy to leave. In the latter part of October the regiment was ordered to Nashville, thence to Louisville, where it was newly mounted and equipped. It marched to Gravelly springs, arriving January 25, 1865, and remained there until early March. Moving south from Eastport, it became engaged at Selma, Alabama, where it joined in the assault and captured the works under terrific fire, Colonel Minty being the first to enter alive. The result of this daring affair was the capture of a strongly fortified city, nearly 100 pieces of artillery, 2,700 prisoners and a large amount of ammunition and stores. At Double bridges, one battalion of the 4th made a saber charge, capturing every man of the Confederate detachment which had been left to destroy the bridges. At Macon, where the enemy surrendered 350 commiss1oned officers, 1,995 men, 60 pieces of artillery, a number of arsenals, foundries and machine shops, those making the assault were only 700 in number. On May 7, Lieutenant-Colonel Pritchard was ordered to proceed with the regiment and picket the Ocmulgee river for the purpose of preventing the escape of Jefferson Davis, who was supposed to be in that section. With 135 picked men he proceeded to Irwinsville, reaching there about 3 a. m. on the 10th almost simultaneously with another party under Lieutenant-Colonel Harnden of the 1st Wis. cavalry and the two exchanged shots in the darkness, each thinking the other party to be some of the enemy. During the encounter some of Pritchard's men surrounded the enemy's camp and captured Mr. and Mrs. Davis and four children; John H. Reagan, the Confederate postmaster-general; Colonels Johnson and Lubbock, his aides-de-camp; Burton N. Harrison, his private secretary; Major Maurand, Captain Moody and Lieutenant Hathaway; Jeff D. Howell, a midshipman in the Confederate navy; 13 private soldiers; Miss Maggie Howell (sister of Mrs. Davis), two waiting maids and several servants. The party proceeded to Macon, from which point Pritchard with escort and train guard, conveyed his prisoners to Fortress Monroe. On the 21st the regiment was ordered to Nashville and was mustered out July 1, 1865. Its original strength was 1,233;gain, 984;total, 2,217. Loss by death, 375.

Fifth Cavalry.—Colonels, Joseph T. Copeland, Freeman Norvell, Russell A. Alger, Smith H. Hastings; Lieutenant-Colonels, William D. Mann, Ebenezer Gould, Edward M. Lee; Majors, Freeman Norvell, Ebenezer Gould, Luther S. Trowbridge, Myron Hickey, Crawley P. Dake, John E. Clark, Stephen P. Purdy, Robert C. Wallace. This regiment was organized at Detroit and was mustered into the U. S. service August 30, 1862. It left Detroit December 4, 1862, for Washington, D. C., with an enrollment of 1,144 officers and men. Soon after the arrival of the regiment at Washington it was assigned to the Michigan cavalry brigade, composed of the 1st, 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan cavalry, and these regiments served together during the war. In June, 1863, the brigade met the Confederate General J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry near Hanover, Pennsylvania, and drove it back in a spirited charge, afterward dismounting and fighting on foot. In this engagement the 5th lost severely. On July 3 the regiment, with the brigade, had one of the severest cavalry engagements of the war with Stuart's forces and won a decisive victory in repelling the enemy's attack, driving him back so he could no longer threaten the rear of the Union lines. The next day the regiment started to intercept General Lee's army that was in full retreat upon Williamsport. It charged across a bridge on the side of the mountain leading to Williamsport, where the enemy's wagon train was passing. and with the brigade captured 1,500 prisoners and destroyed a large wagon train. A few days later it met the enemy near Boonsboro, where it was dismounted and charged the Confederates who were behind stone walls, but the charge of the regiment was so impetuous that the enemy was driven in confusion. It took an active part in the engagement at Palling Waters, Maryland, where the Confederates were put to flight by the gallant charges of the Michigan men. The regiment returned to Virginia after General Lee had crossed the Potomac and in September fought at Culpeper Court House, Raccoon ford, White's ford and Jack's shop. The regiment was in the fight at James City, and had a severe engagement with the enemy at Buckland mills, where it first fought on foot and then in a mounted charge drove the enemy pell mell for 2 miles. It was in the terrible battle of the Wilderness, on the Brock road, and also at Haw's shop, where the regiment was dismounted, as the country was too wooded to successfully maneuver cavalry, and, with the other regiments of the brigade, charged the enemy and a desperate hand-to-hand encounter took place. Two battle flags were captured by the regiment at the Opequan and it did gallant service at Winchester, Luray, Port Republic, Mt. Crawford, Woodstock, Cedar creek, Newton and Madison Court House. It was with General Sheridan when the Union forces moved in the direction of Gordonsville and Richmond and drove General Rosser from Louisa Court House, where a large amount of property was destroyed, together with the depot and railroad and aqueducts on the line of the James river canal, ser1ously interfering with General Lee's sources of supplies. After the surrender of General Lee the regiment marched to Washington, where it took part in the grand review; was then sent to the far West, and was finally mustered out in Utah. Its total enrollment was 1, 866; number killed in action, 101; died of wounds, 24; died while prisoners of war, 69; died of disease, 109; discharged for disability, 196.

Sixth Cavalry.—Colonels, George Gray, J. H. Kidd; Lieutenant-Colonels, Russell A. Alger, H. E. Thompson, Harvey H. Vinton; Majors, Thaddeus Foote, Elijah D. Waters, Simeon B. Brown, George A. Drew, Charles E. Storrs. Th1s regiment was organized in the summer of 1862, under authority of the secretary of war granted directly to Hon. Francis W. Kellogg, member of Congress from the (then) 4th Congressional district. It comprised twelve troops of a maximum strength of 100 men each, including the proper complement of non-commissioned officers. The rendezvous was Grand Rapids and the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service October n, 1862, with 1,229 officers and men. On December 10 it proceeded to Washington, D. C., and went into camp on Meridian hill, where it was brigaded with the 5th and 7th and attached to Casey's division of Heintzelman's corps, Department of Washington. The regiment was first under fire at the battle of Hanover, Pennsylvania, and to quote General Kilpatrick's report it "particularly distinguished" itself at Hunterstown after dark on July 2, where it encountered Wade Hampton's cavalry. On July 3 it was in the famous cavalry fight on the right at Gettysburg, where it supported Pennington's battery. It marched all day July 4 1n a pouring rain and was in the engagement in the mountain pass at Monterey at midnight. It then fought at Smithfield, Boonsboro, Hagerstown, Williamsport and Falling Waters, where it attacked the rear-guard of Lee's army, making a charge which Kilpatrick in his official report referred to as "the most gallant ever made," and which a Confederate writer in a Southern paper afterwards described as "a charge of dare-devils." The regiment was with Custer in all the cavalry engagements which followed in Virginia; performed conspicuous service at Brandy Station and Buckland mills; was at Mine run, Morton's, Raccoon and Summerville fords, and other minor engagements, after which it went into winter quarters at Stevensburg. On May 6, 1864, the regiment was hotly engaged on the left of Hancock's corps in the Wilderness. It led the advance on the first day of Sheridan's great raid, when 10,000 cavalrymen marched by fours, in a single column; was at Beaver £)am Station, Yellow tavern, Hanovertown, Haw's shop, Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, Meadow bridge, and many other engagements during the months of May and June. It accompanied Sheridan to the Shenandoah Valley and was in the battles of Winchester, Tom's brook, Luray, Shepherdstown and Cedar creek. In the spring of 1865 it left Winchester with Sheridan and did excellent service in the closing campaign of the war, from Winchester to Appomattox. It marched to Wash1ngton, participated in the grand review, and was then ordered to Leavenworth, Kansas, whence it marched 1,100 miles via Fort Kearny, Julesburg and Fort Laramie to Powder river, Wyo. Ter., a portion of it going still farther to the Rosebud country. The men who had less than 2 years to serve were ordered back to the state and were mustered out at Jackson, Michigan, in November, 1865. The others were consolidated into a new regiment and sent to Utah, where they were afterward mustered out. The regiment carried on its rolls from first to last 1,624 officers and men. It lost during its term of service 8 officers, 8 sergeants, 8 corporals and 97 men killed in action or died of wounds, a total of 121. At Andersonville, Georgia, 65 died in prison and 42 died in other places as prisoners of war; wounded in action 214; died of disease, 132; discharged for disability, 150.

Seventh Cavalry.—Colonels, William D. Mann, George G. Briggs; Lieutenant-Colonels, Allyn C. Litchfield, Harvey H. Vinton; Majors, John S. Huston, George K. Newcomb, Henry W. Granger, Robert Sproul, Alexander Walker, Daniel H. Darling. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids in the summer and fall of 1862, being one of the cavalry regiments wh1ch the secretary of war authorized the Hon. F. W. Kellogg to recruit at that time. On January 27, 1863, the last contingent of the ten companies was mustered in and on February 20 the horses of the first five companies, with a detail of 20 men, proceeded to Washington, followed on the 21st by the horses of the other five companies and on the 22nd by the main body of the regiment. It reached Washington February 27, encamped on what was known as Meridian hill and remained there for about a month. On March 26th it proceeded across the river over Long bridge and marched to Fairfax Court House, where it was united with the 5th and 6th Michigan cavalry, into a brigade which was assigned to General Stahel's cavalry division, Department of Washington. From May 3 until June 24, 1863, the regiment was engaged in scout duty and in guarding the Orange & Alexandria railroad, which was the line of supplies for the army of the Potomac, and while thus engaged it had several skirmishes with Mosby's men. In one of these actions near Catlett's station, where Mosby had destroyed a train of cars, 2 small brass pieces were captured by the commands engaged, several men of the 7th were injured, and quite a number of prisoners were taken from the enemy. On June 30 it participated in an engagement at Hanover, Pennsylvania, where the brigade was united in order to oppose the attempt of General Stuart to effect a junction with General Lee's army. In this engagement a portion of the regiment supported a battery and another portion was on the skirmish line. The first battle flag of the enemy captured by the regiment was taken in this action. On the night of July 2 the regiment was engaged until midnight at Hunterstown, Pennsylvania, and on July 3, with others of the brigade, it was at Gettysburg, on the extreme right of the Union army, where it was engaged the entire day. In this engagement out of the 401 officers and men who went into the fight the regiment lost 13 killed, 4 officers and 48 men wounded, and 39 missing. On the morning of July 4 it proceeded with the command to follow up Lee's retreating army and on that night, while marching through Monterey pass, it was met by a volley of canister shot from 2 pieces of artillery in the road. These guns were promptly charged and taken by the 7th, and the brigade captured many prisoners and some 400 wagons. The regiment was subsequently engaged at Smithburg, Hagerstown and Williamsport, and at Falling Waters it captured a 10-pounder Parrott-gun from the enemy. After a few days of much needed rest it again crossed the Potomac into Virginia and participated in engagements at Snicker's gap, Kelly's ford, Culpeper Court House, Raccoon ford, White's ford, and Jack's shop. When the army of the Potomac fell back from the Rapidan the enemy was met by the regiment near James City and on October 10 it participated in the battle of Brandy Station. On October 19 it participated in a severe engagement at Buckland mills. After that the enemy fell back toward the Rapidan and was not again encountered by the regiment until in November at Stevensburg. and Morton's ford. About daylight on the morning of May 6, 1864, it participated in a lively engagement in the Wilderness, near the intersection of the Furnace and Brock roads, where it was engaged all day. At daylight on the following morning it was again on the same ground, contending with the enemy until the middle of the afternoon, when he was driven from the field. On May 10 the regiment was engaged all day in destroying railroads, and at dawn of the nth began skirmishing with the enemy. On that day an engagement, at the intersection of the Telegraph and Brock roads, was opened by Stuart and continued all day, the regiment participating in several charges. It had several engagements at Meadow bridge on the Chickahominy, where it forced a crossing and routed the enemy with a heavy loss. It was again engaged at Darney's ferry, and on the same day the regiment made a saber charge at Crump's creek, driving the enemy for 3 miles. On the 28th it was engaged at Haw's shop, the regiment being exposed to a severe fire. On May 30 the 7th and 1st M1ch, were engaged in a hard fight with the enemy at Old Church, completely routing the Confederates. On May 31 the regiment participated in an engagement at Cold Harbor, and on the morning of June 1 it was attacked by superior forces of the enemy's infantry, but repulsed them with great slaughter. A few days later the reg1ment was attacked at Louisa Court House by Wickham's brigade of cavalry, but being supported by the 1st Michigan cavalry it maintained its ground. Thence it marched to Trevilian Station, and there for the greater part of two days it and the other cavalry regiments of Custer's, Merritt's and Devin's brigades were engaged in one of the most desperate cavalry combats of the war, against Hampton's and Fitzhugh Lee's commands. In July the regiment engaged the enemy on the New Market road, on the north bank of the James river, where with other cavalry it repulsed a large infantry force of the enemy, and then by a charge captured 250 prisoners and 2 battleflags. From August 10 to 16 the regiment was moving about the country in the vicinity of Winchester, several times coming into collision with the enemy. It was in action at Front Royal, charging a whole brigade of Confederate cavalry, completely routing it and capturing 100 prisoners with a large number of horses and arms. At Berryville, it repulsed a determined attack of the enemy and from that time to the 25th 1t was engaged in scouting, picketing and light skirmishing. At the Opequan in September the regiment led the advance of the army from about 2 a. m., and after an attempt of the 25th New York cavalry had been repulsed, it charged across the river and captured the rifle-pits upon the hills on the oppos1te bank. In the afternoon the enemy fled precipitately, the regiment being engaged until after dark, making many mounted charges during the day and capturing large numbers of prisoners, cannon and small arms. In September it was engaged at Port Republic, and remained in that vicinity until October 2, when it had a brush with the enemy at Mt. Crawford. At Tom's brook, the enemy was completely routed in an engagement participated in by the regiment, and was pursued for 26 miles. At the battle of Cedar creek the regiment captured more prisoners than it had troopers in its ranks, and later it was again engaged with Early's army at the same place. On December 19 the regiment participated in an expedit1on to Charlottesville and Gordonsville to wreck the railroads, and from day to day there was more or less skirmishing and a lively engagement at Liberty mills on the Rapidan. On March 30, 1865, the regiment found the enemy in force on the White Oak road near Five Forks, and, in column of squadrons with sabers drawn, moved forward in a countercharge, soon routed him. On March 31 it had a sharp engagement at the intersection of the Dinwiddie and Five Forks roads, and on April 1 it was again engaged with Pickett's infantry near Five Forks, participating in the battle of that name and taking a prominent part in the final charge, capturing many prisoners and pursuing the enemy until after dark. On April 4 it skirmished with the enemy, made many captures on the way to Amelia Court House and Jetersville, and part1cipated in the battle of Sailor's creek, in which the whole of Ewell's corps was captured. On April 8 it proceeded to Prospect Station and thence toward Appomattox Depot, where it had a spirited brush with the Confederates, capturing much property and ammunition. The regiment was deployed and hotly engaged on the morning of the 9th, but its Spencer carbines soon checked the enemy, and then followed the armistice which resulted in the surrender of Lee's army and the termination of the operations of the regiment in the Civil war. Gerry's South Carolina cavalry failed to keep the armistice, whereupon the 7th Michigan charged upon it and put a qu1etus upon it in short order. With the brigade the regiment participated in the grand review at Washington and then was included in the assignment to the far West. Those of the regiment whose term of service expired before February, 1866, were mustered out December 15, 1865, and the others were transferred to the 1st Michigan veteran cavalry and retained in the service in Utah until March 10, 1866. The total enrollment of the regiment was 1,779, and its loss during service was 322.

Eighth Cavalry.—Colonels, John Stockton, Elisha Mix; Lieutenant-Colonels, Grover S. Wormer, William L. Buck; Majors, Henry C. Edgerly, Edward Coates, Elisha Mix, Nathan S. Boynton, Watson B. Smith, Darwin D. Buck, James A. Strong. This reg1ment was organized at Mt. Clemens in 1862, and was mustered in May 2, 1863. It left the state by detachments, the first, consisting of eight squadrons, leaving May 12, and the second on May 23. The regiment reported at Covington, Kentucky. It was engaged in skirmishes at Triplett's br1dge, the Kentucky river and Salt river, capturing many prisoners and horses. In the pursuit of Morgan it was in action at Lebanon, Lawrenceburg, Salvisa, Buffington island, Winchester, Salineville, Lancaster and Stamford. At Buffington island it captured 573 of Morgan's cavalry with horses and equipment. A detachment under Lieutenant Boynton was at Salineville with Major Rue, when Morgan surrendered his forces, the guidon of Co. L, 8th Michigan floating over the heads of Morgan and his officers when the terms were made. The regiment was then sent to Tennessee and was engaged at Kingston, Cleveland, Calhoun, Athens and Loudon. At Athens the oath was administered to 1,500 Confederate soldiers and a large number of citizens. The regiment was next engaged at Philadelphia, Sweetwater, Lenoir's station, Campbell's station, Knoxville, November 18; Rutledge, Bean's station and New Market, and was complimented by General Burnside, in special orders for bravery and valuable service rendered. In the early part of 1864 it was engaged at Mossy creek, Dandridge, Fair Garden and Sevierville. It moved to Knoxville on February 3, turned over its horses and marched on foot to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. It was in camp at Mt. Sterling and Nicholasville until June 3, when it was remounted and started for Big Shanty to participate in the movement on Atlanta. It was engaged at Kennesaw mountain, Sweetwater, the Chattahoochee river, Moore's ridge, Covington. Macon and Sunshine Church. At the last named place the entire force under General Stoneman was surrounded. Stoneman decided to surrender, but gave permission to any of the forces to cut their way out if they could. The 8th, under Colonel Mix, made the attempt and though a few, including the colonel, were captured the remainder forced their way through by desperate fighting. In attempting to reach the Union lines at Atlanta the regiment met the enemy at Eatonton and at Mulberry creek, where, after a severe engagement, many were captured, the total loss being 215. Those who escaped were stationed at Marietta and Turner's ferry on picket duty until September 14, when they were ordered to Nicholasville, Kentucky, thence to Nashville, which place was reached October 26. The 8th was engaged near Waynesboro, and near Henryville a battalion that had been cut off by the enemy fought its way through and joined the regiment, which had performed valorous work, repelling an assault and arresting a stampede of two Union regiments. It was engaged at Mount Pleasant and at the Duck river, where it was surrounded by the enemy in large numbers, but with the 14th and 16th Illinois, charged with bayonets, forcing a way through in gallant manner. It was at the battle of Franklin, where a desperate attack was repulsed, and was in reserve in the movements around Nashville in December. It was ordered to Pulaski in January, 1865; was engaged in scouting and suppressing guerrillas until September 21, and was mustered out September 22, 1865, at Nashville. Its original strength was 1117; gain, 1,908, including 513 transferred from nth cavalry; total, 3,025. Loss by death, 321.

Ninth Cavalry.—Colonels, James I. David, George S. Acker; Lieutenant-Colonels, George S. Acker, William B. Way; Mais., Michael F. Gallagher, William B. Way, Solomon P. Brockway, Dewitt C. Smith, William C. Stevens. This regiment was organized at Coldwater and was mustered in May 19, 1863. It left the state by detachments on May 18, 20 and 25, being ordered to Covington. It participated in engagements at Triplett's bridge, Lebanon, Salvisa, Cummings' ferry, Burlington island, and Salineville. At Buffington island the 9th aided in the capture of 500 prisoners, 3 pieces of artillery and a large amount of small arms and equipment. A detachment of 60 men under Colonel David took about 200 of the prisoners. The regiment was then ordered to Tennessee and was engaged at Loudon, Cumberland gap. Carter's station, Zollicoffer and Leesburg. At Cumberland gap it took the advance, burned a large mill, drove the enemy from their mountain stronghold, and assisted in the capture of 2,600 men and 13 pieces of artillery. It was then engaged at Blue Springs and Rheatown; scouted about Henderson during November; and in December was engaged at Knoxville, Morristown, Russellville, Bean's station, Rutledge, Dandridge, and Mossy creek. It moved from Dandridge January 16, 1864, and was engaged at Kinsboro's cross-roads, Dandridge, Fair Garden, Sevierville and Strawberry plains. It encamped near Nicholasville, Kentucky, and was in several skirmishes during the early part of the year. In June it was engaged at Cynthiana, charging the enemy and taking 300 prisoners, 500 horses, a number of cattle and a large number of small arms, the enemy being routed and driven in large numbers into the Licking river. The regiment participated in the siege of Atlanta, August 1 to September 3, being on picket and train guard duty. It was engaged at Stone mountain and Decatur, and was on foraging expeditions during the month of October. It was engaged in numerous small skirmishes with guerrillas and bushwhackers, Lieutenant Lockwood and 9 men being killed in an ambush. It was with Sherman's army before Atlanta in November, was engaged in several skirmishes, including one at Lovejoy's Station, and on the 17th made a forced march of 30 miles, capturing 30 prisoners. It was in a skirmish at Griswoldville, burning the town, arsenal, railroad depot and train, and capturing 75 prisoners. It was engaged at Macon, Milledgeville, Louisville, Waynesboro, Cypress swamp, Savannah, Arnold's plantation and Altamaha bridge. At Waynesboro it charged Wheeler's command, driving it from the field and capturing 100 prisoners, for which it received special notice. It was in camp at Savannah from December 18, 1864 until January 27, 1865, and then joined the Carolina campaign, being engaged at the Salkehatchie, White Pond, Aiken, Lexington, Broad river bridge and Phillips' crossroads, where it fought the enemy for 3 hours. It burned the stables and a grist mill at Wadesboro after a skirmish; was in a skirmish at Solemn grove; participated at Averasboro, driving the enemy before it; was then in constant skirmish, the battle of Bentonville, and in actions on the Raleigh & Smithfield railroad. It was in camp at Concord from May 14 until mustered out July 9, 1865. Its original strength was 1,073; gain, 984; total, 2,057. Loss by death, 181.

Tenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Thaddeus Foote, Luther S. Trowbridge, Israel C. Smith; Lieutenant-Colonels, Luther S. Trowbridge, John H. Standish; Majors, Israel C. Smith, Cicero Newell, Wesley Armstrong, Peter N. Cooke, Harvey E. Light, Henry W. Sears. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in November 18, 1863. It left the state December 1, being ordered to Lexington, Kentucky, and was engaged at House mountain in January, 1864, after which it moved to Burnside Point. On February 29 it moved for Knoxville, thence to Strawberry plains, and in April met the enemy at Rheatown, Jonesboro, Johnsonv1lle, Watauga and Bean's gap. At Jonesboro the enemy in force held the bridge, occupying a strong redoubt and rifle-pits. About one-third of the regiment was dismounted and charged on the double-quick, carrying the works and driving the enemy into a large mill near by, a gallant affair with an inferior force. The regiment was also engaged at Powder Spring gap, Dandridge, Greenville, White Horn, Morristown, Bean's station, Rogersville, Kingsport, Caney branch, New Market, Williams' ford and Dutch Bottom. At Bean's station two companies routed the enemy, charging him for 2 miles. The regiment was later engaged at Sevierville, Newport, Morristown, Greeneville, Mossy creek. Bull's gap, Blue Springs, Strawberry plains, Flat Creek bridge and Rogersville. At Blue Springs the enemy was dislodged from a strong position after a determined fight and pursued for 7 miles. At Strawberry plains a detachment of 125 under Captain Standish, and 150 from other commands made a successful defense of the post against an attack by 6,000 cavalry under Wheeler. During this time 7 men of the 10th held McMillan's ford on the Holston river for 3 hours against a brigade of cavalry, killing nearly 50, but were surrounded and captured. General Wheeler remarked: "If I had 300 such men as you, I could march straight through hell." The same day, 72 men under Major Smith routed 400 Texas cavalry, capturing their commanding officer— a lieutenant-colonel—and nearly 40 prisoners. The regiment was again engaged at Greeneville, Sevierville and Jonesboro in September. At Greeneville it participated in an action with Morgan's forces, charging his first camp and routing it and then repelling an advance with carbines. In October and November it was engaged at Johnston's station, Watauga bridge, Chucky bend, Newport, Irish Bottoms, Madisonville, Morristown and Strawberry plains, where 700 men in trenches repulsed a force of 5,000. It was engaged at Kingsport, Bristol and Saltville in December, destroying the salt works at the last named place. It also fought at Chucky bend in January, 1865, then encamped at Knoxville until March 21, then moved to upper East Tennessee and joined the raid into North Carolina, during which it destroyed 100 miles of track and several bridges belonging to the Tennessee & Virginia railroad. It made a forced march of 95 miles in 22 hours, reaching Henry and engaging the enemy on April 8, defeating a superior force. The regiment was detached at Salem and one battalion under Captain Cummins destroyed $300,000 worth of the enemy's stores at High Point. The other two battalions numbering 250 men, were sent to destroy the bridge over Abbott's creek. Two companies under Captain Roberts sent in advance succeeded in the work assigned them, and in the meantime the balance of the regiment encountered Ferguson's brigade of Wheeler's cavalry, 1,200 strong, just at daybreak. The enemy attacked in force, but was held back by relieving squadrons in a retreat of 6 miles, 2 men being taken prisoners while the enemy lost over 50 killed. The same day, Major Smith, with 20 men armed with Spencer repeating rifles, crossed Grant's creek at Salisbury on a log and fired a flank volley which threw the defending force into confusion. The whole command, taking advantage of the situation, crossed by a small bridge, drove the enemy from his works and captured over 1,300 prisoners, 14 pieces of artillery and a large quantity of supplies. The regiment was also engaged at Statesville and Newton. It was then ordered to Tennessee, where it served until it was mustered out at Memphis, November n. Its original strength was 912; gain 1,138; total, 2,050. Loss by death, 271.

Eleventh Cavalry.—Colonel, Simeon B. Brown; Lieutenant-Colonels, James B. Mason, Charles E. Smith; Majors, Charles E. Smith, Henry L. Wise, George J. West, Darwin D. Buck. This regiment was organized at Kalamazoo and was mustered in December 10, 1863. It left the state the same day for Covington, Kentucky, and was engaged in scouting in February and March. It was in a skirmish at West Liberty in April, and then moved to Louisa, Kentucky, forming part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, Army of the Ohio. It was in engagements at Pound gap, Hazle Green, Mount Sterling, Lexington, Georgetown and Cynthiana. The fight at Mt. Sterling was severe the enemy being routed, and at Cynthiana the nth was in the charge which destroyed the enemy's line and scattered his forces. Engagements followed at Point Burnside, McCormick's farm, Laurel mountain, Bowen's farm, Saltville, Sandy mountain and in western Virginia. At Saltville about 4,000 of Burbridge's command attacked works defended by 22,000. The brigade to which the 11th was attached carried the main work, the nth losing 86 in killed, wounded and missing. Compelled to withdraw, the regiment acted as rear-guard and the following day it was cut off and surrounded by 4,000 cavalry, but hewed its way through the opposing lines in a hand-to-hand fight of an hour, Colonel Mason being mortally wounded. The regiment encamped at Mt. Sterling and was engaged during November in clearing the country of guerrillas and engaging in skirmishes with them at Hazle Green, McCormick's farm, Morristown, State creek, Mt. Sterling, Church river, Russellville, Cobb's ford, Bristol, Paperville, Abingdon, Wytheville, Mt. Airy, Marion, Seven-mile ford, Saltville and Jonesboro. At Bristol the regiment took a number of prisoners and a large quantity of stores; at Abingdon it fought a brigade, captured the enemy's artillery and 250 prisoners; at Marion a detachment charged Breckenridge's cavalry, and after 36 hours fighting drove it into North Carolina; another detachment of 120 held a bridge against the fire of a heavy force. Captain George, with 100 picked men from the regiment drove a body of the enemy from a mountain gap and held it. It was in a running fight from Marion to Wytheville, 24 miles, when the enemy's wagon train and artillery were taken. At Wytheville the command drove the home guards to the mountains and captured 75,000 rounds of fixed artillery ammunition, 5,000,000 musket cartridges, 75 wagons, 6,000 blankets, 8 cannon, 33 caissons, large quantities of stores, and destroyed a large amount of property. At Saltville it aided in the destruction of the saltworks, mach1nery, utensils (including 2,000 kettles), buildings and wells, 3 forts, 2 arsenals filled with ammunition, 13 cannon and ca1ssons, 5 locomotives, 80 cars, depots, and other buildings. In January, 1865, the regiment was engaged at Mt. Sterling and Hazle Green. It next fought at Flemingsburg, Boone, Yadkin river, Mount Airy, Hillsville. Salem, Christiansburg, Jonesboro, Danbury, Statesville, Salisbury, and in a number of minor engagements. At Anderson Court House the last remnant of the Confederate treasury was destroyed. The regiment captured Jefferson Davis' cavalry escort and then moved to Hartwell and Asheville, N. C., Greeneville, Tennessee, Strawberry plains Knoxville and Pulaski, where it was consolidated with, the 8th Michigan cavalry, July 20, 1865. It was in service at that point until September 22 "when 1t was mustered out. The original strength was 921; gain, 658 total, 1,579. Loss by death, 142.

First Light Artillery.—Colonel, Cyrus O. Loomis; Lieutenant-Colonels, Luther F. Hale, William H. Ross; Mais., Josiah W. Church, John J. Ely, A. F. R. Arndt, John C. Shuetz. This regiment was organized by batteries twelve in number, of 6 guns each. Battery A, "Loomis' battery" was organized at Detroit and was mustered in, May 28,1861. It left the state May 31, reported at Cincinnati, and was ordered to Camp Dennison. It moved to Clarksburg, W. Virginia, in June, thence to Buckhannon, and was engaged at Rich mountain, being supplied there with six 10-pound Parrott guns. It was engaged at Elkwater and Green Brier; encamped at Elkwater, Huttonsville and Philippi, during the fall; was ordered to Louisville in December; was the first to cross the river at Munfordville, and reached Bowling Green February 14, 1862, where it threw the first shell, which disabled an engine and detained 9 others, all in readiness to move the enemy's stores, they being about to evacuate. The battery doublequicked, reached the scene ahead of the army, and aided by a regiment of cavalry that had followed it. drove the enemy from the town and captured the trains with provisions, ammunition and other property. Going into camp near Nashv1lle, it joined in numerous scouting expeditions, and on August 1 joined Buell's retreat to Louisville. At Perryville it fired the first and last artillery shot of the day, saved the right wing from being flanked, repelled five charges, being absolutely without support at a point recognized as the key to the situation, and at night brought off the entire battery, after having been ordered to spike the guns and save the men. Its loss here was 18 killed and wounded and 33 horses killed. At Stone's river it opened on the enemy with double charges of canister, repelled two desperate assaults, swept the field and scattered 6,000 of the enemy with terrible loss. The battery lost 2 2 men killed and wounded and some 40 horses. It remained in camp until June and was then engaged at Hoover's gap. At Chickamauga 1t was nearly annihilated, being left without support, and after one of the most determined defenses on record compelled to surrender. Its commander, Lieutenant Van Pelt and 13 men were killed or wounded, 13 reported missing, probably captured, and 50 horses killed. All the guns but 1 were captured, but subsequently 3 of these were recaptured and at the battle of Missionary ridge 1 more was retaken. The battery was stationed at Chattanooga during 1864, where 22 reenlisted as veterans. It was mustered out at Jackson, Michigan July 28, 1865. Total enrollment, 3n: loss by death 37.

Battery B was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in November 26, 1861. It left the state December 17 and was sent to Pittsburg landing. It participated in the battle of Shiloh, and was heavily engaged, repelling repeated assaults by an overwhelming force, but being cut off from support, lost 4 of its pieces with 52 officers and men taken prisoners. A correspondent said: ''There was more fighting over this battery than any other battery on the field. The rebel troops attacked it under the immediate direct1on of General Beauregard, who urged forward three regiments and who at the time, received a bullet wound in the arm." Lieutenant Bliss, one of the captured, was murdered by a Confederate sentinel May 1. The remaining section, under Lieutenant Laing, was connected with a Missouri battery and participated in the siege of Corinth in May and at the battle of Corinth in October. The section captured at Shiloh was exchanged and reported at Columbus, Kentucky, in December. In January and February, 1863, the battery was stationed at Bethel. It returned to Corinth June 7, and moved to Pulaski in November. In December 48 of the men reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home. On April 21, 1864 the battery was ordered south for the Atlanta campaign; was engaged at Resaca, Lay's ferry, Calhoun ferry, and Rome cross-roads; was then stationed at Rome during the summer, and was in engagements at Cave springs, Turkey ridge. On the march to Savannah it fought at Griswoldville, distinguishing itself by its effective work, the brigade with which it was serving defeating a much Superior force, of which over 1,500 were killed, wounded or taken prisoners. It was also engaged at the Ogeechee river and Savannah, and 1n the campaign of the Carounas was in the engagements at Salkehatchie river, Columbia, Cox's bridge, and Bentonville. It participated in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out at Detroit June 6, 1865. Its total enrollment was 235; loss by death, 35.

Battery C was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in November 28, 1861. It left the state December 17; was first engaged at Farmington, Mississippi.; was in the siege of Corinth; fought at Iuka in September, and at the battle of Corinth in October performed efficient work, losing n wounded. It was engaged at Lumpkin's mill, disabling 2 of the enemy's guns, and passed the winter at Oxford and Corinth. One section was engaged at Town creek, in April, 1863, and in May the battery was ordered to Memphis where it was in garrison until October. It was stationed at Iuka during the winter and then joined General Sherman's movement on Atlanta being in action at Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kennesaw mountain, Nickajack creek, Decatur and the siege of Atlanta. It was in an engagement near Savannah in December and left that city January 4, 1865, by transport for Beaufort, S. C. It fought at the South Edisto river, Cheraw, where it assisted in the capture of 28 guns, at Fayetteville, South river, and Bentonville. It reached Washington May 23, and was mustered out at Detroit June 22, 1865. Total enrollment, 239; loss by death, 34.

Battery D was organized at Cold water, was mustered in September 17, 1861, and left the state December 9 for Kentucky. It was engaged at Hoover's gap in June, 1863, and in the battle of Chickamauga, was overwhelmed by numbers, lost 5 of its guns, nearly all of its horses being shot. A correspondent said: "No battery was more skillfully handled, nor did better execution in that bloody battle-field than Church's and although 5 of his guns were captured, after the horses were killed, he has the proud satisfaction of hearing it said by his superiors, that no commander could have fought longer under like c1rcumstances, nor retreated from the field, with more honor." When Confederate General Preston was told by a wounded soldier whose battery he had captured, he said: "If you live to see Captain Church, give him my compliments and tell him that he had the best battery that I ever fought. I lost over 400 men in taking it." It was in the battle at Chattanooga in November, joined in the assault on Missionary ridge, moved to Nashville in December, remained there during the winter, and assisted in the defense of that city. It was at Murfreesboro during 1864 and until July 18, 1865. It was mustered out at Jackson August 3, 1865. Total enrollment, 334; loss by death, 40.

Battery E was organized at Marshall and was mustered in December 6, 1861. It left the state December 17, joined the Western army and was engaged at Shiloh. It fought at Fort Riley, Tennessee, in October and was sent to Nashville in November, constituting part of the artillery reserve. On June 1, 1863, it was ordered to Murfreesboro and three months later to Nashville, where it served the balance of the year. Fifty-seven of the battery reenlisted as veterans and were given the usual furlough. The battery was stationed at Nashville during 1864, and in July, one section participated in a raid into Alabama and Georgia, being engaged at Coosa and Chehaw. In December it participated in the defense of Nashville and joined in the pursuit of Hood's forces on their retreat. The battery was ordered to Decatur, Alabama, in February, 1865, for garrison duty, and was mustered out at Jackson, July 30, 1865. Total enrollment, 327; loss by death, 30.

Battery F was organized at Coldwater in the fall of 1861 and was mustered 1n January 9, 1862. It left the state March 3 and was first assigned to garrison duty at West Point, Kentucky. It was engaged at Henderson, and Richmond Kentucky, where, being left without support its guns were captured. On October 31 it was stationed at Louisville; one section was detached for garrison duty at Bowling Green; the rest of the battery was ordered to Munfordville for garrison duty and remained until October, 1863, when it moved to Glasgow. It moved to Knoxville in January, 1864, remained there until April. While here 50 men reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home. On the Atlanta campaign the battery participated at Resaca, near Lost mountain, at Kennesaw mountain, Marietta, the Chattahoochee river, where it drove a battery from its position, at Decatur, and threw the first shell into Atlanta. It was in the severe fight at Utoy creek, spent some time in camp at Chattanooga, then moved to Nashville, thence to Johnsonville, where 1t remained until November 24, when it marched toward Columbia. After the battle of Franklin it joined the retreat toward Nashville, reaching there on the 8th, and participated in the defense of that place against Hood's attack. On January 19, 1865, it moved by rail to Alexandria, Virginia, took transports there for Fort Fisher, N. C., reached New Berne February 26, was engaged at Wise's Forks, and was mustered out at Jackson July 1, 1865. Total enrollment 245; loss by death, 30.

Battery G was organized in the fall of 1861 and was mustered in January 17, 1862. It left the state February 12, for West Point, Kentucky, and was stationed at Cumberland ford from April 18 to June n. It was engaged at Tazewell and moved to Cumberland gap in June. It was ordered to Portland, Ohio, in September; embarked from Memphis in November and joined the Yazoo river expedition. It was engaged at Chickasaw bluffs, and after the surrender of Arkansas post, moved to Young's Point, Louisiana. It ran the blockade in April; was engaged at Port Gibson, contributing largely to the success of the army; fought at Champion's hill, the Big Black river, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg, shelling the enemy's works daily. It was engaged in the siege of Jackson and passed the summer at Carrollton, Louisiana. It was ordered to Texas in November, was engaged at Fort Esperanza in Matagorda island, encamped in Indianola until the last of May, returned to Carrollton in June, and remained there until October. It then moved to the vicinity of Mobile bay, remained there until April 10, 1865, and participated in the siege of Mobile until its capture. It was mustered out at Jackson August 6, 1865. Total enrollment, 318; loss by death, 45.

Battery H was organized at Monroe and was mustered in March 6, 1862. It left the state March 13 for St. Louis and was ordered at once to New Madrid. It participated in the siege of Island No. 10 and was stationed at Columbus, Kentucky, during a part of October. It was in various movements in Tennessee and Mississippi from November, 1862, to March 1863; was engaged at Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion's hill, and was in the siege of Vicksburg until its surrender. Its commander, Captain De Golyer, received a wound on May 28 which caused his death. The battery was engaged at Brownsville and Clinton, and in the Atlanta campaign, was in action at Big Shanty, Kennesaw mountain, Nickajack creek, Peachtree creek, in the siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, and Lovejoy's Station. It was on duty at Nashville from November 18, 1864, to February 16, 1865, and then moved to Chattanooga. It was mustered out at Jackson July 22,1865. Total enrollment, 325; loss by death, 44.

Battery I was organized at Detroit and was mustered in August 20, 1862. It left the state December 4, joined the Army of the Potomac, and was first engaged at Aldie, Virginia, in April, 1863. It participated at Gettysburg, then moved to Culpeper Court House, and was ordered to Nashville in October, where it remained in reserve until March 7, 1864, when it was ordered to Whiteside. It participated in the Georgia campaign, engaged the enemy at Cassville, New Hope Church, Lost mountain, Kolb's farm, Marietta, Peachtree creek, reached Atlanta on July 27, and took part in the siege until August 25. It was engaged at Turner's ferry, in August, and remained at Atlanta until November 1, when it was ordered to Chattanooga and mounted as horse artillery until ordered home. It was mustered out at Jackson July 14, 1865. Total enrollment. 234; loss by death, 29.

Battery K was organized at Grand Rapids and was ordered to Washington May 23,1863. It garrisoned Forts Ramsey and Buffalo at Upton's hill, Virginia, and moved to Camp Washington in June. On October 28 it moved to Nashville and was in the reserve artillery until Mar. 6, 1864, when it was sent to Chattanooga for garrison duty. Two detachments were attached to other batteries and four detachments for service on gunboats and trains posts. The remainder assisted in repelling Wheeler's attack on Dalton and was stationed at Chattanooga from November 1, 1864, until Mar. 31, 1865, when it moved to Nashville Tennessee. The battery was mustered out at Detroit July 22. Total enrollment, 208; loss by death, 16.

Battery L was organized at Coldwater and was mustered in, April 11, 1863. It left the state May 20, reported at Covington, Kentucky, and was ordered to camp Nelson. It was in engagements at Triplett's bridge, Lebanon, and Burlington island, where the greater portion of Morgan's force was captured. It was also engaged at Steubenville and Salineville, Ohio, then moved to Morristown, and was in various movements until it reached Cumberland gap in December, where it remained until June 27, 1864. It then moved to Knoxville and remained there until the end of the war. It was mustered out at Jackson August 22, 1865. Total enrollment, 290; loss by death, 26.

Battery M was organized at Dearborn and was mustered in, June 30, 1863. It left the state July 9, for Indianapolis, and on September 18 moved to Kentucky. It proceeded to Cumberland gap, was in an engagement at Blue Springs, and in various movements until January, 1864, being engaged at Walker's ford and Tazewell. It occupied fortifications at Cumberland gap for the remainder of the year, and in the winter and spring of 1865, joined in frequent scouts and expeditions into Virginia. On April 1 it was transferred to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, Army of the Cumberland, and proceeded to Strawberry plains, remaining there until July 7. It was mustered out at Jackson August 1, 1865. Total enrollment, 297; loss by death, 16.

The 13th battery was organized at Grand Rapids in 1863 and was mustered in January 20, 1864. It left the state February 3, went into camp near Washington, was stationed at different points about Washington during the year, and assisted in the defense of Fort Stevens against the attack of Early's forces in July. Attached to Hardin's division, 22nd corps, it was on garrison duty until February 27, 1865, when it was mounted as cavalry and detailed for the suppression of guerrillas in Maryland. It was in the pursuit of the conspirators against the president and his cabinet after Lincoln's assassinat1on and was mustered out at Jackson, July 1. Total enrollment, 257; loss by death, 13. The 14th battery was organized at Kalamazoo in 1863 and was mustered in January 5, 1864. It left the state February 1 and reported at Washington, where it was mounted April 20 and ordered to Fort Bunker Hill on May 15. It returned on the 27th and was dismounted and stationed in the v1cinity of Washington during the year. It was engaged as heavy artillery in the defense of Washington against Early's attack in July, then garrisoned Forts Snyder, Carroll and Greble, until June 17, 1865, and was mustered out at Jackson, Michigan, July 1. Total enrollment, 225; loss by death, 9.

Miscellaneous Organizations.—Two companies of cavalry were recruited at Battle Creek in 1861—Co. H, Captain J. H. Rogers, and Co. I, Captain J. B. Mason. They left the state September 3, 1861, and joined the "Merrill Horse," a Missouri regiment. In December, 1862, Co. L, Captain Almon Preston, was organized at Battle Creek and also joined the "Merrill Horse."

A number of companies were formed which were unable to find a place in regiments from their own state and took service in other states. Cos. E. F. and H joined the 42nd, and B and H the 44th Illinois infantry. Co. C of the 70th New York infantry, Captain Anson N. Norton, was organized at Paw Paw and was mustered in August 12, 1861. Co. D, of the 66th Illinois infantry was organized at Battle Creek by Captain John Piper and was mustered in November 9, 1861. The "Jackson Guard, Captain John McDermott, was organized at Detroit, but failed to find a place and was accepted by the 23d Illinois Infantry as Co. A.

Three companies were organized for Berdan's 1st regiment U. S. sharpshooters, Captain Benjamin Densler commanding one, Captain A. Milan Willett, Co. I, and Captain Spencer J. Matthew, Co. K. They were mustered in August 21, 1861, March 4 and March 20, 1862, respectively. Co. B, 2nd U. S. sharpshooters, Captain Andrew B. Stewart, was organized in 1861, and was mustered in October 4.

The "Stanton Guard," Captain G. S. Wormer, was organized in April, 1862, to serve as guard over Gens. Burrows and Harding and Judge Hill, Confederate prisoners at Mackinac. It was mustered in May 10 and mustered out September 25, 1862.

A Lancer regiment was organized in 1862, by Colonel Arthur Rankin, an English Canadian, but was d1sbanded by order of the war department.

A battalion of four companies of cavalry, Major Hughes, was organized at Coldwater and mustered in fully equipped and mounted, but it was disbanded without having left the state. It was known as the "Chandler Horse Guard."

A company known as the "Provost Guard," Captain Erastus D. Robinson, was organized in 1863, at Detroit. It was mustered in January 3, 1864, and served at Detroit barracks until May 9, 1865, when it was mustered out.


BYRON ROOT PIERCE

Major-General Byron Root Pierce, editor of the chapter on "Military Affairs in Michigan," was born at East Bloomfield, Ontario county, New York, September 20, 1829, a son of Silas and Mary (Root) Pierce. He was educated at an academy in Rochester, New York, and began his business career in his father's woolen mills. After a few years of this life he studied dentistry and in 1856 located at Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he opened an office for the practice of his profession, at the same time conducting a branch office at Joliet, Illinois. On May 13, 1861, he entered the Union army as captain of Co. K, 3d Michigan volunteer infantry. For bravery and efficient services he was rapidly promoted, becoming major of the regiment October 21, 1861; lieutenant-colonel July 25, 1862; colonel January 1, 1863; and brigadier-general of volunteers June 7, 1864. In the Peninsular campaign and the movements in northern Virginia, while major, he was frequently mentioned in the reports of his superior officers as a gallant and skillful officer. At Fredericksburg, as lieutenant-colonel, he commanded the regiment, then in Berry's brigade, Birney's division, 3d army corps. At Chancellorsville Colonel Pierce was wounded and was mentioned in Berry's report as "distinguished for gallantry." In the fierce fighting at the "peach orchard" in the battle of Gettysburg, Colonel Pierce received a wound that ultimately cost him a leg, but he continued in the service, taking part in the Bristoe and Mine Run campaigns and the subsequent operations in Virginia. On May 23, 1864, he was assigned to the command of the 2nd brigade, Birney's division, and led a successful charge at the North Anna river. At Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor he commanded the 1st brigade of Gibbon's division, being slightly wounded in the latter engagement. He then returned to his old brigade, which he led in the assault on the Petersburg works June 18, 1864, and continued in command of it until the close of the war, except for a short time when he was temporarily in command of a division of the 2nd corps. For gallant conduct in the battle of Sailor's creek he was brevetted major-general. General Pierce served two years as commander of the Department of Michigan, Grand Army of the Republic, and as senior vice-commander of the Michigan Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion. After the war he was for some time connected with the U. S. post office department. He was influential in securing the establishment of the Michigan soldiers' home at Grand Rapids, and served for several years as its first commandant. On October 12, 1881, General Pierce married Abbie L. Evans of Rhode Island.