Union Regiments by State

Massachusetts

Source: The Union Army, Vol. I. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.


Military Affairs in Massachusetts
1861—65

The outbreak of the Civil war found Massachusetts, as was true of the Eastern States generally, in an almost complete state of military unpreparedness. In the South men were drilling and active preparations for war were under way long before the optimistic Northerner could bring himself to believe that the inevitable conflict was at hand. Very few men in the North desired war and largely on this account few believed that war would come. It is also matter of common knowledge that still fewer men, either North or South, believed that the war would assume large proportions or be of long duration, after the actual outbreak of hostilities.

Crude and incomplete as was the militia organization of the state when the war began, Massachusetts was, nevertheless, the first in the field with her troops, and should perhaps be credited, by reason of her promptness, with saving the national capital from capture. The separate militia companies of the state had been recently organized into regiments by the foresight of Governor Banks, and on January 16, 1861, eleven days after John Albion Andrew was inaugurated as governor, he issued an order requiring every company commander to revise his muster roll, with the view of determining whether all were fit for service in case of emergency. If any were unfit or unwilling to respond to the call of the commander-in-chief, such were to be discharged and their places filled by others. It was, moreover, due to Governor Andrew, that the state armory, when the war broke out, contained overcoats, blankets, knapsacks and ball cartridges for 2,000 troops, as well as 3,000 Springfield rifled muskets of the latest pattern.

The following admirable word picture of the famous War governor brings the man vividly before the reader: "He stood before the people a figure of unique appearance and bearing— short, stout, blue-eyed, with closely curling brown hair, smooth cheeks, and a general effect that was feminine, though very sturdily so. He entered on his duties with universal popular confidence as to his intentions, but absolutely untried as to large executive duties. His personal habits were pacific and even sedentary; he had no taste for any pageantry, least of all for that of war; yet in his very inaugural address he showed that he had grasped the situation of the country, and from that day he was, emphatically and thoroughly, the war governor. Governor Andrew was frank, outspoken, with no concealments and little solicitude for any reserve in others. * * * He was thin-skinned and felt keenly any personal attack; and when he met with a thoroughly unscrupulous and tormenting opponent it was not hard to keep him vexed and irritated, in spite of the unselfish nobleness of his aims." (Massachusetts in the Army and Navy, Higginson, vol. 1, pp. 5-6.)

It is a fact but little commented on, that Governor Andrew immediately after his inauguration, sent confidential messengers to the governors of the rest of the New England States, impressing on them the necessity of military preparation. The number of enrolled militia in the state in 1860, was 155,389; the number of active or volunteer militia, 5,593. Governor Andrew was one of the few men in the North who believed that war was rapidly approaching. He made this plain in his inaugural address wherein he advised an inquiry whether the dormant militia, or at least a large part of it, as well as the active militia should not be put on a war footing, thus placing the state ready, "without inconvenient delay, to contribute her share of force in any exigency of public danger." To arouse the latent patriotism of the people, he caused a salute to be fired on Boston Common January 8, 1861, in commemoration of the battle of New Orleans. Among the important acts of the session of the legislature which closed on April i1, 1861, were the act in relation to the volunteer militia, which gave the governor authority to organize as many companies and regiments as the public exigency might require in addition to the existing militia organization; the act appropriating $100,000 as an emergency fund; and one appropriating $25,000 to provide overcoats and equipage for 2,000 men. Meanwhile Governor Andrew was engaged in correspondence with leading members of Congress, state governors, leading men, etc. Not only was the militia strengthened, but a cipher key for sending secret messages was arranged, the defense of Boston harbor considered, and the best means of forwarding troops for the defense of Washington was fully discussed. Colonel Ritchie, of the governor's staff, was even despatched to Washington, to confer confidentially with the Massachusetts senators and representatives, and General Scott, on the subject of a possible requisition for troops, to learn from the general what would be the best route for troops to take to Washington and whether they were to carry their field equipage with them. Arrangements were even made to charter transports for the troops. From the above and much more of the same tenor it will be seen that Massachusetts, during the four months prior to the outbreak of hostilities, was more or less alive to the approaching crisis, and that however inadequate her military preparation, she was at least better prepared than the rest of the loyal states.

The time for actual fighting came with unexpected suddenness. On April 12 Fort Sumter was fired upon, and "the drum beat of the long roll was struck." On April 15 Massachusetts received the first call for troops in a telegram from Senator Wilson, asking that twenty companies be sent on to Washington separately. This was followed by telegraphic despatches the same day from the secretary of war and the adjutant-general making formal requisition for two full regiments of militia. Four regiments were at once summoned in order that the two required might be filled to the maximum. Special Order, No. 14, being sent by mail and special messengers to Colonel Wardrop of the 3d at New Bedford, Colonel Jones of the 6th at Lowell, Colonel Munroe of the 8th at Lynn, and Colonel Packard of the 4th at Quincy, requiring them to muster their commands on Boston Common forthwith. Adjt.-General Schouler is authority for the statement that the first companies to arrive were three from Marblehead (Cos. B, C, H, 8th regiment), though Thos. Wentworth Higginson, the state military and naval historian, says that Co. E, 4th regiment, from Abington, is possibly entitled to this honor. The troops all arrived promptly on April 16, in a driving storm of rain and sleet, and were marched directly to Faneuil Hall followed by an enthusiastic throng of people, who had gathered to receive them. A number of detached companies were also ordered to report at the same time and were assigned to different regiments. On the day of muster, April 16, another message came from Senator Wilson stating that the original call had been modified to include four regiments with a brigadier-general in command. On April 19 the 5th regiment was also ordered out and Brigadier-General Butler was placed in command of the first four regiments. Cos. B, E, F, G, H, of the 7th, together with Major A. F. Cook's company of light artillery, were added to the command of Colonel Lawrence of the 5th. Co. F, above mentioned, became insubordinate, and a new company under Captain Wardwell was substituted. On April 20, the 3d battalion of rifles of Worcester, under Major Devens, was ordered to report for duty, and on May 1, Captain Albert Dodd's company of Boston was summoned, thus completing the list of three months' volunteers. These troops numbered 244 officers and 3,492 men, a total of 3,736. Colonel Packard's regiment was the first to leave the state, going via Fall River on the afternoon of April 17 to New York and thence by steamer to Fortress Monroe. An hour later the 6th, under Colonel Jones, left by rail for Washington. The 3d, under Colonel Wardrop, left for Fortress Monroe by steamer, on the morning of April 18, and the 8th, Colonel Munroe, accompanied by Brigadier-General B. F. Butler, proceeded to Washington via Philadelphia, New York and Annapolis, on the same day. To the 6th regiment must be accorded the unique honor of being the first fully organized and equipped regiment to reach Washington, under the call of the president. It had been preceded by a force of five militia companies from Pennsylvania, numbering 400 or 500 men, totally unarmed with the exception of 34 men. These companies reached Washington at 7 P. M., April 18, and the 6th Mass. arrived at 9 P. M., April 19. This historic regiment was composed of four companies from Lowell, two from Lawrence, one from Groton, one from Acton, one from Boston, one from Worcester, and one from Stoneham, making eleven in all and mustering about 700 men. "Their heterogeneous uniform was characteristic of the period. Seven of the companies wore blue uniform coats, dark or light, sometimes with red trousers, and four wore gray, with buff or yellow trimmings. Some companies had two lieutenants, some had four; some had learned the old Scott drill, others the Hardee tactics, then a novelty, afterwards universal." (Higginson's, Massachusetts in the Army and Navy, p. 18.) In passing through Boston, New York and Philadelphia, the regiment was received with enthusiastic ovations, but in Baltimore, Cos. C, D, I and L, under Captains Follansbee, Hart, Pickering and Dike, and numbering about 220 men, were attacked by a mob while marching from the President street station to the Camden street station, a distance of a little more than a mile. The other seven companies, under Colonel Jones, covered the distance in safety. These four companies found the track obstructed and were forced to march the distance. In the riot 4 of the Massachusetts soldiers were killed, 36, including Captain Dike of Stoneham, were wounded, and 12 of the rioters were killed. On their arrival in Washington the regiment was quartered in the senate chamber and constituted the chief defense of Washington until the arrival of the 8th and 5th, together with the 7th New York, by way of Annapolis. When this regiment continued in service after the expiration of its term of service, in order that it might protect the capital, which was still in danger, they received a vote of thanks from the national house of representatives. Said Lincoln, wrought up by the anxieties of the hour, to the wounded men of the 6th Mass. at Washington: "I begin to believe that there is no North. The 7th regiment is a myth. Rhode Island is a myth. You are the only reality." On the arrival of the 8th Mass. at Philadelphia, General Butler was ordered by Major-General Scott, to go via Annapolis to Washington, where the regiment finally arrived on April 26, after a toilsome march from Annapolis in company with the 7th N. Y. General Butler remained behind in command at Annapolis, and two companies of the 8th were put aboard the frigate Constitution, then the school ship at the academy, until she should sail for New York.

The enthusiasm with which these first three months' troops were welcomed by the people is a tribute to their true instinct. These raw militia regiments were as yet untried and had been subjected to none of the real perils of war, yet they were recognized as the real saviors of the country during the first hours of peril. The spontaneity and zeal with which these men took up arms at the first call of country is worthy of all praise. While the regiments above mentioned were getting ready, scores of offers to raise companies poured in from all parts of the state. Says Adjt.-General Schouler, in his report for 1861: "From the 13th of April to the 20th of May, 159 applications were granted to responsible parties for leave to raise companies. In nearly every instance the application was signed for the requisite number of men for a company. These applications came from every part of the commonwealth, and represented all classes, creeds, and nationalities. The authorities of the several cities and towns acted with patriotic liberality toward these companies, furnishing good accommodations for drilling, and providing for the families of the men." There were fully 10,000 men in these companies, all anxious to be called into immediate service. Nearly all the new militia companies were organized between April 13 and May 4. While the work of enlistment was going on offers of pecuniary aid poured in on the governor and the adjutant-general. William Gray of Boston sent his check for $10,000; Otis Norcross of Boston sent $500; Gardner Brewer of the same city offered the state $10,000, while many smaller amounts were received. The Boston banks proffered a loan of $3,600,000 without security and further offered to the secretary of the treasury to take their full share of an issue of $150,000,000 in treasury notes. Secretary Chase credited Samuel Hooper of Boston with more valuable assistance in supporting the credit of the government than any other man in the country. He further said: "I sent the first treasury note that ever was signed to Mr. Edward Wallace of Salisbury, Mass., in recognition of his having been the first man in the country to offer a loan to the government without interest." The professional classes rallied to the support of the government with the same zeal. At the very inception of the war, an efficient medical department was organized through the efforts of Drs. George H. Lyman and William J. Dale. Dr. Lyman had shown wise foresight by preparing himself in advance for such service and immediately offered his services to the governor in the work of fitting out the regiments with medical supplies. Dr. Dale wrote: "On April 16, 1861, I was called from my professional pursuits, by Governor Andrew, to assist Dr. George H. Lyman in furnishing medical supplies for the 6th regiment, and I continued, under the direction of the governor, to perform, conjointly with Dr. Lyman, such duties as were incidental to a medical bureau, until June 13, 1861, when I was commissioned surgeon-general of Massachusetts, with the rank of colonel." Many of the best physicians in the state gave their services gratuitously to the families of soldiers. The Boston bar voted to assume the business of any lawyers who might enlist and to make liberal provision for their families. Many of the clergy offered their services as chaplains. The Rev. W. H. Cudworth, of East Boston, not only volunteered as chaplain for the first three years' regiment, but also announced that, if his services were not accepted, he would devote a year's salary to the cause, and that the sexton and the organist would do the same. He also advised that the money raised to build a new church be devoted to the families of soldiers; hoped the society would furnish at least one company to defend the flag; and recommended that the women of the parish form a society to make underclothing for the soldiers. Nor were the women lacking in zeal and patriotism. They freely offered their services as hospital nurses and busied themselves in making soldiers' garments and hospital supplies. On April 19 Mrs. Frances Wright, of Foxboro, wrote the governor, the letter being signed by 100 young women of that town who offered their services in the above capacities, or in any other way possible. Governor Andrew replied: "I accept it as one of the most earnest and sincere of the countless offers of devotion to our old commonwealth, and to the cause of the country," and asked them "to help those who are left behind and follow those who have gone before with your benedictions, your benefactions, and your prayers." The above are but limited examples of the boundless enthusiasm, the generous spirit of sacrifice and the patriotic zeal displayed by all classes in the Old Bay State, when the nation's integrity was assailed. Moreover, Massachusetts contributed her full share in the councils of the government at Washington, where she was represented by such men as Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson, while abroad she was represented at the Court of St. James by the brilliant Charles Francis Adams.

From the first outbreak of hostilities the executive and military departments of the state were almost swamped with work. It was at once found necessary to relieve the adjutant-general of part of his duties, and on April 19 Colonel John H. Reed, an experienced military man, was commissioned quartermaster-general of Massachusetts, with the rank of brigadier-general. Colonels Sargent, Ritchie, Lee and Wetherell, of the governor's personal staff, were almost constantly on duty, giving information, answering letters, and engaged with the many details of the executive office at this time. The executive council was also in session and on April 20 it authorized the treasurer to borrow $200,000, as an emergency fund for military purposes; and further directed that "an agent be sent to Europe with authority to purchase, on account of the commonwealth, 25,000 rifles and army pistols, to be imported as soon as may be, for the use of the militia in defense of the state and of the nation, and that the governor issue a letter of credit to such agent for the purpose of fulfilling this order." Hon. Francis B. Crowninshield was appointed as agent, given a letter of credit for £50,000 sterling, and sailed forthwith for England.

Before the three months' levy was fairly in the field, men began to realize the need for longer enlistments, and that the war was to be a longer and much more serious affair than any one had at first thought. When, on May 3, Governor Andrew stated among other things, in a letter to President Lincoln, "We have now enough additional men to furnish you with six more regiments to serve for the war, unless sooner discharged," he had in mind a three years' enlistment, which was believed by all, ample to cover any possible prolongation of the war. On May 3, 1861, President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling for thirty-nine regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, but Massachusetts was not assigned her quota under the call for more than two weeks. From the time the three months' troops left the state until the call for three years' volunteers communications between the departments at Washington and the state authorities was slow and unsatisfactory. It was on this account that Governor Andrew requested ex-Governor Boutwell, Atty.-General Foster, Judge E. R. Hoar and William L. Burt to go forward and make every effort to keep him in touch with events at Washington, New York and elsewhere. He was admirably served by all these gentlemen, as will be seen from a study of their correspondence among the state papers. The following brief extracts from the correspondence of Judge Hoar at this period will show something of the valuable services rendered by them all. He writes from Washington on May 6, to Governor Andrew: "Mr. Foster, I learn, has gone with General Butler, and cannot be communicated with. Dr. Howe has not arrived. The 'Cambridge' arrived yesterday afternoon. I have therefore, as I wrote to you yesterday, 'taken the responsibility,' which I trust will meet your approbation, as there is no one here to attend to the business, and, unless instant attention be paid to it, in the present extreme confusion of affairs here, there would be even great delay in getting their private packages to our troops. I saw the president this morning the instant he left the breakfast table, presented your letter to him, and explained to him the whole business. I also saw General Cameron, and he has agreed to take the stores, with the exception of such as we may retain for hospital use and for the reasonable comfort of our men, at the invoice price with the freight added at the price you named. The president sent for Mr. Seward, and I had a conference with them jointly as to the purchase or employment of the steamers, and also with General Cameron. The strong inclination of the government is to purchase rather than to charter vessels, and I think the arrangement can be made to sell them. * * * The 6th Mass. regiment left Washington yesterday, under General Butler's orders, for the Relay house, between Annapolis Junction and Baltimore. Their future destination is not certain, but, if there should be a march for the occupation of Baltimore, it is felt that poetical justice requires that regiment to have first place." He thus describes a few of the early hardships of the 5th regiment: "The regiment reached the junction (Annapolis) and took their first substantial sleep on the ground, without shelter or blankets. Our Concord company had nothing but their guns, and what they left home in, and their great-coats, and a number had not even the coats left behind at Annapolis. The baggage, left without charge, got mixed with general United States stores and distributed to Pennsylvania and other troops promiscuously. It is gone past redemption. Thirty men of the Concord company have not yet got a blanket and sleep on a hard floor. They had not a shirt in the company till last Friday, two weeks from home, except those they wore from home, nor a pair of stockings or drawers till Saturday, and then not enough to go around There is no complaint. * * * * They want what the enclosed list states—instantly. I know you will send them if you can." May 2 Governor Andrew appointed Dr. Samuel G. Howe of Boston to go into the field and make a personal report on the sanitary condition of General Butler's brigade. He entered on his duties at once, and returning concluded his report with the pertinent suggestion: "If a tithe of the science, skill and care, which are so liberally given to improving all the means of killing the soldiers of other armies were devoted to the means of keeping our own soldiers in health, the present fearful mortality of war would be lessened." Judge Hoar left Washington about May 15. Charles Russell Lowell, Jr., later well known as a general of cavalry and mortally wounded at Cedar creek, Virginia, was appointed to take up the work of Judge Hoar. His duties as the semi-official agent of the state were explained to him by Judge Hoar, who thus summarized the matter: "The object of the whole arrangement is to have some one responsible, competent agent, who will know all that is done and sent from Massachusetts, and all that is wanted and received at Washington, or by the troops wherever stationed; to take care of property, take vouchers, prevent waste, and to be the sole channel of communication between supply and demand." Mr. Lowell served as state agent until May 14, when he received from the president a captain's commission in the 6th U. S. cavalry. He was succeeded in the work by Charles H. Dalton of Boston.

After the president's call of May 3, 1861, every effort was made by the state authorities to induce the government to accept all the regiments which Massachusetts was prepared to furnish. The whole state overflowed with martial ardor and companies were rapidly organized. These were drilled with care, and might be seen parading the streets of every considerable town in the state. Enlisted as militia, they were anxious to serve as three years' volunteers. On May 8 an offer was made to the secretary of war, by direction of the governor, to "furnish six regiments for three years, or for the war, perfectly equipped, in addition to the quota which Massachusetts might be called upon to furnish under the first call of the president." This was refused and the same day, by the secretary. Governor Andrew telegraphed time and again for instructions to organize into regiments the various companies which had been formed, but could get no reply. Finally, on May 22, a letter was received from Sec'y Cameron, which gave, almost grudgingly, authority to raise six regiments, but added: "It is important to reduce rather than enlarge this number, and in no event to exceed it. Let me earnestly recommend you, therefore, to call for no more than eight regiments, of which six only are to serve for three years or during the war, and if more are already called for to reduce the number by discharge." This is strange language, in the light of after events, and clearly shows how little the authorities at Washington comprehended the gravity of the situation or the magnitude and length of the contest ahead. The masses of the people in city and hamlet seemed to have a far clearer insight into the future. The records of all the early town meetings in Massachusetts reflect this saner view on the part of the people.

The organization of these three years' regiments was practically the same as that which obtained in the regular army. Material for the formation of twice the number of regiments was at hand, but the war department had authorized only six additional ones, which "were organized, armed, equipped, clothed and sent forward within four weeks after orders were received that they would be accepted." The following were the regiments: The 1st (Colonel Cowdin) left for Washington June 15 and was the first of the three years' regiments to reach the capital; the 2d (Colonel Gordon) left for the front on July 8; the 7th (Colonel Couch) left for Washington July 11; the 9th (Colonel Cass), and the 11th (Colonel Clark) left for Washington on June 24; and the 10th (Colonel Briggs) on July 25. On June 17, through the vigorous efforts of Governor Andrew, permission was accorded to raise ten more regiments. This met the governor's view that the war should be prosecuted with vigor and also dispelled some of the cares which had crowded thick upon him at this time. Orders were at once issued to organize and send forward these regiments and the work was accomplished with the same energy and despatch which had characterized Massachusetts since the inception of the war. It was impossible for the executive department to satisfy many of the demands made upon it during this period. Replying to a letter from Senator Wilson, in Washington—who wrote that "the condition of the uniforms and equipments of the Massachusetts three months' troops was bad, as compared with those of other states," Governor Andrew used this language: "I have sent and am sending forward large supplies both of provisions and clothing, but as I am not gifted by the Lord with omniscience, and as in no single case have I received any report from any of the regiments in and about Washington of what they need, I am sorry I am unable to satisfy everybody, and still more sorry that Massachusetts troops should be permitted to suffer. Although a month has now elapsed since they left the state, the muster-rolls of the 8th regiment are the only ones which have as yet been received." The officers failed to report fully and frequently on the needs of their commands, but when authentic information was received on this head there was every effort made to satisfy all demands. "We have," he wrote, "not less than $50,000 worth of undergarments and other clothing now on hand. We are now manufacturing no less than 6,000 summer uniforms, and we have spent not less than $50,000 in merely supplying subsistence to our troops on their way and in the field." If the troops were not properly equipped, it was due to their hurried departure, being assured by the secretary of war that the department would supply all their needs at Washington on their arrival. He complained that he had never been advised what supplies the department had furnished or expected to furnish; that no United States officer had been detailed to muster troops in Massachusetts, and to advise with him, as was done in New York and other states; that in spite of his frequent communications on the subject, Boston harbor was then undefended by a single gun— his requests having been met with positive refusal or ignored; and that he was even refused permission to clean Fort Warren at the expense of the state, in order to put it into a sanitary condition for the reception of the volunteer troops; and suggested finally "that the influence of all the agents of Massachusetts at Washington is needed, and may be profitably exerted to extort from the national government, if it cannot be done by persuasion, at least some approach to the courtesy and attention which have evidently been extended to other states in these respects, and which is preeminently due to Massachusetts, by reason of her constant loyalty, her prompt movement to the defense of the nation, her children dead at Baltimore, and the sacrifice of money and men which she expects and is willing to make for the common cause."

Believing that the war would be a long one, and that the state should be placed in a better position to meet the numerous problems that had arisen since the close of the regular session of the legislature on April 13, it was deemed best to call an extra session, which convened on May 14. Governor Andrew addressed them thus: "The occasion demands action, and it shall not be delayed by speech; nor do either the people or their representatives need or require to be stimulated by appeals or convinced by arguments. A grand era has dawned, inaugurated by the present great and critical exigency of the nation, through which it will providentially and triumphantly pass and soon, emerging from apparent gloom, will breathe a freer inspiration in the assured consciousness of vitality and power. Confident of our ultimate future, confident in the principles and ideas of democratic-republican government, in the capacity, conviction and manly purpose of the American people, wherever liberty exists and republican government is administered under the purifying and instructing power of free opinion and free debate—I perceive nothing now about us which ought to discourage the good or to alarm the brave." He then briefly reviewed the events of the last month; stated that the state had expended up to date $267,645.18 in equipping and provisioning the regiments, exclusive of the £50,000 sterling drawn in favor of Mr. Crowninshield for the purchase of arms abroad and of contracts which would call for the expenditure of $100,000 more; said that 129 new companies had been organized, and urged the following matters upon the attention of the legislative body: A state camp for military instruction; a law forbidding the payment of bounties to men enlisting in local companies by the towns; and prohibiting all costly and inefficient modes of organizing and disciplining troops. The legislature made a cordial response to these suggestions. Among the acts passed at this session was one "in aid of the families of volunteers," which empowered towns and cities to raise money for soldiers' families; one organizing the home guard; and one "for the maintenance of the Union and the Constitution," which ratified what the governor had previously done, gave him power to arm, equip, and officer troops, fix their rank and pay, and adjust accounts with the United States. It also created the "Union Fund," and authorized the issue of $3,000,000 in scrip, bearing interest at six per cent.—coupons payable after 10 or at 30 years. A supplemental act empowered the governor to issue scrip for $7,000,000 at six per cent., to be loaned to the United States or expended in the purchase of U. S. treasury notes. It also created a sinking fund to redeem the war debt; passed an act which authorized the governor to pay from the Union Fund any troops of the commonwealth mustered into the U. S. service, from the time they reported up to the date of their muster in; and an act empowering the governor to establish one or more camps of military instruction and discipline. Many of the members donated their pay to the volunteer fund and the session concluded amid the singing of patriotic songs.

After the six three years' regiments had left the state and the additional ten, before mentioned, had been accepted, there was a constant demand for troops until the close of the war. The state camp authorized by the legislature was never established, but the troops were rendezvoused at various temporary camps in different parts of the state to accommodate the local demand. In 1861, during a period of six months, a total of 27,000 officers and men were organized, equipped and sent to the front as three years' volunteers. Including the three months' men, the state furnished during the year an aggregate of 30,736 officers and enlisted men. The three years' organizations were the 1st, 2d, 7th, and from the 9th to 29th regiments of infantry, inclusive, though the last two were not complete. In addition were one battalion of infantry, composed of five companies doing garrison duty at Fort Warren until the close of the year, which formed the nucleus of what was later the 32d infantry; two companies of sharpshooters; the 1st cavalry; 1st, 2nd, 3d, 4th and 5th light batteries. General Butler was also organizing two regiments in the state independently of the state authorities; six companies had gone to New York to join the "Mozart" regiment and the Excelsior brigade; 300 had enlisted in the Union coast guard at Fortress Monroe, under Colonel Wardrop, formerly of the 3d Mass. infantry, and 7,658 men had entered the naval service through enlistments at the Charlestown navy-yard.

Despite the small pay of the volunteer soldier, every effort was made to induce him to save a part of it, both for the sake of those dependent upon him and for his own sake on return to civil life. On July 22, 1861, Congress provided for the allotment system to the volunteer soldiers. Frank B. Fay of Chelsea, Henry Edwards of Boston, and David Wilder, Jr., of Newton, were appointed allotment commissioners in February, 1862, and at once visited all the troops in the field. The work was so well done that forty-one regiments and batteries took advantage of the system, whereby a portion of the soldier's pay was deducted by the U. S. paymasters and sent directly to the state treasurer, who distributed it to the recipients named in the act of allotment through the several city and town treasurers, or retained it in the treasury at interest for the benefit of the soldier. More than $3,000,000 were sent home in this way by Massachusetts soldiers, in addition to sums sent directly by the men.

Under the Massachusetts militia system the officers were elected and all the three months' regiments were organized in this manner. On account of the short term of their service, no question arose as to the method of filling vacancies which might result during their absence. With the three years', and other long service troops, the elective system was dropped and the officers of the regiments and companies were selected and commissioned by the governor. The question of filling vacancies was unsettled until August, 1861, when it was determined that the adjutant-general of the United States should report any vacancy to the governor, who thereupon issued the commission to such person as he might select. This practice, with some modifications for certain troops, prevailed during the war.

The work of organizing and sending off so many troops during the year 1861 entailed so much extra labor as to require the appointment of new staff officers, and the creation of more military departments. Mention has already been made of the appointment of a quartermaster-general of the state on April 19, which appointment was later confirmed at the special session of the legislature. The organization of a medical bureau has also been detailed. On May 25, 1861, General Ebenezer W. Stone was appointed master of ordnance with the rank of colonel and held the position until October of the same year. On May 27, Albert G. Browne, Jr., of Salem, was appointed military secretary to the governor with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and held the position throughout the several administrations of Governor Andrew. On June 13, 1861, Elijah D. Brigham of Boston was commissioned commissary-general of Massachusetts; Charles H. Dalton, at Washington; William P. Lee and Waldo Adams, of Boston, and Frank E. Howe, of New York, were appointed assistant quartermaster-generals during the summer of this year.

Men had come to realize that the war was to be a bitter and protracted struggle. Most of the men in the field had enlisted for long terms of service and the casualties from battle and disease were growing in volume as the months rolled by. Every effort was made by the state authorities to supply the needs of the soldiers at the front and to relieve the sufferings of the sick and wounded. To this end various soldiers' relief associations and agencies were established early in the war. One such agency was established at Washington after the arrival of the wounded of the 6th regiment from Baltimore, April 19, 1861. This agency enlarged its field of usefulness until it included not only the oversight of Massachusetts men in the 60 hospitals in and near Washington, but reached out to the accessible camps and battle-fields and took in the needs of both the sound and disabled soldiers. The scope of the work to be carried on is well set forth in the following preamble of the constitution, adopted at a meeting of Massachusetts residents of Washington, April 19: "The undersigned, now or formerly citizens of Massachusetts, in order to secure, by organization and mutual cooperation, proper care for the wounded and disabled and decent interment for the dead, of the Massachusetts troops which are now or may be on duty in this vicinity, do form ourselves into a society, to be called the Massachusetts association." The sick and wounded were returned in great numbers during the summer of 1862 from the Peninsular campaign, and Colonel Gardner W. Tufts of Lynn was appointed the agent for Massachusetts in Washington. His instructions covered every service an agent could perform, or a soldier require. Mention should here be made of the devoted labors in this field of Miss Lander of Salem, sister of General Frederick W. Lander, who "headed the advance guard of that corps of mercy." Another devoted co-worker was Mrs. Jennie L. Thomas of Dedham, appointed in October, 1862, to assist Colonel Tufts. The names of 35,151 sick or wounded men were recorded at the Washington agency, and the expense to the Massachusetts treasury was $35,000. The total amount of the money transactions of the agency up to January i, 1867, was $721,722.87. During the last year of the war a branch was established in Annapolis to care for the Massachusetts soldiers who were or had been prisoners.

Another important relief agency was early established in New York city, which came to be known as "the New England rooms." The originator of this noble relief work was Frank E. Howe, a former citizen of Massachusetts. It developed into a hospital and home for soldiers from all the New England states. The expenses were met by voluntary contributions from the liberal and patriotic citizens of the city. Colonel Howe was made the accredited agent of the commonwealth in a letter written by the governor May 20, 1861, acknowledging Mr. Howe's liberal and patriotic tender of services.

The need for similar agencies was early felt in the large cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia, where state agencies were established and became useful auxiliaries to the great agencies in New York and Washington. In consequence the soldiers of the state were sure of being cared for while en route through these cities. The Baltimore agency was established under the direction of the governor and was placed in charge of William Robinson of that city, who had won favorable notice through kindness extended to the wounded of the 6th regiment. At Philadelphia Robert C. Corson was placed in charge of the immediate interests of Massachusetts soldiers passing through that city. In addition to the establishment of the above agencies, the governor gave personal attention to the wants of the Massachusetts regiments, and at various times sent members of his staff to the front to report on their condition. During the disastrous summer of 1862, Adj.-General Schouler, Colonel Ritchie, Colonel John Q. Adams, and Dr. Bowditch were sent to the front and rendered full reports of the condition of the men.

Among the numerous relief associations which were established in various parts of the state it is only possible to mention a few of the more important ones by reason of the limitations of this work. Two important and central organizations, which carried on relief work of a notable and highly praiseworthy character, were formed in Boston and its immediate vicinity. The "Ladies' Industrial aid association" had for its object the assistance of those women who performed sewing and manual work for contractors to meet the urgent calls for military clothing and supplies. Mrs. Charles R. Lowell was the president of the association and received the articles from the contractors. She was able to pay the women twice as much as the contractors and thus performed a two-fold service. The New England Women's auxiliary association, an efficient branch of the U. S. sanitary commission, was organized in December, 1861, and rendered important aid in the work of that noble institution. Its branches were everywhere throughout Massachusetts, and the three New England States on the north. One million garments and articles were forwarded to the hospitals and camps; $314,000 was contributed to the work; all services were done gratuitously. The Donation Committee originated in Boston early in the war and was another important relief association. It was under the management of Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis and received and distributed during the four years of the war an immense quantity of supplies to the soldiers. Nearly $1,000,000 in money and goods were donated and passed through the hands of the committee. The headquarters were originally at the home of Mrs. Otis, later at the Evans house, and finally at 126 Tremont street, opposite Park street church. While these large and central measures were being put into operation in and about Boston other parts of the state were equally patriotic and were doing efficient work along the same lines. Even the convicts in the state prison worked night and day preparing supplies for the outgoing volunteers. Space forbids more than passing mention of the Massachusetts soldiers' fund, whereby the amount of nearly $75,000 was raised and disbursed for the benefit of soldiers' families; the Boston soldiers' fund, for the benefit of soldiers' families living in Boston; and the considerable sums donated and disbursed through the medium of the surgeon-general of the state. The record of patriotic relief work carried on by the people of Massachusetts during the war is an inspiring and noble one, and has never been surpassed.

Governor Andrew was nominated by acclamation at the Republican state convention which met at Worcester, October 1, 1861, and was elected to succeed himself by a large majority. The resolutions adopted by the convention recited that the maintenance of the constitution transcends any other question, and demands the life and property of all citizens; expressed a desire for the union of all friends of the country against its pretended friends and open enemies; declared that no rights secured to loyal citizens shall be endangered, and that disloyal citizens have no rights adverse to those who are loyal; approved the acts of the administration; recognized the devotion of the volunteers and recommended great care in the nomination of subordinate officers. An anti-slavery resolution was tabled.

Near the close of 1861, after some correspondence between the states, the legislature of Maryland appropriated $7,000 for the benefit of the families of those who were killed and wounded in the Baltimore riot. The act was a gracious one and did much to promote good feeling between the two states. The legislature, which assembled in January, 1862, duly acknowledged this act of Maryland. It also made provision for the armament of the forts in Boston harbor and at New Bedford and caused plans to be prepared for the fortifications of other ports in the state. This subject of proper coast defenses was a matter of constant care and anxiety to the state authorities throughout the war. The matter never received the attention it deserved at Washington, though it is probable that neither the navy nor war department had the means at their command to afford the needed protection. As early as April 24, 1861, the governor sent a detachment of the volunteer militia to garrison the forts in Boston harbor. Though every effort was made to induce the United States government to remedy the defenseless condition of the coast as speedily as possible, so great was the pressure of other matters of moment requiring immediate attention, that little or nothing was done. In his message to the legislature in January, 1863, the governor reviewed the history of his past efforts, and liberal provision was made by the legislature at this session to effect the desired relief. Fortifications were thereupon erected at Newburyport, Marblehead, Plymouth, Salem, New Bedford and Gloucester, and Boston harbor was at the same time provided with an ingenious system of defenses. The greatest need—large and powerful guns—could only be satisfied by despatching agents to Europe, which was promptly done. In this way a number of powerful guns were contracted for and secured. The famous fight between the Merrimac and Monitor had demonstrated the absolute necessity of heavy ordnance in naval attack and coast defense.

During the first six months of 1862, the following three years' organizations had been recruited and sent to the front: Three companies of unattached cavalry; the 28th, 29th and 30th infantry regiments; the 6th battery; seven companies of the 31st regiment comprising the Fort Warren battalion and later reorganized as the 32nd infantry; two companies for the 14th infantry, making a total of 4,587 men. Other new organizations created during this period were a company of light artillery known as Cook's (8th) battery, mustered in for six months' service; the 1st unattached company of heavy artillery, enlisted for three years for service in the Boston harbor forts; the 1st company of Cadets, which took the place of the Fort Warren battalion; the 2nd company Cadets of Salem, on garrison duty in the forts of Boston harbor, and a company raised by Captain E. H. Staten, also mustered in for garrison duty. Besides the above new organizations 6,628 volunteers were recruited and sent forward to fill the depleted ranks of regiments in the field. Says Adjt.-General Schouler: "It was the policy of Governor Andrew to keep the regiments in service full, rather than to organize new regiments while the old regiments were wanting men. In pursuance of this policy, 7,000 men were enlisted during the year 1862, assigned to regiments in the field, and forwarded to their several destinations." Much criticism has been leveled at Massachusetts for what was termed her "mistaken policy" in respect to recruiting. Such able military critics as J. C. Ropes at home and the Comte de Paris abroad have been especially severe in their strictures on the policy of forming new regiments, instead of filling up the old ones. What these and other critics say is probably true, but the procedure was rather a matter of necessity than one of choice. That it was not the policy of Governor Andrew, as sometimes asserted, is refuted by the above statement of Adjt.-General Schouler, as well as by an incident related by the state historian, T. W. Higginson. A local selectman in 1864 offered the governor a company from his town for a new regiment if the officers named by the men could be commissioned. This was strongly opposed by the governor, but the selectman stated that not a man could be raised in his town for an old regiment. Said Bvt. Brigadier-General Walcott who described the scene: "Since new regiments were better than none and quotas must be filled,, Governor Andrew had to yield, and wound up with this vehement commentary, 'Julius Caesar himself couldn't raise a company for an old regiment in Massachusetts, as long as there is a shoemaker left to make a captain of.'" It became easier to secure recruits for old organizations after July 21, 1862, when the secretary of war issued an order promising new recruits that they should be mustered out with the regiment to which they were assigned. "Most of our regiments in the field had two years yet to serve, and there was a general belief that before the expiration of the regiments' terms the war would be at an end. The effect of the order was to send nearly 5,000 men to fill up the depleted ranks." (Adjt.-General's Rep., January, 1865, p. 51.)

In response to an order from the president May 28, 1862, for thirty companies of infantry, recruiting was commenced for the 33d and 34th infantry. Six of the remaining ten companies were recruited and assigned as a garrison for Fort Warren, and four to complete the organization of the 32nd. On July 2, 1862, the president called for 300,000 three years' men. General Order, No. 26, called for 15,000 volunteers from Massachusetts to form new regiments and to fill the ranks of old ones. Each town was now assigned its quota and recruiting proceeded rapidly. Within three months from the date of the receipt of this order, Massachusetts had furnished her contingent of 15,000 men, 4,000 of which went to recruit regiments in the field, and the 33d, 34th, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th and 41st infantry (afterwards reorganized as the 3d cavalry), together with the 9th and 10th light batteries, were the new organizations formed under this order. Not a dollar of bounty was paid these or any of the preceding men by the state. Before the work of recruiting the above mentioned15,000 men was half completed the president issued, on August 4, a call for 300,000 men for nine months' service. The proportion assigned to Massachusetts was 19,000 and the men were to be drafted. From the beginning to the end of the war, both the state and local authorities were strenuously opposed to the draft, and labored to avoid it. As Massachusetts furnished her quota at this period within a reasonable time by voluntary enlistment a draft was avoided. The new enrolment, however, which was made at this time, showing the credits to be allowed to the various cities for men already furnished, and the proportion required from each under this call, remained as a basis for all future apportionments among the cities and towns throughout the war. By December the quota of the state was practically filled. About 33,000 men had been recruited in less than 5 months, and the regiments, well organized and equipped, had gone forward. Under the call for nine months' troops, the following regiments were supplied: The 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, which had been in the three months' service at the beginning of the war, were each recruited to the full standard for the nine months' service, and new infantry regiments from the 42nd to the 53d, inclusive, were organized, together with the 11th light battery, the only nine months' battery raised in the state. Massachusetts had at the close of the year 1862 in active service upwards of 60,000 men in the field, composed of fifty-three regiments of infantry, one regiment and three unattached companies of cavalry, twelve companies of light and three of heavy artillery, and two companies of sharpshooters. Moreover, recruiting for the old organizations in the field had gone forward briskly and several thousand men had been supplied. Massachusetts troops had suffered heavy losses in the Peninsular campaign, under General Pope, and at the battle of Antietam.

In the Republican state convention which assembled at Worcester, September 10, 1862, resolutions were adopted which stated in substance: that Massachusetts would support the government in the prosecution of the war; that, as slavery was a principal support of the rebellion, slavery should be exterminated. The valor of the soldiers was complimented and sympathy expressed for those who had fallen; one complimentary to the senators in Congress, and favoring the reelection of Charles Sumner to the U. S. senate by the legislature to be elected in November, and one which indorsed the state administration. The convention renominated Governor Andrew and the old state officers, with the exception of the lieutenant-governor, by acclamation. The Democratic party as such held no convention, but united with the conservative and dissatisfied Republicans to hold a "People's convention," which placed in nomination Brigadier-General Charles Devens, Jr., for governor; Thomas F. Plunkett for lieutenant-governor; Henry W. Paine for attorney-general, and indorsed the balance of the Republican ticket. Candidates for Congress in several districts were also nominated. The resolutions adopted favored a vigorous prosecution of the war and pointedly indorsed General McClellan. Governor Andrew received 80,835 votes at the election, and Devens 52,587. The legislature which met in January, 1863, reelected Charles Sumner as U. S. senator, thus sustaining him in his fearless position as an opponent of the institution of slavery. The legislature adjourned on April 29, after passing about 350 bills. Among the expenditures provided for were $1,000,000 for coast defenses, $500,000 for the purchase of arms and $5,500,000 for expenses connected with the war. It authorized the reimbursement to the cities and towns for the bounties paid by them to volunteers, in sums not to exceed $100 to each volunteer; legalized the acts and doings of cities and towns in the payment of bounties to volunteers and taxes assessed to pay the same; authorized the state aid to be paid to families of drafted men the same as families of volunteers; provided for the payment by the state of the pay due to soldiers by the Federal government and for the encouragement of the allotment of pay by the soldiers; authorized the governor to pay bounties not to exceed $50 each to volunteer, and provided that cities and towns might raise money by taxation for the support of the families of deceased soldiers and of soldiers discharged for disability. The various municipalities were prohibited, from the further payment of bounties to volunteers.

The state raised and equipped during the war five regiments of cavalry, which were all the mounted troops furnished, except a battalion of frontier cavalry and a few unattached companies furnished near the close of the struggle. Reference has been made to the formation of the 1st cavalry. Two more regiments of cavalry were formed in 1863.

The Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln had gone into effect on January 1, 1863, and Congress had authorized the president by express terms to employ persons of African descent as he might deem best for the suppression of the rebellion. On January 26 Governor Andrew was authorized by the secretary of war to recruit a colored regiment in Massachusetts, the same to be officered by white men. On account of the strong prejudices involved only five regiments of colored volunteers, the 1st S. C., 1st Kansas, and three regiments of free colored men recruited by General Butler in New Orleans, had been organized up to this date. An effort had, indeed, been made in one eastern state, Rhode Island, to recruit a colored regiment, but it remained for Massachusetts, under the vigorous lead of Governor Andrew, to take the first effective steps. The first authority to recruit for a colored regiment was issued by Governor Andrew, February 7, 1863, and in less than 100 days the regiment was filled to the maximum. Such was the enthusiasm among the colored men to enlist the authorities decided to organize another colored regiment, which was also rapidly filled, the two regiments being numbered the 54th and the 55th. The report of the adjutant general for 1863 thus sets forth the feeling which prevailed: "It required calm foresight, thorough knowledge of our condition, earnest conviction, faith in men, faith in the cause, and undaunted courage, to stem the various currents which set in and flooded the land against employing the black man as a soldier. In the executive of Massachusetts was found a man who possessed the qualifications necessary to stem these currents, and to wisely inaugurate and peacefully carry out to a successful termination the experiment of recruiting regiments of colored men." Many patriotic men in the North felt that there was imminent danger in this procedure lest the prime object of the war—the restoration of the national authority in the seceded states—give place to an anti-slavery crusade. Many worthy soldiers protested against serving in an abolition crusade, and many desertions at this time may properly be attributed to this cause. Most men now realize that the employment of the blacks as soldiers by the North was wise, both from a military standpoint and as a means of advancing the colored race. Colonel Shaw, who was placed in command of the 54th, had been a captain in the 2nd Mass. infantry, a brilliant officer, a student of Harvard college and belonged to one of the best families in the state. He fell while leading his men, on the parapet of Fort Wagner, S. C, and was buried with his men in a common trench by the Confederates. Lieut.-Colonel Hallowell organized the 55th and became its colonel. Both regiments rendered excellent service. In the winter of 1863-64, a third colored regiment was formed, known as the 5th Mass. cavalry, under the command of Colonel Henry S. Russell. The men in these commands came from many different parts of the country. Massachusetts officers were especially prominent in the work of arming the blacks in other parts of the country. The pioneer regiment of the whole series of slave-regiments was the one raised in South Carolina in August, 1862, under authority of the war department, by Brigadier-General Rufus Saxton, military governor of the Department of the South. General Saxton was a Massachusetts man, as was Colonel T. W. Higginson, the commander of the regiment. Captain R. J. Hinton, who recruited the 1st Kansas colored reg., Major-General B. F. Butler, who recruited the three colored regiments of New Orleans, Major-General G. L. Andrews, and Major G. L. Stearns, who had principal charge of the work of organizing the blacks in the slave states, Major-General N. P. Banks, who organized the Corps d'Afrique at New Orleans, Major-General Edward W. Hinks, who commanded a large body of the colored troops in the operations before Petersburg, and Brigadier-General Samuel M. Quincy, author of a special system of tactics for the colored troops, were all Massachusetts men. A matter which should also be borne in mind is that the white officers in command of these black men were expressly denied the ordinary rights of war by the Confederate government, and "if captured, were to be put to death as inciting servile insurrection."

The only draft of any consequence which occurred in Massachusetts took place during the months of June and July, 1863. The law directing it, passed by Congress the previous winter, was put into operation at this time, when Major Clarke, of the U. S. Army, was appointed provost-marshal-general for the state, with headquarters at Boston, and assistant provost-marshals were appointed for the several congressional districts. All male persons in the state between 20 and 45 years of age were enrolled in two classes, the total number being 164,178. The number actually drafted was 32,079, of whom 6,690 were held to serve, though of these only 743 actually joined the service, 2,325 provided substitutes, 22,343 were exempted, 3,044 failed to report, and 3,623 paid commutation, amounting to $1,085,800. The number of drafted men and substitutes actually mustered into service in 1863 was 2,944, of whom 2,720 were assigned to regiments at the front, and 224 served as a provost guard at camp on Long Island. Of the above number, 73 were colored and were sent to the 54th infantry. By reason of the wise precautions taken, the bloody scenes which occurred in the streets of New York were not repeated in Massachusetts. There was rioting and disorder in the streets of Boston and angry demonstrations in other places, but only one serious outbreak took place. This was in front of the armory of the 11th battery of light artillery on Cooper street, Boston. A single volley was all that the soldiers of Massachusetts were called on to fire against a mob which sought to force an entrance to the armory building, the police being sufficient to quell the other disturbances.

During the winter of 1863-64 every encouragement was given to the soldiers in the field whose terms of service were about to expire to reenlist for another term of three years. Each soldier who reenlisted was to receive a furlough of 30 days and the liberal bounty offered by the state and general government. Upward of 6,200 Massachusetts veterans accepted the terms, and were credited on the state's quota. While not increasing the number of soldiers in the service, they were the best troops possible and served to offset the weakness resulting from the inferior character of the troops recruited during the later months of the war, from which Massachusetts suffered in common with the other states. Four veteran regiments were raised during the fall and winter of 1863-64, composed of men who had not seen less than nine months' service. These were the 57th to the 59th, inclusive.

In addition to the 2nd cavalry recruited in the early part of the year to which reference has been made, the 2nd heavy artillery was organized in the summer of 1863, while several companies of heavy artillery were organized for garrison duty in the coast forts of the state. During the year, 11,538 men were mustered in for three years, bringing the total of three years' men up to 63,359. Added to this were 16,837 nine months' men and 3,736 three months' men, giving the state a grand total of 83,932. Also 3,686 men who had enlisted in 1863 for the naval service and 17,304 since the beginning of the war, for whom the state had as yet been given no credit by the general government. If these be added to those furnished for the military service, Massachusetts had supplied for all arms of the service by the close of the year 1863, a total of 101, 236 men.

Under the president's call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000 volunteers, the quota of Massachusetts was 15,126. The repeated calls had already drained the state of much of its active manhood. The high patriotic impulses which had moved men to enlist by thousands during the early months of the war no longer stirred men's hearts, after more than two years of bitter struggle. The stay-at-homes were influenced by potent family and business considerations. In the face of the strong demand for labor at high wages, and the prevailing business prosperity, the small bounties offered and the meager pay of the soldier in the field provided no pecuniary temptation to embark in the more dangerous service. Volunteers in active service were receiving $13 per month in money and $3 in clothing, the state was offering a bounty of $50 for a three years' enlistment, and the United States $100, while the recruits were given their choice between infantry, cavalry and artillery regiments. Recruiting progressed very slowly, and to avoid a resort to the unpopular draft the governor was importuned to call an extra session of the legislature, that measures might be devised to stimulate enlistments. The amount of state bounty could not be increased under existing law and little added inducement could be offered by the cities and towns under the law as framed. He accordingly summoned the legislature to meet on November 11, and in an elaborate message recommended that the state add to the monthly pay of the volunteers, rather than pay a large bounty at the date of their muster into service. He also asked them to right the injustice done the colored troops by the general government, which paid these men only $7 per month and the usual allowance for clothing. The legislature remained in session for only a week and devoted itself to the matters urged on their attention by the governor. A bill to promote enlistments and recruiting was passed; a bill which provided for the payment of a bounty of $325 on the date of muster, or, if the recruit should so elect, a bounty of $50, and a monthly wage of $20. In case a soldier should be honorably discharged after six months' service, the payment was to be continued for six months longer, or, if he should die in the service, the money was to be paid to his legal representatives. It further extended the provisions of the state-aid act to the families of volunteers. Resolutions were passed urging on Congress an increase of the pay of the soldiers; expressing the injustice done the state by Congress in not allowing credits for men in the naval service, and in not allowing the colored troops the same pay as the whites.

Considerable bitterness was shown in the political campaign of 1863. The Democratic party placed in nomination for governor a new man to the party, and a former Whig, Henry W. Paine of Cambridge, and a full state ticket. They made their canvass on a platform which declared that it is the duty of every citizen to sustain the national government; that the Democracy

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Military Affairs in Massachusetts 161 will meet armed rebellion with the sword, and "unconstitutional acts of Congress and startling usurpations of power by the executive" with the ballot; that obedience to the constitution is the only true test of loyalty to the government; that the attempt of the radicals to insist on their party platform as a condition of peace, tends, not merely to prolong the war, but to produce anarchy and despotism. They urged a speedy peace on honorable terms and condemned the unconstitutional assumption of various powers by the administration on the insidious plea of military necessity. The Republican convention again placed in nomination Governor Andrew and his official associates, on a platform which pledged the state to an unwavering and unconditional support of the national government; thanked the soldiers and sailors for their heroic services for the preservation of the Union; approved the emancipation policy of the president and the arming of the blacks, and gave unqualified indorsement to the policy of the state administration. At the election in November, Governor Andrew and his party associates were elected by a large majority, Andrew receiving the largest majority he had yet received—41,199.

When the new legislature assembled in 1864, the annual message of the governor recommended that the various bounty acts and those extending state aid to families be modified to include soldiers enlisted in the regular army, and all such families irrespective of their place of residence, and authorizing retroactive relief when the situation of the families demanded it. He urged the establishment of a military academy by the commonwealth, and argued at length in favor of recruiting the wasted regiments in the field from the population of the rebellious states. He showed also that the expenses of the year had been $6,728,000, about $5,116,032 of which had been expended in the payment of bounties, aid to families, etc. Most of the acts passed by the legislature were of a local character, the others being chiefly amendatory of acts already passed relating to the soldiers. Towns were authorized to raise money by taxation for the purpose of erecting monuments "in memory of their soldiers who have died or may die in the service of our country in the present war." Another act was designed to give the right of suffrage to those whose absence prevented their assessment in the usual manner; another made provision for the payment of the proportional expense of the state in the completion of the national cemetery at Gettysburg and the reinternment of the dead there, while still another authorized the creation of a "Bounty Fund" by the issue of $10,000,000 of scrip at five per cent. interest.

At the beginning of the year 1864, the seventeen regiments enlisted for nine months had returned home, and the state had in the field thirty-six regiments of infantry, three regiments of cavalry, two regiments of heavy artillery, one battalion and eight unattached companies of heavy artillery, twelve batteries of light artillery, and two companies of sharpshooters—all in the three years' service. In addition to the four veteran regiments recruited during the winter of 1863-64, the 4th and 5th cavalry were organized and sent to the front during the first six months of 1864, and the following new organizations were also recruited within this period: a new battalion for the 1st cavalry; the 11th, 14th and 16th batteries of light artillery, which joined the Army of the Potomac; four companies of heavy artillery, which were attached to the eight companies raised in 1863, and known as the 3d Mass. heavy artillery; and several thousand men were sent forward as recruits to fill the old regiments.

The final campaign of the war was now in progress and was soon to bring about the fall of the Confederacy. Every available man was now needed at the front, and an order from the secretary of war on July 1, 1864, relieved veteran troops on garrison duty at various points and sent them into active service, and directed that militia regiments enlisted for 100 days take their places. Massachusetts responded with her usual promptness and furnished five regiments to serve for 100 days. These were the 5th, 6th, 8th, 42nd and 60th regiments of infantry, the last named being a new organization. Besides these regiments, nine companies of 100 days' men were recruited for garrison duty in the coast fortifications of the state. The total recruited under this call was 5,461, none of whom were credited on the quota of the state. During September the 4th regiment of heavy artillery was recruited for one year's service and was assigned to duty in the defenses of Washington, where it was soon followed by two unattached companies designed for the same service. A regiment of infantry, the 61st, was also slowly recruited during the fall and winter, and left the state in detachments, to report to General Grant at City Point. Near the close of December, the frontier cavalry was organized., consisting of a battalion of five companies, which joined the 26th N. Y. cavalry and performed guard duty on the Canadian frontier. From the surplus men who had desired to enlist in this battalion, three companies were formed late in the year and attached to the 3d Mass. cavalry in the field, taking the places of three independent companies which were mustered out. In addition to the above, 1,247 men were mustered in for 90 days' service. On March 10, 1865, General Order, No. 5, was issued in accordance with a requisition of the war department to raise one regiment for one year's service, and for thirty infantry companies to recruit old regiments. The new regiment was to be numbered the 62nd, but while these organizations were in process of formation the news of General Lee's surrender was received and they were never organized.

According to the official statement from the adjutant-general's office, July 15, 1885, the total number of sailors and marines furnished by the various states to the U. S. Navy was 101,207. Of this large number, Massachusetts, being a seaside state, contributed a larger number than any other except New York. Her contribution in round numbers was 20,000, or nearly one-fifth of the whole number. A body of volunteer naval officers was also created during the war. A total of 7,500 were enrolled in this service, and out of this number, Higginson says that Massachusetts furnished at least 1,757. The state received no credit on her quotas for this large number of naval enlistments, until Congress passed the act of July 4, 1864, which allowed the same and was one of the most just deeds of Congress during the war. Much credit is due Governor Andrew in securing its enactment and he was at Washington when the bill passed. It afforded a method whereby all the discontented cities and towns of the state could be satisfied. The number of enlistments claimed by the several cities and towns was allowed them, and there was left a surplus of 7,605, which was distributed pro rata among them. The same act which allowed naval credits, also made it lawful for the executive to send recruiting agents into the rebellious states to obtain recruits for the Union armies. Colonel Jos. M. Day of Barnstable was appointed provost-marshal of the state and given supervision over the matter of enlistments. Agents were appointed at Washington, Fortress Monroe, Newbern, Hilton Head, and Nashville. In this way 1,257 men were secured for the quota of the state, but the measure proved of doubtful value. There resulted a sharp competition between the several states, who despatched their agents into the rebellious territory as to which could offer the highest bids for men willing to join the Union army. In addition to these enlistments secured without the borders of the state, it will have been noted that certain other outside elements contributed to fill her quota. Many came to the state to enlist in the 54th and 55th infantry (colored), the California battalion of the 2nd cavalry, but the great proportion of the men furnished by Massachusetts were her own sons. She even furnished considerable bodies of troops for outside organizations, for which she is commonly given no credit in estimates of the total numbers furnished. Five companies joined the New York Mozart regiment in 1861, and some 600 men enlisted in the 99th N. Y. infantry, commanded by Colonel Wardrop, formerly of the 3d Mass. militia.

While the trying campaign of 1864 was in full progress and a heavy cloud of uncertainty hung over the country lest it should not be carried to a successful issue, the great battle of the ballots in both nation and state took place. President Lincoln was triumphantly reelected for a second term. In the state, the Republicans met in convention at Worcester, September 15, and renominated Governor Andrew amid great enthusiasm. The old state ticket was again nominated with the exception of Atty.-General Foster, who declined to make the race. The resolutions adopted conformed to those of previous years and sustained the Baltimore platform and nominations of the national party. The Democratic state convention met on September 21, at Faneuil Hall, Boston, and renominated their ticket of the previous year. Their platform indorsed the nomination of General McClellan at Chicago and "the patriotic principles declared by the national convention"; declared that the people demanded fulfillment of the pledges in the Crittenden resolution and a return to cooperative movements toward peace and union; that the present deplorable civil war was fatal to the Union and constitution; applauded Sheridan's great victory at Winchester, which had just taken place; and called for a better system for the exchange of prisoners of war The campaign was conducted vigorously, but in a conciliatory spirit. The gubernatorial vote was: Andrew, 125,281; Paine, 49,190,—majority for Andrew, 76,091,—slightly less than that of Lincoln, which was 77,997.

When the legislature of the state assembled in January, 1865, it was evident that the war was drawing rapidly to a close. The message of the governor expressed this belief, and also that when the national authority was again restored slavery would have been abolished. In this, his fifth and last inaugural address, he exhaustively reviewed the services and sacrifices of Massachusetts in the war and stated that the war debt amounted to nearly $14,500,000, most of which was held by citizens of the state. Said he: "All the scrip issued by Massachusetts she is bound to pay, and she will pay, both interest and principal, in gold, to all holders, with the cheerfulness which becomes her spotless honor and the promptness of an industrious, economical, and thrifty commonwealth." He showed plainly that general prosperity had prevailed despite the war, as the great increase in savings deposits well shows.

On February 2, 1865, the president signed the resolution abolishing slavery and the constitutional amendment was at once ratified by the legislature. The next day Governor Andrew wired the president: "Massachusetts has today ratified the constitutional amendment abolishing slavery by a unanimous yea and nay vote of both branches of the legislature, the Democrats voting affirmatively."

On April 3 Governor Andrew received a message from the secretary of war, announcing the evacuation of Petersburg and the fall of Richmond. He at once telegraphed in reply: "I give you joy on these triumphant victories. Our people, by a common impulse, abandoned business today, for thanksgiving and rejoicing. The colored man received last got in first, and thus the scripture is fulfilled." The colored division of Weitzel's corps is said to have been the first infantry to enter the Confederate capital. From now on all was excitement and rejoicing, and with the final surrender of Lee on April 9 came the practical ending of the war. The surrender of the other armies of the Confederacy followed in quick succession, the work of disbanding the soldiers was then taken up, and by the close of the summer nearly all the survivors among the Massachusetts troops came home, only a few regiments being detached on special duty until the following year.

A highly interesting ceremony took place after the close of the war, when on December 22, 1865, the 245th anniversary of the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth, the survivors of the various Massachusetts regiments, batteries and companies bore their respective flags in procession through the streets of Boston. The thoroughfares were crowed with spectators, and when the soldiers finally returned to the state house, the flags were formally turned over to the governor by General Couch, commanding the column, and were received by Governor Andrew with eloquent words which touched the hearts of all. His address closed with the pledge: "I accept these relics in behalf of the people and the government. They will be preserved and cherished, amid all the vicissitudes of the future, as mementoes of brave men and noble actions."

Only five states, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Indiana, surpassed Massachusetts in the total number of men furnished during the war. The report of the adjutant-general for January, 1866, states that the number of men supplied was i59,i6s, including 26,163 m the navy. Included in this estimate also, are the reenlisted veterans. Phisterer, an able statistician, estimates that the state supplied a total of 146,730 men, and that 5,318 men paid commutation, making a grand total credited to the state of 152,048. The final report of the adjutant-general at Washington for the year 1885 credits Massachusetts with 122,781 white troops, 3,966 colored troops, and 19,983 sailors, or 146,781 men in all. It would appear from the successive reports of the adjutant-general of the state that every city and town filled its quota upon every call by the president, and that, with twelve minor exceptions, each furnished a surplus over all demands, amounting in all to 15,178. This number should be further increased by the addition of a large number of sailors now credited to Massachusetts, and also by the men recruited in the state and furnished to the two New York organizations. Deduct the imported Germans, and the colored troops as well as the men enlisted in the states in rebellion, and there would still remain a large balance in favor of Massachusetts.

Mention has been made of the three colored regiments recruited in the state. There were two distinctively Irish regiments, the 9th and 28th infantry, besides Irish companies in several regiments. It has been estimated that there were 1,876 Germans recruited in the state out of a total German population of 9,961. (Higginson, vol. I, p. 135.) These were scattered through the various regiments, but three companies were distinctively German—B and C, in the 20th, and A in the 25th.

Higginson is also authority for the statement that the total amount of bounty paid to all recruits by the state, up to December 1, 1865, amounted to $11,685,987.60, and speaking of casualties, says: "There are in all forty-five infantry regiments which lost over 200 men each, killed or mortally wounded, during the Civil war. Six of these were Massachusetts regiments."

The good sanitary condition of the Massachusetts regiments in the field was frequently commended and the condition of the camps was often such as to require no special preparation when an inspection was announced for a certain day. During the early part of the war many recruits were allowed to enlist who had not been properly inspected as to their physical condition, and the same was true to a certain extent in the latter days of the war. The men, however, once enlisted, were given fairly good surgical attendance throughout the war. The "contract surgeons" of the latter days were hardly the equals of their predecessors, but, on the whole, the Massachusetts surgeons ranked high in character. It has been well said that "nothing is more deceptive among military statistics than the mere number of killed in battle; this may proceed from the superior daring of a commander or simply from his carelessness and incapacity; but a small death-roll from disease is pretty sure to be due to the care of the commander and the surgeons." The total number of those who died from disease and accident in Massachusetts organizations is stated by Higginson to be 5,799. The 13th infantry is said to have had the smallest percentage of loss from disease among the three years' regiments of the entire army.

The total losses from all causes among Massachusetts troops was 13,498.

The state expended a total of $27,705,109 in raising and equipping troops and it is estimated that the cities and towns spent as much more, so that the enormous sum of $50,000,000 was spent altogether. Besides the men in the military service, the state furnished many laborers employed at the Charlestown navy-yard and the Springfield armory. Many others were engaged on the fortifications. At the Springfield armory, during the five years beginning on July 1, 1860, a total of 805,636 muskets, with extra parts and repairs equal to 120,845 more, were manufactured. The musket here produced was the standard weapon of the service, and recognized as the best muzzle-loading military arm made. (Bowen, p. 82.)

Massachusetts, as a single state, has been credited by her state historian with certain modest claims, which will hardly be called in question: She was promptly in the field; she maintained a certain high standard in her regiments; no regiment ever conspicuously disgraced itself; she provided soldiers and sailors not merely up to, but in excess of her quota; her governor was fully alive to the situation; while she produced no soldier of the very highest rank, she brought out a number of brilliant young men, prominent among whom were Lowell, Bartlett and Miles, who exhibited both splendid courage and a certain marked genius for war. On the larger stage, in the great work of molding public opinion, one of the brilliant speakers of Congress, speaking of the period from 1855 to 1875, said: "Whether it was for weal or woe, whether it was wisely or unwisely done, men may differ and historians may dispute—but as a matter of fact Massachusetts led America and led her with an audacity and an aggressiveness, with a skill and an eloquence, with a power and force that have never been surpassed in all the tide of time in the leadership of a great people." (Speech of Breckenridge of Kentucky, in the house -of representatives, January 19, 1888.)

Page 168


RECORD OF MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonels, Robert Cowdin, N. B. McLaughlin; Lieut.-Colonels, George D. Wells, Clark B. Baldwin; Majors, Charles P. Chandler, Gardner Walker. This was the first Massachusetts regiment enlisted for three years' service, having first responded to the call for militia regiments for three months. It was mustered in at Boston May 23 to 27, 1861, and mustered out on Boston Common, May 25, 1864. Co. B was composed of the Union Guards of East Boston; Co. C, of the North End True Blues, of Boston; Co. D, of the Roxbury City Guards; Co. E, of the Pulaski Guards, of South Boston; Co. F, of the National Guards of Boston; Co. G, of the Independent Boston Fusileers; Co. H, of the Chelsea Volunteers; Co. I, of the Schouler Guards, of Boston, and Co. K, of the Chadwick Light Infantry, of Roxbury. On June 15 it left Boston for Washington, where it was assigned to Richardson's brigade and encamped on the Potomac, 2 miles below the Chain bridge. Its first skirmish was at Blackburn's ford July 18, 1861, and later participated in the battle of Bull Run and the siege of Yorktown. It was on the skirmish line at Williamsburg and engaged at White Oak swamp, where it made two assaults, and in the Seven Days' battles fought at Savage Station and Glendale. The month of July was spent at Harrison's landing, where the men had a much-needed rest. The regiment was sent to Alexandria in August, 1862, and took part in the second battle of Bull Run. After the fight at Chantilly, when General Hooker left the division, he insisted that the division should be relieved for a time, on account of its heroic and arduous services. The 1st took part in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, where its loss was heavy, and Manassas gap. It was ordered to New York on August 2, 1863, on account of the draft riots, and remained there till October 15, when its returned south. It was engaged at Kelly's ford and in the Mine Run campaign, wintered at Brandy Station and met with severe losses in the battle of the Wilderness. Late in May, 1864, the regiment was mustered out and the reenlisted men and recruits transferred to the 11th Mass. infantry.

Second Infantry.—Colonels, George H. Gordon, George L. Andrews, Samuel M. Quincy, William Cogswell; Lieut.-Colonels, George L. Andrews, Wilder Dwight, Charles R. Mudge, Charles F. Morse; Majors, Wilder Dwight, James Savage, Jr., James Francis. The 2nd regiment, from the state at large, was mustered in for three years at Boston, the organization being completed May 25, 1861. It was mustered out at the same place, May 24, 1864, and the reenlisted men and recruits at Washington, July 11, 1865. The Abbott Grays of Lowell formed Co. A, and the Andrew Light Guard of Salem, Co. C. Before leaving the state, a battle-flag was presented to the regiment by the women of Boston and it also received its state flag. It joined General Patterson's army at Martinsburg, West Virginia, July 12, and moved to Harper's Ferry, which place it garrisoned till August 2. Here it was honored with another flag by the women of Harper's Ferry. Two months were spent in camp at Hyattstown and marches followed to168 Edwards' ferry, by way of Conrad's ferry, back to Edwards' ferry and on to Darnestown. After camping near Frederick from December 4, 1861, to February 27, 1862, it was ordered to Harper's Ferry, then to Charlestown and to Berryville. On March 22, it moved to Snicker's ferry, then back to Winchester; pursued the enemy to Strasburg and Mount Jackson, where it was engaged; then proceeded to near Harrisonburg and back to Newmarket and Strasburg. It formed the rear-guard on the retreat to Newtown and repelled several attacks. As part of the Army of Virginia the 2nd took part in the battle of Cedar mountain, where it suffered heavy loss. It was present at the second battle of Bull Run, but was held in reserve. In the battles of Chantilly, Antietam and Chancellorsville its part was an honorable one, and at Gettysburg its charge was notable and its loss heavy. Advancing close up to the enemy's works, the regiment held its ground until cut off by a force in the rear, when it turned and charged through the line in the rear, thus escaping capture. It then moved into Virginia, but was sent to New York during the draft riots and remained two weeks, or until September 5, 1863. It was next ordered to the Army of the Cumberland and guarded the railroad from Nashville for Generals Rosecrans and Thomas. In the spring of 1864, the Army of the Cumberland joined General Sherman, and from that time the 2nd formed a part of that army on the march to Atlanta and until it reached Washington, where the men were mustered out after over four years' service.

Third Infantry.—Colonels, David W. Wardrop, Silas P. Richmond; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles Raymond, James Barton; Majors, John H. Jennings, John Morissey. The 3d regiment, Mass. militia, responded to the call for three months' troops, sailed for Fortress Monroe, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on April 23, 1861, and was mustered out at Boston, July 23, 1861. In May, four companies enlisted for three years and joined the 3d, but were afterward transferred to the 29th. The 3d again enlisted for nine months and was reorganized at Lakeville, September, 1862, when it numbered 1,000 men. On October 26, it sailed for Beaufort, S. C., and took part in an expedition to Goldsboro, where it was in action on December 17, 1862. January and February, 1863, were spent at Camp Jourdan, near New Berne, N. C., and in March the regiment was engaged at Deep Gully, New Berne and Pollocksville. Going to the relief of Little Washington, April 5, several skirmishes ensued and the siege was raised. On its return the 3d reached Boston June 16, and was mustered out at Camp Joe Hooker on the 26th.

Fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Abner B. Packard, Henry Walker; Lieut. Colonels, Hawkes Fearing, Jr., Eben T. Colby; Majors, Horace O. Whittemore, Charles F. Howard. The 4th regiment, Mass. militia, responded to the call for three months' troops and reported at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where it was mustered into the U. S. service, April 22, 1861. It was employed in fortifying a camp at Newport News for the most part, but took part in an expedition against Big Bethel, where it was in an encounter with the enemy. On July 22, 1861, the 4th was mustered out, but in August, 1862, it again volunteered for duty and was mustered in for nine months at Lakeville, from September to December. The regiment embarked for Louisiana on January 3, 1863, and landed at Carrollton on the 13th. After some skirmishing at Fort Bisland, it participated in the siege of Port Hudson and after the surrender garrisoned the place until Aug 4th, when it started for home. It was mustered out at Lakeville. August 28, 1863.

Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel C. Lawrence, George H. Pierson; Lieut.-Colonels, J. Durell Greene, John T. Boyd, William E. C. Worcester; Majors, Hamlin W. Keyes, William E. C. Worcester, William T. Grammer. The 5th regiment, Mass. militia, volunteered for three months, and with the addition of one company from the 1st and four from the 7th militia, it reported for duty at Washington, where it was mustered into the U. S. service, May 1, 1861. It fought nobly in the battle of Bull Run and on July 21. 1861. was mustered out at Boston. The regiment volunteered again for the nine months' service and was reorganized at Wenham, in September and October, 1862, with 984 officers and men. It left Boston October 22 for New Berne, N. C., and from there moved to Washington, N. C., and Williamston. It took part in an expedition to Goldsboro and met the enemy in battles at Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro. On April 4, 1863, it went to the relief of Little Washington, but was obliged to return to New Berne. It was mustered out at Wenham, July 2, 1863. In July, 1864, the 5th again took the field in response to the call for troops for 100 days. It proceeded to Baltimore, garrisoned Fort Marshall, was detailed for guard duty at different places in Maryland during the elections, and was mustered out at Readville, November 16, 1864.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward F. Jones, Albert S. Follansbee; Lieut. Colonel, Melvin Beal; Majors, Benjamin F. Watson, Charles A. Stott, Thomas O. Allen. The 6th regiment, Mass. militia, offered its services in January, 1861, and when the call came in April was the first to arrive in Washington. Its passage through Baltimore is noted, where the bloodshed in an encounter with an angry mob was the first of the war. Four men were killed and 36 wounded. The term of service was from April 22 to August 2, 1861. The 6th was again the first regiment to volunteer under the call for troops for nine months, and was mustered in from August 31 to September 8, 1862, ten companies strong. All along the route to Washington it was enthusiastically welcomed, even Baltimore joining in the demonstrations. After several expeditions into the enemy's country the regiment was under fire for the first time in November, 1862, on the Blackwater river, Virginia. During the winter it was quartered near Suffolk and was there through the siege in April and May, 1863. It left Suffolk for Boston, May 26, 1863, and was mustered out at Lowell on June 3. From July 14 to 19, 1864, the 6th was again mustered into the U. S. service at Readville and was mustered out at the same place, October 27, 1864. It left for Washington a third time on July 20, 1864, and there performed garrison duty until the close of its term.

Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Darius N. Couch, Nelson H. Davis, Joseph H. Wheelock, David A. Russell, Thomas D. Johns; Lieut.-Colonels, Chester W. Greene, Charles Raymond, Franklin P. Harlow; Majors, David E. Holman, Franklin P. Harlow, Joseph B. Leonard. The 7th, composed mainly of Bristol county men, was mustered in for three years at Taunton, June 15, 1861, and was mustered out on June 27, 1864, when the recruits and reenlisted men were assigned to the 37th Mass. infantry. The regiment left for Washington July 11, 1861, and went into camp at Georgetown, where it remained till August 6. It next occupied Camp Brightwood until the following spring, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and left Brightwood in March. It was engaged in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and Glendale, and on August 16, 1862, started for Yorktown. From there it moved into Maryland, but returned to Virginia in time to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg. It wintered near Falmouth, Virginia, and left there for Chancellorsville, April 28, 1863. In that campaign it made a brilliant assault at Marye's heights and joined^ in the battle at Salem Church. Its next battle was Gettysburg and it participated in the marches of the Army of the Potomac all summer and the Mine Run expedition in the early winter. From December 2, 1863, to February 27, 1864, the regiment was encamped at Brandy Station. On the latter date it left camp to support a cavalry movement, which march proved a very difficult one, owing to a severe storm. It returned in a few days to camp and there remained till May 3, when it started south and was soon in the thick of battle at the Wilderness. The 7th's final engagement was at Cold Harbor, the term of service expiring soon after. Its greeting on its return home showed the high value placed on its services to the Union.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Timothy Munroe, Frederick J. Coffin, Benjamin F. Peach; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward W. Hinks, James Hudson, Jr., Christopher T. Hanley; Majors, Andrew Elwell, Israel W. Wallis, David W. Low. The 8th Mass militia, with a company from the 7th militia and one from the 10th regiment, volunteered for three months and left the state for Washington, April 18, 1861, its total strength being 705 men. On April 30, it was mustered into the U. S. service at Washington and August 1 it was mustered out at Boston. At Wenham, from September 15 to Oct . 30, 1862, the 8th militia was reorganized and mustered in for nine months. It arrived at New Berne, N. C., November 30, encamped there and at Fort Totten, and sent out details on various duties. Late in May, 1863, it was ordered to Fort Thompson but returned to New Berne on June 12. Orders for muster out came in June, but on account of threatened danger to Baltimore the 8th was ordered there and was not mustered out till August 7, 1863. It again took the field in July, 1864, for 100 days, when it was organized at Readville and proceeded at once to Baltimore. Details performed guard duty at Baltimore and in that vicinity until the regiment was mustered out on November 10, 1864, after its return to Massachusetts.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas Cass, Patrick R. Guiney; Lieut. Colonels, Cromwell G. Rowell, Robert Peard, Patrick R. Guiney, Patrick T. Hanley; Majors, Robert Peard, Patrick R. Guiney, Patrick T. Hanley, George W. Dutton, John W. Mahan. The 9th was made up of Irishmen and was mustered in for three years at Boston, June 11, 1861. It was mustered out on Boston Common, June 21, 1864, the recruits and reenlisted men being then transferred to the 32nd Mass. infantry. Before it left Boston, the regiment was presented by the Irish citizens of the city with a national flag and also a beautiful Irish banner. It left Boston on June 25 for Washington, in which vicinity it remained till the following March, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac for the Peninsular campaign. At the battle of Hanover Court House the 9th made a gallant assault and it lost heavily at Gaines' mill, where their brave leader, Colonel Cass, was mortally wounded. It also suffered severely at Malvern hill. The regiment was in reserve at Antietam, the second Bull Run and Fredericksburg, and was engaged in skirmishing at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. It joined in the pursuit of Lee to Williamsport and in the different movements of the Army of the Potomac, including the battles at Rappahannock Station and the Mine Run campaign, after which it went into winter quarters at Bealeton, Virginia, until April 30, 1864, when it broke camp and May 4 found it at the Wilderness tavern. The following day it made a brave advance, fighting fiercely, and its record is a proud one in the engagements ensuing at Laurel hill, North Anna river, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor. Massachusetts may well be proud of her Irish volunteers.

Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry S. Briggs, Henry L. Eustis; Lieut. Colonels, Jefford M. Decker, Joseph B. Parsons; Majors, William R. Marsh, Ozro Miller, Dexter F. Parker. The 10th was from the western part of the state and was mustered in for three years at Springfield, June 21, 1861. It was mainly composed of the 10th militia, reorganized. Co. A came from Great Barrington; Co. B, from Adams; Co. C, Northampton; Co. D, Pittsfield; Co. F, Springfield; Co. G, Greenfield; Co. H, Shelburne Falls, and Co. K, Westfield. At Springfield the women of 'the city presented it with beautiful flags, both state and national, a greatly appreciated honor. The regiment sailed from Boston, July 25, for Washington, and reached there on the 28th. The winter was spent at Camp Brightwood and in March, 1862, the 10th proceeded to Newport News, thence toward Yorktown, the latter march being one of great hardship. Fair Oaks was their first sharp battle and the severe test was gallantly met. The battles of Gaines' mill, New Market road and Malvern hill soon followed and the 10th became seasoned veterans. It was hurried to Antietam, but arrived too late for the battle. It then joined in the Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville campaigns and was held in reserve at Gettysburg. In November, 1863, it joined the Mine Run expedition and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, Virginia, where it remained till May 4, 1864. Its next pitched battle was that of the Wilderness and it also participated in the battle at Spottsylvania Court House, fighting for 24 hours at the "bloody angle" without rest . The losses in this campaign were terrible, yet undaunted it joined in the battle of Cold Harbor and was not relieved till June 19, when the recruits and reenlisted men were assigned to the 37th Mass. infantry and the original members were mustered out July 1-6, 1864, at Springfield.

Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, George Clark, Jr., William Blaisdell, Thomas H. Dunham; Lieut.-Colonels, William Blaisdell, George F. Tileston, Porter D. Tripp, Charles C. Rivers, Thomas H. Dunham, James F. Mansfield; Majors, George F. Tileston, Porter D. Tripp, Charles C. Rivers, Richard T. Lombard, James W. McDonald, Thomas H. Dunham, James F. Mansfield, Frank McQuade. The 11th infantry, the third Massachusetts regiment to enlist for three years, was composed mainly of Boston men and was called the Boston volunteers. It was mustered in at Fort Warren, June 13, 1861, and was mustered out June 12, 1864. The recruits and reenlisted men were made a battalion of five companies, to which a company of men, enlisted for one year, was added and the battalion, known as the 11th regiment, was mustered out on July 14, 1865, at Readville. The total strength was 1,316 members. On June 27, 1861, the regiment left the state for Washington, where it arrived on July 3. At the first battle of Bull Run, the 11th suffered a baptism of fire which it nobly withstood. It took part in the siege of Yorktown, and was later engaged at Williamsburg, Oak Grove, Malvern hill and Bristoe Station. In the second battle of Bull Run it drove the enemy from behind a railroad embankment, where they were very strongly intrenched. The 11th was held in reserve at Fredericksburg, but was in action at Chancellorsville, on which occasion it was complimented by General Hancock. At Gettysburg it suffered heavily and after that battle was again ordered into Virginia, where it participated in the Mine Run expedition. The remainder of the winter was spent at Brandy Station, which place was left on May 3, 1864, for the Wilderness. Here the regiment was in action and also in the bitter contest at the "bloody angle" at Spottsylvania, where its work was very brilliant. It then followed the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac and after the battle of Cold Harbor became a battalion, which continued in the same command, being joined by two companies from the 16th Mass. infantry. Next, near Petersburg, it was in several engagements with the enemy, and in February, 1865, it joined the expedition to Hatcher's run, where it finished its active service.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, Fletcher Webster, James L. Bates; Lieut. Colonels, Timothy M. Bryan, Jr., David Allen, Jr., Benjamin F. Cook; Majors, Elisha M. Burbank, Daniel G. Handy, Benjamin F. Cook, Edward P. Reed. The 12th, recruited at Boston, was mustered in for three years from June 26 to July 11, 1861, at Fort Warren, and was mustered out on Boston Common, July 8, 1864. Co. A was composed of the Felton Guards; Co. B, Dehon Guards; Co. D, Latin School Guards; Co. E, Emerson Guards; and Co. K, Dale Guards. The regiment numbered '.575 men and its loss by death from wounds was 179. It received its colors from the women of Boston and left the state July 23, arriving at Sandy Hook, Maryland, on the 27th. In camp at Hyattstown and on guard duty along the Potomac, the summer passed. and the regiment went into winter quarters at Camp Hicks, near Frederick, Maryland. The first battle in which it took part was the battle of Cedar mountain. At Antietam the killed, wounded and missing numbered 283, which, following on a loss of 138 at the second Bull Run, where Colonel Webster was fatally wounded, was well-nigh discouraging. Shortly after Antietam, at a review, the 12th showed only 119 men. It was with the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville and its conduct was always brave and reliable. Again in the thick of the fight at Gettysburg, the loss was heavy. It then moved to Virginia with the Army of the Potomac, and was in the Mine Run campaign. During the winter it was shifted about and obtained but little relief, yet it marched bravely into the battle of the Wilderness. Through the remainder of its term of service, which expired while it was before Petersburg, it was repeatedly engaged and its endurance was severely tried. In July it was ordered home and mustered out, the recruits and reenlisted men being transferred to the 39th infantry. Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel H. Leonard; Lieut.-Colonels, N. Walter Batchelder, Charles H. Hovey; Majors, Jacob Parker Gould, Elliott C. Pierce. The 13th was mustered into the U. S. service at Fort Independence, July 16, 1861, and was mustered out at Boston, August 1, 1864. It numbered 1,411 men, and its loss by death from wounds was 102. Co. A was made up of the Boston City Guard; Co. G, Grey Eagles; Co. H, Mechanic Riflemen, and Co. K, Westboro Rifles. The 4th battalion of rifles, Mass. militia formed a large part of the regiment, which left the state July 30, 1861, for Hagerstown, Maryland, and from there was ordered to Sharpsburg. Various posts along the upper Potomac were held during the autumn and winter, and in the second battle of Bull Run the regiment suffered its first heavy losses. Its next engagement was Antietam, after which it was with the Army of the Potomac on its march south and at Fredericksburg, where the 13th was on the skirmish line. It took part in the Chancellorsville campaign and at Gettysburg made a gallant charge, in which it met with great loss. After the Mine Run campaign the regiment established winter quarters at Mitchell's station, which it occupied till April 26, 1864, when it rejoined the army and took part in the Wilderness campaign. At the Wilderness the position of the 13th was not especially exposed but, at Spottsylvania, May 8, it was in the front of the fight. During the remainder of the campaign it was in the engagements at North Anna river, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor, generally on the skirmish line, and was occupied in siege duties at Petersburg when its term of service expired. The recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 39th Mass. infantry.

Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, William B. Greene; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel C. Oliver; Major, Levi P. Wright. The 14th, composed of Essex county men, was mustered in at Fort Warren, July 5, 1861, and was ordered to Washington. After serving in the defenses of Washington for the remainder of the year, it became on January 1, 1862, the 1st regiment Mass. heavy artillery, under which name its history will appear. Co. A was composed of the Heard Guards of Ipswich; Co. B came from Methuen; Co. C, Mechanic Phalanx of Lynn; Co. D, Essex Cadets; Co. E. from Amesbury; Co. F, Scott Guards; Co. G, from Marblehead; Co. H, Andover Light Infantry; Co. I, Putnam Guards of Danvers, and Co. K, Lawrence City Guards. Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles Devens, Jr., George H. Ward, George C. Joslin; Lieut.-Colonels, George H. Ward, John W. Kimball, Chase Philbrick, George C. Joslin, I. Harris Hooper; Majors, John W. Kimball, Chase Philbrick, George C. Joslin, I. Harris Hooper, Lyman H. Ellingwood, Walter Gale. The 15th was organized at Worcester to serve for three years; was mustered in during the month of July, 1861, and mustered out at Worcester, July 28, 1864, when the recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 20th infantry. The 15th numbered 1, 521 men and its loss by death from wounds was 116. Co. A was composed of Leominster men; Co. B, Fitchburg Fusileers; Co. C, Clinton Light Guard; Co. D, from Worcester; Co. E, DeWitt Guards of Oxford; Co. F, from Brookfield; Co. G, from Grafton; Co. I, Slater Guards of Webster, and Co. K was from Blackstone. The regiment contained three companies of State militia. In Worcester, the women of the city presented the regiment with its standard and it left for Washington August 8, 1861. At Ball's bluff its losses were severe, but the men earned the praise of their general. The regiment joined in the campaign on the Peninsula and fought at Antietam and Fredericksburg. At Antietam the brigade to which the 15th was attached engaged a much superior force and was almost cut to pieces. It was more fortunate at Fredericksburg and was not in an especially exposed position at Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg it became the victim of a sad error. While engaged in resisting a fierce attack of the enemy, the Union batteries fired through them from the rear. Here the brave Colonel Ward fell, mortally wounded. Next followed the southward march of the Army of the Potomac, the Mine Run campaign late in the autumn, and the regiment finally went into camp near Stevensburg, Virginia, until May, 1864. At the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor the 15th played its part bravely, and by the end of June had lost all of its officers and so many of its men that for the rest of its term it was attached to the 20th Mass. infantry. Its record is that of the severest duties nobly performed.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Powell T. Wyman, Thomas R. Tannatt, Gardner Banks; Lieut.-Colonels, George A. Meacham, Daniel S. Lamson, Gardner Banks, Waldo Merriam, Samuel W. Richardson; Majors, Daniel S. Lamson, Waldo Merriam, Samuel W. Richardson, Matthew Donovan. The 16th was mustered in for three years at Camp Cameron, North Cambridge, from June 29 to August 1, 1861, and was mustered out on July 27, 1864, the reenlisted men and recruits being then transferred to the 11th battalion. The regiment was composed mainly of men from Middlesex county. Co. A, was the Cambridge City Guard; Co. B, the Winthrop Guard from Holliston; Co. C, the Union Guard; Co. D, the Hill Cadets from Lowell; Co. E, the Wiley Light Infantry; Co. G, the Butler Rifles; Co. I, the Newton Guards, and Co. K, the Watertown Volunteers. The 16th left the state on August 17, 1861, and was ordered to Camp Hamilton near Hampton, Virginia, where it remained during the winter of 1861-62. In May, 1862, it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and moved to Suffolk, where it fought its first battle. Its records show participation in the battles at Fair Oaks, Glendale, Malvern hill, Kettle run and Chantilly, but it was ordered to Washington at the time of the battle of Antietam. The year's work closed with the battle of Fredericksburg. At Gettysburg the losses were very heavy. Then, with the Army of the Potomac, the regiment marched southward; participated in the Mine Run campaign; went into winter quarters at Brandy Station; continued with the same branch of the army through the next spring and early summer and fought in all the battles of its renowned campaigns. Out of a total strength of 1,220 men, 211 were killed or died of wounds.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas J. C. Amory, John F. Fellows, Henry Splaine; Lieut-Colonels, John F. Fellows, Henry Splaine; William W. Smith; Majors, Jones Frankle, Luther Day, Henry Splaine, William W. Smith, John E. Mullaly. The 17th was mustered in at Lynnfield, July 21 and 22, 1861, and was mustered out on August 3, 1864, when the reenlisted men and recruits were formed into a battalion of three companies, which continued the same name and were reinforced by the addition of several companies from the 2d Mass. heavy artillery. The battalion was mustered out July 11, 1865. The 17th originally was composed of eight companies from Essex county, one from Middlesex and one from Suffolk. Co. A was made up of the Newburyport City Grays; Co. B, the Foster Guards; Co. C, the Danvers Light Infantry; Co. D, the Wallace Guards; Cos. E and F, from Haverhill; Co. G, the Kimball Guard; Co. H, the British Volunteers of Boston; Co. I, the Saunders Guard, and Co. K, the Maiden Light Infantry. The total strength was 1,411 men when the regiment left the state for Baltimore on August 23, 1861. It spent the winter near Baltimore, with the exception of an expedition into Virginia, and in the spring of 1862 was ordered to New Berne, N. C. It took part in an expedition to Goldsboro and met the Confederates at Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro. From December 22, 1862, to July 25, 1863, the headquarters were at New Berne, with several minor expeditions. On July 25 it embarked in support of a cavalry raid on Weldon, but returned to duty again at or near New Berne. In February, 1864, a detail of the regiment had a sharp brush with the enemy at Batchelder's creek, and in April another detachment was sent to the relief of Little Washington. The battalion spent the winter of 1864-65 near Beaufort, moved to Goldsboro in March, encountering the enemy along the route,' and closed its term of service in July, 1865.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, James Barnes, Joseph Hayes; Lieut. Colonels, Timothy Ingraham, Joseph Hayes, Stephen Thomas, William B. White, Fisher A. Baker; Majors, Joseph Hayes, Stephen Thomas, William B. White, Thomas Weston, Luther S. Bent. The 18th, composed mainly of men from Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth counties, was mustered into the U. S. service from August, 1861, to January, 1862, and was mustered out on September 2, 1864, when the recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 32d infantry. The original regiment numbered 1,152 men, of whom 247 were killed or died from wounds, disease or in prison. The regiment arrived in Washington on September 1, 1861, and spent the winter in camp near Hall's hill. It took part in the siege of Yorktown, the second battle of Bull Run, and the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg. At the last engagement it made a gallant charge and left its dead lying close to the enemy's works. The winter was uneventful, except for the famous "Mud March," and the next spring found the 18th at the battle of Chancellorsville, where its most important duty was after the action in forming a rear-guard for the retreating army. On June 14, 1863, it started north, arrived at Gettysburg on the second day of the battle, and was assigned to a position near Little Round Top. From Gettysburg it moved south again with the Army of the Potomac, was engaged at Rappahannock Station and in the Mine Run movement, and went into camp on Dec . 3, 1863, at Beverly ford. Early in May, 1864, the regiment broke camp and marched to Wilderness tavern, where it took part in the battle which followed and in the rest of the engagements of the Army of the Potomac until mustered out.

Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward W. Hinks, Arthur F. Devereux, Ansel D. Wass, Edmund Rice; Lieut.-Colonels, Arthur F. Devereux, Ansel D. Wass, Edmund Rice, Morcena Dunn; Majors, Henry J. Howe, Ansel D. Wass, Edmund Rice, Morcena Dunn, Isaac H. Boyd, William L. Palmer. The 19th was mustered in for three years at Lynnfield, in August, 1861, and was mustered out June 30, 1865, so large a number of its members having reenlisted that the organization was maintained. The regiment contained three companies of the 1st battalion of rifles, the Tiger fire zouaves of Boston, four other Boston companies, one from Lowell and one from Maiden, and numbered 1,892 members. It lost by death from wounds 163, and 104 died from disease or imprisonment . It arrived in Washington on August 30, 1861, and was assigned to picket duty on the upper Potomac. Its first engagement was at Ball's bluff, after which it joined the preceding Mass. regiments in the Army of the Potomac . Engagements followed at Yorktown, Oak Grove, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, White Oak swamp and Glendale. At Antietam its division was nearly surrounded but the 19th valiantly fought its way back with the 1st Minn. When the army attempted to cross the river before Fredericksburg, the 19th Mass. was one of the regiments that crossed the river in open boats and drove out the Confederate sharpshooters, who were blocking the approach. After this battle it was encamped at Falmouth during the winter of 1862-63 and participated in the Chancellorsville campaign the following spring. At Gettysburg the regiment, in a hand to hand fight, captured 4 flags. It next went south with the Army of the Potomac, took part in its operations of the autumn, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station, Virginia, until May 3d, 1864, when it began the advance with the army and was in action at the Wilderness. On May 10 it made two brilliant but unsuccessful charges and later joined in the successful assault on the "Angle" at Spottsylvania. At Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom and along the Weldon railroad the regiment was repeatedly engaged, and while quartered for the winter of 1864-65 at Fort Emory, on the Vaughan road, several engagements ensued in that vicinity. It took part in the grand review at Washington, the end of a long and honorable service.

Twentieth Infantry.—Colonels, William R. Lee, Francis W. Palfrey, Paul J. Revere, George N. Macy; Lieut.-Colonels, Francis W. Palfrey, Ferdinand Dreher, George N. Macy, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Arthur R. Curtis, Rufus P. Lincoln; Majors, Paul J. Revere, Ferdinand Dreher, George N. Macy, Allen Shepard, Henry L. Abbott, Arthur R. Curtis, Henry L. Patten, William F. Perkins, John Keliher, Mason W. Tyler. This regiment was mustered into the U. S. service at Readville in July and August, 1861, and was mustered out at Washington July 15, 1865. The total strength of the regiment was 2,550 and its death losses numbered 177, 352. It left the state for Washington, September 4, 1861, and was encamped near Edwards' ferry until the battle of Ball's bluff, its first engagement . During the next summer the regiment saw much hard service. It was in action before Yorktown, at West Point, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale and Malvern hill. At Antietam its losses were heavy, and before Fredericksburg it helped to clear the way for the passage of the army across the river. On January 25, 1863, it went into camp at Falmouth and remained there till the beginning of Chancellorsville movement. The next important battle was Gettysburg and then followed an encounter at Bristoe Station, Virginia, and the Mine Run campaign, with winter quarters at Stevensburg. On May 3, 1864, it left camp with the rest of the army for the Wilderness battle-field, where it was again in action, followed by the many engagements of that spring, the campaign culminating in the battle of Cold Harbor. The repeated losses had left but few of the regiment in active service, and at Reams' station, August 25, the remaining men were nearly all captured. Reinforcements and recruits enabled the regiment to keep its organization, however, and after several sharp encounters near Hatcher's run it went into winter quarters near Fort Emory. The year of 1865 was not so disastrous as the preceding and, though it encountered the enemy at several places near Petersburg, the losses were not great. After participating in the grand review at Washington the regiment was ordered home, having for four years performed most important services for the Union.

Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Augustus Morse, William S. Clark; Lieut-Colonels, Albert C. Maggi, William S. Clark, Joseph P. Rice, Theodore S. Foster, George P. Hawkes, Henry H. Richardson, Solomon Hovey, Jr.; Majors, William S. Clark, Joseph P. Rice, Theodore S. Foster, George P. Hawkes, Henry H. Richardson, Solomon Hovey, Jr. This regiment was mustered into the U. S. service for three years at Worcester from July 23 to August 19, 1861, and was mustered out in August, 1864, the recruits and reenlisted men being then transferred to the 36th Mass. infantry. The total number of members was 989, of whom 138 were killed or died of wounds. A beautiful flag was presented to the regiment by the women of Worcester and on August 23, 1861, the regiment left for the front. It was soon ordered to North Carolina and fought in the battles of Roanoke Island, New Berne and Camden. On July 6, 1862, it moved to Fortress Monroe and went into camp at Newport News. At the second battle of Bull Run it escaped with only slight loss but at Chantilly in an encounter with the enemy in a thick wood, and later in resisting a charge, it suffered severely. At South mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg it had its share of fighting, after which it went into camp at Falmouth and remained there till February 9, 1863, when it proceeded to Baltimore, via Newport News, thence to Cincinnati, Covington, Kentucky, and Mount Sterling. The last place it garrisoned till July, when the news of Morgan's raid took it to Lexington. After two months spent at Camp Nelson it marched 185 miles to Knoxville, Tenn. It met the enemy at Blue springs but exposure more than fighting formed the hardship of that autumn. Constantly on the march, barefooted, with insufficient food and no tents, its lot was not enviable. In the siege of Knoxville the regiment was constantly on duty, and pursued the Confederates after the siege, repeating its experience of marching in the cold without sufficient food and clothing. Nevertheless at this trying time nearly all the members reenlisted for three years. Such was the devotion of the 21st to the Union cause. February, 1864, was spent in Massachusetts on furlough and the next active duty was in the Wilderness campaign. At the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Bethesda Church the regiment was in action and the rest of the term was spent at Petersburg. Twenty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Henry Wilson, Jesse A. Gove, Charles E. Griswold, William S. Tilton; Lieut-Colonels, Charles E. Griswold, William S. Tilton, Thomas Sherwin, Jr.; Majors, Charles E. Griswold, William S. Tilton, Thomas Sherwin, jr., Mason W. Burt. The 22nd was mustered in at Lynnfield for three years from August 10 to October 1, 1861, and mustered out October 20, 1864, when the reenlisted men and recruits were transferred to the 32nd Mass. infantry. The regiment had 1,438 members, of whom 218 were killed or died of wounds and 94 died from disease or imprisonment. It reached Washington on October 11, '61, and went into camp at Hall's hill for the winter. The next spring it took part in the siege of Yorktown and after its close embarked for West Point, Virginia, thence to White House Landing and encamped there for a few days. Its next camp was at Gaines' mill, from which point an expedition was made which resulted in the action at Hanover Court House. The battle of Gaines' mill followed, in which Colonel Gove was killed. On September 1, 1862, the regiment was once more at Hall's hill, its previous camp, but not more than one-fifth of the men returned. At Antietam and Fredericksburg it escaped with few losses, and from Fredericksburg to the Chancellorsville movement in the spring of 1863, it was in camp near Stoneman's switch, from which place several expeditions were made, one the famous "Mud March." On the march toward Chancellorsville the 22nd aided in the capture of the fords of the Rapidan. It was in action at Gettysburg and Rappahannock Station, took part in the Mine Run campaign and camped for the rest of the winter near Rappahannock Station. The regiment had an important share in the work of the Army of the Potomac during the rest of its service, as is shown by its participation in the battles of the Wilderness, Laurel hill, Spottsylvania, Jericho ford, Little river, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church and Shady Grove Church and the siege of Petersburg. In the words of Brigadier-General Griffin to the 22nd: "You leave the army with an enviable record, and with the regrets of your comrades at parting with you."

Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonels, John Kurtz, Andrew Elwell, John W. Raymond; Lieut.-Colonels, John Kurtz, Henry Merritt, Andrew Elwell, John G. Chambers, John W. Raymond, Henry T. Woodbury; Majors, Henry Merritt, Andrew Elwell, John G. Chambers, Ethan A. P. Brewster, Daniel W. Hammond. This regiment was mustered in at Lynnfield for three years from September 28 to October 24, 1861, and was mustered out on September 28, 1864, the reenlisted men and recruits continuing in service under the same regimental name until mustered out at New Berne, N. C., June 25, 1865. The total strength was 1,393. Co. C came from Gloucester; Co. D, New Bedford; Co. E was made up of Davis Guards; Co. F, from Salem, and Co. G, Beverly. The 23d started on November 11 for Annapolis and joined the "Burnside expedition." The first expedition was against Roanoke island in February, 1862, and was a success. Then followed the movement to New Berne, and several engagements in that vicinity. The Goldsboro expedition in December was next undertaken, in which the enemy was encountered at Southwest creek, Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, where the railroad bridge was burned and parts of the Wilmington railroad destroyed, the main objects of the expedition. It next moved to Carolina City, thence to Hilton Head, and went into camp at St. Helena island, where it remained until April 3, 1863, when it embarked, expecting to go to Charleston, but was sent back to Hilton Head. Finally, however, it was ordered to the relief of Little Washington and arrived at New Berne after the siege was raised. The winter of 1863-64 was spent at Fortress Monroe and Portsmouth, Virginia. On April 13 an expedition was commenced which took the 23d up the James river to Smithfield. On April 26th it was sent to Yorktown and engaged the enemy at Port Walthall Junction, Heckman's farm and Arrowfield Church. At the battle of Drewry's bluff the losses were heavy and the army fell back to Bermuda Hundred. At Cold Harbor the regiment again lost a sad number but its advance in the face of the enemy's fire was most gallant. From this time till late in August of the same year the regiment was on duty before Petersburg, but was then ordered to New Berne, where it remained until March 3, 1865. At New Berne it suffered from yellow fever which caused great mortality. In March the regiment moved to Kinston, in which vicinity it engaged the enemy several times and finally routed them. This closed its active service, of every part of which they might justly be proud, and for which they received well-earned praise.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas G. Stevenson, Francis A. Osborn, Charles H. Hooper, Albert Ordway; Lieut.-Colonels, Francis A. Osborn, Robert H. Stevenson, Charles H. Hooper, Albert Ordway, Thomas F. Edmands; Majors, Robert H. Stevenson, Charles H. Hooper, Edward C. Richardson, Albert Ordway, Thomas F. Edmands, Davis Foster. The 24th, of which the nucleus was the 4th battalion, state militia, was mustered in at Readville for three years during the autumn of 1861, and was mustered out at Richmond, Virginia, January 20, 1866, the reenlisted men and recruits being sufficient in number to keep up the regimental organization until that time. The total strength was 1,438. It left the state for Annapolis, December 9, 1861, joined the "Burnside expedition," took part in the expedition to Roanoke island and the battles at New Berne, Kinston and Goldsboro, as well as some minor engagements. Late in January, 1863, it embarked for St. Helena island and remained there till March 27, when it proceeded to Seabrook's island, Edisto inlet, S. C., where it was stationed till July 6. At James island the enemy was encountered on the 10th and then followed the siege of Fort Wagner, where important duties were assigned to the regiment, one the capture of some rifle-pits in a very exposed position. Malaria and other diseases resulting from the enervating climate had by this time told so severely on the men that after the siege the medical inspector recommended they be sent to a better climate and in consequence the regiment was ordered to St. Augustine, Florida From February 18 to May 1, 1864, the 24th was stationed at Jacksonville. On May 6 it landed at Bermuda Hundred and soon after participated in engagements at Drewry’s bluff, along the Richmond & Petersburg railroad and at Deep Bottom. From December 16, 1864, to April 8, 1865, the regiment garrisoned Bermuda Hundred and was next ordered to Richmond, where it guarded the military prisons until the end of its term of service. It was the last save one of the Massachusetts regiments to be mustered out.

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Edwin Upton, Josiah Pickett, James Tucker; Lieut.-Colonels, _ Augustus B. R. Sprague, Orson Moulton, James Tucker, Samuel Harrington; Majors, Matthew J. McCafferty, Josiah Pickett, Cornelius G. Atwood, John W. Davis. This regiment, composed mainly of Worcester county men, was mustered in at Worcester for three years in the fall of 1861, and was mustered out at Worcester, October 20, 1864, when the recruits and reenlisted men were formed into a battalion of four companies, which was mustered out at Readville, July 28, 1865. The total strength of the command was 1,519, of whom 126 died from wounds and 169 from disease or imprisonment. Co. A was made up of Worcester men; Co. B, from Milford; Cos D, E and G, from Worcester and Co. F, from Fitchburg. In spite of the large number of deaths due to disease (126) the adjutant-general reports, in 1865, only 268 discharged for disability and only 13 deserters. The regiment was honored by the women of Worcester with a flag and left there October 31 for Annapolis. With the two preceding regiments it joined the "Burnside expedition" into North Carolina, reached Roanoke island early in February, 1862, after severe storms, and remained there till March 6. In March the battle of New Berne was fought, after which the regiment remained on duty in the city till May 9, when it was ordered to Red house. Headquarters remained at New Berne during the summer and autumn, and expeditions were made to Trenton, Plymouth and Tarboro. In December the regiment joined in the Goldsboro expedition, which fought the battles of Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro. The year 1863 was spent at New Berne, with several excursions into the surrounding country, and it was not until December that the troops were sent to Newport News and in January, 1864, to Yorktown, Virginia. The next camps were at Williamsburg and Getty's station and the last of April found the regiment at Yorktown. On May 4, 1864, the 25th embarked for Bermuda Hundred and after its arrival there participated in the battles at Port Walthall Junction, Arrowfield Church and Drewry's bluff. At Cold Harbor it made a heroic charge and was able to hold the ground thus gained. On June 13 it moved to Petersburg and was occupied there until September 4, when orders came to return to New Berne. Here it remained till March 3, 1865, when it was ordered to Kinston and encountered the enemy on the 10th at Wise's forks. On March 22, it left Kinston for Goldsboro, then moved to Mosely hall, thence to Goldsboro, then to Raleigh and Charlotte, remaining in camp at the last place till orders came for muster out.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward F. Jones, Alpha B. Farr, William H. Chapman; Lieut.-Colonels, Alpha B. Farr, Josiah A. Sawtell, William H. Chapman, John S. Cooke; Majors, Josiah A. Sawtell, Eusebius S. Clark, William H. Chapman, Seth Bonney. This regiment contained a large number of the members of the 6th militia regiment, and was mustered in for three years at Lowell from August 28 to October 18, 1861. A larger number of its members reenlisted than of any other Massachusetts regiment and it' was not mustered out till August 28, 1865, at Savannah, Georgia. It numbered 1,489 men and lost 64 by death from wounds and 171 from disease or imprisonment. It left Lowell on November 19, 1861, and arrived at Ship island, Miss., on December 3. Here it encamped for the winter and on April 15, 1862, started for New Orleans. It garrisoned the quarantine station, Forts St. Philip and Jackson till July, when it proceeded to New Orleans, which was headquarters until June 20, 1863. It was then assigned to the Department of the Gulf and moved to La Fourche crossing and repulsed the enemy there, but was obliged to fall back to Jefferson Station, a more tenable position. Expeditions in the neighborhood of New Orleans followed and December found the regiment encamped at New Iberia. January, 1864, was spent at Franklin and then the regiment, except the veterans sent home on furlough, encamped at Carrollton, near New Orleans, till June. An expedition to Morganza was undertaken in June, after which the 26th, with other regiments, was ordered to Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, where it arrived on July 21. It joined in the strategic movements preceding the battle of Winchester and participated in that battle and those of Cedar creek and Fisher's hill. It was stationed for a short time at Washington and then ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where it remained till mustered out.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Horace C . Lee, Walter G. Bartholomew; Lieut.-Colonels, Luke Lyman, Walter G. Bartholomew, Joseph H. Nutting, William M. Brown; Majors, William M. Brown, Walter G. Bartholomew, William A. Walker, John W. Moore, Joseph H. Nutting, William McKay. The 27th was composed of men from the four western counties and was mustered in at Springfield from September 19 to 27, 1861, for three years. The original members, not reenlisted, were mustered out at Springfield, September 29, 1864, and the reenlisted men and recruits remained in the service under the same name till mustered out at New Berne, N. C., June 26, 1865. The total strength was 1,629 and the loss by death from wounds 118, from disease or imprisonment 267. The regiment left the state on November 2, 1861, and after more than a month at Annapolis joined the "Burnside expedition" to North Carolina. It took part in the battles at Roanoke island and New Berne and in December joined in the Goldsboro expedition. In April, 1863, it aided in the siege of Washington. After the return to New Berne an expedition to Gum swamp was undertaken and in an engagement there a number of prisoners were captured. New Berne was the regiment's headquarters until October 10, 1863, when it was ordered to Newport News and was for a time occupied with routine duties at Norfolk and Portsmouth. In April, 1864, as part of the Army of the James it embarked for Yorktown, thence to Williamsburg, Fortress Monroe and Bermuda Hundred, where it landed and marched to Cobb's hill. The battles of Dunn's farm and Port Walthall Junction followed and during one day the regiment had 5 wounded, while 50 were disabled by sunstroke. At Arrowfield Church the 27th was engaged and at Drewry's bluff, after a brave defense of their position. was surrounded and a large number captured, of whom 120 died in prison. The number of killed and wounded was also large on this disastrous day. On May 26 the regiment was transferred to the Army of the Potomac and fought at Cold Harbor. It was next ordered to Petersburg and the assault on June 18 left but few of the regiment, with no officer to lead them. The next day the remnant of it was relieved but, after a very short rest returned to active duty before Petersburg, which was the last service of those who had not reenlisted. The reenlisted men and recruits maintained the organization, which was sent to Beaufort, N. C., encamped at Carolina City, thence to Beaufort, Plymouth and Jamestown, where the enemy's skirmishers were encountered. The Confederates disputed the possession of the bridge at Foster's mills, but after the 27th crossed retreated and the regiment pushed forward and captured a Confederate force at Butler's bridge. It returned in January, 1865, to New Berne and was assigned to duty at Red house and Rocky run. On March 8, it was attacked at Southwest creek, where the whole brigade, with a few exceptions, was captured, after resisting for an hour, Hoke's entire division of 8,000 men. The captives were taken to Richmond, paroled and then furloughed. The few who escaped, reinforced by recruits and convalescents, were assigned to guard duty at New Berne until mustered out. This closes the history of a regiment, whose services, if particularly unfortunate, were of great importance to the Union cause.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William Monteith, Richard Byrnes, George W. Cartwright; Lieut.-Colonels, Maclelland Moore, George W. Cartwright, Jeremiah W. Coveney, James Fleming; Majors, George W. Cartwright, Andrew P. Caraher, Andrew J. Lawler, Jeremiah W. Coveney. James Fleming. The 28th was the second Irish regiment organized in Massachusetts and was mustered in for three years at Camp Cameron, Cambridge, from October 8, 1861, to the end of the year. The original members, not reenlisted, were mustered out at Boston, December 13, 1864, when the recruits and reenlisted men were formed into a battalion of five companies, which remained in service under the same name until mustered out at Washington on June 30, 1865. The regiment numbered 1,834 men, of whom 214 were killed or died of wounds, 86 died from disease and 47 from imprisonment. It left the state, January 11, 1862, and was stationed at Fort Columbus, New York harbor, until February 14, when it embarked for Hilton Head, S. C. It was assigned to General T. W. Sherman's expeditionary corps and details performed varied services until June 1, when the whole command arrived at James Island and made an attack on Fort Johnson near Secessionville. Early in July it was transferred to the Army of the Potomac and set out for Fortress Monroe on the 12th. The battles of the second Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain and Antietam followed in rapid succession, after which the 28th enjoyed a short rest near Harper's Ferry. November 19, 1862, found it at Fredericksburg, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 2nd corps, known as the Irish brigade, commanded by General Meagher. At the battle of Fredericksburg, during a gallant advance, the regiment was nearly cut in two by the enemy's fire. From December 15, 1862, to April 27, 1863, it was on picket duty along the Rappahannock and then moved to Chancellorsville, which was its next battle. After heavy losses at Gettysburg the 28th followed the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac southward, being engaged at Bristoe Station, in the Mine Run campaign and went into winter quarters at Stevensburg. On May 3, 1864, the regiment broke camp and marched through Chancellorsville to the Wilderness, where it took part in the battle. It was subsequently engaged at the Po river, Spottsylvania, where its loss was heavy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom and Reams' station. On the last occasion it was publicly commended by Brigadier-General Nelson A. Miles. The remainder of the year was spent in routine duties and at its close the regiment was mustered out . The 28th battalion, Mass. infantry, after an uneventful winter, was engaged at Fort Stedman, and on the Southside railroad near Sutherland Station. Following the surrender of the Confederate army at Appomattox the battalion moved to Alexandria, participated in the grand review of the Union army at Washington and returned to Massachusetts to receive an enthusiastic welcome.

Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Ebenezer W. Pierce, Thomas W. Clarke; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph H. Barnes, Willard D. Tripp, Charles D. Browne; Majors, Charles Chipman, Charles T. Richardson, John M. Deane. This regiment was formed by the addition of three new companies, Dec . 13, 1861, to January 13, 1862, to the seven companies called the 1st battalion, Mass. infantry, which was among the first three years' troops to leave the state and reinforced the 3d and 4th regiments. It was mustered out at Tenallytown, Maryland, July 29, 1865. The total membership was 919, of whom 30 were killed or died of wounds and 31 died of disease. The regiment was posted at Newport News until May 10, 1862, when it embarked for Ocean View and marched to Norfolk. Though an American regiment, it was assigned to the "Irish brigade," encamped at Fair Oaks and was engaged at that place, Gaines mill, Savage Station and Malvern hill, in all of which the conduct of the troops was praised by General Meagher. The regiment then moved by way of Yorktown and Fredericksburg to the support of General Pope at Centerville and was engaged at Fairfax Court House. At Antietam it made a gallant charge. It next moved south with the Army of the Potomac and encamped a short time at Falmouth, where it was transferred from the Irish brigade to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. At Fredericksburg it was held in reserve and it escaped the "Mud March." Ordered west in March, 1863, the 29th was located at Paris, Kentucky, during April. In May proceeded to Vicksburg, where it arrived at the end of the siege and joined in the pursuit of the Confederate forces at Jackson, Miss. The next field of action was in East Tennessee in the battles of Blue Springs, Campbell's station and the siege of Knoxville. The marches in East Tennessee were difficult and the men suffered from cold, insufficient clothing and lack of food, yet in January, 1864, a number of them reenlisted and became a veteran regiment. The remainder was attached to the 36th Mass. infantry. After a short furlough the veterans arrived in Washington on May 18, 1864, and were assigned to the Army of the Potomac. At Cold Harbor their duties were comparatively light, but at Petersburg 3 color-bearers were shot in quick succession during a gallant charge and volunteers rescued the flag. The winter of 1864-5 was spent at Battery No. 11, in the vicinity of Fort Stedman and in the battle there on March 25, 1865, the battery was taken and retaken. Color-bearer Conrad Homan received a medal of honor because he was the first to enter when the battery was recaptured. On the journey home the regiment paraded in New York at the request of the New England society and was given a dinner and a complimentary address by General Burnside. The seven original companies served the Union cause in the field longer than any other regiment, always with honor to themselves and to their country.

Thirtieth Infantry.—Colonels, Nathan A. M. Dudley, Francis H. Whittier; Lieut.-Colonels, William Warren Bullock, Horace O. Whittemore, Francis H. Whittier, Samuel D. Shipley; Majors, Horace O. Whittemore, William F. Clark, Francis H. Whittier, Samuel D. Shipley, Edward A. Fiske, Brent Johnston. This regiment, known as the Eastern Bay State regiment, was mustered in at Lowell in the autumn and early winter of 1861-62. Owing to a difference of opinion between Governor Andrew and General Butler, for whom the regiment was raised, it left the state, January 2, 1862, without officers having been commissioned but a satisfactory understanding was soon reached. It enlisted for three years but remained in the service as a veteran battalion until July 5, 1866, when it was mustered out at Fort Sumter after four and one-half years' service and was the last Massachusetts regiment to return home. It embarked on January 13, 1862, for Fortress Monroe, where it reembarked for the south and arrived at Ship island, Miss., February 12. It continued up the Mississippi river and landed at New Orleans, May 2, but soon reembarked for Baton Rouge. An expedition further up the river was undertaken and the troops landed at Vicksburg, where they endeavored to dig a canal to divert the river but failed. Returning to Baton Rouge, it engaged the enemy at that place on August 5, and then moved to the vicinity of New Orleans. Much illness was the result of the hot climate and the duties of the regiment during the winter of 1862-63 were comparatively light . In May, 1863, it took part in the siege of Port Hudson and after the surrender moved to Donaldsonville, Louisiana It spent the month of August at Baton Rouge. After various minor duties the beginning of 1864 found the regiment in camp at New Iberia, Louisiana, where many of the men reenlisted and the regiment became the 30th veteran volunteers. On July 5 it sailed for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, proceeded to Washington, thence through Harper's Ferry to Bolivar heights. Various strategic movements in Virginia followed, including an engagement at Winchester, followed by constant skirmishing while in pursuit of the enemy and battles at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek. Winter quarters were built near Middletown in the Shenandoah Valley but on December 30, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Winchester and posted at the Opequan crossing to guard two important bridges. Here camps were built and the regiment remained here until April 1, 1865, when a movement up the Shenandoah Valley was commenced, but the surrender of Lee's army ended it. The 30th participated in the grand review at Washington and was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, thence to Georgetown, S. C., then to Sumter with various details for garrison duty in the district. The total number of members of the regiment was 1472, of whom 50 were killed or died of wounds and 319 from disease or accident.

Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Oliver P. Gooding, Edward P. Nettleton; Lieut.-Colonels, William S. B. Hopkins, Edward P. Nettleton, W. Irving Allen; Majors, Robert Bache, Elbert H. Fordham, W. Irving Allen, L. Frederick Rice. This regiment, originally known as the Western Bay State regiment, was mustered in during the latter part of 1861 and the beginning of 1862 for three years. It was mustered out in December, 1864, when the reenlisted men and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was mustered out at Mobile, Alabama, September 9, 1865. The total strength of the regiment was 1,365, of whom 50 were killed or died of wounds and 130 from disease or accident. The 31st embarked for Fortress Monroe, February 21, 1862, reembarked for the south and arrived at Ship island, Miss., March 20. It was ordered to New Orleans and was the first Union regiment to occupy the city. It was engaged in all the important battles of the Department of the Gulf during 1862 and 1863 and joined in the Red River expedition, leaving Carrollton, Dec . 19, 1863. At this time the regiment was converted into a cavalry regiment and moved to New Orleans, but was not in active service until March. As the 6th Mass. cavalry, it took part in the marches of the Red River expedition, leading up to the battles of Sabine cross roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane river, Alexandria and Yellow bayou. On May 3, 1864, in a repulse of the enemy at Governor Moore's plantation, the conduct of the regiment was complimented by General Mower, who said, "I have seldom seen cavalry do as well, never better." Guard duty along the Mississippi river occupied the greater part of the winter and in February, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Carrollton to prepare for the Mobile expedition. After the fall of Mobile the regiment remained there until mustered out.

Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonels, Francis J. Parker, George L. Prescott, Joseph C. Edmands; Lieut.-Colonels, Francis J. Parker, Edward A. Wilde, George L. Prescott, Luther Stevenson, Jr., Joseph C. Edmands, James A. Cunningham; Majors, Edward A. Wilde, Luther Stevenson, Jr., Joseph C. Edmands, James A. Cunningham, Edward O. Shepard. The 32nd, whose nucleus was the Fort Warren battalion, was organized for garrison duty at that place, and was sent to the front in May, 1862, where it was subsequently reinforced by the addition of four new companies. It was mustered out at Washington on June 28, 1865. Its total number of members was 2,393, of whom 134 'were killed or died of wounds and 117 died from accident or disease. It was first ordered to Washington. sailed for Fortress Monroe in July, and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. The six weeks in camp at Harrison's landing which followed was a time of great suffering from sickness, and in August, on the first day of the march to Yorktown, only 30 were able to keep up. Nevertheless, at the second Bull Run, the regiment was ready to do its share, but fortunately its duties on that occasion and during the battle of Chantilly were comparatively light. After participating in the battle of Fredericksburg, it went into winter quarters at Stoneman's switch. It shared in the "Mud March" and on April 27, 1863, started for Chancellorsville. Here and at Gettysburg the regiment fought bravely and then followed the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac through the Mine Run campaign, closing the year in winter quarters near Bealeton, Virginia. Early in 1864 the reenlisted men were furloughed and returned in February to camp, being the 1st Mass. veteran regiment. The 32d had its part in the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, and suffered heavy losses at Laurel hill. During this time the men had little rest and the engagements at the North Anna river, Totopotomoy and Bethesda Church followed in rapid succession. Next it was ordered to Petersburg and took part in the engagements there, on the Weldon railroad and at Poplar Grove Church. It finally went into winter quarters near the Jerusalem plank road, but was not destined to remain here long, for on February 5, 1865, it left camp under sealed orders, proceeded to Hatcher's run and on the 6th, fought the battle of Dabney's mill. It was then stationed on the Vaughan road until March, and was engaged at the battles of Gravelly run and the White Oak road. On April 9, while engaged with the enemy at Ramplin's station on the Southside railroad, the news came of Lee's surrender, which abruptly ended the fighting. On the 11th, the arms of the conquered were received and after guarding them until the 13th, the homeward journey was commenced.

Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Albert C. Maggi, Adin B. Underwood, Elisha Doane; Lieut.-Colonels, Adin B. Underwood, Godfrey Ryder, Jr., Elisha Doane, Albion W. Tebbetts; Majors, Adin B. Underwood, James L. Bates, James Brown, William H. Lamson, Elisha Doane, Albion W. Tebbetts, Edward W. Blasland. The 33d was mustered in for three years in August, 1862, at Lynnfield, and was mustered out at Washington, June 11, 1865. The total number of members was 1,280, of whom 102 were killed or died of wounds and 65 died from disease or accident. The regiment left the state on August 14, 1862, for Washington, where it remained until October 10. After several short marches undertaken upon rumors of the enemy's presence, it started for Fredericksburg, December 10, but arrived too late to take part in the battle. It had, however, the experience of the "Mud March" and made winter quarters near Stafford Court House. On April 27, 1863, the march to Chancellorsville was commenced. The regiment had no important part in this engagement, but in June at Beverly ford, it was in action all day. It lost heavily at Gettysburg and was complimented for gallant behavior. It was encamped at Bristoe Station until September 24, when it was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, where it arrived on October 1, and at Chattanooga on October 25. It was in the battles at Lookout mountain and Chattanooga, and took part in the attack on Missionary ridge. It started for Knoxville, but upon hearing that the siege was over returned to Chattanooga. Winter quarters were built in Lookout valley and here the regiment remained until May, 1864. The first battle of this year was at Resaca, where the 33d made a brilliant charge, and it was in the engagements at Dallas and Kennesaw mountain. On July 17th the regiment, having become greatly reduced in numbers, was detailed as train guard and remained in the rear while siege operations were carried on before Atlanta. It was ordered to Atlanta, on September 5, where various duties in the city were assigned to it until November 16, when the long march was commenced which brought the troops to Savannah, December 10. After a short rest the weary army started northward at the beginning of 1865, with engagements at Averasboro and Bentonville. General Johnston's surrender closely followed that of General Lee, and the army of General Sherman, after its wonderful march, reached Washington and participated in the grand review, after which the men joyfully returned to their homes.

Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, George D. Wells, William S. Lincoln; Lieut.-Colonels, William S. Lincoln, Andrew Potter; Majors, Henry Bowman, Harrison W. Pratt, Andrew Potter, Alonzo D. Pratt, Wells Willard. The 34th, composed of men from the western part of the state, was mustered in at Worcester, during July and August, 1862, for three years, and was mustered out at Richmond, June 16, 1865. The total number of members was 1,309, of whom 125 were killed or died of wounds and 76 died from accident or disease. The regiment started for Washington on August 15, 1862, and remained on duty in that vicinity until May 2, 1863, when it was sent to Upton hill. Here it remained until June 2, when it returned to Washington; was on duty there for over a month; was ordered to Fort Duncan, July 9; crossed the river and fought the battle of Berryville, Virginia, on October 18, 1863. In December an expedition was made to Harrisonburg which almost resulted disastrously, the Union troops being pursued all the way back. The regiment was then in camp near Bolivar until February 1, 1864, when it was ordered to Cumberland, Maryland. Several difficult marches and the battles of New Market, Piedmont, and Lynchburg followed, and then the hurried march in retreat to the Union lines. Without rest it was again on the march and took part in the battles at Snicker's gap, Winchester, and Martinsburg. It was in the engagements at Halltown, Berryville, Fisher's hill and Cedar creek and in December received orders to join the Army of the James before Richmond. In January, 1865, the regiment joined General Sheridan at the Chickahominy and moved toward Petersburg. It engaged the enemy at Hatcher's run, captured Battery Gregg at Petersburg, joined in the pursuit of Lee's army until the surrender and entered Richmond, April 25, 1865. Two members of the regiment received Congressional medals for bravery and throughout its term of service the 34th was noted for its discipline and steadiness. At the battle of Cedar creek, in resisting the enemy's charge, the regiment was the only one of the entire Army of West Virginia to preserve its formation entire. Thirty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward A. Wild, Sumner Carruth; Lieut.-Colonels, Sumner Carruth, William S. King, Burr Porter, John W. Hudson; Majors, Sumner Carruth, Sidney Willard, William S. King, Nathaniel Wales, Edward G. Park, John W. Hudson, Franklin B. Mirick. This regiment was composed of men from the eastern part of the state, and in August, 1862, was mustered in for three years. It was mustered out at Washington, June 9, 1865, when the recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 29th Mass. infantry. The total number of members was 1,553, of whom 135 were killed or died of wounds and 64 died from disease or accident. The regiment left camp for Washington on August 22, and September 6, 1862, and was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac in Maryland. At South mountain it had a sharp fight with the enemy and made a brilliant assault at Antietam, the men behaving like seasoned veterans. After this battle, out of 1,000 men who had started from Massachusetts, less than 300 were able to report for duty. After a short rest the movement into Virginia was commenced and in December the regiment participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, where it again suffered heavy losses. On February 9, 1863, it was transferred to Newport News, where it remained until March 25, when it was assigned to the Department of the Ohio, and reached Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, April 3. It was soon ordered to the support of General Grant at Vicksburg, and joined in the pursuit of General Johnston's army to Jackson, Miss. It was next actively engaged in the siege of Knoxville, after which it remained in the vicinity through the winter of 1863-64. In March, 1864, the regiment was ordered east and arrived in Annapolis, April 7, proceeding to Washington, thence to Bealeton Station, and joined the Army of the Potomac at the Wilderness on May 4. In this battle it was posted to guard the supply train, and was not actively engaged. At Cold Harbor, however, and at the siege of Petersburg, the Weldon railroad and Peebles' farm, it found opportunity for heroism and lost many men. It followed Lee's army as far as Farmville in April, 1865, when it received the news of the surrender. After a short time in Washington, came the welcome order: "Home."

Thirty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, John W. Kimball, Henry Bowman, Thaddeus L. Barker; Lieut.-Colonels, John B. Norton, Arthur A. Goodell, William F. Draper, Thaddeus L. Barker, James B. Smith; Majors, James H. Barker, Arthur A. Goodell, William F. Draper, Thaddeus L. Barker, James B. Smith, Edward T. Raymond. This regiment, composed mostly of Worcester county men, was mustered in for three years at Worcester, in August and September, 1862, and mustered out at Fort Lyon, near Alexandria, June 8, 1865. In October, 1864, the 21st battalion Mass. infantry was attached to the 36th and with the recruits was transferred to the 56th when the 36th was mustered out. The total number of members was 1,275, of whom 106 were killed or died of wounds, and 118 died from accident or disease. The regiment left camp for Washington September 2, 1862, and was assigned to General Burnside's command, which it joined near Sharpsburg, Maryland. Its part at Fredericksburg was not an important one; the winter was spent in that locality, and in the spring of 1863 it was ordered to the Department of the Ohio. It was posted for a time at Lexington, Kentucky, where several excursions were made into the surrounding country, and on June 4 it started for Vicksburg to reinforce General Grant . Here it joined in the siege, pursued General Johnston to Jackson and took part in the siege there. The men suffered much from sickness in the south and were in no condition to endure hardships. Nevertheless, in the campaign in East Tennessee, which was the next battle-ground, the regiment fought bravely at Blue Springs, Campbell's station and Knoxville. In April, 1864, it returned to Annapolis, joined the Army of the Potomac and performed important services in the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, suffering severe loss. At Cold Harbor and Petersburg the 36th was engaged, meeting the enemy on the Weldon railroad, at Poplar Spring Church and Hatcher's run. After the fall of Petersburg, routine duties occupied the regiment. until the order came for muster out and the men returned home after serving the Union cause for nearly three years in eastern, central and southern states.

Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Oliver Edwards, Rufus P. Lincoln, Mason W. Tyler; Lieut.-Colonels, Alonzo E. Goodrich, George L. Montague, Rufus P. Lincoln, Mason W. Tyler, Archibald Hopkins; Majors, Oliver Edwards, George L. Montague, Eugene J. Allen, Marcus T. Moody, Rufus P. Lincoln, Mason W. Tyler, Archibald Hopkins, Charles L. Edwards. This regiment, composed of men from the western part of the state, was mustered in at Pittsfield, August 30 to September 4, 1862, for three years, and mustered out on June 21, 1865, at Washington. The recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 20th Mass. infantry. The total number of members was 1,344, of whom 157 were killed or died of wounds and 76 died from accident or disease. The regiment left the state for Washington, September 7, 1862, and remained in that vicinity for about a month, when it was then assigned to the Army of the Potomac. It was present at Fredericksburg; took part in the famous "Mud March," spent the winter of 1862-63 in camp near White Oak Church; joined in the Chancellorsville campaign, and lost heavily at the battle of Gettysburg, where its conduct was complimented by its commander. It started south after Gettysburg and reached Warrenton, Virginia, where it was ordered to New York on account of the draft riots. On October 14, it returned to the Army of the Potomac; was present at the battle of Rappahannock Station; joined in the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters near Brandy Station. In May, 1864, the 37th lost heavily at the Wilderness, fought desperately at the Spottsylvania Court House, and moved on to the North Anna, Cold Harbor and Petersburg. At Petersburg on June 18, 1864, it made a gallant charge and early in July was sent to the defense of Washington. It was engaged at Charlestown, West Virginia, and at the Opequan in the Shenandoah Valley, and was then stationed at Winchester as provost guard. On December 16 it rejoined the Army of the Potomac at Petersburg, took part in the Hatcher's run movement, the assault on Fort Stedman, and the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Following the foe in their retreat, it was in the fight at Sailor's creek which was the last engagement in which the regiment participated. After guarding for a short time the Southside railroad, the men were reviewed at Richmond, also at Washington, and were then mustered out. The reenlisted men and recruits were transferred to the 20th Mass. June 21, 1865.

Thirty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Timothy Ingraham; Lieut-Colonels, David K. Wardwell, William L. Rodman, James P. Richardson; Majors, David K. Wardwell, William L. Rodman, James P. Richardson, Charles F. Allen. Seven companies recruited at Camp Stanton, Lynnfield, were composed of men from Plymouth county for the most part, and were mustered in on August 21, 1862, for three years. The remaining companies, A, B and F, recruited at Cambridge, were mustered in on August 22, at Camp Day, North Cambridge. The regiment carried on its rolls a total of 80 officers, and 1,036 enlisted men. Its losses during service were 4 officers, and 72 enlisted men killed or died of wounds; 2 reported missing; 138 died by accident or disease; 9 as prisoners, and 42 deserted. It left Boston, August 26, 1862, and arrived at Baltimore the following day. Colonel Ingraham was serving as lieutenant-colonel of the 18th Mass. infantry, when commissioned in the 38th, and did not assume command until September 3. It moved out on the Liberty road on September 9, and occupied Camp Cram for several weeks. On October 11 marching orders were received, the regiment being called out on account of Stuart's cavalry raid, but it was re-called soon after starting, and occupied a position on the outskirts of Baltimore until November 9. Moving then to Hampton Roads, it remained on transports for a month, when it sailed for Louisiana, arriving at Carrollton January 1, 1863. It was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 19th corps. Colonel Ingraham was appointed to command the 1st brigade, same division, and did not again return to the regiment. While at Camp Kearny, where the regiment remained until March, the men suffered much from sickness. In March the 38th embarked for Baton Rouge, joined in the advance to Port Hudson and encountered the enemy at Fort Bisland April 12, 1863. On May 22 the regiment landed above Port Hudson, joined in the assault on the fortifications on the 27th, and shared in the subsequent siege operations. After the surrender it embarked for Donaldsonville, but returned on August 1 to Baton Rouge, where it spent the winter of 1863-64. It took part in the Red River expedition, garrisoned Alexandria for a time, participated in the engagement at Cane river, and late in the month of July, was ordered to Washington. It then joined General Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah and at the battle of the Opequan displayed great courage and coolness under conditions of unusual difficulty, as its brigade, through a mistake, had been deprived of its support. The battles of Fisher's hill and Cedar creek followed, and in January, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where it remained for about five weeks. On March 5, orders came to move north to Kinston, N. C, via Hilton Head, Wilmington and New Berne, but as its services proved unnecessary at Kinston, it encamped at Morehead City until April 8. The rest of April was spent at Goldsboro on guard duty, and on May 1, the regiment returned to Savannah, where varied duties occupied the men until the close of their term of service.

Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Timothy Ingraham, P. Stearns Davis, Charles L. Peirson, Henry M. Tremlett, Frederick R. Kinsley; Lieut. Colonels, Charles L. Peirson, Henry M. Tremlett, John Hutchins; Majors, Henry M. Tremlett, Charles J. Payne, Frederick R. Kinsley, William W. Graham. The 39th was mustered in at Lynnfield in July and August, 1862, to serve for three years, and was mustered out at Washington, June 2, 1865, when the recruits and reenlisted men were transferred to the 32nd Mass. infantry. The total number of members was 1,432, of whom 66 were killed or died of wounds and 83 died by accident or disease. The command left Boxford September 6 for Washington, and was immediately posted along the Potomac near Edwards' and Conrad's ferries, on guard duty. From December, 1862, to April, 1863, winter quarters were occupied at Poolesville, Maryland. It was stationed at Washington on guard duty from the middle of April to July 9, when it left the city and moved to join the Army of the Potomac, then at Funkstown, Maryland. It participated in the Mine Run campaign and spent the winter of 1863-64 at Mitchell's station. In the battle of the Wilderness its loss was light, but at Laurel hill, it was less fortunate. From the opening of the spring campaign of 1864, there was plenty of hard service for the 39th. Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, the siege of Petersburg, the operations against the Weldon railroad, Hatcher's run, Gravelly run, and Five Forks, all were tests of the mettle and endurance of the men, to which they responded nobly, performing every service required of them without faltering. On May 1, 1865, the regiment left the Southside railroad for Arlington heights, participated in the grand review at Washington and left for Boston, June 4. It is worthy of mention that the loss of the regiment by death in prison was two-thirds as great as its other death losses, viz: 102 men.

Fortieth Infantry.—Colonels, Burr Porter, Guy V. Henry; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph A. Dalton, Charles L. Chandler, George E. Marshall, Horatio Jenkins, Jr., John Pollock; Majors, Joseph M. Day, A. Parker Browne, George E. Marshall, Horatio Jenkins, Jr., Charles G. Cox, John Pollock, Josiah L. Elder. This regiment was organized at Camp Stanton, Lynnfield, Mass., in the summer of 1862, and was mustered into service from August 22 to September 5, to serve three years. The actual number of members during its term of service was 1,067. It lost in killed and died of wounds 70; missing 4; died by accident or disease 113; died as prisoners 11; total losses 198. Its record of desertions was highly creditable, losing but 13 in this way during its varied service. The regiment left the state September 8, 1862, under Lieut.-Colonel Joseph A. Dalton, Colonel Porter taking command at Washington on the 14th. It was comparatively inactive for some time and remained on picket and guard duty in and around Washington until the spring of 1863. On April 15, 1863, it moved to Suffolk, Virginia, then under siege, where it was engaged in two reconnaissances on April 24 and May 3. It then moved to West Point, Virginia, Yorktown, Williamsburg, White House landing in succession, and was engaged with the enemy at Baltimore cross-roads, on July 2. It then passed through Washington on the 11th, and went to Frederick, Maryland, where it joined the Army of the Potomac in the pursuit of Lee's army after the battle of Gettysburg. On August 6, it was ordered to Folly island, Charleston harbor, and occupied the trenches in front of Fort Wagner until the surrender of that stronghold. Captain Guy V. Henry, a graduate of West Point, assumed command of the regiment on November 10, Colonel Porter having resigned some months before. On account of its high repute for excellence in drill and discipline, it was equipped as mounted infantry at Hilton Head in January, 1864, and moved on February 4, to Jacksonville, Florida, where it formed part of the Light brigade composed of the 40th, the independent battalion Mass. cavalry and Battery B, 1st U. S. artillery, Colonel Henry acting brigadier. It was engaged at Barber's ford and Olustee, losing in the latter engagements 5 killed, 23 wounded and 4 missing. A detachment of 52 men under Captain Marshall was also engaged at Gainesville. In March the brigade was broken up, the 40th, again unmounted, reported to General Butler at Gloucester Point, Virginia, on the 28th and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 10th corps. It shared in the battles of Arrowfield Church and Drewry's bluff, suffering a loss of 10 killed, 42 wounded and 22 missing in the latter battle. As a part of the 18th corps under General W. F. Smith, it joined the Army of the Potomac, and was heavily engaged at Cold Harbor. It then moved to the works before Petersburg, participated in the first attacks there and afterwards shared in the arduous work of the siege until August 27. It had suffered heavily from exposure, disease and in action, and left the trenches with only 2 officers and 45 men present for duty. It was on provost duty at Bermuda Landing for a month, and later in the operations about that place. It left its winter quarters at Chaffin's farm on March 4, 1865, and shared in the expeditions to Fredericksburg and White House landing. On April 3, it started for Richmond and remained near the city until the 25th, when it crossed the James to Manchester, at which place it was mustered out on June 17, 1865. It reached Mass. on the 21st and the men were paid and finally discharged the 30th.

Forty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas E. Chickering; Lieut.-Colonels, Ansel D. Wass, Lorenzo D. Sargent; Majors, Lorenzo D. Sargent, John F. Vlnal. This was the last of the ordinary three years' regiments sent out by the state, the 54th and 55th (colored), and the four veteran regiments of 1863, being the only infantry regiments subsequently enlisted for that term. It was recruited at Lynnfield and Boxford, and was organized and mustered into service from August 5 to November 1, 1862. It left for New York on November 5, where it reported to General Banks; embarked on the steamer North Star, which sailed for New Orleans December 4, and reached Baton Rouge on the 15th. It landed at this place and was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Colonel W. R. Kimball), 4th division (General Cuvier Grover), 19th corps, with which it participated in the Bayou Teche expedition in April, 1863, and reached Opelousas on the 20th, where Colonel Chickering was appointed military commander of the district. Here the men were provided with horses confiscated from the surrounding district, and on May 11 moved to Barre's landing. The regiment was thenceforth known as the 41st mounted rifles. In June it reported to General Banks at Port Hudson and while engaged here in outpost, scout and train duty, an order was issued consolidating the command with the 1st, 2nd, and 3d companies unattached cavalry, to form what was henceforth known as the 3d Mass. cavalry. (q. v.)

Forty-second Infantry.—Colonel, Isaac S. Burrell; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph Stedman; Major, Frederick G. Stiles. The nucleus of this regiment was the 2nd regiment of militia, which volunteered under the first call for nine-months' troops. It was recruited up to 41 officers and 900 enlisted men at Camp Meigs and mustered into service from September 13 to October 14, 1862. The field and staff were mustered November 11; on the 19th the regiment was ordered to report to General Banks and left the state on the 21st for the rendezvous at Long island, N. Y. Early in December it left for New Orleans in four detachments. Colonel Burrell, with Cos. D, G and I, reached Carrollton, Louisiana, on the 17th, and was at once ordered to Galveston to cooperate with the naval force at that point. A post was established on the island, but after repulsing two or three assaults on January 1, 1863, the detachment was forced to capitulate. Most of the men were paroled on February 18, and Chaplain George J. Sanger was unconditionally released. The paroled men occupied a parole camp at Bayou Gentilly until their term of service expired. The officers were held as prisoners until their exchange was effected on July 22, 1864, Surgeon Cummings and Lieut. Bartlett having meanwhile died. The other three detachments were delayed, but finally reached New Orleans on December 29, January 1 and January 14, and were assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, with headquarters on the Pontchartrain railroad, near Bayou Gentilly, under command of Lieut.-Colonel' Stedman. In detachments of one or two companies, variously located, the regiment served until the following summer, when Cos. C and H under Captain Leonard, and Co. K under Lieut. Harding received engineering details. Five of the companies were reunited at headquarters in June. Meanwhile Captain Leonard had organized a colored regiment known as the 1st Louisiana engineers, largely officered by enlisted men from the 42d. A detachment under Lieut. Tinkham participated in the action at La Fourche crossing, meeting with a loss of 1 killed, 3 wounded and 1 captured. Forty-six members of the regiment, forming part of the garrison at Brashear City, were captured when that place was attacked and taken on June 23, 1863, 2 having been killed and 2 wounded during the unsuccessful resistance. About this time the regiment was transferred to New Orleans and spent the remainder of its service there and at Algiers, embarking for New York on July 31. It reached Boston on August 10, and was mustered out at Readville on the 20th. This regiment was recruited and reorganized for the 100 days' service in the summer of 1864, retaining the same field officers, but with many changes among the staff and line officers, and embarked for Washington on July 24, under Lieut. Colonel Stedman. Colonel Burrell was exchanged about this time and rejoined his regiment at Alexandria, where it passed its term of service in the performance of guard and patrol duty, a detachment serving for some time at Great Falls, Maryland, and large details serving as guard for supply trains to the Shenandoah Valley. It was mustered out of service November 11, 1864.

Forty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Charles L. Holbrook; Lieut.-Colonel, John C. Whiton; Major, Everett Lane. The basis of this regiment, known as the "Tiger regiment," was the 2nd battalion, 1st brigade, 1st division, Mass. volunteer militia. The battalion, which volunteered for the nine months' service, was recruited to a full regiment at Camp Meigs and mustered into service between September 12 and October 25, 1862. It numbered 40 officers and 908 enlisted men. Its total losses during service were 3 killed, 12 died by accident or disease, total 15, suffering no casualties among its officers. It left the state November 5, for Beaufort, N. C., where it arrived on the 15th and went into camp on the Trent river at "Camp Rogers." Co. C under Captain William B. Fowle was soon sent to Beaufort, where it remained on detached duty until March 4, 1863, and the rest of the regiment formed part of General Foster's forces in the Goldsboro expedition in December, 1862. It was under fire for the first time at Kinston, but suffered no losses, and was engaged at the battles of Whitehall and Goldsboro. Its next service was in connection with the Trenton expedition. In April, 1863, it was sent to the relief of a small force besieged at Washington, N. C., engaged in the skirmish at Blount's creek, and afterwards supplied a number of volunteers in the dangerous service of running the blockade below Washington. It was engaged in various duties in the vicinity of New Berne until June 24, when it was sent to Fortress Monroe, reported to General Dix on the Pamunkey river, and went into camp at Hampton, Virginia, until July 2. Some complaints arose among the men at this time, as the term of service of most of them had expired. Thereupon General Naglee, whose attention had been called to the matter, offered the men individually the option of returning home, or of joining the Army of the Potomac for a time, then engaged in the pursuit of the fleeing Lee. Officers and men to the number of 203 volunteered to remain in service, and were engaged in provost duty at Sandy Hook, Maryland, till July 18, when they were relieved and ordered home. They were mustered out of service at Readville, July 30, 1863.

Forty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Francis L. Lee; Lieut.-Colonel, Edward C. Cabot; Major, Charles W. Dabney. The nucleus of this regiment was the 4th battalion, Mass. volunteer militia, which had been organized at Boston, May 27, 1862, to serve during the pleasure of the president, and had been mustered out May 31, 1862. The command volunteered almost as a unit when the call came for nine months' troops, and was recruited to a full regiment at Camp Meigs, September 12. It numbered 43 officers and 975 enlisted men. During its short term of service it lost 10 killed and died of wounds; 26 died by accident or disease; and one died as prisoner. It left the state October 22, for New Berne, N. C., where it was brigaded with the 24th Mass., 5th R. I., and 10th Conn. under Colonel Stevenson of the 24th. At the end of October it engaged in the Tarboro expedition, and saw its first fighting at Rawle's mill, where it suffered a loss of 2 killed and 6 wounded. This expedition occupied two weeks, and in December it participated in the Goldsboro expedition, suffering a loss of 8 killed and 14 wounded at Whitehall. It formed part of the reserve at Goldsboro, whence they returned to New Berne, and Cos. B and F were on detached picket duty at Batchelder's creek until May 1. In March the rest of the regiment went to reinforce the small garrison at Washington, N. C., and occupied the town during the siege. The regiment returned to New Berne on April 24, relieved the 45th and was engaged in provost duty until its term of service expired. It was relieved by the 27th Mass. on June 6, returned to Boston, where it arrived on the 10th, and was mustered out at Readville on the 18th. On July 13, on account of the danger of a draft riot, it was again called into service for a week.

Forty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Charles R. Codman; Lieut.-Colonel, Oliver W. Peabody; Major, Russell Sturgis, Jr. This organization was known as the "Cadet regiment," from the fact that its field officers, and several of its line officers, were taken from the 1st corps cadets. It was recruited at Camp Meigs, Readville, and was mustered into the U. S. service for nine months on varying dates between September 26 and October 28, 1862. While the officers were from Boston and the immediate vicinity, the ranks were recruited from over 200 cities and towns in the state. It numbered 40 officers and 918 men. Its loss during service was 20 killed and 27 who died by accident or disease. It embarked for New Berne, N. C., November 5, and on its arrival there was assigned to Colonel Amory's brigade, consisting of the 17th, 23d, 43d and 51st Mass. infantry. It remained inactive until December 12, when all but Cos. C and G (on detached service) participated in the Goldsboro expedition. It was actively engaged at the battles of Kinston and Whitehall, winning praise for its gallantry and efficiency in both actions, and suffering a loss of 15 killed and 43 wounded at Kinston, and 4 killed and 16 wounded at Whitehall, but was not in action at Goldsboro. In January, 1863, it took part, with two other regiments, in a five days' reconnaissance to Trenton, N. C., and on the 26th was detailed for provost guard at New Berne, in which capacity it served until April 25. With its brigade it took part in an expedition to Core creek, on the Atlantic & North Carolina railroad, on April 28, and engaged the enemy on the Dover road, where it met with a loss of 1 killed and 4 wounded. This ended its active campaigning, and it remained encamped in the neighborhood of Fort Spinola until June 24, when it broke camp and returned to Massachusetts, reaching Boston on the 30th. It was mustered out at Readville, July 8, 1863.

Forty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, George Bowler, William S. Shurtleff; Lieut.-Colonels, William S. Shurtleff, Lucius B. Walkley; Majors, Lucius B. Walkley, Samuel B. Spooner. The recruits of this regiment were obtained in Hampden county through the efforts of Rev. George Bowler of Westfield, the men rendezvoused at Camp N. P. Banks, Springfield, and were mustered in from September 24 to October 30, 1862, for the nine months' service. The total enrolment of the regiment was 43 officers and 954 men. The casualties during service were 1 killed and 32 who died by accident or disease. It was ordered to New Berne, where it arrived on November 15, and was attached to Colonel Horace C. Lee's brigade, composed of the 3d, 5th, 25th, 27th and 46th Mass. infantry. Cos. A and K, under Captain Spooner, were soon detached for duty at Newport barracks, and in December the rest of the regiment took part in the Goldsboro expedition, under command of Lieut.-Colonel Shurtleff. Colonel Bowler, on account of illness, resigned his commission on January 23, 1863. The regiment saw no more active service until March, remaining encamped near the junction of the Neuse and Trent rivers. On March 13 it participated in the reconnaissance on the Trent road, and the following month six companies formed part of the garrison at Plymouth, on the Roanoke river, while Cos. A and I, under Major Spooner, remained behind in the defenses of New Berne. In May, these two companies were sent to Batchelder's creek, and displayed commendable bravery in the defense of an advanced redoubt after the rest of the Union forces had been driven back in confusion during the attack on May 23. Sergt. A. S. Bryant of Co. A was rewarded for bravery on this occasion by promotion to sergeant-major and awarded a medal from congress. Shortly before the term of service expired, more than 100 members of the regiment enlisted in the 2nd Mass. heavy artillery, then being organized. The 46th was ordered to Fortress Monroe on June 23. Its term of service had nearly expired on their arrival at this point, and the regiment volunteered for further service during Lee's invasion of the North. It was assigned to General Tyler's brigade in the defenses of Baltimore until July 6, when it was attached to General Briggs' brigade, and performed outpost and picket duty on Maryland heights until July 11. It then joined the Army of the Potomac at Funkstown, and while marching south with it into Virginia in pursuit of Lee, was ordered to return to Massachusetts for muster out. It reached Springfield July 21, and was mustered out on the 28th at Hampden Park.

Forty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Lucius B. Marsh; Lieut.-Colonel, Albert Stickney; Major, Austin S. Cushman. This organization, commonly known as the "Merchants' Guard," rendezvoused at Camp Edwin M. Stanton, Boxford, and was raised through the efforts of Lucius B. Marsh, a prominent Boston merchant, who became its colonel. The several companies were gradually filled during the autumn of 1862 and were all mustered in for nine months' service by November 7. On the 11th the regiment moved to Camp Meigs, Readville. It suffered much from desertions before leaving the state, the records showing that it lost 225 men in this way. Its total enrolment was 807, consisting of 42 officers and 855 enlisted men. Its losses during service were 1 man killed and 1 officer and 33 enlisted men who died by accident or disease. On November 29 it was ordered to New York to join the Banks expedition then being organized. After some delay at Long island, it embarked for New Orleans and reached there on December 31. It was first ordered to Carrollton, where it remained until /an. 11, 1863, when it returned to New Orleans and served until in March at the U. S. barracks and Louisiana lower cotton press. Several companies were detailed for special service, Co. B serving throughout its term as guard for commissary and ordnance stores at New Orleans, and Co. E being detailed for provost duty at Thibodeaux. The regiment was reunited on March 12 (with the exception of Co. B), when it was ordered to the Metaire race-course and on May 19 to Camp Parapet. Here Colonel Marsh relieved General Dorr in command of the post, made up of artillery detachments and other troops and guarding a line of defenses extending some 30 miles. This post was occupied by the regiment until the end of its term of service. While here, Colonel Marsh recruited a company of negroes for service in the swamps. This company was the nucleus of the 2nd Louisiana engineers, recruited from the contraband camp and its officers were largely furnished by the 47th Mass. The regiment left Carrollton on August 5, to return home, going by way of Cairo, Ill., and reaching Boston on the 18th. It was mustered out at Readville, September 1, 1863. It was not once in action, and had only 1 man killed (June 28, by guerrillas).

Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Eben F. Stone; Lieut.-Colonel, James O'Brien; Major, George Wheatland. It was originally intended to recruit the 48th as a nine months' regiment from Essex county. Eight companies had been already formed at Camp Lander, Wenham, Mass., when the plans were modified on account of the immediate demand for troops for the Banks expedition. Two companies were detached to complete the organization of the 4th Mass. infantry (militia) which was being formed at Lakeville for the nine months' service, and four Irish companies which had been recruited by James O'Brien at Lakeville to form part of an Irish regiment, were consolidated with the six remaining companies to form the 48th infantry. Co. A was mustered on September 16, 1862, six more by October 1, and Co. K was finally mustered on December 9. The field and staff were mustered December 8. The regiment numbered 47 officers and 780 enlisted men. The regiment left on December 27, 1862, for New York, whence it sailed for Fortress Monroe, January 4, 1864. After a delay of a week there it embarked again for New Orleans, arriving there February 1. Two days later it arrived at Baton Rouge and became a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 19th corps. Its first active service was on March 13, when it participated in a reconnaissance to within a short distance of the Confederate lines about Port Hudson. The next day it advanced with its division for a demonstration against the land defenses of that place, and on the 20th returned to Baton Rouge. The general advance on Port Hudson began on May 21, and the 48th, now attached to the 3d brigade under Colonel Dudley, was engaged at Plains Store, where it lost 2 killed,

7 wounded and 1 1 captured. It furnished 93 men for the storming party of 200 which led the assault on the works of Port Hudson, among the volunteers being Lieut.-Colonel O'Brien, who was killed, and 15 line officers. It lost here 7 men killed and 41 wounded. While temporarily attached to the 3d division under General Dwight, it took part in the assault of June 14, losing 2 killed and 11 wounded. It shared in the work of the siege, but without further loss in battle. It then moved with Augur's division, commanded by General Weitzel, on the evening of July 9, against the enemy's works below Donaldsonville, Louisiana; was engaged at Bayou La Fourche on the 13th, where it met with a loss of 3 killed, 7 wounded and 23 captured; remained encamped near Donaldsonville until August 1, when it once more returned to Baton Rouge and occupied its former camp until August 9. Its term of service having now expired, it left for Massachusetts by way of Cairo, Ill., and reached Boston on August 23. It was mustered out at Camp Lander September 3, 1863.

Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, William F. Bartlett; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel B. Sumner; Major, Charles T. Plunkett. This regiment was entirely made up of Berkshire county men, who had enlisted under the call of August 4, 1862, for nine months. The several companies, having filled their ranks and elected their officers according to the prevailing militia system, rendezvoused at Camp Briggs, Pittsfield, where the men were mustered in from September 18 to October 28. On November 7 the regiment moved to Camp Wool at Worcester, where it completed its organization by the election of field officers. It left the state on November 29 for New York, whence it sailed to Louisiana, January 23, 1863, as part of the Banks expedition. It arrived at Baton Rouge in the middle of February, where it was attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 19th corps, and remained here idle until March 14, suffering much meanwhile from malarial and other fevers, incident to the sudden change of climate. It shared in the demonstration of March 14 in favor of Farragut's fleet; then joined in the general movement against Port Hudson in May, though 300 members of the regiment were off duty at this time by reason of sickness, and only 450 went with the colors. It was engaged at Plains Store, suffering a slight loss, and later participated in all the trials and hardships of the siege of Port Hudson. In the assault of May 27, it furnished a large number of officers and men for a forlorn hope, and lost altogether on that day 16 killed and 64 wounded out of a total in action of 233. Both Colonel Bartlett and Lieut.-Colonel Sumner were wounded, so that the command of the regiment devolved on Major Plunkett during the rest of its term of service. It moved to Donaldsonville, Louisiana, after the surrender of Port Hudson, and took part in the Bayou La Fourche expedition, during which it was nearly surrounded by a superior force from General Taylor's army, and retired in confusion with a loss of 3 killed, 4 wounded and 16 captured. The regiment remained in camp near Donaldsonville until August 1, when it returned to Baton Rouge and was joined by Co. G, which had remained on provost duty in Baton Rouge during the ten weeks of active campaigning the regiment had undergone. Its term of service had now expired and it reached Pittsfield on August 22, returning by way of Cairo, Ill., Indianapolis, Cleveland, Buffalo and Albany. It was formally mustered out on September 1, 1863.

Fiftieth Infantry.—Colonel, Carlos P. Messer; Lieut.-Colonel, John W. Locke; Major, John Hodges, Jr. The nucleus of this regiment was the 7th Mass. militia, composed of men from Essex and Middlesex counties. It was rapidly recruited to the required numbers at Camp Edwin Stanton, Boxford, between September 15 and September 30, 1862, was mustered into service for nine months. It had 39 officers and 904 enlisted men on its rolls. During its term of service it lost but 1 man in action, who was killed at Port Hudson. One officer and 87 enlisted men died by accident or disease. The 50th left on November 19 for New York under orders to join General Banks' forces in the Department of the Gulf. There was a great lack of adequate transportation facilities, so that the regiment was sent to Louisiana by detachments. Co. I departed on Dec . 1 and reached Baton Rouge on the 16th, far in advance of the others. A, E and K did not arrive until after February 5, 1863; B, D and H arrived at New Orleans, January 27, but were delayed in quarantine by reason of smallpox aboard their vessel and did not rejoin the regiment until April 2; C, F and G reached New Orleans, February 9, and joined the regiment at Baton Rouge on the 14th. The 50th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 19th corps, and shared in the demonstration of March 14 in the rear of Port Hudson, to enable Adm. Farragut to run the Confederate batteries. On April 9, four companies participated in an expedition to the Bayou Monticeno, on the Port Hudson road, and on May 12 the regiment moved with its brigade to White's bayou, 10 miles southeast of Port Hudson, where it remained on guard while the fortress was being invested. On the 26th it moved up within range, and shared in the assault of the next day, losing 1 killed and 4 wounded. It participated in the hardships of the siege until the surrender, when it was detailed for garrison duty within the fortifications, and remained there until ordered home by way of Cairo, Ill., reaching Boston August 11, and was mustered out at Wenham on the 24th.

Fifty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Augustus B. R. Sprague; Lieut.-Colonel, John M. Studley; Major, Elijah A. Harkness. The 51st was recruited from the southern part of Worcester county during the summer and autumn of 1862. The men rendezvoused at Camp Wool, Worcester, and from September 25 to November 11 were mustered into service for nine months. The regimental rolls show a total of 42 officers and 879 enlisted men. It lost no men in action, but 40 died from disease, suffering especially from cerebrospinal meningitis. The field officers were all taken from active service with other organizations, Colonel Sprague having served previously as captain of the 3d battalion rifles, and as lieutenant-colonel of the 25th infantry. He had been in action at Roanoke island and New Berne. By request of General Foster the regiment was ordered to North Carolina. It left the state on November 25 and arrived at Beaufort November 30, proceeding directly to New Berne, where it was assigned to Amory's brigade, composed of Massachusetts troops. It took part in the Goldsboro expedition, in which it lost 2 men wounded. On December 30 Co. G, under Captain T. D. Kimball, was detailed for special service at Brice's ferry, where it continued throughout its term of service. In January, 1863, seven companies shared in the expedition to Pollocksville and Trenton, returning to New Berne on the 21st. Throughout March and April, it was distributed along the railroad between New Berne and Morehead City in the performance of garrison duty, having its headquarters at Beaufort. Meanwhile the health of the regiment had materially improved and it returned to New Berne on May 4. On June 24 it was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and arrived there on the 27th, having left behind 183 men sick. Its term of service had now expired, but it volunteered for further service during the emergency created by the entrance of Lee's army into Maryland, and was first employed on special service in Baltimore until July 5. The next day it reported to General H. S. Briggs, in command of a provisional brigade of Massachusetts troops, and was stationed on Marye's heights until the 12th, when it was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac at Funkstown. The regiment had suffered so much from disease contracted by exposure in the swamps of North Carolina, that it was now reduced to 275 men for duty. When Lee's army escaped into Virginia, it was ordered to return to Massachusetts, and reached Worcester on July 21. It was mustered out of service July 27, 1863, after serving almost ten months.

Fifty-second Infantry.—Colonel, Halbert S. Greenleaf; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel J. Storrs; Major, Henry Winn. This regiment was recruited from the counties of Franklin and Hampshire, and was organized at Camp Miller, Greenfield. Two companies were mustered into the U. S. service on October 2, 1862, for nine months, and the remaining eight on the 11th, while the field and staff officers were mustered in November 19. It left the state on November 20, for New York to take part in the Banks expedition. On December 2 it embarked for Louisiana, arrived at Baton Rouge December 17, and was attached to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 19th corps. It saw no active service during the winter, remaining encamped at Baton Rouge until March 13, 1863, when it joined in the reconnaissance in the rear of Port Hudson to assist the Union fleet under Adm. Farragut in its attempt to run the Confederate batteries. On March 27 it embarked for Donaldsonville, Louisiana, and on the 31st, as a part of Grover's division, it shared in the Bayou Teche expedition, forming part of the reserve at the battle of Indian ridge on April 14. Four companies were detached at New Iberia as provost guard, and the others proceeded to Opelousas and Barre's landing. The six companies and Nims' battery remained at this point engaged in various duties until May 21, when, having been joined by the four companies left at New Iberia, the regiment started on the long return march and finally rejoined its brigade before Port Hudson. It formed part of General Paine's column in the march toward Clinton on June 5, returning on the 8th without having met the enemy. On June 14 it was deployed as skirmishers on the right of General Weitzel's attacking column during the assault of that day, and suffered a loss of 3 killed and 7 wounded. During the remainder of the siege of Port Hudson, it occupied an advanced position in the trenches, and lost a number in killed and wounded by the fire of the sharpshooters. Soon after the surrender of Port Hudson, its term of service expired. It had the distinction of being the first regiment to return home by way of the Mississippi river, reaching Greenfield on August 3, and on the 14th it was mustered out. During its term of service it had lost 1 officer and 10 enlisted men killed in action and 99 by accident and disease. Its loss by desertion was only 3. Fifty-third Infantry.—(Militia.) Colonel, John W. Kimball; Lieut. Colonel, George H. Barrett; Major, James A. Pratt. This regiment was recruited from the towns of northern Worcester and Middlesex counties, and rendezvoused at Camp Stevens, Groton Junction. The various companies were mustered into service from October 17, 1862, to November 6, for nine months, the field and staff officers being commissioned on November 8, but were not mustered until the regiment reached New York in December. The number on the regimental rolls was 44 officers and 910 enlisted men. It lost during service 5 officers and 23 enlisted men killed in action; 140 men by accident or disease; and 21 men deserted. It left for New York November 29, to join the Banks expedition then forming in that city, and sailed for Louisiana, January 18, 1863, reaching Carrollton on the 31st. It was assigned to the 3d brigade (Colonel Gooding), 3d division (General Emory), 19th corps. After spending six weeks in camp it moved on March 6 to Baton Rouge and on the 12th participated in a reconnaissance 5 miles up the river along the Bayou Sara road. On the 14th it moved with its division toward Port Hudson, returning to Baton Rouge the next day, after Adm. Farragut had run the batteries with a portion of his fleet. In April it took part in the Bayou Teche expedition; was actively engaged at Fort Bisland, where it lost 3 killed and 11 wounded, and was the first regiment to plant its colors over the fort. It followed in pursuit of the enemy to Opelousas, where it halted until May 5, and then proceeded with the rest of the column to Alexandria, marching 100 miles in four days. On May 15 it started on the retrograde movement, and finally reached Port Hudson on the 23d. The following day it served as advance guard for the engineer corps, engaged in selecting a route through the forest. It participated in the assault on May 27, holding a position within 200 feet of the enemy's intrenchments for more than 24 hours and meeting with some loss. On June 5-8 it was engaged in an expedition toward Clinton, and on the 14th formed part of the storming column of that day, making a gallant charge up to the enemy's works, and losing 18 killed and 68 wounded, out of 300 present. Resting until the 19th, it again went to the front and occupied an advanced position until the surrender of Port Hudson. It then served on picket duty for two days, moving to Baton Rouge on July 11 and to Donaldsonville on the 15th. It encamped here until August 2, when it returned to Baton Rouge. Two companies had been on detached duty throughout the whole campaign. Co. B, detached April 8, 1863, and Co. K, March 10, served as division and corps pioneers during the Teche expedition and the siege of Port Hudson. These companies rejoined the regiment at Donaldsonville and Baton Rouge. On August 12 the command started home, going by way of Cairo, Ill., and arrived at Fitchburg. Mass., August 24. It was mustered out at Camp Stevens September 2, 1863. No other short-term regiment lost so many men killed in action.

Fifty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Robert G. Shaw, Edward N. Hallowell; Lieut.-Colonels, Norwood P. Hallowell, Edward N. Hallowell, George Pope; Majors, Edward N. Hallowell, H. Northey Hooper, John W. M. Appleton, George Pope, James M. Walton. This was the first colored regiment recruited in the Northern States east of the Mississippi river. On January 26, 1863, Governor Andrew was granted authority by the secretary of war to enlist black recruits and to organize them into special corps, under the command of white officers. The first recruits were raised at Boston on February 9, and by the end of the following month four companies had been organized and mustered into service at Camp Meigs, Readville. Three more were mustered on April 23, and the remaining three on May 13. The men were obtained, not only from every part of Massachusetts, but from many other states as well, recruiting stations having been established through the efforts of Governor Andrew from Boston to St. Louis. No bounty was offered the men to enlist, though the state afterwards paid each man $50. More than enough men to fill the regiment had been recruited, and the surplus went to form the 55th. Much attention was given the matter of the selection of proper officers, Captain Robert B. Shaw, of the 2nd Mass. infantry, being placed in charge of the regiment during its formation. Captain N. P. Hallowell, of the 20th Mass. infantry, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel at the same time, but was later placed in command of the 55th, and did not serve with the 54th. Some of the other officers were also assigned to the 55th, so that the regiment left the state with an incomplete roster of officers. The regimental rolls show a total of 78 officers and 1,369 enlisted men. During a term of service lasting more than two years, it lost 5 officers and 88 enlisted men killed or died of wounds; 1 officer and 106 enlisted men by accident or disease; 34 died as prisoners, and 43 were reported missing. Only 39 men deserted. On May 28, 1863, the regiment left the state, under orders to report to General Hunter, commanding the Department of the South. Colonel Shaw reported his regiment at Hilton Head, S. C., on June 3, and the same day proceeded to Beaufort. A few days later the regiment was ordered to St. Simon's island, Georgia, where it reported to Colonel James Montgomery of the 2nd S. C. While here it took part in an expedition up the Altamaha river to Darien, in which the town was burned by order of Colonel Montgomery against the wishes of the officers and men of the 54th. It returned to Hilton Head on June 25, and formed part of General A. H. Terry's expedition to James island in July.' It went into action for the first time at Secessionville, where it received the brunt of the enemy's attack and performed its duty gallantly. Its loss was 45 in killed, wounded and missing. It reached Morris island on the evening of July 18, exhausted by the hardships endured during the last few days, loss of sleep and lack of rations. It now numbered some 600 effective men, and was ordered to lead that night the assault on Fort Wagner. This duty it nobly performed, advancing to the outer works under a galling fire of artillery and musketry and planting the regimental colors on the parapet. Here, during a desperate hand-to-hand fight, Colonel Shaw was slain and Lieut. Colonel Hallowell severely wounded. The struggle was soon seen to be hopeless and the attacking forces were withdrawn. The remnant of the regiment, together with a few of the fugitive men from the other commands, was rallied about 700 yards from the fort by Captain Emilio, the only officer left above the grade of lieutenant not killed or wounded. This position was held throughout the night in expectation of a sortie by the enemy and in the morning the 54th was relieved by the 10th Conn. Its total loss in killed, wounded and missing had been 261. It remained on duty in the trenches, and in fatigue duty, throughout the siege. When the fort was evacuated on September 7, it was among the first to enter the fort. Colonel E. N. Hallowell took active command of the regiment October 17, having recovered from his wounds received during the assault of July 18. The ranks of the regiment, at this time, had been augmented by 100 recruits from the North, and by the return of many of the convalescents. It was engaged in strengthening the works until January of the following year, when it formed part of the expedition to Florida under General Seymour, participating in the battle of Olustee. By its gallant action, while serving as rear-guard during the withdrawal of Seymour's main body, it did much to prevent an utter rout. Of about 500 men engaged, it lost 87 in killed, wounded and missing. It returned to Morris island on April 18 and remained there throughout the succeeding summer and autumn. Until September 28, 1864, the men had steadily refused to accept the $10 a month offered them, and in consequence had not received a dollar of pay. At this time they were paid the full amount of $13 a month to which they were fairly entitled, receiving in gross $160,000, of which they are reported to have sent home two-thirds to their families. Eight companies, under Lieut.-Colonel Hooper, moved to Hilton Head in November. and were assigned to Colonel Hartwell's 2nd brigade, as part of the coast division under General Hatch. Moving to Boyd's neck on Broad river with this division on the 29th, six companies were engaged at Honey hill on the 30th and formed part of the reserve at Deveaux neck, December 9. The division then moved to Graham's neck and Pocotaligo and entered Charleston, February 27, 1865, where it found Cos. B and F, which had been left at Morris island. It is worthy of record that Sergt. Stephen A. Swails, of Elmira, N. Y., was mustered into his position of 2nd lieutenant, January 25, by order of the war department . He had received his commission long before from Governor Andrew and was one of the first colored commissioned officers in the service. Four others were commissioned before the regiment was mustered out . The regiment moved to Savannah in March, and remained there until the 27th. It arrived in Georgetown, S. C, on the 31st, formed part of a provisional division under General Potter for an expedition into central South Carolina in April, which was absent for 20 days, constantly skirmishing and marching. On the 17th the enemy was met in some force at Boykin's mill, the 54th losing 2 killed and 20 wounded. It returned to Georgetown on the 25th and to Charleston on May 6, and then served by detachments on guard and garrison duty in various parts of the state until August 17. Three days later it was mustered out of service at Mount Pleasant and reached Boston in two detachments on the 26th and 28th. On September 1 the men were paid and discharged on Galloupe's island, and after marching through the streets of Boston were finally disbanded on Boston Common.

Fifty-fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Norwood P. Hallowell, Alfred S. Hartwell; Lieut.-Colonels, Alfred S. Hartwell, Charles B. Fox, William Nutt; Majors, Charles B. Fox, Sigourney Wales, William Nutt, Wheelock Pratt. Like the 54th, this regiment was composed of colored men with white officers and was recruited in the spring of 1863. The same recruiting committee which provided most of the men for the 54th also furnished the men for the 55th. The men rendezvoused at Camp Meigs, Readville, and the first five companies were mustered into the U. S. service on May 31, 1863, for three years, and the last three on June 22. By the end of June all the officers were commissioned. It carried a total of 82 officers and 1,144 enlisted men on its rolls. During its term of service it took part in the engagements at James island, S. C., Picket, James island. Honey hill, Deveaux neck, and Picket St. Stephen's, all in the vicinity of Charleston, S. C. Its losses were 3 officers, 59 enlisted men, killed and died of wounds; 2 officers and 118 men, died by accident or disease; 1 missing; by desertion, 27. It left the state on July 21, 1863, embarking at Boston for New Berne, N. C., where it arrived on the 25th. As a part of General Wild's brigade it was ordered to Charleston harbor on the 29th, and was assigned to Vogdes' division, 10th corps, and remained at Folly island, engaged in the performance of fatigue duty and various details connected with the operations against Charleston until February of the following year. Like the 54th, a grave injustice was done the men of the 55th in the matter of pay, as the Federal paymasters offered the men but $10 a month. This, they consistently refused to accept and serious trouble with the men was narrowly averted in consequence. After November 2, 1863, Colonel Hartwell was in command of the regiment on account of the retirement of Colonel Hallowell through disability, arising from a wound received at Antietam. On February 13, 1864, the 55th was ordered to Jacksonville, Florida, and while Co. F was detailed to garrison Fort Fribley, near Jacksonville, Cos. B, I, K and C, assisted by a squad of N. Y. engineers, were detailed to fortify and garrison Yellow bluff, the remainder of the command going up the river to Palatka. Here it built strong fortifications and remained until April 18, when the regiment was ordered back to Charleston harbor. Here it once more engaged in arduous fatigue duty on Folly island and in various minor movements connected with the general operations against the city. On July 2, accompanied by the 103d N. Y. and the 33d colored infantry, it engaged the enemy on James island. It performed gallant service in charging a battery of the enemy under a brisk fire, capturing two 12-pounder Napoleon guns and driving the battery's support in disorder:. The command lost 1 1 killed and 18 wounded during this expedition. Colonel Hartwell was now detailed to command the post on Folly island and Lieut.-Colonel Fox commanded the regiment during the rest of its term of service. On September 1, the men finally received their pay, and expressed home more than $60,000 of the sum then paid them. Eight companies were despatched to Hilton Head, S. C., in November and assigned to a brigade commanded by Colonel Hartwell in the coast division. On November 30, this brigade was heavily engaged at Honey hill during the entire afternoon, Colonel Hartwell being wounded, and the regiment losing 31 killed, 108 wounded and 1 taken prisoner. Thirteen of the wounded afterwards died. Returning to Boyd's neck on December 7, it was engaged in fortifying and holding this position until January 11, 1865, when it embarked for Savannah, Georgia, and remained on duty there until February 1, when it returned to Hilton Head. It took part in expeditions of February 2, 9 and 11, and entered the city of Charleston on the morning of the 20th, being the first body of Union troops to enter that city after its evacuation. It was promptly sent with a column under General Potter on an expedition into central South Carolina, to watch the movements of General Hardee, in command of the retreating garrison,' and returned to Charleston on March 10. A week later it moved to James island, served there by detachments until April 5, when it participated in an expedition to Eutaw springs, in support of a movement by General Potter,. and reached Charleston again on the 12th. On May 7, it moved to Summerville, and on the 19th to Orangeburg, where it served by detachments until its term of service expired. It was mustered out at Mount Pleasant August 29, the men were finally paid and discharged at Galloupe's island, September 23, and disbanded on the 25th, after a reception and march through the streets of Boston.

Fifty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles E. Griswold, Stephen M. Weld, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonels, Stephen M. Weld, Jr., Horatio D. Jarves; Majors, Horatio D. Jarves, Wallace A. Putnam, Z. Boylston Adams. This was known as the "1st veteran volunteer infantry." The members of this and the other three veteran regiments must already have served for at least nine months in some other organization. The 56th, the first of the four veteran regiments, was organized at Readville, and mustered into service during December, 1863, and January and February, 1864, for three years. Its total enrolment was 74 officers and 1,119 men. It lost in action 6 officers, 99 enlisted men; 4 missing; 52 died by accident or disease; 48 died as prisoners. It left for Annapolis, Maryland, March 20, 1864, and was attached to Carruth's brigade, Stevenson's division, 9th corps. It left camp at Annapolis on April 23, when the corps embarked on its spring campaign, and on the 6th of May it went into action at the Wilderness, near the junction of the Brock and Plank roads. During the short time it was engaged, it lost heavily, Colonel Griswold being killed, and the total casualties amounting to 77. Moving to the left with its corps in support of General Hancock, it was again heavily engaged at Spottsylvania Court House, losing 52 in killed, wounded and missing. It again shared in the assaults on the 18th, when it lost 5 killed and 40 wounded. With a portion of the corps, it crossed the North Anna river on the 24th, and another severe engagement followed at Ox ford. In this action the regiment lost 64 in killed, wounded and prisoners. It was again engaged with its corps at Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor, after which it crossed the James river and went into position before Petersburg, taking an active part in the assault on June 17, capturing over 50 prisoners, but losing heavily itself. It shared in the general siege work until the end of July and formed a part of the division chosen to lead the advance in the action at the Crater. Though already fearfully reduced in numbers, it lost in this fight 10 killed, 25 wounded and 22 prisoners. After serving in the trenches for two weeks longer, it took part in the expedition against the Weldon railroad, after which, on account of the depletion through losses of the 1st division, it was discontinued, and the 56th became a part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps, taking part with it in the battle of Peebles' farm. The regiment spent the winter in garrison at Fort Alexander Hays and on the resumption of the spring campaign it joined in the assault on the Confederate works on the Jerusalem plank road. Afterward, assisted only by the 5th Mass. battery, it tenaciously held the key position of the captured works throughout the day. On the fall of Petersburg, it moved to Burkesville and after Lee's surrender, to Alexandria, where it was stationed until mustered out of service on July 12, when it returned to Massachusetts. The men were paid and discharged at Readville, July 22, 1865.

Fifty-seventh Infantry (Second Veteran).—Colonels, William F. Bartlett, Napoleon B. McLaughlen; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward P. Hollister, Charles L. Chandler, Julius M. Tucker; Majors, William T. Harlow, James W. Cushing, Julius M. Tucker, Albert Prescott, James Doherty, Ezra P. Gould. This was the second of the four veteran regiments organized in the autumn and winter of 1863-64. It was recruited through the efforts of Colonel William F. Bartlett of the 49th infantry, Mass. volunteer militia, who became its colonel and later a brevet major-general. Most of the recruits came from the western counties and most of its officers were veterans. It completed its organization and was mustered into service for three years, April 6, 1864. On the 18th it left the state for Annapolis, where it arrived on the 20th and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. The decisive campaign of 1864 was now beginning, and the 9th corps was ordered to the front, marching through Washington, Fairfax Court House, Centerville, Bristoe Station and Warrenton Junction to Rappahannock Station, where it arrived May 3. It then moved via Brandy Station and Germanna ford and took part in the bloody battle of the Wilderness. Here, despite its recent organization, its action was highly creditable and gained the warm commendation of General Hancock. It went into action with 545 officers and men and lost 47 killed, 161 wounded and 43 missing—a total of 251. Colonel Bartlett was wounded early in the engagement, and Lieut.-Colonel Chandler assumed command. Colonel Bartlett never resumed command of the regiment, as he was commissioned brigadier-general on his recovery. It moved to Spottsylvania Court House and in a reconnaissance on the 10th, lost its division commander, General Stevenson. The 57th again did gallant service on the 12th, advancing with its corps in support of General Hancock's charge, again losing heavily, but held the advanced position gained on this day until the 18th, when it took part in a reconnaissance close to -the enemy's works. When the line at Spottsylvania Court House was abandoned, it moved with its division to the North Anna river, where on the 24th its brigade was advanced without proper support and, being attacked on both flanks and raked by artillery fire, it fell back in disorder, the 57th losing 10 killed, 13 wounded and 14 missing. Its gallant commander, Lieut.-Colonel Chandler, was among the killed. It was only slightly engaged at Cold Harbor, and crossing the James river on June 15, it shared in a desperate assault with the bayonet on the works at Petersburg on the evening of the 17th. Its loss was 11 killed, 30 wounded and 3 missing, its commander, Captain Tucker, being wounded. It did constant duty in the trenches until the assault at the Crater on July 30, when, as part of the 1st division, 9th corps, it led in the attack, going into action with 7 officers and 91 men, and retiring from that fearful engagement with only 1 officer and 46 enlisted men, and without its colors. It was again engaged at the Weldon railroad in August, losing one third of the little remnant of the regiment left. At the beginning of September, only four months after its organization, the regiment numbered only 1 officer, Lieut. Doty, and 29 men, fit for active service. Soon after, however, it was augmented to 60 by returning convalescents and others on detached duty. It was engaged at Peebles' farm, where it lost 1 killed and 7 wounded, and in the reconnaissance to the Boydton plank road lost 2 killed and 12 wounded. During the remainder of the autumn and succeeding winter, the 57th saw little severe fighting and occupied the works before Petersburg until the resumption of the final operations in the early spring of 1865. It took an honorable part in the action at Fort Stedman, March 25, when Sergt. Pinkham captured the colors of the 57th N. C. It was not again engaged except upon the skirmish line. When Petersburg fell, it encamped in the vicinity, and later moved to the Southside railroad. When General Lee surrendered, it moved to Washington, encamping near Tenallytown. It was consolidated with the 59th regiment on June 20, but retained its name. The combined organization was mustered out of service July 30, 1865, and returned to Readville, where it was paid off and discharged on August 9, 1865. The record of its casualties best tells the story of the heroic service performed by the regiment. Its actual membership during its term of service was 76 officers and 1,353 enlisted men. Its total loss was 285, made up of 11 officers and 165 enlisted men killed or died of wounds; 23 missing; 52 died of disease or accident and 34 as prisoners.

Fifty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, John C. Whiton (Silas P. Richmond was commissioned colonel September 28, 1863, but resigned without being mustered, and the regiment served its whole term under Lieut.-Colonel Whiton) ; Lieut. Colonel, John C. Whiton (Everett C. Horton was commissioned lieutenant colonel August 31, 1864, but was discharged as major on expiration of service); Majors, Barnabas Ewer, Jr., Everett C. Horton (not mustered). The 58th was the last three years' infantry regiment mustered into the U. S. service to leave for the front. Recruiting for the regiment began in September, 1863, but only eight companies had been filled and mustered into service at Readville when the command was called upon to leave the state in April, 1864. Co. I joined the regiment in June while it was located in front of Cold Harbor, and Co. K joined the regiment February 20, 1865, while it was garrisoning Fort Meikle in front of Petersburg. Its total enrolment was 63 officers and 953 enlisted men. Its losses while in service were as follows: Killed and died of wounds, 10 officers and 99 enlisted men; missing, 14; died by accident or disease, 1 officer and 76 enlisted men; died as prisoners, 1 officer and 84 enlisted men; total, 12 officers and 273 enlisted men. Leaving the state on April 28, 1864, the regiment reached Alexandria, Virginia, on the 30th, and two days later arrived at Bristoe Station, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 9th corps. It was engaged at the battle of the Wilderness, suffering a loss of 34 killed, wounded and missing; shared with its corps in the assault of May 12 at Spottsylvania, losing on this hotly contested field 13 killed, 90 wounded and 2 missing; was in frequent skirmishes until the 21 st, when it moved toward the North Anna river and reached the Totopotomoy on the 29th, skirmishing and maneuvering almost constantly and sustaining a number of casualties. It shared in the assault at Cold Harbor, June 3, and held an advanced position throughout the day exposed to a murderous fire. Its loss on this day was 18 killed and 67 wounded. Major Ewer and Captains McFarland and Upham were among the slain. It was continuously on duty before Cold Harbor until the 12th, when it moved with the army to Petersburg and shared in the assault of the 17th. The following day it met with further loss in the attempt to capture the Norfolk & Petersburg railroad. It remained in the trenches before Petersburg until the 30th, when it charged with its brigade into the chasm formed by the explosion of the mine, meeting with heavy loss when the Confederates made their counter-charge in overwhelming force. Only a remnant of the regiment escaped, its loss being 5 killed, 30 wounded and 84 captured. The regiment, now much reduced in numbers, suffered another heavy loss on September 30, when, in the battle of Poplar Spring Church, nearly the whole command was captured. Out of upwards of 100 engaged, only 1 officer and about a dozen men escaped. Its numbers were soon increased by a small body of recruits from Massachusetts, and by convalescents and those returning from detached service. It was not again engaged in active operations until the following year and spent the winter at Hancock Station, garrisoning Fort Meikle. On April 2, 1865, it shared in the assault on Petersburg, and after the surrender was engaged in guarding the railroad at Burkesville and Farmville until the 20th. It returned to Alexandria on April 28, participated in the grand review in Washington, and on July 15 it broke camp. It reached Readville July 18, and on the 26th was finally paid and discharged.

Fifty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Jacob P. Gould; Lieut.-Colonels, John Hodges, Jr., Joseph Colburn; Majors, Joseph Colburn, Horace M. Warren, Ezra P. Gould. This regiment, the 4th veteran, was recruited at Readville during the winter and spring of 1863-64. Though numerically the last of the four veteran regiments, it was organized and left the state on April 26—two days in advance of the 58th. It was mustered in by companies during the months of January, February, March and April, 1864, for three years, with a total enrollment of 56 officers and 906 enlisted men. It reached Washington on April 28, 1864, moved by way of Alexandria, Bealeton, Rappahannock and Brandy Stations to Germanna ford, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. On May 6, it engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, where its loss was 12 killed, 37 wounded and 5 missing. Colonel Gould was soon after placed in command of the brigade and the regiment, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Hodges, moved to Spottsylvania Court House, where it participated in the general action, meeting with a loss of 11 killed, 45 wounded and 3 missing. It was again in action with its division at the North Anna river, suffering a further loss of 38 in killed, wounded and missing. Moving to Cold Harbor it joined in the general assault on June 3, again meeting with considerable loss. It arrived before Petersburg on the morning of the 17th, and in the afternoon engaged in an assault upon the enemy's works, where it finally effected a lodgment, after a loss of 13 killed, 49 wounded and 8 missing. It was employed in strengthening its position and in picketing the front until July 30, when it participated in the fight at the Crater after the explosion of the mine. In common with the other troops engaged the 59th suffered severely, losing 8 killed, 25 wounded and 47 missing. It lost its 2 highest officers—Colonel Gould, commanding a brigade, was wounded and died as a result on August 22, and Lieut.-Colonel Hodges was killed. The command of the regiment now devolved on the senior captain, Ezra P. Gould, who was commissioned major on August 20, Major Colburn being appointed lieutenant-colonel, and the colonelcy remaining vacant by reason of the depleted state of the organization. It shared in the movement against the Weldon railroad and was again engaged in the battles of Peebles' farm and Poplar Spring Church. Throughout the autumn and winter, the regiment was in the trenches before Petersburg, occupying a position to the right of Fort Stedman. The position was close enough to the hostile lines to require underground bomb-proofs, and was besides so low and marshy as to require much effort before it could be rendered habitable. Lieut.-Colonel Colburn went home on leave in February, 1865, and never returned, so that Major Gould was in command during the rest of the career of the regiment as a separate organization. It left the trenches on March 15, 1865, for a position in the rear of Fort Haskell, and bore an honorable part at Fort Stedman on the 25th, when it occupied Battery No. 11 and narrowly escaped capture by leaping the breastworks and retreating to Fort Haskell between the opposing lines of intrenchments. It returned to the trenches immediately after the engagement and was constantly under arms from this time on until the fall of Petersburg. Entering the captured stronghold on April 3, it remained encamped in the suburbs for a few days, but after Lee's surrender it was moved to the Southside railroad about 30 miles out, where it engaged in guard duty till the latter part of the month, when it was ordered to Washington, D. C, and encamped at Tenallytown during the remainder of its term of service. Both regiments being much depleted in numbers, it was consolidated with the 57th Mass. on June 20, to take effect from June 1, and was mustered out with that regiment on July 30. Like the other three veteran regiments, it had performed most gallant service throughout the closing and most bitterly contested campaign of the war. Like the others, too, only a pitiful remnant of the heroic band survived the trying ordeal.

Sixtieth Infantry.—Colonel, Ansel D. Wass; Lieut.-Colonel, David M. Woodward; Major, Uriah McCoy. This was a volunteer militia regiment organized at Readville in the summer of 1864, for 100 days' service. The various companies were mustered in between July 14 and 23, 1864. It numbered 36 officers and 894 enlisted men, and lost 10 by disease during its short term of service. Leaving the state on August 1, under Lieut.-Colonel Woodward, it was joined at Baltimore by its colonel and remained encamped at Relay house and Carroll hill for two weeks, awaiting orders. It was then ordered to Indianapolis, Ind., to avert a possible danger from certain disloyal elements. It was at first stationed at Camp Carrington, but soon moved to Burnside barracks, and with one of the veteran reserve regiments spent its term of service guarding a stockade containing a large number of Confederate prisoners. It was mustered out of service November 30, 1864. Before leaving for home; Colonel Wass was complimented by Governor Morton on the excellent discipline of his men.

Sixty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Charles F. Walcott; Lieut.-Colonel, Ebenezer W. Stone; Major, James G. C. Dodge. The 61st Mass., the last regiment to leave the state, was recruited as a one-year regiment during the fall and winter of 1864-65. It was recruited at large and rendezvoused at Galloupe's island in Boston harbor. The men of Co. A were from Pittsfield and its vicinity, and those of Co. D came from Adams county. Cos. A, B, C, D and E were slowly filled and mustered into service between the latter part of August and the end of September, and left the state as a battalion on October 7, 1864, the remaining companies being forwarded as soon as they reached the maximum number. The battalion, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Walcott, arrived at West Point, Virginia, October 12, and was immediately attached to the engineer brigade under General Benham. In addition to their work as engineers, the men performed a great deal of routine camp and picket duty throughout the ensuing winter, and were employed at the front at Petersburg for two days in December, near Fort Sedgwick. The battalion was increased during the month by the arrival of Co. F; Co. G reported on January 5, 1865; Co. H, on February 15; and Cos. I and K, on March 15. On February 5 the battalion moved again to the front, and was engaged for a week in the movement which extended the lines beyond Hatcher's run. The regiment was transferred on March 17 to an independent brigade, under Colonel C. H. T. Collis, engaged in provost and guard duty at general headquarters. From March 29 until the surrender of Lee it was constantly under arms. It served with distinction on April 2, when it charged and captured Fort Mahone in front of Fort Sedgwick. So rapid and fierce was the charge that their loss was comparatively small, considering the deadly fire through which they had advanced. The loss was 6 killed and 29 wounded. Second Lieut. Thomas B. Hart was among the slain. The regiment engaged in the pursuit of the Confederate army and on April 12 returned to City Point with its brigade in charge of several thousand prisoners from Ewell's corps, captured at Sailor's creek. It then moved to Burkesville and was assigned to the 5th corps, April 23. Moving to Washington by way of Richmond on May 12, it encamped near Fort Barnard, and on the 23d participated in the grand review. Cos. A, B, C, D and E left for Massachusetts on June 5, and arrived on the 8th at Readville, where they were finally discharged on the 17th. The remaining companies, as the 61st battalion, served in the defenses of Washington as part of the provisional corps until July 22, when they returned to Readville and were there mustered out, August 1, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment was 41 officers and 977 enlisted men. It lost 6 killed (including 1 officer), and 17 by accident or disease. For its gallant services preceding the fall of Richmond, it had been honored with nine brevet promotions.

Sixty-second Infantry.—This regiment, like the 61st, was intended for one year's service, and was being organized at Readville, Mass., when the information that General Lee had surrendered stopped further enlistments. Only four companies had been mustered. Ansel D. Wass. late colonel of the 60th infantry, would have commanded the regiment had it been sent forward. He was commissioned, but never mustered. The four companies organized remained in camp until May 5, when they were mustered out to the number of 8 officers and 381 enlisted men. Two men had died and 8 deserted.

First Company Sharpshooters.—Captains, John Saunders, William Plumer, Isaac N. Mudgett. This organization numbered 11 officers and 257 men. Three officers and 16 men were killed or fatally wounded; 2 men were reported missing; 16 died by accident or disease and 3 as prisoners. The 1st company of sharpshooters, called the Andrew Sharpshooters, recruited at Lynnfield, was mustered into the U. S. service on September 2, 1861. It left the state the same day for Washington, and was there assigned to General Lander's brigade, located at Poolesville, Maryland. Several skirmishes on the upper Potomac ensued, and the company remained on duty in that region until the opening of the Peninsular campaign in the spring of 1862, when it was attached to the 15th Mass infantry, 1st brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, and took part in the siege of Yorktown. Its history is that of the 15th until April 17, 1863, when it was attached to the 2nd division, 2nd corps, and was active at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In August it joined the 20th Mass. infantry and was engaged at the battle of Bristoe Station, and in the Mine Run campaign. It remained with the 20th until June, 1864, and in the latter part of that month was transferred to the 19th Mass. infantry, with which organization it was identified until mustered out of service.

Second Company Sharpshooters.—Captains, Lewis E. Wentworth, Robert Smith. This company numbered 8 officers and 144 men. It lost during service 12 men killed, and 9 by accident or disease. It was recruited at Lynnfield, Mass., the members being mustered at various times during August and September, 1861. It left the state on October 8 with the 22nd Mass. infantry, and remained with that organization during its entire term of service. Its original members, not reenlisted, were mustered out on October 17, 1864, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 32nd Mass. infantry.

Third Battalion Riflemen.—Major, Charles Devens, Jr. This battalion carried on its rolls 25 officers and 297 enlisted men, of whom it lost 2 by disease during service. It had its headquarters at Worcester when the war broke out, two companies being located there and the third at Holden. On April 20, 1861, Major Devens was ordered to report at Washington with his battalion. It arrived at Annapolis April 24, remaining there until May 2, when it was ordered to garrison Fort McHenry, near Baltimore. An additional company (D), recruited in Boston, joined the battalion here May 19, having spent 12 days in Washington, where it had gone from Boston by water on the steamer Cambridge, and having been the first organization to reach the capital by way of Fortress Monroe and the Potomac. The battalion was mustered into the U. S. service for three months on May 19, but remained at Fort McHenry two weeks beyond the expiration of its term of service, engaged in artillery and infantry tactics. After the promotion of Major Devens to the colonelcy of the 15th Mass. infantry, the battalion was commanded by Captain Sprague of Co. A. Returning to Mass. it was mustered out August 3, 1861.

Unattached Companies, Infantry.—In addition to the various organizations previously described, Massachusetts furnished during the war thirty companies of infantry, the enlistments generally being for short terms of service. These companies served either in the coast forts of the state or at interior points where needed, and were known as unattached companies unless otherwise designated. Occasionally a company served for more than one term.

First Company.—Captain, Lewis J. Bird, numbered 3 officers and 97 men and had no fatalities during service. This company, from Boston, was mustered into service for 90 days, April 29, 1864, and was stationed during service at Fort Independence, Boston harbor. It was mustered out August 1, 1864.

Second Company.—Captains, Francis E. Porter (90 days and 100 days); Leonard G. Dennis (one year). The 90 days' company numbered 3 officers and 88 men and had no losses; the 100 days' company numbered 3 officers and 98 men, of whom 3 died by accident or disease: the one-year company numbered 3 officers and 99 men, and served without loss. The 2nd Co. from Beverly, was mustered into service for 90 days, May 3, 1864. It was stationed at Gloucester until August 6, when its term expired. It at once reenlisted and was mustered in August 7, for 100 days' service, being again stationed at Gloucester. At the expiration of the 100 days it once more reenlisted, and was mustered in for one year, November 16, 1864. Stationed at Galloupe's island, Boston harbor, it was mustered out July 7, 1865.

Third Company.—Captain, Luther Dame, numbered 3 officers and 84 men and had no fatalities. It was from Newburyport, and was mustered into service for 90 days, May 3, 1864. It was stationed during service at Fort Pickering, Salem, and was mustered out August 5, 1864.

Fourth Company.—Captain, Alpheus J. Hilbourn, numbered 3 officers and 08 men and had no losses. It was from Chelsea, was organized at Readville and mustered in for 90 days' service, May 3, 1864. It was stationed at Fort Clark's Point, New Bedford, and was mustered out August 6, 1864.

Fifth Company.—Captain, David H. Dyer, numbered 3 officers and 98 men and served without loss. It was from Fall River, was organized at Readville, mustered into service May 4, 1864, for 90 days, and stationed first at Camp Meigs, Readville, then at Beach Street barracks. It was mustered out August 2, 1864. Sixth Company.—Captain, Charles P. Winslow, numbered 3 officers and 80 men and served without loss. It was from Westboro, was organized at Readville and mustered into service for 90 days, May 4, 1864. It served at Readville and was mustered out on August 2.

Seventh Company.—Captain, Albert E. Proctor, numbered 3 officers and 98 men and lost 1 man by disease during service. It was from Boston, was organized at Readville and mustered in for 90 days. Served at Galloupe's island, Boston harbor, until mustered out on August 5, 1864.

Eighth Company.—Captain, Augustine L. Hamilton, numbered 3 officers and 94 men and served without loss. It was from Lawrence, but was organized at Readville and mustered into service for 90 days May 10, 1864 It served at Galloupe's island, and was mustered out August 11, 1864.

Ninth Company.—Captain, George H. Smith, numbered 3 officers and 97 men and served without loss. It was stationed at Galloupe's island during its term of enlistment, being mustered out August 11, 1864.

Tenth Company.—Captain, George A. Perry, numbered 3 officers and 99 men and served without loss. It came from Milbury and was mustered into service for 90 days, May 10, 1864. It was stationed during service at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, and was mustered out August 8, 1864.

Eleventh Company.—Captain, Jeremiah C. Bachelor, numbered 3 officers and 92 men and served without loss. It was from Lynn, was organized and mustered into service at Readville for 90 days, May 16, 1864, was stationed at Forts Sewall and Eastern Point, Gloucester, and at Marblehead, until it was mustered out on August 15, 1864.

Twelfth Company.—Captain, Charles F. Walcott, numbered 3 officers and 98 men and served without loss. It came from Cambridge, was organized and mustered into service at Readville for 90 days, May 16, 1864, and was stationed at Long's Point, Provincetown, during service, being mustered out August 15, 1864.

Thirteenth Company.—Captain, Robert W. Reeves, with 3 officers and 90 men, was from Salem; was organized and mustered into service for 90 days at Readville; served its term at Fort Clark's Point, New Bedford, and was mustered out August 15, 1864, having suffered no loss.

Fifteenth Company.—Captain, Isaac A. Jennings, numbered 3 officers and 88 men and served without loss. It came from New Bedford, was organized and mustered into service for 100 days at Readville, July 29, 1864, and was stationed during service at Fort Warren. It was mustered out November 15, 1864.

Sixteenth Company.—Captain, John F. Croff, numbered 3 officers and 83 enlisted men. It was from Boston, was organized and mustered into service for 100 days at Readville on August 6, 1864, and was stationed at Galloupe's island until mustered out on November 14, 1864.

Seventeenth Company.—Captain, John G. Barnes (100 days and one year), numbered as a 100-days' company 3 officers and 98 men and the enrollment was the same number for the one-year term. It served both terms without loss. It was organized and mustered into service for 100 days at Readville, August 5, 1864, was stationed during service at Fort Pickering, Salem, and was mustered out November 12, 1864. It reenlisted at once for a one-year term, being organized and mustered into service at Salem, November 13, 1864. It was credited to Haverhill and was mustered out June 30, 1865.

Eighteenth Company.—Captain, Otis A. Baker (100 days and one year). As a 100 days' organization it numbered 3 officers and 81 men, serving without loss; as a one-year company it numbered 3 officers and 98 men and lost 1 man by disease. It was organized and mustered into service at Readville for 100 days, August 6, 1864, was stationed at Camp Meigs, Readville, during its term and was mustered out November 14, 1864. It was reorganized for one year's service at Taunton, was mustered in December 6-7, 1864, again served at Readville, and was mustered out May 12, 1865.

Nineteenth Company.—Captains, James M. Mason (100 days), Frank A. Johnson (one year). As a 100 days' organization it numbered 3 officers and 80 men; as a one-year company it numbered 3 officers and 98 men. It was organized and mustered into service at Readville for 100 days, August 9, 1864, was stationed at Fort Warren during service, and was mustered out November 16, 1864. It reenlisted at once, was organized and mustered in at Fort Warren, November 25, 1864, was stationed at Fort Winthrop during its one year's service, and was mustered out June 27, 1865, having served both terms without loss.

Twentieth Company.—Captain Lewis Soule (100 days and one year). numbered as a 100 days' company 3 officers and 87 men; as a one-year organization 3 officers and 98 men, and served both terms without loss. It was mustered in at Readville for the 100 days' service on August 11, 1864, was stationed during this period at Fort Sewall, Marblehead, and was mustered out November 18, 1864. The following day it reenlisted for a term of one year and served at the fort at Salisbury beach, until mustered out on June 29, 1865.

Twenty-first Company.—Captains, David H. Dyer (100 days); Royal W. Thayer (one year). It numbered during both terms, 3 officers and 97 men, and served without loss. It was first organized and mustered in for 100 days at Readville, August 11, 1864; served at Long's Point, Provincetown, and was mustered out November 18, 1864. It was at once mustered in at Fall River for one year's service, and was mustered out June 28, 1865.

Twenty-second Company.—Captain, John W. Marble, numbered 3 officers and 85 men and served without loss. It was organized and mustered in at Readville for 100 days, August 18, 1864; was stationed at Camp Meigs, and was mustered out on November 25.

Twenty-third Company.—Captain, Jabez M. Lyle, consisting of 3 officers and 98 men, was organized and mustered into service for 100 days at Readville, August 18, 1864, served its term at Camp Meigs without loss, and was mustered out on November 26.

Twenty-fourth Company.—Captain, Joshua H. Wilkie, consisting of 3 officers and 09 men, was organized at Plymouth and mustered in for one year December 16-22, 1864. It was stationed during service at Camp Meigs and was mustered out on May 12, 1865.

Twenty-fifth Company.—This company carried on its rolls 3 officers and 98 men; was organized at Salem, where it was mustered into service for one year, December 9, 1864; served its term at Fort Miller, Marblehead, without loss, and was mustered out June 29, 1865.

Twenty-sixth Company Captain, Walter D. Keith, numbered 4 officers and 98 men; was organized at New Bedford and mustered into service for one year, December 13, 1864; served its term at Camp Meigs without loss, and was mustered out May 12, 1865.

Twenty-seventh Company.—Captain, Samuel C. Graves, consisting of 3 officers and 98 men, was organized at Salem and mustered in for one year, December 30, 1864, to January 9\ 1865. It was stationed during service at Fort Warren, lost 2 men by disease, and was mustered out on June 30, 1865.

Boston Cadets.—Captain, Christopher C. Holmes, numbered 10 officers and 106 men and served without loss. It was mustered into service May 26, 1862, served as garrison at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, and was mustered out July 2, 1862.

Salem Cadets.—Major, John L. Marks, consisted of 7 officers and 123 enlisted men and was mustered into the U. S. service May 26, 1862, in order to garrison Fort Warren, Boston harbor. It served there with a loss of 1 man by disease until it was mustered out October 11, 1862.

Company B, 7th Mass. Infantry.—Captain, Edward H. Staten, numbered 3 officers and 100 men and served without loss. It was from Salem, was mustered in for six months, July 1, 1862, and relieved the Boston Cadets in garrisoning Fort Warren, until mustered out on December 31, 1862.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, Robert Williams, Horace B. Sargent, Samuel E. Chamberlain; Lieut.-Colonels, Horace B. Sargent, Greely S. Curtis, Samuel E. Chamberlain, Lucius M. Sargent, Jr., John Tewksbury; Majors, William F. White, John H. Edson, Greely S. Curtis, Henry Lee Higginson, Atherton H. Stevens, Jr., Samuel E. Chamberlain, Lucius M. Sargent, Jr., T. Lawrence Motley, Benjamin W. Crowninshield, John Tewksbury, Charles G. Davis, Edward A. Flint, Amos L. Hopkins, George H. Teague. This regiment was largely composed of volunteers from existing militia organizations and embraced men from the Boston Lancers, Waltham Dragoons, North Bridgewater Dragoons, and Springfield Horse guards. It was rendezvoused at Camp Brigham, Readville, where the men began to arrive early in September, 1861. By November 1 its ranks were filled, and it was mustered into service for three years. Colonel Williams was a regular army officer and was recommended to the governor by General Winfield Scott. The 1st battalion, composed of Cos. A. B, C and D, under Major Greely S. Curtis, left the state for Annapolis, Maryland, on December 25. The 2nd and 3d battalions left on December 26 and 28, proceeding to Hilton Head, N. C., after a halt of 10 days en route in New York. They were joined here in February, 1862, by the 1st battalion. The first active service of the regiment was on the Charleston expedition in May. On August 19 the 1st and 2nd battalions joined the Army of the Potomac in Virginia, the 3d being left behind and never rejoined the regiment. Under command of Major Stevens it was engaged for several months in the performance of picket and patrol duty at Beaufort and Hilton Head, a detachment sharing in the reconnaissance to Pocotaligo October 22, 1862. During the siege of Fort Sumter in April, 1863, part of the battalion was on duty on Folly and Morris islands. On August 4, 1863, it was permanently detached from the regiment and was called the independent battalion, Mass. cavalry, under which name it engaged in the expedition to St. John's river, Florida It continued to serve as an independent battalion until February 12, 1864, when it became the 1st battalion, 4th Mass. cavalry, and its subsequent history will be given with that regiment. The 1st and 2nd battalions, with the Army of the Potomac, took part in the marches and skirmishes which preceded the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, but was not actively engaged in either battle. Meanwhile, Colonel Williams had returned to service in the regular army, and 238 recruits had been received from Massachusetts. After the battle of Fredericksburg, it went into winter quarters on Potomac creek. It shared in the action at Kelly's ford in March, 1863, and was attached to the cavalry under General Stoneman during the Chancellorsville campaign. It was engaged at Rapidan Station, and Warrenton road, and Brandy Station, and served as rear-guard at the opening of the Gettysburg campaign. It was heavily engaged at Aldie Court House, losing 24 killed, 41 wounded and 89 missing, accompanied the 6th corps on its march to Gettysburg, and after the battle returned to Westminster with a body of Confederate prisoners. During the remainder of the year it was almost incessantly on the move, scouting, skirmishing, and engaging in the exacting and arduous duties demanded of this arm of the service. In September it met with some loss at Rapidan Station, where it was exposed to a severe artillery fire, and as a part of Gregg's division, it was active in the Mine Run campaign, engaging the enemy's cavalry at New Hope Church and at Parker's store. It covered the withdrawal of the infantry on the abandonment of this campaign and was on outpost duty at Warrenton until April 21, 1864. In March, 1864, a new battalion of four companies joined the regiment to take the place of the 3d battalion, which had been detached. The regiment was once more active throughout the trying campaign of 1864 as part of the cavalry corps under General Sheridan, being attached to the 1st brigade, 2nd division. A list of its engagements during the year includes: Todd's tavern, Ashland, Salem Church, Trevilian Station, St . Mary's Church, New Market, Lee's mills, Malvern hill, Deep Bottom, Reams' station, Jerusalem road, Vaughan road, and Bellefield Station. The term of enlistment of the original members expired in September, 1864, and on October 25, all who had not reenlisted left for home to be mustered out. The veterans and recruits, including the new battalion, were reorganized and continued to serve with its old brigade and division. It spent the winter of 1864-65 in winter quarters at Westbrook house, being detached March 17, 1865, for provost duty at City Point . On May 27, it reported for escort duty to General Davies in command of the cavalry corps in the defenses of Washington, where it remained until mustered out on June 26, 1865. It reached Readville June 29, where the men were finally paid and discharged on July 24. The total enrolment of the regiment was 107 officers and 2,132 enlisted men. Its losses during service were 7 officers and 92 enlisted men, killed or died of wounds; 2 missing; 88 died by accident or disease; 57 died as prisoners.

Second Cavalry.—Colonels, Charles Russell Lowell, Caspar Crowinshield; Lieut.-Colonels, Henry S. Russell, Caspar Crowinshield, William H. Forbes, William H. Rumery; Majors, Caspar Crowninshield, DeWitt C. Thompson, William H. Forbes, George Blagden, Archibald McKendry, William M. Rumery, William C. Manning, John T. Richards, Henry E. Alvord. This regiment was organized during the winter of 1862-63, and was mustered into service at varying dates from December, 1862, to May, 1863. Co. A, the first organized, was raised in California by Captain J. Sewell Read and was mustered in at San Francisco, December 10. It reached Boston on January 3, and was applied on the quota of that city. Four more companies were mustered in at Readville during January and February and the five companies, under the command of Major Crowninshield, left the state on February 12, and went into camp at Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown, Virginia. Of the remaining seven companies, three more were recruited at Camp Meigs, Readville, during March and April. A battalion of four companies was  furnished by California, being raised by Major Thompson, and reached the general rendezvous at Readville, April 16. The last of the regiment left for Washington on May 11, moved to Poolesville, Maryland, on June 23 and went into camp. The total number on the regimental rolls was 91 officers, and 2,000 enlisted men. It lost during service by accident or disease, 2 officers, 69 enlisted men; killed and died of wounds, 8 officers and 66 enlisted men; died as prisoners, 66—total 211. Pending the formation of the remaining companies, the detachment at Gloucester Point saw considerable active service. Previous to the middle of May, portions of the command were engaged in several raids and reconnoissances and on the 15th, three companies reported to General Gordon at West Point, remaining under his command until June 1. The five companies shared in a rapid raid on the 19th, started on the 24th on an expedition which took them to within 13 miles of Richmond, and in which a large number of prisoners, including General W. H. F. Lee, and a large amount of supplies and stores were captured. After sharing in another raid of a similar nature during the first week in July, with the forces under General Dix, the command finally returned to the old camp at Gloucester Point . On August 6, this detachment joined the main body at Centerville, Virginia, and the 2nd was united with the 13th and 16th N. Y. cavalry to form a brigade under the command of Colonel Lowell. On September 15, the 3d battalion was detached under command of Major Thompson, and moved to Muddy brook, Maryland, where it remained until the following spring. During this time, the 2nd was kept busy guarding the Federal supply trains from the sudden attacks of the daring troopers of Mosby, the severest encounter taking place at Coyle tavern, where the regiment lost several in killed, wounded and prisoners. It then moved to Vienna, Virginia, and remained there during the succeeding autumn and winter. On February 22, 1864. a scouting party of 125, under Captain Read, was surprised at Dranesville and lost 10 killed, 7 wounded, and 57 prisoners, Captain Read being among the slain. On July 6, it suffered another disaster at Mt. Zion Church, near Aldie, when a detachment of 100, under Major Forbes, was attacked by Mosby's forces and badly routed, 8 being killed, 9 wounded and 38 captured. Captain Stone was mortally wounded, and Major Forbes was among the prisoners. The Confederate General Early was engaged at this time in his famous raid which threatened Washington and the 2nd was called to the defense of the capital. It was almost constantly in action during August as part of the 3d brigade, 1st cavalry division, and on Sept . 9 was transferred to the reserve brigade of the 1st division, largely composed of regulars, the brigade being commanded by Colonel Lowell. It was in numerous skirmishes prior to the battle of Winchester, Virginia, and was heavily engaged in this action, after which it moved then to the Luray valley, where it captured a battle flag and some prisoners. On September 28 it was again heavily engaged at Waynesboro and in the action near Round Top mountain, October 8, and the following day near Woodstock it performed brilliantly. It won high commendation for its part in the battle of Cedar creek, but met with a sad loss in the fatal wounding of Colonel Lowell, who had just been commissioned a brigadier-general. Lieut.-Colonel Crowninshield then assumed the command of the brigade, which followed in pursuit of the enemy as far as Mount Jackson. It was engaged in guard and scouting duty, until the close of the year, when it went into winter quarters at Winchester, Virginia, with 15 officers and about 500 men present for duty. Of the others 200 were in Southern prisons; 200 absent, wounded or sick; and more than 100 absent on detached service. On January 20, 1865, 175 recruits were added to the regiment, and on February 27, it left camp with the rest of the cavalry, under the personal lead of General Sheridan, to join the Army of the Potomac before Petersburg. This move occupied 20 days and was full of exciting incidents for the 2nd. Following the evacuation of Richmond, it moved in pursuit of the enemy until the surrender at Appomattox, then returned to Petersburg and encamped there until April 24, when it started on a movement against General Johnston's army in North Carolina. News of Johnston's surrender was soon received and the regiment moved toward Washington, where, after taking part in the grand review in May, it went into camp in Fairfax county, Virginia, until July 20, 1865, when it was mustered out at Fairfax Court House. Two days later it left for home, and the men were finally paid and discharged at Readville on August 3, after a period of 30 months spent in the most active and arduous service.

Third Cavalry.—Colonels, Thomas E. Chickering, Lorenzo D. Sargent, Burr Porter, Frederick G. Pope; Lieut.-Colonels, Ansel D. Wass, Lorenzo D. Sargent, John F. Vinal, Frederick G. Pope, David P. Muzzey; Majors, Lorenzo D. Sargent, John F. Vinal, James McGee, Jonathan E. Cowen, S. Tyler Read, David T. Bunker, Edward L. Noyes, Frederick G. Pope, David P. Muzzey, William M. Gifford, Charles Stone, John A. Comerford. This regiment was formed from four organizations already in the field, viz.: the 41st infantry, and the 1st, 2nd, and 3d companies unattached cavalry. A sketch of the 41st infantry, prior to the period of its consolidation to form the 3d cavalry, having been elsewhere given, it will be necessary to give only an outline of the previous history of the three unattached companies. Plans having been made to enlist two carefully selected companies of "Mounted Rifle Rangers," the 1st was recruited in Boston during September, 1861, by Captain S. Tyler Read, and completed its organization November 15; the 2nd was filled before the close of the year, as was a 3d company of the same nature, the last two being finally organized on December 27, 1861. The 2nd was commanded by Captain James McGee of Lowell, and the 3d, by Captain Henry A. Durivage of Boston. On January 13, 1862, the three companies sailed from Boston harbor for Ship island, Miss., where they arrived on February 12, and were organized as a battalion, under Captain Read, acting major. When General Butler's division was formed into brigades, one company was attached to each brigade. The 1st, as part of the 1st brigade, left Ship island, April 16, 1862, for New Orleans, and was stationed in its defense until May 1, 1864. The 2nd left Ship island, May 21, joined the brigade at Baton Rouge, under Major-General Williams, shared in the engagement there and when the city was evacuated, returned to New Orleans, where it remained until the spring of 1863, forming most of the time a part of Weitzel's brigade. The 3d had the misfortune to lose its captain, who was drowned in the Mississippi, April 23, 1862, and his place was filled by the appointment of Jonathan E. Cowan of the 1st company, but as he was on leave of absence, the organization served under Lieut. Perkins. The 3d was attached to Weitzel's brigade in September, 1862, and was often in action, but met with slight loss. It was encamped at Thibodeaux, Louisiana, during the winter of 1862-63. After the consolidation of the four organizations, June 17, 1863, the companies of the 41st infantry retained their original letters, while the 2nd unattached company was designated L, the 3d M, the 1st continued to be known as "Read's company," and received no letter, as the regiment had thirteen companies. The new organization remained under the command of Colonel Chickering and took part in the siege of Port Hudson, remaining at that point until the close of the year 1863, engaged in the active duties falling to the cavalry arm of the service. In the spring of 1864, it took an active part in the Red River expedition, during which it did its full duty, losing in the severe action at Sabine cross-roads, 9 men killed, 64 wounded, and 157 of the horses. On June 25 the regiment was dismounted and armed as infantry and during the following month was transferred to Maryland, where it became part of the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps. After sharing in the various movements in the Shenandoah Valley it was heavily engaged at the battle of Winchester, losing 104 officers and men out of about 600 in action. It was again engaged at Fisher's hill, and Cedar creek, losing in the latter action 77 killed and wounded. On December 28, 1864, it went into winter quarters at Pleasant Valley, Maryland, where it was again equipped as cavalry in February, 1865, and reporting to General Chapman at Winchester on March 1, engaged in scouting and other duties until April 20. Near the close of the year 1864, the three independent companies were mustered out of service, and their places were taken by one year troops from Mass. The original members of the 41st infantry were mustered out on May 20. The regiment took part in the grand review with Sheridan's cavalry corps; proceeded in June to Fort Leavenworth, Kan.; served in the States of Kansas and Nebraska during the summer, and was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, September 28, 1865. It reached Boston October 5, and three days later the men were paid and discharged at Galloupe's island. The total number in the regiment was 98 officers, 2,090 enlisted men. Its losses were 5 officers and 81 men killed or died of wounds; 3 missing; 2 officers, 13s men died by accident or disease, and 32 died as prisoners. Beginning with the muster in of the 41st regiment, it had served more than 35 months, traveled 15,000 miles, and was in more than 30 engagements.

Fourth Cavalry.—Colonels, Arnold A. Rand, Francis Washburn, Horatio Jenkins, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonels, Francis Washburn, Horatio Jenkins, Jr., Henry B. Scott; Majors, Atherton H. Stevens, David B Keith, Louis Cabot, Moses F. Webster, Henry B. Scott, Joseph I. Baker, Albert E. Ray, Edwin B. Staples. This regiment was organized on February 12, 1864. The independent battalion Mass. cavalry, then serving in South Carolina and originally a part of the 1st cavalry, constituted the 1st battalion. The 1st veteran battalion, recruited in February under Lieut.-Colonel Arnold A. Rand, became the 2nd battalion, and was mustered in by the end of the month. Early in April the 3d battalion had been filled and mustered. The regiment carried on its rolls a total of 88 officers and 1,621 enlisted men. Its losses during service were 4 officers and 22 enlisted men killed or died of wounds; 1 officer and 92 enlisted men died by accident or disease; 1 officer and 24 enlisted men as prisoners. The 2nd battalion under Major Keith, left the state on March 20, and arrived at Hilton Head, S. C., April 1. The 3d under Major Cabot, with 150 recruits for the 1st battalion, left the state April 23. The 2nd battalion, with headquarters at Hilton Head, took part in an expedition up the Ashepoo river in May. On June 6, two companies under Captain Morton moved to Jacksonville, Florida, and encamped there. In the early part of August, the detachment formed part of an expedition up the St. John's river to Palatka, engaging the enemy at Palatka, Magnolia and Gainesville, with a loss during the expedition of 6 killed and 50 captured, including 3 officers. On October 17, Major Keith having resigned, Captain Webster was promoted to the position. A detachment, under Captain Staples, took part in an expedition to St. John's island, S. C., in July, suffering a small loss in the various skirmishes from the 2nd to the 9th. The battalion remained stationed at Hilton Head and Jacksonville by detachments until the close of the war, but no part of it was again heavily engaged after the battle of Gainesville. On reaching Hilton Head, the 3d battalion was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and reported to General Butler, encamping at Newport News until May 23. It then moved to City Point, Virginia, and there established headquarters. The 1st battalion, under command of Captain Richmond, arrived from the south on May 8, and participated in the movements of the Army of the James during the rest of May. In June the command took part in the cavalry operations against Petersburg, being in action at Drewry’s bluff and Bermuda Hundred. Cos. E and H were on detached duty in June at the headquarters of the 18th corps. On August 15 the 1st and 3d battalions, under command of Colonel Rand, became a part of the 10th corps and took part in the operations before Petersburg. They were so engaged until the opening of the spring campaign in 1865. Meanwhile four companies had been detached for service with the 24th and 25th corps, remaining on this detail until their muster out. Cos. E and H with the 25th corps were the first troops to enter Richmond when it was evacuated on the morning of April 3. Cos. I, L and M under Colonel Washburn were at the headquarters of the Army of the James, commanded by General Ord. On April 6, 1865, this little force of 13 officers and 67 men were almost annihilated in the effort to hold High bridge over the Appomattox, where in three desperate charges against overwhelming odds, 8 of the officers were killed or wounded, among the mortally wounded being the gallant Colonel Washburn. After the surrender of General Lee, all the detachments of the regiment were united at Richmond and remained there on duty during the summer and autumn. On November 14, 1865, the regiment was mustered out and the same month returned to Boston, the men being paid and finally discharged at Galloupe's island on the 26th.

Fifth Cavalry.—Colonels, Henry S. Russell, Charles F. Adams, Samuel E. Chamberlain; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles F. Adams, Horace N. Weld; Majors, Horace N. Weld, Zabdiel B. Adams, Henry F. Bowditch, Albert R. Howe, Charles C. Parsons, Cyrus C. Emery. This was the only regiment of colored cavalry organized in Massachusetts. It was recruited during the autumn and winter of 1863-64, and was mustered into the U. 5. service by companies at dates ranging from January to May, 1864. The total enrolment of the regiment was 61 officers and 1,325 men. Its losses during service were 5 killed, 121 died by accident or disease, and 2 died as prisoners. The 1st battalion, comprising Cos. A, B, C and D, having been mustered in January, 1864, left the state for Washington on May 5, under command of Major Horace N. Weld, and on the 13th, serving as infantry, reported at Camp Casey, where a provisional brigade of colored troops was being formed for purposes of instruction and discipline. The 2nd battalion, comprising Cos. E, F, G and H, was mustered during February and March, and under Major Z. B. Adams left for Washington May 6. The 3d battalion, composed of Cos. I, K, L and M, left the state May 8, under command of Major Bowditch, and all three were united at Camp Casey by the middle of May. The regiment was immediately ordered to report to General Butler at Fortress Monroe, where it was equipped as infantry and was assigned to the 3d division, 18th corps at West Point, Virginia, on the 16th. Here several weeks were spent in drill, guard and picket duty, with occasional expeditions, and the regiment took part in its first serious engagement at Baylor's farm on the Petersburg road, June 15, meeting with a loss of 3 killed and 19 wounded. Among the wounded were Colonel Russell and Mai. Adams, and Major Bowditch now assumed command of the regiment. It served before Petersburg as part of Wild's brigade, Hinks' division, 18th corps, until June 29, when it was assigned to the 10th corps and served at Point Lookout, Maryland, as garrison for a camp of Confederate prisoners. It remained on this station until the opening of the final campaign in February, 1865. Colonel Russell resigned on February 14, 1865, and Lieut.-Colonel Adams was promoted to the vacancy. The regiment now had a full complement of officers for the first time and took part in the final siege of Petersburg. After the fall of that stronghold it encamped near City Point until June, when it was ordered to Clarksville, Tex., where it remained until it was mustered out, Oct . 31, 1865. Colonel Adams, having resigned on August 1, on account of sickness, Lieut.-Colonel Chamberlain, late of the 1st Mass. cavalry, was commissioned to fill the vacancy and at once joined his new command. He did much to improve the sanitary condition of the regiment, as the command had suffered severely in health in the South. After its muster out, the regiment returned to Massachusetts, and was finally paid and discharged from the service in the latter part of November.

First Battalion Frontier Cavalry.—This organization was composed of five companies which were recruited in December, 1864, and were mustered into service for one year on December 30, 1864, and January 2, 1865. The organization was designed to guard against raids across the Canadian frontier by the hostile elements in Canada. The battalion, under command of Major Burr Porter, left the state soon after its muster, and joined the 26th N. Y. cavalry, with which it served on the New York frontier until the end of the war, being mustered out on June 30, 1865. The total strength of the battalion was 20 officers and 502 enlisted men. Two of its members died of disease.

First Regiment Heavy Artillery.—Colonels, William B. Greene, Thomas R. Tannatt; Lieut.-Colonels, Samuel C. Oliver, Levi P. Wright, Nathaniel Shatswell, Horace Holt; Majors, Levi P. Wright, Andrew Washburn, Frank A. Rolfe, Seth S. Buxton, Nathaniel Shatswell, Alonzo G. Draper, Horace Holt, Edward A. Chandler, Frank Davis, Benjamin C. Atkinson, Charles H. Hayes. The 1st Mass. heavy artillery was originally organized as the 14th Mass. infantry, (q. v.) and on January 1, 1862, was transformed into an artillery regiment. Fifty recruits were added to each company, two additional companies were formed, and as reorganized the total strength of the regiment was 135 officers, 2,495 enlisted men. The record of its losses during service was 9 officers and 202 enlisted men killed and died of wounds; 4 missing; 2 officers and 113 men died by accident or disease, and 156 died as prisoners. After the reorganization the regiment continued to serve in the defenses of Washington during the spring and early summer, but was ordered to the front during General Pope's Virginia campaign. It was present but not in action at the second battle of Manassas, after which it returned to Washington and continued to serve in the various forts about the city. On September 27, a battalion of two companies was detached and served at Maryland heights until in December, 1863. Co. I of this battalion met with loss at Winchester, June 14, 1863, when Captain Martin and 44 men were made prisoners. A few weeks later Co. H was engaged in a sharp skirmish with the enemy across the river at Harper's Ferry. On November 30, 1863, the battalion was relieved and reported to the regiment in front of Washington. When the Wilderness campaign opened in 1864, the regiment acting as infantry, joined the Army of the Potomac near Spottsylvania Court House, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, Tyler's division—composed for the most part of heavy artillery regiments —2nd corps. The regiment had its first severe engagement on the Fredericksburg road, near Spottsylvania, suffering a loss of 55 killed, 312 wounded and 27 missing, but displaying good fighting qualities in its first hard battle. It was soon after assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, and took part in the engagements at the North Anna river and Cold Harbor. Crossing the James River on June 14, it shared in the assaults on the works in front of Petersburg on the 16th and 18th, afterward moving to the Jerusalem plank road. It took part in the battle of Weldon railroad, losing 9 killed, 48 wounded, 185 captured. Among the killed was Captain Jos. W. Kimball. During July, the original members of the regiment who had not reenlisted were mustered out of service and returned to Massachusetts. The others, maintaining the regimental organization, were actively engaged during the remainder of the siege of Petersburg. After the fall of that stronghold it shared in the pursuit of the Confederates and on the surrender of General Lee it returned once more to Washington, where it served as a garrison for the forts in the vicinity until its muster out in August. It returned to Boston, August 20, 1865, and was finally paid and discharged there on the 25th.

Second Regiment, Heavy Artillery.—Colonel, Jones Frankle; Lieut.-Colonel, Augustus B. R. Sprague; Majors, Samuel C. Oliver, William A. Amory, Henry T. Lawson, Nehemiah P. Fuller. The 2nd heavy artillery was organized in the summer of 1863 for service in the department of Virginia and North Carolina. The total strength of the regiment was 102 officers, and 2,830 enlisted men. Its losses during service were 9 killed or died of wounds; 1 1 missing; 166 died by accident or disease; 172 as prisoners. The various companies were mustered in at different dates, viz.: A on July 28, 1863; B, July 29; C, August 4; D, August 22; E, October 5; F, Oct . 8; and G, H, I, K, L and M from December 7 to 24. Massachusetts regiments in the field furnished all the original officers. Cos. A, B, C and D, forming the 1st battalion, left the state September 5 for New Berne, N. C., garrisoned the forts in that vicinity, until joined in November by Cos. E and F. The remaining six companies left the state on January 8, 1864, and were stationed at first with the headquarters at Norfolk, Virginia, Cos. G and H, being soon afterwards detached for service at Plymouth, N. C. When the Confederates captured Plymouth April 20, 1864, these two companies under captains Sampson and Fiske, suffered a most disastrous loss. During the three days' engagement 9 were killed or mortally wounded and about 275 were captured. Only 35 of these survived the terrible hardships of prison life, and were exchanged at the conclusion of the war. In May, 1864, the headquarters of the regiment were transferred to New Berne, N. C. During the months of August and September more than 375 recruits were added, the surplus men being transferred to the 17th Mass. infantry. An epidemic of yellow fever carried off many of the men in the autumn. No cases occurred in camp, but the men on detail in the city were severely affected. When the year 1865 opened, two companies were stationed in Virginia, four in Plymouth, N. C., and the other six at New Berne. In March, 1865, five companies, under Lieut.-Colonel Sprague, were engaged in the vicinity of Kinston, N. C., and afterwards served for a time as provost guard at Kinston. The regiment was united for a time at New Berne in June and July, and then served in detachments at Wilmington, N. C., Smithville and Fort Fisher until it returned to Massachusetts and was finally paid and discharged at Galloupe's island, September 23, 1865.

Third Regiment, Heavy Artillery—Colonel, William S. Abert; Lieut. Colonel, John A. P. Allen; Majors, George S. Worcester, Lyman B. Whiton, James M. Richardson. This regiment was organized in the autumn of 1864 and was composed of twelve companies previously known as the 3d and 6th to 16th unattached companies of heavy artillery. Eight of these companies had been mustered into service in 1863; the 3d on January 10, the 6th on May 19, and the others at various dates from August to November, 1864. They had been used to garrison the forts on the Massachusetts coast In the spring of 1864, they were ordered to Washington for service in the defenses of the capital. At the request of Governor Andrew, they were finally given a regimental organization, and four additional companies were raised during the summer to complete the regiment. The 13th company was mustered in January, 1864, the 14th and 15th in May, and the 16th in August. The regiment continued to garrison the various forts about Washington (with the exception of Co. I, which was on detached duty), throughout its term of service. Co. I never actually joined the regiment. It was mainly composed of men from Springfield; was mustered into service February 10, 1864; sailed for Fortress Monroe, March 7; and was assigned to engineer duty under Captain F. U. Farquhar, chief engineer, Department of Virginia. He placed it in charge of the pontoon trains of the Army of the James, and it was engaged throughout its term of service in the manifold duties of this branch of the service, building bridges, roads and wharves, having charge of the pontoon bridge across the James river during the siege of Petersburg and of the bridges at Farmville. It also built and maintained the pontoon bridge across the Appomattox uniting the Armies of the James and the Potomac. It was mustered out on September 26, 1865. Part of the main regiment was mustered out on June 17, 1865, and the remainder, September 18, 1865. Its total strength was 94 officers, 1,844 enlisted men. Its only losses were 2 officers and 39 enlisted men, who died by accident or disease.

Fourth Regiment, Heavy Artillery.—Colonel, William S. King; Lieut. Colonel, Samuel C. Hart; Majors, Francis E. Boyd, William N. Meserve, Joseph W. Gelray. The number on the regimental rolls of the 4th was 72 officers, 1,769 enlisted men. One officer and 20 enlisted men died by accident or disease during its service. The regiment was recruited for one year's service, and was composed of the 17th to 28th unattached companies of heavy artillery, which were mustered into service in August, 1864. They were consolidated into a regiment by Special Order of the war department, dated November 12, 1864. The several companies left the state in three detachments about the middle of September, 1864, and were stationed on garrison duty in the defenses of Washington during their entire term of service. The regiment was mustered out of service June 17, 1865.

First Battalion, Heavy Artillery.—Majors, Stephen Cabot, John W. M. Appleton. The total strength of the battalion was 39 officers, 1,285 enlisted men, and its only loss during service was 15 men, who died by accident or disease. The organization was originally composed of the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th unattached companies of heavy artillery, but two companies of one year men were added in the summer of 1864. Co. A (1st unattached) was formed early in 1862 and was designed for service in the forts of Boston harbor. It was the first of the many companies raised for this purpose, nearly all of which were subsequently organized into regiments of heavy artillery and sent to the front. Co. B (2nd unattached), was organized in the autumn of 1862, and with the preceding company served as heavy artillery organizations at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, until the spring of 1863. Co. C (4th unattached), was mustered into service April 22, 1863; Co. D (5th unattached), was mustered in on June 6, 1863. These four companies were at this time united to form the 1st battalion, which was enlarged by the addition of Cos. E and F in August, 1864, and which were mustered in for one year's service. The battalion performed garrison duty at the forts in Boston harbor during its entire term of service, though it furnished many detachments for service in the other forts along the Massachusetts coast. Cos. B, E and F were mustered out in June, 1865, and the remaining three in September and October of the same year.

Twenty-ninth Unattached Company, Heavy Artillery.—Captain, George W. Kenney. This Organization numbered 5 officers and 152 enlisted men and was mustered into service in the latter part of August, 1864. It left the state for Washington on October 29, and served on garrison duty in the forts of that city until it was mustered out, June 16, 1865. Two men died of disease and constituted its sole loss.

Thirtieth Unattached Company, Heavy Artillery.—Captain, Samuel R. Bingham. This organization numbered 4 officers and 146 enlisted men and had no losses during service. It was mustered into the U. S. service in the early part of September, 1864, and left on the 26th for Washington, where it was employed throughout its term of service, and was mustered out at the same time as the 29th company.

First Battery, Light Artillery.—Major, Asa M. Cook; Captains, Josiah Porter, William H. McCartney. Its total enrolment in the three months' service was 9 officers, 107 men; in the three years' service, 8 officers, 261 men. Its losses during service were 7 killed or died of wounds; 12 died by accident or disease; 1 died in Confederate prison. At the outbreak of the war the 1st battery was a militia organization called the Boston Light Artillery, or Cook's battery. It was the only artillery command sent from Mass. under the first call for troops and left the state April 21, 1861, in company with the 5th infantry. It arrived at Annapolis on the 24th and moved to Relay house May 4, remaining here during most of its term. It was mustered into the U. S. service May 18, and was mustered out August 2, 1861, reaching Boston the following day. It was almost immediately reorganized for the three years' service, with a new list of officers in conformity to the U. S. requirements. It left the state October 3, 1861, for Washington, remained for a few weeks at Camp Duncan, then joined Franklin's division and crossed into Virginia, and was stationed for the winter near Fairfax seminary. In the spring of 1862 its division formed a part of the 1st corps under General McDowell, was present at the siege of Yorktown and later went into position at West Point for its first action. It took part in all the movements of Franklin's division until the organization of the 6th corps, when it entered upon the Peninsular campaign as a part of the 1st division of this corps, and its subsequent history is identified with this command. During this campaign it took part in the battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines' mill, and was active at Glendale and Malvern hill. After the battle of Malvern hill, the battery remained in camp at Harrison's landing until the Army of the Potomac was called north to assist General Pope. It was in action at Crampton's pass and Burkittsville, Maryland; shared in the march to Fredericksburg in November, and was heavily engaged in the battle there the following month. During the winter of 1862, it was encamped at White Oak Church, Virginia, and the ensuing year it was engaged in the Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Mine Run campaigns. It was then in winter quarters—1863-64—at Brandy Station, where many of its members reenlisted for an additional term of three years. It was not engaged at the battle of the Wilderness, but was active at the Po river, and at the battles of Spottsylvania Court House and Cold Harbor. It moved to Petersburg on June 17, 1864, and served in that vicinity until its corps was called to Washington July 9. It then shared in the various movements of its corps until the following September, taking an active part in the battles of Winchester and Fisher's hill. After the latter the veterans not reenlisted left the battery and the remaining men participated in the battle of Cedar creek, then, after a short term of service with the 5th U. S. artillery, they were transferred to the 9th Mass. battery, with which they completed their term of service. It was mustered out October 19, 1864.

Second Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Ormand F. Nims, William Marland. The total strength of the battery was 12 officers, 351 men. Its losses during service were 2 killed, and 23 died of disease. This organization was recruited in Boston during April and May, 1861, by Major Cobb and was the first battery sent forward for three years. It was mustered into the U. S. service, July 31, 1861, left the state on August 8, arrived at Baltimore on the 12th, and remained in garrison there until February 25, 1862, save for 41 days while on an expedition under General Lockwood through the eastern counties of Maryland and Virginia. It was then ordered to join General Butler's expedition against New Orleans, moved to Fortress Monroe February 26, and left for New Orleans on April 19, 1862. On its arrival in Louisiana, it was assigned to General Williams's brigade and encamped at Baton Rouge, until it engaged in the Vicksburg expedition of June and July. Returning to Baton Rouge July 26, it could, on August 4, muster only 21 men fit for duty, out of 140 members, the others all being sick. Securing a detail of 30 men from the 9th Conn. infantry, they were hastily drilled and the battery won much praise for its efficient service the next day in the battle at Baton Rouge. It then moved to New Orleans and encamped there until December 27. When General Banks succeeded to the command of the Department of the South in December, Nims' battery was assigned to the 4th division, 19th corps, returned to Baton Rouge and remained in winter quarters there until March, 1863. On March 13 it joined the expedition to the rear of Port Hudson. On its return it shared in the Bayou Teche expedition—April-May, 1863—and on May 25, was once more in position before Port Hudson. It rendered important service during the siege and after the surrender of the fortress, returned to Baton Rouge, July 11. It then moved to Donaldsonville, Louisiana, for two weeks; to Carrollton for a week, arrived in New Orleans August 6, remaining there until September 17. It shared in an expedition into the interior of Louisiana in September, being engaged at Vermilion and Carrion Crow bayous. The battery remained encamped at Carrion Crow bayou, New Iberia, and Franklin until March, 1864, when it participated in the Red River campaign. It met with a serious disaster in the battle of Sabine cross-roads, when, after an heroic resistance, all its guns were captured, 2 men killed and 18 wounded, 5 of the wounded being captured, together with 7 unwounded men. In addition to the loss of the guns and caissons, 82 horses were either killed or wounded. When the routed Union forces reached Grand Ecore on the 10th, the battery was ordered to New Orleans, as it was without equipment. At Carrollton it was supplied with light guns, but the guns were transferred to the 6th Mass. battery, and early in July the 2nd was equipped with four 3-inch rifled guns and quartered at the Apollo stables. On September 2 it moved to Morganza, and encamped there for the winter. The original members of the battery, with the exception of 23 who had reenlisted, were mustered out on August 16, 1864. The organization, however, was continued, being made up of the reenlisted men and recruits received from time to time. Captain Nims resigned on January 7, 1865, and Lieut. Marland was promoted to the vacancy. It was sent by ship to Florida, in March, 1865, then marched westward through the swamps to share in the operations about Mobile. After the surrender of Fort Blakely it moved with a column of infantry toward Claiborne, Alabama Its last serious engagement was at Daniels' plantation, April 11. During the ensuing seven weeks it was engaged almost constantly in exhaustive marches and suffered great losses in animals and equipment. On June 4 it reached Vicksburg, having traveled over 1,600 miles since landing in Florida, and remained here until July 22, it left for Massachusetts. It was mustered out at Boston, August 11, 1865.

Third Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Dexter H. Follett, Augustus P. Martin. This battery carried on its rolls 1 1 officers and 250 enlisted men. Its loss during service was 1 officer, 1 1 men killed or died of wounds, and 11 men by accident or disease. The battery was recruited in the summer of 1861, by Dexter H. Follett, from among the friends of Senator Henry Wilson, colonel of the 22nd infantry. It was mustered into the U. S. service October 5, 1861, and left for Washington on the 8th, in company with the 22nd infantry. It passed the winter of 1861-62 in and around Washington and took part in the advance of the Army of the Potomac into Virginia in the spring of 1862. One-half of the battery was engaged on April 5 in front of Yorktown, and again at Hanover Court House, May 27. It was in reserve at the battle of Mechanicsville, took part at Gaines' mill, losing 1 gun and 3 caissons, and its next engagement was at Malvern hill, July 1, where it suffered no loss. During the remainder of the year it was in no serious engagement and was not again in action as a whole until the battle of Gettysburg. It accompanied the 5th corps in all its movements; a section under Lieut. Cargill shared in a reconnoissance to Leesburg, Virginia, reached Fredericksburg the day after the battle; took part in the "Mud March" in January, 1863, and was in position, but not actively engaged at Chancellorsville. After Gettysburg it shared the marches of the 5th corps during the summer and autumn but was not in action. It went into winter quarters at Bealeton Station, Virginia, remaining there from December, 1863, to May 1, 1864, when it joined the 5th corps at Culpeper, and fought with it in the battle of the Wilderness, being one of the few batteries there engaged. On May 8 it went into position at Laurel hill, where it remained for 5 days, frequently in action. Its loss here was 9 wounded, including Captain Martin. An order reduced all the batteries to 4 guns at this time and 2 of its guns were turned in to the ordnance department. It was engaged at the North Anna river, and Shady Grove Church, Virginia, from May 30 to June 3, having 2 men and 13 horses killed and 1 man wounded. It sustained no loss at Cold Harbor, and moved to Petersburg on June 18, being almost continuously in action until August 13, 1864, but suffering a loss of only 2 men killed. It accompanied the 2nd division, 5th corps, in the expedition against the Weldon railroad, and on August 23, 1864, relieved the 11th battery near Globe tavern, remaining there until the expiration of its term of service. At the end of that month the reenlisted men and recruits were transferred to the 5th Mass. battery, and the remainder of the command, 3 officers and 86 men reached Boston, Sept . 9. After a furlough of a week they were mustered out on the 16th.

Fourth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Charles H. Manning, George G. Trull. The total enrolment of this battery was 11 officers, 291 men. Its loss during service was 1 officer and 1 man killed and 46 by accident or disease. It was composed chiefly of men from Essex and Middlesex counties, Captain Manning's artillery section of Salem forming the nucleus; it was mustered in, November 18, 1861, and on the 20th embarked for Ship island, Miss., the rendezvous of General Butler's New Orleans expedition. It was among the troops present at the surrender of Forts Jackson and St. Philip; debarked at New Orleans on May 2, and three days later proceeded to Carrollton, where it remained until June 16, 1862. On that date one section under Lieut. Taylor reported to Lieut.-Colonel Kimball of the 12th Maine, crossed Lake Pontchartrain and went into action at Pass Manchac, Louisiana. The battery as a whole was not engaged until the battle of Baton Rouge, August 5, 1862, where it lost 1 killed and 5 wounded in addition to many of the horses. It remained at Baton Rouge until the 21st, when it moved to Carrollton and occupied Camp Williams. On October 5 one section reported at Algiers, and on the 28th, the rest of the command moved to Fort Pike, where the health of the men materially improved. October 20, Captain Manning resigned, and was succeeded by Lieut . Trull of Nims' battery. The sections remaining at Fort Pike engaged in several expeditions by water, being engaged without loss at Bonfouca, November 26, 1862, and again on December 23. While the main portion of the battery was thus engaged, the other section under Lieut . Briggs accompanied General Weitzel's brigade through the La Fourche district and was sharply engaged at Labadieville. In March, 1863, the battery, which had been reunited during the winter at New Orleans, was attached to the 3d division, 19th corps, General Emory commanding, and took part in the movement to the rear of Port Hudson. Later it took part in the siege of that place and after the surrender was attached to the 3d brigade, 3d division, which returned to Baton Rouge. On September 19 it was ordered to Brashear City, and reached there on the 23d. With the 3d division, 19th corps, it engaged in the Bayou Teche expedition, being engaged at Vermilion bayou, October 9, and again on November 11. At the beginning of 1864, nearly all the members of the battery reenlisted and were on furlough of 30 days from February 11, 1864. On the return of the men to New Orleans the battery was quartered at the tobacco warehouse, where it was equipped as infantry and drilled until the end of June. It was then moved to the Apollo stables, provided with a light artillery equipment, and on September 5 was transferred to Morganza, where it took part in an expedition to Bayou Fordoche on the 16th, a section, under Lieut. Manning, being engaged in a skirmish all the following day as far as the Atchafalaya river. On November 28 it was transferred to Memphis, Tenn., then encamped at Kennerville, Louisiana, and near Fort Gaines, Alabama, until March 17, when it participated in the operations against Mobile attached to the 1st division, 13th corps. Mobile was occupied by the Union forces on April 12, and after a march to Bellrose, the battery was transported to the captured city on the 15th, remaining there until July 1, when it was ordered to Galveston, Tex., and remained in that vicinity until its return to Boston, where it was mustered out, November 10, 1865.

Fifth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Max Eppendorff, George D. Allen, Charles A. Phillips. The total strength of the battalion was 14 officers and 324 enlisted men. Its casualties during service were 1 officer, and 15 men killed or died of wounds and 1 1 men died by accident or disease. It was mustered into the U. S. service at various times during the months of September, October and November, 1861, the muster being completed on December 10. It left Readville December 25 for Washington, and remained there until February 13, 1862, when it moved to Hall's hill, Virginia, where it encamped until the middle of March, attached to General Fitz John Porter's division. It participated in the Peninsular campaign, was engaged April 4 at Howard's mill and remained near there until the evacuation of Yorktown. The battles of Gaines' mill and Malvern hill followed, after which, owing to its heavy losses, the men were temporarily assigned to the 4th R. I., and the 3d Mass. batteries. In October the 5th battery, reorganized, was attached to the 1st division, 5th corps, at Sharpsburg, Maryland. It participated in the battle of Fredericksburg and the "Mud March" of January, 1863, and went into winter quarters near Stoneman's switch, where it remained until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign, in which it was active, as it was also at Gettysburg. It shared in the strategic movements of the Army of the Potomac during the summer; was in action at Rappahannock Station; moved with the army in the Mine Run campaign, and spent the winter of 1863-64 at Rappahannock Station. It was active at the battle of the Wilderness, but was not again engaged until May 12, at Spottsylvania. At Bethesda Church, it was attached to Griffin's division and took part in the battle. At Petersburg, it was engaged on June 18; was present at the battle of the Crater, and with the 5th corps was engaged at the Weldon railroad, August 21. It continued in service as a veteran organization going into winter quarters near the Jerusalem plank road. It participated in the assault on Petersburg, April 1-2, 1865, after which it moved to City Point and became a part of the 2nd brigade, artillery reserve. On June 12, 1865, the battery was mustered out at Readville.

Sixth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Charles Everett, William W. Carruth, John F. Phelps, Edward K. Russell. The total number of members was 12 officers and 350 men, of whom 6 men were killed or died of wounds, and 1 officer and 47 men met death by accident or disease. The 6th battery recruited at Lowell, was mustered into the U. S. service during December, 1861, and January, 1862, for three years. It embarked at Boston harbor February 8 for Ship island, Miss., where it went into camp on March 8. It took part in the expedition against New Orleans; was divided for duty near the city; reunited at Baton Rouge; and engaged in the Vicksburg expedition, leaving a detail to garrison Baton Rouge. The men suffered a great deal from malarial diseases, yet they defended the city of Baton Rouge heroically against the attack of August 5, when the battery's losses were so heavy that volunteers from the infantry were required to man the guns. After this battle the battery moved to Carrollton. It joined in the expeditions to Donaldsonville and Bayou La Fourche under General Weitzel and its winter quarters during 1862-63 were at Thibodeaux. On April 12, 1863, it was attached to the 1st division, 10th corps, with which it was active at Fort Bisland, and in May it moved to Port Hudson, where it participated in the operations of the siege. After the surrender it was ordered to Donaldsonville; was engaged at Bayou La Fourche, and moved to Thibodeaux, where it encamped until September 25. In October it was sent to Berwick bay, and in November, to New Iberia, where it spent the winter. On January 5, 1864, 56 members reenlisted, but were not allowed their veteran furlough until April. On their return they arrived at New Orleans on June 8, and remained there the rest of the year. By order of the war department, January 20, 1865, the original members were sent to Boston and mustered out, but with the addition of 46 transferred men and 75 recruits the organization was maintained, and remained in New Orleans. Against the desire of General Canby, the war department ordered that all the volunteer light artillery in the department of the Gulf should be mustered out, and the 6th was discharged at Readville, August 10, 1865.

Seventh Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Phineas Alonzo Davis, Newman W. Storer. The battery numbered 13 officers, and 349 men, of whom s men were killed or died of wounds, and 1 officer and 30 men died by accident or disease. It was recruited at Lowell as an infantry company, called the Richardson Light Infantry, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years at Boston May 21, 1861. It embarked for Fortress Monroe May 22, and performed provost duty there until December 25, when it engaged in artillery drill and was reorganized as the 7th Mass. battery on March 17, 1862. As infantry it joined in the expedition to Norfolk May 10, returned to Fortress Monroe, and when completely equipped as a battery, left for Newport News on June 19. The months of August and September were spent in camp at Yorktown, after which it was at Suffolk, until January, 1863. During an expedition to the Blackwater river the battery took part in a sharp engagement at Deserted house, January 30. It was engaged at Franklin; in active duty during the siege of Suffolk; took part in the engagements at Providence Church road, and the expedition to Carrsville; was ordered to Washington in July, and on August 21, to New York city to prevent further draft riots. In September it returned to Washington and remained at Camp Barry until the end of the year. Late in January, 1864, it embarked for New Orleans, where it was assigned to the 2nd division, 19th corps, under General Grover, and started for Brashear City, but returned to New Orleans. During April the battery was posted at Alexandria, with the exception of one section which was located at Pineville. On May 4 it went on an expedition to Wilson's plantation; with its division it took part in the engagement at Mansura; then proceeded to Morganza bend and went into camp, and no important action occurred during the remainder of the year. In January, 1865, the battery embarked for Kennerville, Louisiana, and on February 9, for Dauphin island, Alabama, to take part in the operations against Mobile. On March 18 it was assigned to the 1st division, 13th corps; was engaged daily at Spanish Fort from March 27 to April 8; shared in the assault on Fort Blakely the following day, and entered Mobile on the 15th. After several expeditions in Alabama, it embarked on June 30 for Galveston; moved to Houston, but returned to Galveston and soon afterward to New Orleans. It sailed for Massachusetts on October 14, and was mustered out at Galloupe's island, November 10, 1865.

Eighth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Asa M. Cook. The 8th battery (militia) numbered 6 officers and 148 men, of whom 6 met death from accident or disease, and 1 in action. It was recruited at Boston and was mustered in from May 26 to June 25, 1862, for six months. It left Boston on June 25 for Washington, where it was assigned to Cook's brigade, Sturgis's reserve corps, and went into camp near Fairfax seminary, until August i1, when it was attached to the 1st division, 9th corps, which it joined at Falmouth. It was with the Army of Virginia, under General Pope; guarded Barnett's ford; a detachment was engaged at Sulphur Springs; it participated in the battles of the second Bull Run and Chantilly; was active at South mountain and Antietam, and was highly praised for its valor by General Willcox. It was then ordered to Washington, where it again joined the Army of the Potomac and remained in service until November 29, when it was mustered out at Washington.

Ninth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Achille De Vecchi, John Bigelow, Richard S. Milton. The 9th battery numbered 11 officers and 320 men, of whom 2 officers and 12 men were killed or died of wounds, and 7 men died by accident or disease. It entered the U. S. service for a three years' term, its muster being completed August 10, 1862. Its members were mainly from Boston and vicinity. On September 3 it left for Washington and remained at or near that city until April 17, 1863, when it moved to Centerville, Virginia. At the opening of the Gettysburg campaign, with the 1st volunteer brigade, artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac, it arrived at Taneytown, Maryland, on June 30. In the battle of Gettysburg its loss was very severe on July 2, while protecting the rear of the artillery on the left of the Union lines. It followed the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac during the ensuing summer and autumn, including the Mine Run campaign, and went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. It was in reserve at the battle of the Wilderness; was present at Spottsylvania and the North Anna river, and took part in the actions at Totopotomy creek and on the Mechanicsville road. It shared in the operations before Petersburg; participated in several engagements; pursued the Confederates to Nottaway Court House, and moved to Washington via Petersburg and City Point. It was mustered out at Galloupe's island, June 6, 1865.

Tenth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captains, Jacob Henry Sleeper, J. Webb Adams. The 10th battery numbered 9 officers and 257 men, of whom 2 officers and 8 men were killed or died of wounds, 11 men died from accident or disease, and 3 in prison. It was recruited at Boston and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 9, 1862, at Boxford. It left Boston October 14 for Washington, and remained near the city until the end of the year. On December 27, it moved to Poolesville, Maryland, and was stationed there until June 24, 1863, when it joined the force under General French at Harper's Ferry. This force was attached to the 3d corps, Army of the Potomac, in July and was engaged at Auburn, Kelly's ford, and in the Mine Run campaign. The winter camp was at Brandy Station and in the spring of 1864 the battery was assigned to the 2nd corps. It took part in the engagements at the Po river, Cold Harbor, the siege of Petersburg and Deep Bottom. At Reams' station its losses were severe and 4 of its guns were captured after a desperate defense. On October 27, at Hatcher's run, Lieuts. Granger and Smith were fatally wounded, and at the same place, in February, 1865, it was twice in action and was highly complimented for its heroic resistance. After the surrender of Lee's army it moved to Washington and remained there for a fortnight, when it was ordered home. It was mustered out at Galloupe's island, June 9, 1865.

Eleventh Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Edward Jenkins Jones. The 11th numbered 5 officers and 147 men, of whom 2 men were mortally wounded, 11 died from accident or disease and 1 died in prison. The battery was composed mainly of Boston men, was the only nine months' battery from the state, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Readville, August 25, 1862. It left Boston on Oct . 3 for Washington and was stationed at or near Centerville, Virginia, on picket duty, during its entire term. On January 2, 1864, it was remustered for the three years' service, left for Washington February 5, and remained there until April 9, when it was assigned to the 2nd division, 9th corps, of the Army of the Potomac. It was present at the Wilderness, engaged at the North Anna river with the 2nd corps, and at the Weldon railroad with the 5th corps. It shared in the operations before Petersburg, from June 17, 1864, to March 24, 1865; was active in repelling the attack upon Fort Stedman, and after the fall of Petersburg, joined in the pursuit of the vanquished army to Appomattox. Returning to Washington, it was ordered home and mustered out at Readville, June 16, 1865.

Twelfth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Jacob Miller. The 12th numbered 7 officers and 261 men, and lost during service 24 men by accident and disease. It was recruited late in the year 1862 at Camp Meigs, Readville, and was mustered in by detachments, the last on December 26. It embarked at Boston January 3, 1863, for New Orleans, and arrived there early in February. For about a month it was quartered at the Apollo stables, then moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where it served during the month of March, and in April was mounted and equipped as cavalry for a short time. On April 17, the battery was ordered to Brashear City, where it was engaged in the defense of transports until May 23, when it returned to New Orleans and remained on duty at various stations throughout the remainder of the summer of 1863. A detachment which had been on duty at Port Hudson during the siege joined the main body at New Orleans in July. It was then stationed at Port Hudson from October 15 until the end of its term of service, the long period being marked by no events of importance and the time chiefly occupied in foraging and reconnoitering expeditions by detachments, the most important of which occurred on May 6, 1864, when the battery, with a regiment of infantry and one of cavalry, encountered and drove back a force of the enemy which had penetrated to within a few miles of Port Hudson. It took part in other expeditions, May 29, June 18 and August 24, 1864, and 25 men of the battery were mounted and detailed as cavalry for service against guerrillas, during the summer. Its record of 75 deserters was bad but it must be remembered that the company was recruited by brokers, who gathered much worthless material, and the many brave men in the command should not be made to suffer for the faithlessness of others. The battery was mustered out on July 25, 1865.

Thirteenth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Charles H. J. Hamlin. This battery numbered 7 officers and 269 men, of whom 26 died by accident and disease during service. It was recruited at Camp Meigs, Readville, during the fall and early winter of 1862, the final muster taking place Dec . 13. On January 20, 1863, it embarked at Boston for New Orleans, but on account of a series of severe storms the vessel was obliged to put in at Fortress Monroe, the battery having lost 57 horses during the passage. It remained at Camp Hamilton, Virginia, for about six weeks, when it again embarked for New Orleans and arrived there on May 10. While stationed there it obtained a number of recruits from regiments whose time had nearly expired, which brought the command to the required standard in numbers. In June it moved to Port Hudson, where it served in two detachments, one under Captain Hamlin, the other under Lieut . Terry, each having charge of 4 siege mortars, which were efficiently served for 31 days until the surrender. The battery was then reunited and encamped inside the works, remaining there during July and August, and suffering so much from disease that it was reduced to 50 men. It was then temporarily attached to the 2nd Mass. battery, and took part in the Bayou Teche expedition, being in frequent skirmishes and active at Franklin, Louisiana, and Carrion Crow bayou. Still as a part of the 2nd battery, it encamped at New Iberia, remaining there until January 8, 1864, when the command went into winter quarters at Franklin. On February 17, the men of the 13th were transferred to the 6th Mass. battery, remaining with it until March 6, when they united with Battery L, 1st U. S. artillery, and embarked upon the Red River expedition. It was engaged at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, on April 7 and again on the 9th, when it lost 4 wounded and 1 prisoner. It was again engaged at Cane River crossing and at Marksville prairie. By the end of June it was back again at New Orleans, quartered at the Apollo stables. Captain Hamlin, who had been ordered to Boston, on August 27, 1863, having returned to Louisiana, the command reported to him at Greenville, on July 1, and once more became an independent organization. It was furnished with 4 guns, and went into camp, where it remained for two months, when it moved to Camp Parapet, Louisiana, where it was stationed during the remainder of its term of service, engaged in the routine duties of camp life. It returned to Massachusetts and was mustered out July 28, 1865. The command had suffered severely from desertions, losing 99 members from this cause, or over one-third of its total membership.

Fourteenth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Joseph W. B. Wright . This organization numbered 7 officers and 187 men, and lost 15 during service. It was organized during the winter of 1863-64 at Camp Meigs, Readville; was mustered into the U. S. service on February 27, 1864, and left the state, April 4, for Washington. It received its outfit of guns and horses on April 24 and the following day was ordered to join the 9th corps, which was then about to embark on the spring campaign under Grant. It was present at the battle of the Wilderness; was engaged at the Ny river, the North Anna river, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor. It then proceeded to Petersburg and was active in many engagements during the siege. In September, 1864, it was transferred to the reserve artillery of the Army of the Potomac; in October to the 2nd corps; in January, 1865, to the 6th corps, and in March went back to the 9th corps. At Fort Stedman, March 25, the battery was very unfortunate, Lieut . Nye being killed, 4 men were wounded and 11 captured. It was actively engaged in the final assault, after which ^t encamped at City Point for a month and the following two weeks were spent at Fairfax seminary, when it was ordered home and was mustered out at Readville, June 15, 1865.

Fifteenth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Timothy Pearson. The 15th numbered 7 officers and 338 men, and was mustered in during the winter of 1862-63 for three years, the organization being completed February 17, 1863. It embarked for New Orleans on March 9, was a month en route, and on its arrival was quartered at the Apollo stables. It garrisoned two small forts in the vicinity of New Orleans until December 29, when it took part in an expedition to Madisonville. Returning to New Orleans on May 5, 1864, it was stationed at Terrell's press until October 17, when it moved up the Mississippi to the White River, Ark. It embarked for Memphis early in December, and remained there a month. So many recruits had been added to the battery that the surplus was transferred to the 6th Mass. battery. Early in 1865, it embarked for Mobile bay; thence it moved to Fort Barrancas, Florida, where it was attached to the 2nd division, 13th corps, and took part in the movement against Mobile. The battery arrived at Fort Blakely on April 2, and was active there until the surrender of the fort on the 9th, winning praise for its gallant conduct . After an expedition to Selma, Alabama, it returned to Mobile and was stationed at Fort Gaines until July 20, when it embarked for home. It was mustered out at Readville, August 4, 1865.

Sixteenth Battery, Light Artillery.—Captain, Henry D. Scott . The 16th battery numbered 5 officers and 166 men, of whom 6 died by accident or disease. It was recruited at Readville and was mustered into the U. S. service on March 11 and April 4, 1864. It left the state for Washington on April 19, was assigned to the 22nd corps and remained near the city until June. In July, after a month at Alexandria, Virginia, it was stationed at Tenallytown. On September 5 it was ordered to Albany, N. Y., and posted at the Troy Road barracks until November 16, when it returned to Washington. In December it was assigned to the 1st separate brigade, 22nd corps, which it joined at Fairfax Court House, remaining there during the winter and spring of 1864-65. On June 22 it returned to Massachusetts and was mustered out July 13, 1865.


FRANCIS AUGUSTUS OSBORN

Francis Augustus Osborn was born September 22, 1833, in that part of the town of Danvers, Mass., which is now called Peabody. His parents were Augustus Kendall and Mary (Shove) Osborn. His ancestor, William Osborn, came from England to this country before 1645 and settled in the locality named which was then a part of Salem, and William's descendants, in the direct line to the subject of this sketch, continued their residence in that town for over 200 years. He attended the public schools of his native town and a private school in Marlborough, and in 1845 he entered the Public Latin school of Boston, one of the oldest and most famous public schools of the country, having been founded in 1635, two years before Harvard college. When, in 1849, he had finished the course there, his father had just died, so that instead of entering Harvard college, as had been intended, he went as a clerk into the counting room of William Ropes & Co., who were engaged in importing goods from Russia. He remained there for five years, and then became a partner in a firm in the ship chandlery business. In 1855 ne joined a militia company in Boston called the New England Guards, an organization of high character, dating from 1812, in which he was afterward appointed sergeant, and later commissioned successively second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain, the last named commission being dated April 19, 1861. Just before that time the company was detached from the regiment with which it had been connected and was expanded into a battalion of two companies, the senior captain, Thomas G. Stevenson, being commissioned major. On the 25th of April the battalion was sent by the state authorities at the request of the United States government to garrison Fort Independence in Boston harbor, the only occupant then being an ordnance sergeant. There it remained until May 25th, during which time it was thoroughly exercised, not only in infantry drill, but also in the use of the heavy guns mounted on the fort. The devotion to their duty on the part of both officers and men was so cordial and persistent, and so efficient in its results, that the 4th battalion Mass. volunteer militia, which was its official name, was pronounced on its return to the City of Boston, when it marched through the streets and gave an exhibition drill upon the Common, the best drilled body of troops ever seen in the city. The value of the training received in the New England Guards is shown by the fact that over 150 of its members were given commissions as officers in the volunteer service, many of them attaining high rank, and all making themselves conspicuous wherever they served, for their thorough knowledge of their duties and their faithfulness and efficiency in performing them. Immediately after the close of their duty at the fort, Major Stevenson and Captain Osborn offered their services to Governor John A. Andrew, who, on August 31, following, authorized them to raise a regiment, of which the former should be colonel and the latter lieutenant-colonel. This regiment was recruited upon different principles from those which had been up to that time adopted. In order to send troops promptly into the field it had been found necessary to take companies hastily formed in the several towns in certain sections of the state and aggregate them into regiments, a method which had some obvious disadvantages. As the state, however, had now sent forward the number of troops immediately requisite, and had a little breathing spell, Governor Andrew permitted the newly appointed field officers to carry out the plan upon which they had set their hearts, namely, to establish a "cadre" of officers, consisting of young men well known to them as having high character, education and experience in the militia, and to allow them to secure their enlisted men by a system of recruiting similar to that of the regular army. Governor Andrew cordially approved the plan and promised to commission the officers whom the colonel and lieutenant-colonel should recommend to him. The result of the experiment was most satisfactory and fully confirmed the wisdom of the method. The officers came to the service well instructed in their duties, having good executive ability and capacity for handling their men to the best advantage, while the enlisted men were a picked body gradually accumulated and compactly welded into a homogeneous mass. The process was a little longer than the usual one but since it was possible to take the time its result fully compensated for the delay. The regiment, the 24th Mass. infantry, left the state on December 9, 1861, joined the Burnside expedition at Annapolis, and later proceeded with it to Roanoke island. In the engagement there on February 8, 1862, the Union forces captured about 2,800 Confederate prisoners. On February 16, Lieut.-Colonel Osborn was sent by General Burnside to Elizabeth City, N. C, with a flag of truce to Major-General Huger of the Confederate army, commanding the Department, as bearer of a letter relating to exchange of those prisoners. On his return with General Huger's answer he was put in charge of five transports for conveyance to Elizabeth City of the prisoners whom he delivered to Major Benjamin Allston of the Confederate army. In March, 1862 the 24th regiment was hotly engaged as a part of the force which gained the battle of New Berne and captured that city. Within a few days after the battle, Colonel Stevenson was put in command of the brigade, so that Lieut.-Colonel Osborn commanded the regiment continuously from that time on. The regiment remained in New Berne as a part of the garrison until the following June, when it was ordered to Washington, N. C, which had been occupied for a short time by two of its companies. The Confederate guerrillas had been numerous and active about the town and had become so threatening in their demonstrations that it was thought desirable to give them a lesson. In obedience, therefore, to such orders, Lieut.-Colonel Osborn proceeded to that place by transports with the other eight companies of his regiment and marched with them and a company of cavalry and a section of artillery about 10 miles out of the town to Tranter's creek, where he met the enemy and after a sharp engagement completely routed him. The effect of this defeat was so salutary that the enemy did not show himself in that vicinity for many months. Lieut.-Colonel Osborn remained in command of the post of Washington until June 29th, when he was ordered with his regiment back to New Berne to take part in other operations. The plans of the military authorities, however, having shortly afterward been changed, the regiment remained in New Berne taking part in movements of minor importance within the department. On December 28, 1862, Lieut.-Colonel Osborn was promoted to colonel of his regiment to fill the vacancy caused by the promotion of Colonel Stevenson to brigadier-general. On January 22, 1863, the regiment, with nearly all the troops then at New Berne, was taken to Hilton Head by General John G. Foster, who expected to be given command of the forces which were to attempt the reduction of Fort Sumter. This cherished hope on the part of General Foster was a reasonable and laudable one, since he had been second in command at Fort Sumter in April, 1861, when it was taken by the Confederates, and was the officer from whom the defense of the fort derived the greater part of its energy and tenacity. General Hunter, however, who was then in command of the Department of the South, had influence enough to prevent the consummation of this very desirable arrangement. The result was that General Foster was obliged to return to New Berne and leave his troops in the Department of the South. In the assault upon Fort Wagner on July 18, 1863, the regiment was in the third line, and though under a heavy fire did not participate in the actual assault. It did its regular tours of duty in the trenches and in fatigue work during the siege of Fort Wagner and Fort Sumter. On August 26, 1863, Colonel Osborn commanded his regiment in the charge upon the rifle-pits in front of Fort Wagner, capturing nearly the whole force of the enemy that had held the pits against three previous attacks by other regiments, and completely checked the advance of engineering work. On the night of September 6, the regiment was selected to lead one of the columns of assault on Fort Wagner. The column had been formed and was about to march when the discovery was made that Wagner had been secretly evacuated, the enemy having recognized the hopelessness of further defense. On September 8 Colonel Osborn was placed in command of a boat expedition consisting of the 24th Mass. and the 10th Conn., intended to make a night assault upon Fort Sumter. The navy had also planned an assault for the same night, neither General Gillmore, in command of the land forces, nor Adm. Dahlgren in command of the sea forces, being willing to yield to the other the right of priority, or on the other hand to co6perate with the other. The troops had to contend with great difficulties in embarking at a distance from the open harbor in a shallow creek only wide enough to admit one boat at a time, and were consequently delayed until a very late hour. In the meantime the navy with its superior facilities attempted the assault, which was easily repulsed, with the loss or capture of nearly all the attacking party. No blame for this failure can be attributed to the navy, whose officers and men conducted themselves on that occasion with the gallantry and intrepidity which are the conspicuous characteristics of that service. Fort Sumter was not practicable for an assault. The engineer officers, who had believed it was, had been misled by deceptive appearances, caused by the great distance at which they were compelled to examine it through field glasses. If the true state of the case had been known the assault would never have been attempted. Further, it has since been learned that the enemy had read our signals, knew that an attack was to take place on that night and had made extraordinary preparations for meeting it. Under all the circumstances failure was inevitable. On September 30, the regiment was sent to St. Augustine to recuperate, it having been so greatly reduced by losses and disease and by the exhausting work in the trenches and on fatigue service that it had only about 280 men fit for duty. Colonel Osborn was put in command of the post of St. Augustine and remained there until February 18, 1864, when he was ordered with his regiment to Jacksonville to take command of that post. Toward the last of April the 10th army corps, with which the 24th regiment was incorporated, was transported to Virginia, where, in connection with the 18th corps, it formed the Army of the James, cooperating with the Army of the Potomac. The 24th reached Gloucester Point, Virginia, on May 1, and on the 4th the Army of the James embarked in transports, proceeded up the James River and two days later landed at Bermuda Hundred, which had been chosen as the base of operations. During the summer of 1864 the regiment went regularly on picket in its turn, the enemy lying close to the front of our troops, and was engaged in the following actions: Green Valley, Drewry's bluff, Proctor's creek, Richmond and Petersburg turnpike, Ware Bottom Church, besides skirmishes and minor affairs, all under the command of Colonel Osborn. On August 13 Colonel Osborn was detached from his regiment and assigned, at the request of General John W. Turner, commanding the and division 10th army corps, to the command of the 3d brigade of that division, whose commander was absent upon leave. That brigade marched under his command on August 16 with the rest of the Corps to Deep Bottom on the north side of the James, where it was engaged. On that day Colonel Osborn was struck by a spent ball but was not seriously injured, being able to return to duty in a few days. On August 28 he moved with his brigade to Petersburg and put it into the trenches there. On September 25 the commander of the brigade returned to duty and Colonel Osborn was relieved and ordered back to his regiment. On September 28 the 24th regiment marched under his command with the rest of the 1st division, 10th corps, to the north side of the James and was engaged in the actions of Newmarket heights, Newmarket road and Darbytown road. On October 13 Colonel Osborn was given 30 days leave of absence for the purpose of using his influence to have the regiment recruited up to its standard before he should leave it at the expiration of his term of service. On October 28 he was appointed by the president, brevet brigadier general of volunteers for distinguished services in the movements upon the enemy's works near New Market, Virginia. On November 14, 1864, he resigned and was mustered out of the service. His first business occupation after returning to civil life was that of cashier for one year of Blake Bros & Co., bankers of Boston. He was naval officer for the districts of Boston and Charlestown from March 19, 1867, to June 8, 1869. In partnership with Hubbard Bros. & Co., he then followed the business of stock broker for five years, having been previously on October 30, 1866, elected a member of the Boston stock exchange. On January 1, 1874, he was elected treasurer of the Corbin Banking Company of New York and Boston, where he remained actively engaged until March, 1888, when, the company having abandoned its New England business, he sold out his interest and in the following June resigned the treasurer ship. In November of the same year he organized The Eastern Banking Company, which began business under his presidency as an association, and was incorporated in 1887, and he has been its president ever since its organization. In the meantime he has had other business relations, having been president of several other corporations. He was the original treasurer of the New England Mortgage Security Company, having been elected thereto in 1875. He resigned this office June 14, 1879, but was afterward a director for several years. He was elected director of the Tremont national bank of Boston, January n, 1876, and was annually reelected thereafter until the bank went into voluntary liquidation, December 6, 1898. On March 9, 1891, he was elected president of the Boston real estate exchange and auction board. In 1892 he declined reelection, and was then elected one of its, vice-presidents. .Politically, General Osborn is an independent Republican. He served in the common council of Boston in 1867-6869; was appointed by the governor, chairman of the Massachusetts civil service commission, June 23, 1886; and declined an offered reappointment in June 1889, for the reason of a great increase of work in his business caused by the death of an associate. He was one of the organizers of the Citizen's association of Boston in December, 1887, and was its president in the years 1888, to 1891, inclusive. In March, 1868, he was elected commander of the Massachusetts Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. On January 20, 1869, he was elected grand commander of the Department of Massachusetts, G. A. R. In the preparation of this work General Osborn carefully revised the manuscript pertaining to the "Military affairs in Massachusetts." September, 1867, he married Mary M. Mears, daughter of Granville Mears of Boston, by whom he had one daughter. In 1879 he married as his second wife, Emily T. Bouve daughter of Thomas T. Bouve" of Boston, by whom he has had two daughters and three sons.