Union Regiments by State

Kentucky

Source: The Union Army, Vol. IV. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.


Military Affairs in Kentucky
1861-65

The first movement in Kentucky looking toward future events, -consisted in a correspondence which took place at the close of the year 1860, between Governor Magoffin and the commissioners from Alabama, relating to the cooperation of Kentucky with the Southern states. The following extract expresses the views of the governor of the state at that time:

"You ask the cooperation of the Southern states in order to redress our wrongs. So do we. You have no hope of a redress in the Union. We look hopefully to assurances that a powerful reaction is going on at the North. You seek a remedy in secession from the Union. We wish the united action of the slave states assembled in convention within the Union. You would act separately; we, unitedly. If Alabama and other slave states would meet us in convention, say at Nashville, or elsewhere, as early as the fifth day of February, I do not doubt but we would agree in forty-eight hours upon such reasonable guarantees, by way of amendments to the Constitution of the United States, as would command at least the approbation of our numerous friends in the free states, and by giving them time to make the question with the people there, such reaction in public opinion might take place as to secure our rights and save the government."

On January 8, 1861, a convention of the Union party and the friends of Senator Douglas was held for the purpose of expressing their opinion on the difficulties of the country. Their resolutions manifested a patriotic spirit of devotion to the Union, and a firm determination to have the rights of Kentucky respected and maintained in the Union. They declared in favor of a convention of the border slave and border free states, for the purpose of devising some basis of compromise by which the Union might be saved, and proposed contingently a confederacy of such states as were willing to accept the constitution as proposed to be amended by Senator Crittenden. They declared unalterable repugnance to a war with their brethren, North or South, and expressed a willingness to support Mr. Lincoln's government unless he undertook coercion or civil war.

The governor, in his message to the adjourned session of the legislature, asked their approval of the Crittenden resolutions, and submitted the propriety of providing for the election of delegates to a convention to assemble at an early day to determine the future interstate and Federal relations of Kentucky. Meanwhile he would leave no experiment untried to restore fraternal relations between the states. He recommended a convention of the border slave states, to meet early in February at Baltimore. He said the hasty and inconsiderate action of the seceding states did not meet his approval, but objected to coercing them and asked the legislature to declare by a resolution the unconditional disapprobation by Kentucky of the employment of force against them.

On January 22, resolutions were passed in the house declaring that in view of the tenders of men and money by several of the northern states, to the general government, the people of Kentucky, uniting with their brethren of the South, will resist such invasion of the soil of the South at all hazards .and to the last extremity. Subsequently, resolutions were passed inviting the states to unite with Kentucky in an application to Congress to call a convention to amend the constitution.

On February 1, a resolution was passed in the senate declaring it to be inexpedient at that time to take any action toward calling a state convention. The vote was, ayes 25, noes 14. On the next day resolutions were passed in the senate appealing to the southern states to stop the revolution, protesting against Federal coercion, and providing that the legislature reassemble on April 24 to hear the responses from sister states; also, in favor of making an application to Congress to call a national convention. The house of representatives, on February 5, passed another resolution stating their action in favor of a national convention, and also the appointment of delegates to the Peace Conference at Washington, and therefore concluded that it "is unnecessary and inexpedient for this legislature to take any further action on this subject at the present time. As an evidence of the sincerity and good faith of our propositions for an adjustment, and an expression of devotion to the Union and desire for its preservation, Kentucky awaits with deep solicitude the response from her sister states."

The legislature adjourned on February 11, to meet again on March 20. With regard to the action of that body while in session, it may be said that the recommendation of the governor in favor of the call of a convention fell upon unheeding ears, while the bill to arm the state, when it was not proposed that Kentucky should make war upon any one, nor no one proposed to make war upon her, also failed to command the respect which its advocates claimed for it. Indeed, Kentucky, having shown that she intended to stand by the Union to the last, and the rash and precipitate policy of her southern seceding sisters not having met her sanction, now awaited to see if the North would but do justice, as she considered it.

Under instructions from the treasury department of the Confederate states, its revenue officers now required manifests to be delivered and entries to be made of all merchandise coming down the Mississippi from states beyond the limits of the Confederacy. The subject was brought up before the legislature of Kentucky at its session in March and the following resolutions were adopted:

"Whereas this general assembly is informed that certain persons acting as a congress of the seceding states have assumed power to obstruct and regulate the free navigation of the Mississippi river by the citizens of this Union, to whom it belongs: therefore be it

"Resolved by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, That Kentucky having as much right to the Mississippi river, to its free, unobstructed navigation, as Louisiana or any other state, and that right being of vital importance to her people, feels it her duty to herself and her sister states, at the earliest day, to make this her most solemn protest against any assumption of such power to control the navigation of that river as utterly without right or proper authority, and as what she can not and will not submit to.

"Resolved further, That the states in the valley of the Mississippi be earnestly requested to unite with Kentucky in this protest against the violation of a mutual right so vitally important to them all, and which their permanent interests forbid should ever rest in the discretion of any government save that under which they live.

"Resolved, That the governor be requested to transmit copies of these resolutions to the executives of the states aforesaid."

The attack upon Fort Sumter and the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men, were turned to the utmost advantage by the friends of the seceded states to promote their cause. Kentucky, however, refused to take part either with the North or the South. Her governor issued a proclamation convening an extra session of the legislature on April 27, and after the fall of Fort Sumter Governor Magoffin, in response to the president's call for troops, again voiced the sentiment of Kentucky, as it certainly existed at that time, when he said, "Kentucky will furnish no troops for the wicked purpose of subduing her sister southern states." The state Union committee issued an address to the people on the condition of the country, declaring it to be the duty of the state to maintain neutrality and to take no part either with the government or the Confederates. Kentucky the address said, could not comply with the appeal of the government without outraging her solemn convictions of duty, and without trampling upon that natural sympathy with the seceding states which neither their contempt for her interests nor their disloyalty to the Union had sufficed to extinguish. She could not comply with the appeal of the seditious leaders in her midst without sullying her unspotted loyalty, destroying her most vital interests, quenching in the blood of her own sons the last hope of reestablishing the Union, and lashing her free destiny amidst the clash and fury of arms to the chariot-wheels of the Gulf alliance. She ought clearly to comply with neither the one appeal nor the other. And, if she be not smitten with judicial blindness, she would not. The present duty of Kentucky was to maintain her present independent position, taking sides not with the government, and not with the seceding states, but with the Union against them both, declaring her soil to be sacred from the hostile tread of either, and, if necessary, making the declaration good with her strong right arm. To the end that she might be fully prepared for this last contingency, and all other possible contingencies, the authors of the address would have her arm herself thoroughly at the earliest practicable moment.

At Louisville, on the evening of April 19, a Union meeting was held, at which Mr. Guthrie, once secretary of the United States treasury, and other prominent men, made speeches. Mr. Guthrie opposed the call of the president for volunteers for the purposes of coercion, or the raising of troops for the Confederacy, asserted that secession was no remedy for the pending evils and that Kentucky would not take part with either side, at the same time declaring her soil sacred against the hostile foot of either. Resolutions were adopted that the Confederate states having commenced the war, Kentucky assumed the right to choose her position, and that she would be loyal until the government became the aggressor.

On May 3 the governor issued his proclamation ordering an election on June 30 for members to the extra session of Congress. This was made necessary by the fact that President Lincoln had called an extra session of Congress to meet on July 4. The terms of all Kentucky representatives had expired March 4 and the regular time for election was not until the first Monday in August. An extra session of the legislature was also called for May 6. On May 4 an election was held for delegates to the border state convention, at which the vote was overwhelmingly in favor of the Union, being nearly two-thirds of the entire vote at the election in November, 1860. The vast majority of Kentuckians were manifestly more aroused than ever before to the absolute importance of the Union and to the indispensable necessity of its preservation for themselves and their posterity, as well as for the people of the whole country, and they were as manifestly determined to stand firm and quiet on their own soil, to keep the peace at home and along the border, and steadily to strive for its restoration and establishment. The vote for Union delegates to the convention, in all the counties of the state except eighteen, was 98,561. The aggregate presidential vote in November, 1860, was 146,216.

 On May 17 the legislature authorized the suspension of specie payments by the banks of the state. The house also passed a series of resolutions declaring that Kentucky should maintain a strict neutrality during the present contest, and approving of the refusal of the governor to furnish troops to the Federal government under the existing circumstances. Subsequently, the governor issued a proclamation with the following warning:

"I hereby notify and warn all other states, separate or united, especially the United and Confederate states, that I solemnly forbid any movement upon Kentucky soil, or occupation of any post or place therein, for any purposes whatever, until authorized by invitation or permission of the legislative and executive authorities. I especially forbid all citizens of Kentucky, whether incorporated in the state guard or otherwise, from making any hostile demonstrations against any of the aforesaid sovereignties, to be obedient to the orders of lawful authorities, to remain quietly and peaceably at home when off military duty, and refrain from all words and acts likely to provoke a collision, and so otherwise to conduct themselves that the deplorable calamity of invasion may be averted; but in the meanwhile to make prompt and efficient preparation to assume the paramount and supreme law of self defense, and strictly of self-defense alone."

A resolution that this proclamation stated the position that Kentucky should occupy, was rejected in the house on May 22. The state guard was also required to take an oath to support the constitution of the United States.

The border state convention assembled at Frankfort on May 27. Kentucky and Missouri only were represented. An address was issued to the people of Kentucky declaring that the direct question before the people of the United States and of Kentucky, the grand and commanding question, was Union or no Union, government or no government, nationality or no nationality; that Kentucky had no cause of complaint with the general government, and no cause of quarrel with the Federal constitution; that Kentucky would continue to be loyal to the Constitution, the government, and the flag of the United States, and to refuse alliance with any who would destroy the Union or commit the great wrong of deserting their posts in the national Congress; that Kentucky would remain true to herself and loyal to the constitutional administration of the general government, appear again in the Congress of the United States, insist upon her constitutional rights in the Union, not out of it, and insist on the integrity of the Union, its constitution, and its government.

At the election on June 30 the Union representatives to Congress were chosen from all the districts of the state except the 1st. In that district H. C. Burnett, State Rights, was chosen. With the exception of Boone county, the official return of the votes showed a total Union majority of 54,760.

Volunteers from Kentucky entered both the Union and Confederate armies. Those attached to the former were ordered to western Virginia, and there entered into active service.

So stringent had the restrictions upon all intercourse between the North and the South now become that commerce was to a great degree cut off, except by the route of the Louisville & Nashville railroad. It had long become manifest that the blockade of the South would not be complete unless the transit of supplies through Kentucky was stopped. But how this should be effected while Kentucky was herself in so doubtful a position, was a question not easily determined. The authorities of Tennessee solved it, however, by placing a complete embargo on the Tennessee end of the road. They forbade the exportation of cotton, tobacco, rice and turpentine to Kentucky. From their own point of view the act was one of folly, for the freight sent north was never one-fifth part of that sent south, and at that moment especially must have been vastly inferior in importance to the constant supply of provisions flowing into Tennessee from Louisville. They thought, however, that they could afford the step and therefore forbade all exports from Tennessee. That cut the knot as to the enforcement of the blockade at Louisville. It put an end to all scruples on the part of Kentucky, except among the open sympathizers with secession; placed the secessionists in the wrong in "neutral" eyes, and gave the government firm ground on which to stand. The blockade being undertaken with vigor, those who were forwarding supplies to the secessionists attempted to break it by legal proceedings. They crowded the Louisville freight stations with merchandise consigned to Nashville, and sued the company as common carriers for refusing to receive and forward it. The decision of the court justified the company in its course of obedience to the Federal government and gave to the government the authority of legal approval, as well as the sympathy of right-minded citizens. It still remained, however, for the Tennessee secessionists, in their wisdom, to conceive one more plan for perfecting the work undertaken by the government. This scheme they carried out on July 4, by stopping the running of cars on the railroad altogether, and by doing this in such a manner as to seriously injure a great interest in Kentucky. Of this proceeding we have the following contemporaneous account:

"The Louisville & Nashville railway is 286 miles in length, 45 miles of it lying in Tennessee. These 45 miles cost $2,025,000, of which Tennessee contributed in all bonds to the amount of $1,160,500, the remaining $864,500 being raised by the Kentucky owners. On July 1 a Tennessee general, named Anderson, ordered the company to keep a larger amount of its rolling stock at Nashville. James Guthrie, president of the company, stated, however, that there was no provision in the charter to the effect that the company should be subject to the military orders of Tennessee and refused to comply. On July 4 General Anderson seized two trains that were about to leave Nashville and one that came in, together with such machinery as could be found in Tennessee, and then called for a fair division of the rolling stock of the road. He agreed that while arrangements were in progress for this end the trains should be uninterrupted, but to this Mr. Guthrie astutely made answer that he could thus have no guarantee against the interference of others besides General Anderson, who was supposed to be acting under orders. This brought out the governor of Tennessee as the real actor in the matter, for he at once replied to Mr. Guthrie with a proposition to continue the use of the road while a division of property was made. Mr. Guthrie at once rejoined, disproving the charge made by the Tennessee authorities, that their end of the road had not hitherto had its share of the rolling stock, and showing the impossibility of managing the road under Governor Harris's proposition."

The result was that the road was closed. The Kentucky stockholders declared that their chartered rights in Tennessee had been no protection to their property, and refused to risk any more property within the limits of that state. All questions as to the blockade upon this route were therefore disposed of by the breaking up of the route itself. The secessionists felt the extent of their error, for they urged Governor Magoffin to seize the Kentucky end of the road and to run it in connection with Governor Harris, but it was evident that such a step would only serve to remove the last scruple on the part of Union men as to forcible resistance to the bold plans of the secessionists in Kentucky.

The question as to the transit of provisions to the South by this railroad was thus settled, and although it did not close other equally important routes through Kentucky, the controversy which had sprung up took such a turn as to have an important effect throughout the state, stimulating the Union men everywhere to a more active support of the government. A small encampment of Federal troops was formed in Garrard county, which occasioned some excitement, as it was an infringement of the neutrality assumed by Kentucky. Letters were addressed to the commanding officer, General Nelson, asking the special object which the government had in view in the establishment of the camp called "Camp Dick Robinson." In reply, the commanding officer said, "The troops assembled here have been called together at the request of Union men of Kentucky. They are intended for no hostile or aggressive movement against any party or community whatever, but simply to defend Kentucky in case they are needed for that purpose, preserve its tranquillity, and protect the rights of all citizens of the state under the constitution and the laws; and the object of myself and all the officers in command will be, by all honorable means, to maintain that peace and tranquillity." Commissioners were then sent by the governor to President Lincoln to insist on the neutrality of the state. Governor Magoffin, in his letter to the president, said:

"In a word, an army is now being organized and quartered in this state, supplied with all the appliances of war, without the consent or advice of the authorities of the state, and without consultation with those most prominently known and recognized as loyal citizens. This movement now imperils that peace and tranquillity which from the beginning of our pending difficulties have been the paramount desire of this people, and which, up to this time, they have so secured to the state.

"Within Kentucky there has been, and is likely to be, no occasion for the presence of military force. The people are quiet and tranquil, feeling no apprehension of any occasion arising to invoke protection from the Federal arm. They have asked that their territory be left free from military occupation and the present tranquillity of their communication left uninvaded by soldiers. They do not desire that Kentucky shall be required to supply the battle-field for the contending armies, or become the theatre of the war. Now, therefore, as governor of the state of Kentucky, and in the name of the people I have the honor to represent, and with the single and earnest desire to avert from their peaceful homes the horrors of war, I urge the removal from the limits of Kentucky of the military force now organized and in camp within the state. If such action as is hereby urged be promptly taken, I firmly believe the peace of the people of Kentucky will be preserved, and the horrors of a bloody war will be averted from a people now peaceful and tranquil."

To that the president replied: "In all I have done in the premises I have acted upon the urgent solicitation of many Kentuckians, and in accordance with what I believed, and still believe, to be the wish of a majority of all the Union-loving people of Kentucky. While I have conversed on this subject with many eminent men of Kentucky, including a large majority of her members of Congress, I do not remember that any one of them, or any other person, except your excellency and the bearers of your excellency's letter, has urged me to remove the military force from Kentucky, or to disband it. One other very worthy citizen of Kentucky did solicit me to have the augmenting of the force suspended for a time. Taking all the means within my reach to form a judgment, I do not believe it is the popular wish of Kentucky that this force shall be removed beyond her limits; and, with this impression, I must respectfully decline to so remove it.

"I most cordially sympathize with your excellency in the wish to preserve the peace of my own native state, Kentucky. It is with regret I search, and cannot find, in your not very short letter, any declaration or intimation that you entertain any desire for the preservation of the Federal Union."

A similar letter was addressed by the governor to the President of the Confederate States. In the reply, President Davis said:

"The government of the Confederate States of America neither intends nor desires to disturb the neutrality of Kentucky. The assemblage of troops in Tennessee to which you refer had no other object than to repel the lawless invasion of that state by the forces of the United States, should their government approach it through Kentucky, without respect for its position of neutrality. That such apprehensions were not groundless has been proved by the course of that government in Maryland and Missouri, and more recently in Kentucky itself, in which, as you inform me, 'a military force has been enlisted and quartered by the United States authorities.' The government of the Confederate States has not only respected most scrupulously the neutrality of Kentucky, but has continued to maintain the friendly relations of trade and intercourse which it has suspended with the people of the United States generally. In view of the history of the past, it can scarcely be necessary to assure your excellency that the government of the Confederate States will continue to respect the neutrality of Kentucky so long as her people will maintain it themselves. But neutrality, to be entitled to respect, must be strictly maintained between both parties, or if the door be opened on the one side for the aggressions of one of the belligerent parties upon the other, it ought not to be shut to the assailed when they seek to enter it for the purpose of self-defense. I do not, however, for a moment believe that your gallant state will suffer its soil to be used for the purpose of giving an advantage to those who violate its neutrality and disregard its rights, over those who respect them both/' It should be stated that previous to this correspondence, Kentucky had been invaded by Tennessee forces, and 6 cannon and 1,000 stands of arms taken. The Confederate congress on August 7 passed an act authorizing enlistments in Kentucky. The legislature assembled on September 2 and on the 5 th a large barbecue was to be held in Owen county, about 12 miles from the seat of government. The apprehensions of the Unionists were greatly excited on this occasion. The state guard was invited to attend. It consisted of an organized body of troops, about 15,000 strong, under the control of the friends of secession in the state. Intimidation of the legislature was feared. Happily, the affair passed over without any special interest. A peace convention was also to be held on the 10th of the same month, which awakened apprehensions of an attempt to organize the secession force. But these likewise proved groundless. The legislature stood 27 Union and 1 1 Southern Rights senators, and 76 Union and 24 Southern Rights representatives. The message of the governor to the legislature on September 5, asserted that Kentucky had a right to assume a neutral position in the war; that she had no agency in fostering a sectional party in the free states, and did not approve of separate action and the secession of the southern states. Lawless raids had been suffered on both sides, private property seized, commerce interrupted, and trade destroyed. These wrongs had been borne with patience, but a military Federal force had been organized, equipped, and encamped in a central portion of Kentucky, without consultation with the state authorities. If the people of Kentucky desired more troops, let them be obtained under the constitution of Kentucky. He recommended the passage of a law to enable the military board to borrow a sufficient sum to purchase arms and munitions for the defense of the state. He also recommended the passage of resolutions requesting the disbanding or removal from the state of all military bodies not under state authority. On the same day the legislature was notified that Confederate troops had invaded the state, occupied and fortified strong positions at Hickman and Chalk bluffs. Governor Harris, of Tennessee, replied to a demand of the Kentucky authorities, that the troops "that landed at Hickman last night did so without my knowledge or consent, and I am confident without the consent of the president. I have telegraphed President Davis requesting their immediate withdrawal."

General Polk, in command of the secession forces, in reply to the governor of Kentucky, stated that he had occupied Columbus and Hickman on account of reliable information that the Federal forces were about to occupy the said points. He proposed substantially that the Federal and Confederate forces should be simultaneously withdrawn from Kentucky and enter into stipulation to respect the neutrality of the state. In the proclamation issued on September 4, General Polk gave this reason for invading Kentucky:

"The Federal government having, in defiance of the wishes of the people of Kentucky, disregarded their neutrality by establishing camp depots for their armies, and by organizing military companies within the territory, and by constructing military works on the Missouri shore immediately opposite and commanding Columbus, evidently intended to cover the landing of troops for the seizure of that town, it has become a military necessity for the defense of the territory of the Confederate states that a Confederate force should occupy Columbus in advance."

On the 9th the governor communicated the following to the legislature: "The undersigned yesterday received a verbal message, through a messenger, from Governor Harris. The message was that he (Governor H.) had, by telegraphic despatch, requested General Polk to withdraw the Confederate troops from Kentucky, and that General Polk had declined to do so that Governor Harris then telegraphed to Sec. Walker at Richmond, requesting that General Polk be ordered to withdraw his troops from Kentucky, and that such order was issued from the war department of the Confederacy; that General Polk replied to the war department that the retention of the post was a military necessity, and that the retiring from it would be attended by the loss of many lives. This embraces the message received."

On the same day the governor also received the following by telegraph from General Polk: "Governor B. Magoffin:—A military necessity having required me to occupy this town, Columbus, I have taken possession of it by the forces under my command. The circumstances leading to this act were reported promptly to the President of the Confederate States. His reply was, the necessity justified the action."

As a matter of course, the invasion of the state by the Tennessee troops brought in a Federal force under General Grant from Cairo. Thus ended the neutrality of Kentucky. It was on September 6 that General Grant, with two regiments of infantry and a company of light artillery, with two gun-boats, took possession of Paducah. He found secession flags flying in different parts of the town, in expectation of greeting the arrival of the southern army, which was reported to be 3,800 strong and only 16 miles distant. The loyal citizens tore down the secession flags on the arrival of the Federal troops. General Grant took possession of the telegraph office, railroad depot and marine hospital. He found large quantities of complete rations, leather, etc., for the southern army. He issued a proclamation saying that he came solely for the purpose of defending the state from aggression and to enable the state laws to be executed.

On September 11 the lower house of the legislature adopted a resolution directing the governor to issue a proclamation ordering the Confederate troops to evacuate Kentucky soil. The vote was 71 against 26. The house refused to suspend the rules to allow another resolution to be offered ordering the proclamation to be issued to both Federals and Confederates. The first resolution was subsequently passed by the senate, but was vetoed by the governor. It was then passed, notwithstanding the governor's objections, by a vote in the house of 68 to 26, and in the senate of 25 to 9. The governor then issued his proclamation. On the 17th the senate passed a bill punishing by fine and imprisonment the refusal to give up the state's arms when ordered by the military board. The house concurred. This abolished the state guard. The house adopted resolutions in favor of paying the war tax, and against the recognition of the Southern Confederacy.

Preparations were commenced in the state for different military movements. While General Polk was thus invading the state on the west, General Zollicoffer was operating on the east. With about 4,000 men he came to Cumberland ford, situated near the point where the corner of Virginia runs into Kentucky, and captured a company of home guards. On the 17th the legislature received a message from Governor Magoffin communicating a telegraphic despatch from General Zollicoffer, announcing that the safety of Tennessee demanded the occupation of Cumberland and the three long mountains in Kentucky; that he had done so, and should retain his position until the Union forces were withdrawn and the Union camp broken up. On the 18th the committee on Federal relations reported a series of resolutions, requesting Major Anderson, the commander at Fort Sumter when it was captured, to take command of the forces of the state. They manifested very distinctly the sentiments of the people at that time, and were as follows:

"Whereas Kentucky has been invaded by the forces of the so called Confederate states, and the commanders of the forces so invading the state have insolently prescribed the conditions upon which they will withdraw, thus insulting the dignity of the state by demanding terms to which Kentucky cannot listen without dishonor, therefore,

"Resolved, That the invaders must be expelled.

"Inasmuch as there are now in Kentucky Federal troops assembled for the purpose of preserving the tranquillity of the state, and of defending and protecting the people of Kentucky in the peaceful enjoyment of their lives and property, it is

"Resolved, That General Robert Anderson, a native Kentuckian, who has been appointed to the command of the Department of Cumberland, be requested to take instant command, with authority and power from this commonwealth to call out a volunteer force in Kentucky for the purpose of repelling the invaders from our soil.

"Resolved, That in using the means which duty and honor require shall be used to expel the invaders from the soil of Kentucky, no citizen shall be molested on account of his political opinions; that no citizen's property shall be taken or confiscated because of such opinions, nor shall any slave be set free by any military commander; and that all peaceable citizens who remain at home and attend to their private business until legally called into the public service, as well as their families, are entitled to and shall receive the fullest protection of the government in the enjoyment of their lives, their liberties, and their property.

"Resolved, That his excellency, the governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, be requested to give all the aid in his power to accomplish the end desired by these resolutions, that he issue his proclamation calling out the militia of the state, and that he place the same under the command of General Thomas L. Crittenden. "Resolved, That the patriotism of every Kentuckian is invoked and is confidently relied upon to give active aid in the defense of the commonwealth."

The decision expressed by these resolutions was hailed with great satisfaction by the friends of the Union. It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of this act on the part of that great state. Whether viewed in its relations to the material or moral aspects of the civil strife in the land, the active adhesion of Kentucky to the national cause was a momentous event. But it was specially valuable for the testimony it bore to the rightfulness and the necessity of the belligerent issue which the national government had been compelled to accept. These resolutions were vetoed by the governor and then passed by the requisite vote over bis veto. His objection to the resolutions was thus stated:

"I cannot concede my constitutional right, as the commander-in-chief of the state, to designate the particular officer or officers to be employed in executing the will of the legislature. General T. L. Crittenden, the officer designated by the resolution, has had many proofs of my confidence. He has my confidence now, and in this service I would not hesitate to employ him, but at the same time I reserve the point that it is not within the province of the legislature to limit the constitutional right of the governor and commander-in-chief to choose such of his subordinate officers as he may deem best fitted to enforce the execution of the laws of the state."

General Robert Anderson assumed command of the state and national forces and issued a proclamation calling upon Kentuckians of all parties to assist in repelling the invaders of the state. Governor Magoffin also issued a proclamation, directing General Thomas. L. Crittenden to call out the state troops to resist the invasion of the state, and General Crittenden accordingly called out the militia. Hamilton Pope, brigadier-general of the home guard, also called upon the people in each ward of Louisville to organize themselves into companies for the protection of the city. Thus was Kentucky launched with her whole soul into the bloody contest for the maintenance of the government and the preservation of the Union. On the 23d the house passed a bill authorizing the military board to borrow $1,000,000, in addition to $1,000,000 authorized May 24, on the state bonds, payable in ten years, and levied a tax to pay the bonds and interest. The above sum was to be appropriated to the defense of the state. On the next day, a bill was passed calling out 40,000 volunteers for service from one to three years. The votes were, in the house, 67 to 13, and in the senate, 21 to 5. The senate also passed a bill providing that Kentuckians who voluntarily joined the Confederate forces invading the state, should be incapable of taking estate in Kentucky by devise, bequest, division or distribution, unless they returned to their allegiance within 60 days, or escaped from the invaders as soon as possible. A bill was also passed tendering the thanks of the legislature to Ohio, Illinois and Indiana, for having so promptly forwarded troops to aid in repelling the invasion of the state and the governor was instructed to communicate the same. On October 1 a resolution requesting John C. Breckenridge and Lazarus W. Powell to resign their seats as senators in Congress, as they did not represent the will of the people of Kentucky; and, if they declined to comply, the senate of the United States was respectfully requested to investigate their conduct and if found to be in opposition to the Federal government to expel them from their seats, passed the state senate by a vote of 20 yeas to 5 nays. It was then sent to the house and passed by a vote of 55 to 31. A bill for a loan of $2,000,000 was also passed. So soon after the first step was Kentucky brought fully into the field with arms and money for the cause of the Union. The legislature then took a recess until November 27. Previous to this adjournment, an address was issued by that body to the people of the state, on "the condition of the state and the duties they had felt called upon to perform." The condition of the state was thus briefly related:

"We have ardently desired peace and hoped to save Kentucky from the calamities of war. When the Federal authorities deemed it necessary to employ force in self-defense, and to execute the laws of the government, we assured our southern neighbors of our purpose not to take up arms voluntarily against them, notwithstanding their wicked attempt to destroy the government from which we and our fathers have received the greatest benefits. Every effort was made, both before and after the employment of force, to effect some compromise and settlement that would restore the Union, and prevent the effusion of blood.

"The Federal government did not insist upon our active aid in furnishing troops, seeming content if we obeyed the laws and executed them upon our own soil. Those engaged in rebellion, however, with hypocritical professions of friendship and respect, planted camps of soldiers all along our southern border; seized,, by military power, the stock on our railroad within their reach, in defiance of chartered rights; impudently enlisted soldiers upon our soil for their camps, whom they ostentatiously marched through their territory. They made constant raids into this state, robbed us of our property, insulted our people, seized some of our citizens and carried them away as prisoners into the Confederate states. Our military was demoralized by the treachery of its chief officer in command, and many of its subordinates, until it became more an arm of the Confederate states than a guard of the state of Kentucky. Thus exposed to wrongs and indignities, with no power prepared to prevent or resent them, some of the citizens of this state formed camps under the Federal government for the defense and protection of the state of Kentucky. Whatever might have been thought of the policy once, recent events have proved that they were formed none too soon.

"In this condition we found Kentucky when the legislature met on the first Monday in September. We still hoped to avoid war on our own soil. We were met by assurances from the president of the Confederate States that our position should be respected; but the ink was scarcely dry with which the promise was written, when we were startled by the news that our soil was invaded and towns in the southwest of our state occupied by Confederate armies. The governor of Tennessee disavowed the act and protested his innocence of it. His commissioners at Frankfort professed the same innocence of the admitted wrong; but our warnings to leave were only answered by another invasion in the southeast of the state, and a still more direct and deadly assault upon the very heart of the state by way of the Nashville road. These sudden irruptions of such magnitude, skilfully directed, show that the assault on Kentucky was preconcerted, prepared and intended long before. The excuses made for any of them but add insult to injury. We shall not repeat them. They are but excuses for acts intended, without any excuse.

"The purpose is to remove the theatre of the war from the homes of those who wickedly originated it, to those of Kentucky, and to involve this state in the rebellion. This purpose appeared to be well understood in the seceded states. They need the territory of Kentucky, and are determined to have it, if it must be by blood and conquest.

"Thus forced into war, we had no choice but to call on the strong arms and brave hearts of Kentucky to expel the invader from our soil, and to call for the aid of the Federal government, as we had a right to do under the Federal constitution.

"Our foes would dictate terms to a brave people upon which we can have peace. We are required to join them in their unwarrantable rebellion, become accessory to their crimes, and consent to sacrifice the last hope of permanently upholding republican institutions, or meet their invasions as becomes Kentuckians.

"We believe we have done our duty to a chivalric people who have forborne long, but will never fail as a last resort to resent an injury and punish an insult. We should hold ourselves unworthy to represent you if we had done less. The only error, we fear, is that we have not been as prompt, you may think, as the occasion demanded.

"Thrice have the revolutionists appealed to the ballot-box in this state, and thrice have the people expressed, by overwhelming majorities, their determination to stand by the Union and its government. They have not been active in this war, not from indifference or want of loyalty, but in the hope of better promoting a restoration of the Union, and checking the rebellion by that course. Our hope of an amicable adjustment, and a desire for peace, led us to forbear, until forbearance has ceased to be a virtue. The attempt to destroy the union of these states we believe to be a crime, not only against Kentucky, but against all mankind. But up to this time we have left to others to vindicate, by arms, the integrity of the government. The Union is not only assailed now, but Kentucky is herself threatened with subjugation by a lawless usurpation. The invasion is carried on with a ruthless destruction of property, and the lives and liberties of our people, that belong only to savage warfare.

"We have no choice but action, prompt and decided. Let us show the insolent invaders that Kentucky belongs to Kentuckians, and that Kentucky's valor will vindicate Kentucky's honor. We were unprepared because unsuspecting. An insolent and treacherous invader tells the people that their legislators have betrayed them; and he comes with fire and sword to correct their error, by a crusade against property, liberty, and life."

The position taken by the legislature was fully sustained by the people, and upon the reassembling of that body on November 27, very emphatic resolutions were adopted. The following extract shows their character:

"Resolved, by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, That Kentucky has ever cherished and adhered to the Federal Union, and she will cling to it now, in this time of its extremest peril, with unfaltering devotion. While at the beginning of the mad and wicked war which is being waged by the rebellious states for the destruction of the government, she forbore to take part, in the hope that she might interpose her friendly offices in the interests of peace, she has, nevertheless, sternly repelled every movement which looked to a change of her political relations, and has never swerved from her full and fervid loyalty to the noblest and freest government in the world. And now, since her proffered mediation has been spurned and her soil invaded by the Confederate armies, she deems it fit that she should announce to the world that, standing firmly by her government, she will resist every effort to destroy it; and she calls upon her true and heroic sons to rally around the standard of their country and put forth the whole energies of the commonwealth till the rebellion shall be overthrown, and the just supremacy of the national government shall be restored and maintained everywhere within its limits.

"Resolved, That the existing civil war, forced upon the national government without cause by the disunionists, should not be waged upon the part of the government in any spirit of oppression, or for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, or purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of any of the states, free or slave, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the constitution, and to preserve the Union with all the dignity, equality and rights of the several states unimpaired; and that as soon as these objects are accomplished the war ought to cease.

"Resolved, That in the adoption of the foregoing resolution by the national Congress, with unprecedented unanimity, at its late session, a rule of action was prescribed to the government from which it cannot depart without a disregard of the plighted faith of the national legislature, which we would be slow to believe can be seriously entertained. Against any such departure we solemnly protest.

"Resolved, That the purpose expressed in said resolution is the great end demanded, and that which inspires Kentucky with patriotic ardor to seek their achievement with all her loyal energies and means, in the confident hope of success, and belief that the country, saved, in our triumph, to us and to posterity, will still be glorious in the freedom of its people, in the unity of its government, and the security of society, and worth infinitely more than it cost to save it.

"Resolved, That slavery is a state institution, guaranteed by the constitution of the United States, and we cannot agree that the national government, to which we are and intend to be loyal, shall undertake the emancipation of slaves against the will of the slave-holding states."

Great honor should be given to the state of Kentucky for the course pursued by her during the first year of the war. Her position of determined neutrality at first taken, was to some extent a consequence of her geographical situation. Refusing to take sides with either North or South, her coolness moderated the fiery impetuosity of both. At the same time she was an enviable acquisition to each. The Federal administration, desirous to secure her hearty cooperation, saw plainly that it could not be obtained on any other terms than that of the constitution and the rights of the states. And every position taken by the administration was of such a conservative character as to meet the ultimate approval of the people of that state. Amid all the efforts of extreme partisans in the northern states to press the president into measures looking to emancipation, nothing was effected. The certain loss of Kentucky, and with her western Virginia and Missouri, stayed the government, even if there had been an inclination to, or conviction of the propriety of, such measures. As a consequence, Kentucky voluntarily entered the field for the Union, and by the end of the year approximately 26,000 men from that state were serving in Federal ranks.

The position of Kentucky relative to the affairs of the Union, on the whole, remained unchanged during the year 1862. Her determination was to sustain the Federal government in all its measures designed for an honest restoration of the Union without interference with the institutions of the states. A very considerable portion of her citizens, however, sympathized with the government of the Confederate States, and made valuable contributions to its aid.

There was not a cordial cooperation between the governor and the majority of the legislature. Several bills passed by the legislature were vetoed by him, such as an act to disfranchise all citizens who entered the Confederate service, and another requiring all clergymen to take an oath to sustain the constitution of the United States before performing the marriage ceremony, etc. These things, however, were soon lost sight of by the movements of the Federal troops, which engrossed attention. Kentucky was not only completely under their control, but the Confederate forces were driven beyond her limits. Even at this time the state had contributed more than its quota to the Federal army, and there was no military organization of the state but entirely acquiesced in this contribution. In August an extra session of the legislature was held on a call by Governor Magoffin. The governor condemned the invasion of the state by guerrillas under Colonel Morgan, expressed regret at the arrest of citizens without any legal process, and recommended the adoption of the resolutions proposed by Senator Crittenden at the last session of the 36th Congress, as a standing proposition for peace and the settlement of the war. Immediately afterward the governor resigned his office and James F. Robinson, secretary of state, was elected by the legislature to fill the unexpired term. The most important subject which came under the consideration of that body during that session was the resolution of President Lincoln proposing a system of gradual emancipation to be adopted by the border slaveholding states. The report of the committee on the subject stated that if a restoration of the Union, as it was, required the sacrifice of the value of their slaves, the people of Kentucky, in their opinion, would make it. It further says:

"But devoted as we are to the Union, we do not feel that our loyalty demands at our hands the adoption of the measure proposed. We do not agree with the president that the gradual emancipation of the slaves in the border states would bring about a speedy termination of the war. Unhappily for our country, the dominant party in the Congress of the United States are bent on the destruction of the constitution and the Union. No curse which the direst enemy of our country could have imposed would, in our opinion, have borne more bitter fruits than the action of that party has produced. We have viewed with alarm the rapid strides which the dominant party in Congress has made toward the prostration of every guarantee which the constitution provides for the dearest rights of the people. They have endeavored, through the instrumentality of the executive and Congress, to strip the people of the disaffected states of their property; they have passed confiscation bills, in utter violation of the plain prolusions of the constitution; they have sought to take away from those people their state governments and reduce them to a state of territorial vassalage; they have declared their purposes to free the slaves of the rebel states and elevate them to an equality with the white man; they have declared that the war should be prosecuted until slavery shall be swept from the entire land; they proclaim that they are against restoration of the Union unless slavery is abolished.

"The people of Kentucky justly feel horror and alarm at the enunciation of such doctrines. They will oppose them by all peaceable means, and if the time should come when the counsels of reason shall no longer be heeded, when the barriers erected by the constitution shall no longer afford protection, then will Kentucky rise up as one man and sacrifice the property, and, if need be, the lives of her children, in defense of that constitution under which alone we can ever hope to enjoy national liberty. We deny what has been so often asserted by that party, that the question of slavery is the cause of the war. Disappointed ambition, grovelling lust of office and power produced it. Slavery was but the pretext for the execution of a purpose long nourished to overthrow the government."

The report closed with a recommendation that a system of gradual emancipation of slaves be declined. This course was followed by the legislature, and no action taken on the subject. On other subjects its action was such as to sustain the Federal government in the great objects for which the war was originally declared to have been undertaken. The assembly, although expressing a conviction that the quota of troops from the state, under the calls of the president made in July and September, would be raised by voluntary enlistment, nevertheless passed an act by a vote of 64 to 9 authorizing a draft. On the approach of the Confederate force to Lexington in September the legislature adjourned to Louisville. The archives of the state were also removed.

The number of the enrolled militia of Kentucky was 119,577. Out of this number 37,444 entered the Federal service for three years; 11,911 for one year; 413 for nine months, and 1,770 for 60 days; making an aggregate of 51,538, which was almost one-half of those between the military ages. From the beginning of the war to November 30, 1863, the state had advanced on account of the United States government, in recruiting, arming, equipping, subsisting and paying volunteers, the sum of $2,196,611. Of this sum $861,221 was refunded and $605,000 credited as the proportion of taxes levied on the state, leaving a balance of $730,390. Notwithstanding many counties of the state had been so overrun by invaders and desolated by guerrillas and marauders that no revenue could be collected within them, the balance in the treasury on October 10, 1863, was $808,387.

The position of Kentucky as one of the border slave states imparted more than ordinary interest to the political proceedings in the state. The legislature elected in August, 1861, commenced its last session at Frankfort early in January, 1863. The measures presented in this body represented the views of the people of the state. It was unequally divided, and the views of each division are to be found in the resolutions which they recommended for adoption. On February 27 the assembly adopted the following series of resolutions. They were subsequently adopted in the senate, with the exception of the 11th:

"1. Resolved, That our institutions are assailed by an armed rebellion on one side, which can only be met by the sword; and on the other by unconstitutional acts of Congress and startling usurpations of power by the executive, which we have seen by experiment can be corrected by the ballot-box. Policy, as well as principle, requires that Kentucky shall await the process of reform, which is slow but sure, and refrain from all unlawful and unconstitutional acts which have already brought terrible calamities upon the country; whilst we invoke the aid of all patriotic men to avert the evils that threaten our free institutions.

"2. Resolved, That this general assembly declares, as before it has oftentimes declared, that the state of Kentucky hath ever been, and is, loyal to the government of the United States of America, and is determined to maintain that loyalty against both domestic and foreign foes.

"3. Resolved, That this general assembly recognizes a manifest difference between the administration of the government and the government itself—the one is transitory, limited in duration only to that period of time for which the officers elected by the people are charged with the conduct of the same; the other is permanent, intended by its founders to endure forever.

"4. Resolved, That this general assembly now in the exercise of its right to differ in opinion with the national executive, enters its solemn protest against the proclamation of the president of the United States, dated January 1, 1863, by which he assumes to emancipate all slaves within certain states, holding the same to be unwise, unconstitutional and void.

"5. Resolved, That this general assembly declares that the power which has recently been assumed by the president of the United States, whereby, under the guise of military necessity, he has proclaimed and extended martial law over states where war did not exist, and has suspended the writ of habeas corpus, is unwarranted by the constitution, and its tendency is to subordinate civil to military authority, and to subvert constitutional and free government.

"6. Resolved, That this general assembly declines to accept the president's proposition for emancipation, as contained in his proclamation of the 19th of May, 1862.

"7. Resolved, That this general assembly deems it proper further to declare that it, together with all the loyal people of the state, would hail with pleasure and delight any manifestation of a desire on the part of the seceded states to return to their allegiance to the government of the Union, and would, in such event, cordially and earnestly cooperate with them in the restoration of peace and the procurement of such guarantees as would give security to all their interests and rights. "8. Resolved, That Kentucky will adhere to the constitution and the Union, as the best, it may be the last, hope of popular freedom; and for all the wrongs which may have been committed, or evils which may exist, will seek redress under the constitution, and within the Union, by the peaceful but powerful and irresistible agency of the suffrages of a free people.

"9. Resolved, That this general assembly hails with pleasurable hope the recent manifestations of conservative sentiment among the people of the non-slaveholding states in their late elections, and regard the same as the earnest of a good purpose on their part to cooperate with all other loyal citizens—give security to the rights of every section, and maintain the Union and the constitution as they were ordained by the founders of the republic.

"10. Resolved, That, in the judgment of this general assembly, a convention should be called for the purpose of proposing such amendments to the national constitution as experience has proved to be necessary to maintain that instrument in the spirit and meaning of its founders; and to that end we reaffirm and adopt the resolutions recommending a call for a convention of the United States, approved January 25th, 1861.

"11. Resolved, That it is expedient for the Mississippi valley states, as soon as practicable, to hold a convention of advice and consultation, with a view to determine what is best to be done for the preservation of the whole government, and for the purpose of maintaining their integrity and union, and to prevent any one or more states from seizing and appropriating to themselves the exclusive use of the mouths of the Mississippi river, and imposing export and import duties on the commerce and navigation of the other states.

"12. Resolved, That the laws of this state must be maintained and enforced, and that it is the duty of the constituted authorities of the state to see to it, that by all constitutional means this indispensable end shall be attained. "13. Resolved, That the governor be requested to forward a copy of these resolutions to the president of the United States, and to the governor of each state, with a request that he lay the same before the legislature of his state, and to each of our senators and representatives in Congress. Our senators are instructed, and our representatives requested, to use their best efforts to accomplish the objects of these resolutions.

" The following preamble and resolutions expressing the views of the minority of the legislature, were offered in the senate and assembly, on January 19, and although they failed to be adopted they acquired an importance in connection with subsequent events in the state.

"In times of war, as in peace, the constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land. It prescribes the powers of the government in its executive no less than in other departments, and it is the only bond of union between the states. The Federal government, as defined by the constitution, when exercising the powers granted to it is entitled to the allegiance of the people; but loyalty to the government does not impose upon the citizen any obligation to support an administration in the enforcement of a policy unauthorized by the constitution or forbidden by its provisions; but it is the duty of all good citizens to resist encroachments upon their rights, and to defend the constitution of their country from violence. He who upholds the executive or any other department of the government in the violation of its provisions is disloyal to the constitution and an enemy to the freedom of his country. The Federal government, deriving all its legitimate powers from the constitution, is, therefore, the creature of the constitution, and has no power in any department to suspend any of its provisions, or throw off its restrictions under any pretense whatever. The maxim that 'governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.' is one. which we ought never to forget. It involves a fundamental principle of freedom—one asserted by our ancestors, and for which they fought and won our independence of the British crown, and which we never can surrender. It should also be borne in mind that governments were instituted for the protection of life, liberty and property, and that such as fail to perform this duty will, sooner or later, be overthrown by an intelligent, virtuous and courageous people. The history of the present administration of the Federal government is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, tending directly to the overthrow of state authority and state institutions, and a consolidation in the Federal government of all political power, and the erection upon their ruins of a great military despotism as tyrannical and despotic as the worst governments of Europe, to prove which we refer to the following facts:

"The president has, without authority of Congress, suspended the writ of habeas corpus—thus striking a deadly blow at the liberties of the people. He has caused citizens to be arrested, transported to distant states, and incarcerated in loathsome prisons, without charge or accusation against them. He has denied to citizens thus arrested and imprisoned a trial by jury, or indeed any trial, and has withheld from them all knowledge and information as to their accusers or the cause of their arrest. He has subjected his prisoners thus held to barbarous and inhuman treatment, endangering both life and health, and has required hundreds of them so held, as a condition upon, which they might be released,, to take illegal oaths arbitrarily prescribed by himself or his agents. He has attempted to destroy the freedom of the press by the forcible suppression of newspapers, because they saw proper to criticise the measures of his administration; and such as have escaped suppression have been subjected to a censorship wholly incompatible with freedom of thought or expression of opinion. He has attempted to destroy the freedom of speech, by arresting citizens who animadverted upon the measures of his administration. He has caused to be arrested persons engaged in circulating petitions for the signatures of the people; thus interfering with the right of petition. He has wholly disregarded the right of the people to be 'secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures.' He has interfered with the administration of justice in the state courts by violently forcing the judges to adjourn, dispersing their grand juries, and by breaking open jails and releasing prisoners confined under regular judicial process for felonies and other crimes. He has in some of the states, among which is Kentucky, forcibly wrested from the citizen his right to be the candidate for office within the gift of the people, thus striking down the elective franchise; and eminent citizens of this state are now in confinement beyond its borders for no other known reason than that they presented themselves as candidates for office before the people. He has quartered soldiers in the houses of citizens against their will, and not in the manner prescribed by law. He has permitted his troops to overrun this state, destroying houses, and fencings of farms and lots. They have sacked the houses of peaceful citizens, destroyed their furniture, family pictures, carpets, clothing, and other articles of household goods, and robbed them of their silver ware, stock and provisions. He has permitted his wagon masters and others, with armed soldiers, to seize the corn, oats, hay, etc., of our citizens for the use of the armies, without their consent, and without just discrimination as to whether the farmer could spare the articles or not—fixing their own price upon them, making their own estimate as to the value and the quantity taken, and giving no receipt or name whereby the owner could successfully seek his pay; and often, when vouchers were given, they were so informal that no money could be drawn upon them.

"He has permitted his officers and soldiers to entice slaves in great numbers to leave their masters and owners, and to take them within their camps, and there, with bayonets, to protect them from reclamation; and when civil suits have been brought for their recovery, in may instances the process of the court has been resisted by armed forces, and the owner of the slaves maltreated and imprisoned, for no known cause other than his attempt thus to recover and protect his property.

"He has permitted his officers and soldiers, without authority of law, to levy large contributions of money upon unoffending citizens, under the pretense of reimbursing other citizens for losses sustained by the casualties of war. He has permitted his officers and soldiers with impunity to murder peaceable citizens. He has given his assent and approval to acts of Congress appropriating and proposing to appropriate enormous sums of public money to purchase the freedom of slaves and their deportation to some foreign country, and has invited the border slave states (including Kentucky) to liberate their slaves, with promises of compensation from the Federal treasury. He has set aside the constitution of the United States by giving his official sanction to an act of Congress creating a new state within the territory of Virginia without her consent. He has, without constitutional authority, aided in freeing the slaves of the District of Columbia. He has, in violation of the constitution, by proclamation, declared free all the slaves in many of the states, invited them to vindicate their freedom by force, and sought an alliance with them in a war waged against their masters—a monstrous and iniquitous act sanctioned by no law, human or divine, finding no parallel in atrocity in the history of barbarous nations. He is spending large sums of money, appropriated by Congress for the support of the army, in feeding and clothing slaves stolen from their masters.

"In view of the foregoing facts, the truth of which cannot be denied, we do firmly believe, and solemnly declare, that any assistance furnished the executive in the further prosecution of the war upon the basis of his present policy, tends immediately and directly to the overthrow of both the Federal and state governments: Wherefore,

"1. Resolved by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, That Kentucky will, by all constitutional means in her power, protect her citizens in the enjoyment of the elective franchise, the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus, the security of their persons and property against the unconstitutional edicts of the Federal executive, and their enforcement by the army under his control.

"2. Resolved, That, by the constitution of the state of Kentucky, 'the right of the owner of the slave to such slave, and its increase, is the same and as inviolable as the right of the owner to any property whatever;' that 'Kentucky understands her own interests too well to be thankful for gratuitous advice as to the mode in which she should manage them; and when she wants the assistance of any outside administration of her affairs, she claims the privilege of originating the suggestion;' consequently the proposition made by Abraham Lincoln, for her to emancipate her slaves, is hereby rejected.

"3. Resolved, That the object and purpose of the war having been perverted by the party now in control of the government, in violation of its oft-repeated and most solemn pledges, our senators in Congress are instructed, and our representatives are requested, to oppose any further aid in its prosecution by furnishing either men or money.

'4. Resolved, That the proclamations of the president, dated September 22, 1862, and January 1, 1863, purporting to emancipate the slaves in certain states and parts of states, set forth therein, are unwarranted by any code, either civil or military, and of such character and tendency as not to be submitted to by a people jealous of their liberties.

"5. Resolved, That the act of Congress, approved by the President, admitting Western Virginia as a state, without the consent of the state of Virginia, is such a palpable violation of the constitution as to warrant Kentucky in refusing to recognize the validity of such proceeding.

"6. Resolved, That Kentucky will cordially unite with the Democracy of the northern states in an earnest endeavor to bring about a speedy termination of the existing war; and to this end we insist upon a suspension of hostilities and an armistice to enable the belligerents to agree upon terms of peace.

"7. Resolved, That commissioners from this state be appointed, whose duty it shall be to visit the Federal and Confederate governments, at Washington and Richmond, and urge them respectfully to agree upon an armistice for the purposes therein contemplated.

"8. Resolved, That the governor of Kentucky is hereby requested to forward a copy of the foregoing preamble and resolutions to the president of the United States, and to each of our senators and representatives in Congress."

On January 29, 1863, the minority members of the legislature, and a large number of persons from various counties of the state, met in the evening in the senate chamber in the capitol, organized a meeting, and adopted the preceding preamble and resolutions in the form in which they had been offered in both houses of the legislature. Various propositions were then discussed in reference to calling a convention of the people, nominating candidates for state offices and members of Congress, to be chosen at the usual election in August, when the meeting adjourned to the next day. At the second meeting a state central committee was appointed, and instructed to call a state convention to nominate candidates for governor and other offices, to meet at Frankfort on February 18. On the next day, January 31, this committee issued a call for a convention. Previous to its meeting an application was made to the assembly of the legislature for the use of its hall, which was refused. At the appointed time the convention assembled at Frankfort, but was soon dispersed by Colonel Gilbert, the commander of a regiment of Federal soldiers. Says the "Louisville Journal," in July:

"The convention was dispersed, and the movement for the reorganization of the secession party of Kentucky, under the name of Democracy, as respects public and formal action, was suddenly arrested. At this point two courses lay before the leaders of the movement. They were compelled to abandon the movement for the present election, or else to organize secretly, and selecting candidates in the main from the new recruits of the party, with but a comparative sprinkling of original secessionists, quietly to put them in the field without the intervention of any public or formal action. In a word, they had either to throw up their scheme for the present, or to prosecute it by indirection. They unhesitatingly chose the latter course. It is not probable that they so much as seriously thought of the former. And the course they chose they have pursued with energy and with considerable skill. The result, with respect to organization, we are not able confidently to state, though secret societies under the style of 'Democratic Associations' have been established certainly in many parts of the commonwealth and probably in all; but, with respect to candidates, the result is at last before the public in a complete 'Democratic ticket' for the state, the candidates having been required to steal out to their places in the ticket one by one or in little groups, as the stars appear to steal into their places in the twilight sky, the managers apparently considering that to allow the ticket all at once to burst forth in constellated splendor might challenge too forcibly the attention of the authorities. But at last the ticket is out in full."

Meanwhile the majority of members of the legislature, known as Union members, assembled in the hall of the assembly, on the evening of February 16, and agreed to "recommend to the Union Democracy of Kentucky that they assemble by delegation in convention in Louisville on March 18, to nominate suitable persons as candidates for the various state offices." At the appointed time the convention assembled at Louisville. Delegates were present from 103 counties, and the convention contained more than 1,000 members. Joshua F. Bell was nominated for governor and a series of resolutions were adopted. On April 24 Mr. Bell declined the nomination for governor, for the reason that his private affairs, which had been much neglected during the two previous years of trouble, demanded his whole attention. The state central committee on May i tendered the nomination to Thomas E. Bramlette, who accepted it, and the platform was thus explained by him in a speech delivered in Louisville on July 18:

"Its first resolution approved and endorsed the principles contained in the joint resolutions upon Federal affairs, adopted by our legislature. The spirit of these resolutions declared the loyal attachment of Kentucky to the government of the United States, and our determination to maintain it; recognized the difference between a transitory administration of the government, limited to an official term, and the government itself, which is permanent, and was intended by its founders to endure forever; declared dissent from and entered its protest against the emancipation proclamation as unwise, unconstitutional, and void; denounced the extension of martial law over states where war did not exist, and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus as unwarranted by the constitution, tending to subordinate civil to military authority and to subvert constitutional and free government; declared we would hail with delight any manifestation of a desire on the part of the seceded states to return to their allegiance, in which event we would cordially cooperate with them in the restoration of peace and the security of such guarantees as would protect all their interests and rights; hailed the triumph of conservative sentiment in the non-slaveholding states as manifested by the then recent elections, and asserted that the laws of the state must be maintained and enforced, and that it was the duty of the constituted authorities to see that this indispensable end should be attained by all constitutional means. These points of undying devotion and loyalty to the government, and the determination to adhere to it and preserve it at all hazards; the duty of the state government to see the law executed; the condemnation of the radical measures of the Federal administration in power, and the pledge to correct them by peaceful and constitutional means through the ballot-box, all meet my most cordial approval and support. There is no issue made against them in Kentucky, and therefore there is no necessity to discuss them here, and I have not discussed them at length, because they are entertained in common by all the Union Democrats, and as our opponents say they hold the same sentiments, there is therefore no issue to be taken with them. But the second resolution of our convention declared that the present causeless and wicked rebellion should be crushed by the whole power of the Federal government, and the national authority restored over all the revolted states, and for the accomplishment of that object we are willing to devote our whole resources if necessary. On this resolution our opponents take issue; all the rest are unopposed."

The election was held on the first Monday in August. A general act of the legislature and amendments thereto, passed in 1862, constituted the laws of the state regulating elections. The statute required that, so long as there are two political parties in the state, each should be represented in the officers of every election precinct. An amendment adopted March 15, 1862, declared that those who had engaged in rebellion for the overthrow of the government, or who had in any way aided, counselled, or advised the separation of Kentucky from the Federal Union by force of arms, or adhered to those engaged in the effort to separate her from the Federal Union by force of arms, should not be deemed one of the political parties of the state. They, therefore, could not be officers at any election. Another amendment, adopted March 11, 1862, declared that all citizens who should enter the service of the so-called Confederate States, in either a -civil or military capacity, or into the service of the so-called provisional government of Kentucky, and continue in such service after the passage of this amendment, or who shall take up or continue in arms against the military forces of the United States or the state, or shall give voluntary aid and assistance to those in arms against said forces, shall be deemed to have expatriated themselves, and shall no longer be citizens of Kentucky, nor may be again, except by permission of the legislature. Whenever any person attempted to exercise any legal right of a citizen of Kentucky, he might be required to negative on oath this expatriation. Persons who aided in attempting to break up or prevent any election from being held anywhere in the state were liable to be fined from $50 to $500, or imprisonment not more than one year. Officers who failed to arrest such offenders might be punished by fine and imprisonment. Persons offering to vote, who should make false statements under oath, should be deemed to be guilty of perjury, and suffer the penalties for that offense. Previous to the election, Governor Robinson issued a proclamation stating the law relative to elections, and the oath that a voter might be required to take. It was called the "oath of loyalty," and, as administered in the city of Louisville, was as follows:

"I,…. of,…. county of,…. state of,…. do solemnly swear that I will bear true allegiance to the United States, and support and sustain the constitution and laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land, anything in any state constitution or laws to the contrary notwithstanding, and that I will not take up arms against the United States, nor give aid and comfort, by word or deed, to the enemies thereof, or to those now in rebellion against the United States; and that I disclaim all fellowship with the so called Confederate States and Confederate armies; and that I will faithfully keep and observe this my solemn oath of allegiance to the government of the United States of America, with a full understanding that death or other punishment by the judgment of a military commission will be the penalty of its violation."

General Burnside, who was in command of the Department of the Ohio, which included the central and eastern part of the state, issued a proclamation previous to the election; in the western part of the state and in Henderson county other military orders were also issued; and on July 16 Colonel Johnston published an order at Smithland, directing the judges and clerks of the election in the adjacent counties "not to place the name of any person on the poll books, to be voted for at the election, who is not a Union man, or who is opposed to furnishing men and money for a vigorous prosecution of the war against the rebellion. Any person violating this order will be regarded as an enemy to the United States government, and will be arrested and punished accordingly." The effect of General Burnside's proclamation on the result of the election was thus reported by the press:

The "Cincinnati Commercial" said: "It had no more effect upon the election than would have been produced by a small boy whistling 'Yankee Doodle' at the state capitol, at 6 o'clock in the morning. It was unwise to issue such a proclamation, as the only effect it has produced is in giving a color of plausibility to the pretense made by the Wickliffe party, that they were defeated by bayonets. The proclamation didn't influence the election, but it has impaired, if not destroyed its moral force."

The "Louisville Journal" said: "There never was more fairness, more justice, more freedom in the election, than was practiced and accorded by the friends of the Union last Monday."

In reply to this the "Louisville Democrat" said: "Below we continue further correspondence from different sections of the state, illustrating the 'fairness,' 'justice,' and 'freedom' of the election of Monday, August 3, 1863."

A memorial addressed to President Lincoln by Judge S. S. Nicholas, of Louisville, Kentucky, makes the following statement: "On August 1, Colonel Mundy, commanding at Louisville, issued his proclamation, with generous assurances to the citizens that their election should be protected against the interference of raiders, of whom no man had the slightest fear, but giving no promise against his own soldiers, as to whom at least one-half of the voters stood in the greatest apprehension. On the contrary, he said there would be a military guard at each voting place, accompanied by detectives, who knew 'the record of each resident in the several precincts, to point out to the guard any who shall attempt to perpetrate a fraud against the election law;' and that 'all who shall present themselves at the polls, and fraudulently attempt to vote, will be immediately arrested by the guard, and confined in the military prison.' Accordingly, on the day of election, there were 10 soldiers with muskets at each voting place, who with crossed bayonets stood in the doors, preventing all access of voters to the polls but by their permission, and who arrested and carried to the military prison all that they were told to arrest. But there were not very many arrested; it is said not more than 30 or 40, all of whom, with a few exceptions, were released the next day, it becoming early apparent that there was no need for undue intimidation to secure the success of the Bramlette ticket. Out of some 8,000 voters in the city, less than 5,000 votes were taken. How many of the missing 3,000 were deterred from attempting to vote cannot be ascertained, nor is it necessary, for the intimidation of 3,000 voters is no greater outrage than the intimidation of only 500. The interpretation generally put by the opposition party upon the order of Colonel Mundy was, that no man was to have the privilege of having his right of voting tested by the judges if pointed out to the guard, as proper to be arrested by any one of the colonel's detectives. He not having the semblance of legal or rightful power to interfere with the election, the most sinister suspicions were naturally aroused, and very many deterred from going to the polls, for fear they should be victimized to personal or party malice. Indeed it is rather matter of surprise that so large a number of the opposition party did go to the polls. Similar intimidation was not only practised in other parts of the state, but, from published proof and reliable information, there is no doubt that in very many counties the judges were so dastardly infamous as to submit to the military order and not permit the Wickliffe ticket to be voted for. The result is that there was not only direct military interference with the election, but it was conducted in most of the state under the intimidation of Federal bayonets."

The vote for governor was: Bramlette, 68,306; Wickliffe, 17,389; the total vote being 85,695, while in 1860 it was 146,216. All of the nine Congressmen elected were candidates of the Union Democratic party, and of the legislature, the senate consisted of 38 members, entirely Union; the house, 100 members, of which 5 or 6 were on the Democratic ticket. The governor elect was inaugurated on September 2. In his address, he thus stated the public sentiment of the state, as he regarded it to be expressed by the election:

"The recent elections clearly and unmistakably define the popular will and public judgment of Kentucky. It is settled that Kentucky will, with unwavering faith, and unswerving purpose, stand by and support the government in every effort to suppress th^ rebellion and maintain the Union. That for this purpose she will 'devote the whole resources of our government to crush the present causeless and wicked rebellion, and restore the national authority over the revolted states.' But whilst so devoting our -whole resources to uphold and maintain the government against rebellion, the same devotion to constitutional liberty will equally impel her to oppose her will to all unconstitutional, all wicked, unwise or hurtful measures of policy, which may be suggested or adopted in the prosecution of our defensive war. This she will do through the peaceful medium of the ballot-box, by the persuasions of argument, and the legitimate force of our constitutional tribunals. We will make no factious opposition; will adopt no mode of opposition which can in any manner check or retard those charged with the administration of the government in any legitimate effort to suppress the rebellion and restore the national authority over the revolted states. Kentucky will not affiliate with those at home, or in other states, whose manifest object is, under pretense of opposition to war measures, to cover their real purpose of crippling the energies of our government, paralyzing its arm of just defense, and forwarding the aims of the rebellion. The recent vote of Kentucky proclaims that she will not fraternize with rebellion, either open or covert; and with equal emphasis that she will not fraternize with those who would pervert our just defense into a fanatical war upon the constitutional rights and liberties of the people of the southern states. But firmly and immovably poised upon her own just, loyal and proud constitutional center, Kentucky will maintain the right, and support the constitution of the Union by all the powers and modes sanctioned by the wisdom of a humane experience and a just and legal warfare. 'Men and money' to crush the rebellion; votes and argument to correct legislative or executive policy, when erroneous. This is the proclaimed and deliberate will of Kentucky. This is her right and duty. She will maintain her right, and do her duty.

"We affiliate with the loyal men north and south, whose object and policy is to preserve the Union and the constitution, unchanged and unbroken, and to restore the people to harmony and peace with the government as they were before the rebellion. It is not a restored Union—not a reconstructed Union—that Kentucky desires; but a preserved Union, and a restored peace upon a constitutional basis."

At the session of the legislature, which commenced at the beginning of the ensuing year, the governor recommended that the penal code of the state be so amended as to provide proper preventive as well as punitive remedies for every form of treasonable action, whether it consisted in acts or words, which tended to promote or encourage rebellion. He also recommended that the laws be so amended as to give to any loyal man who suffered in person or property from invasions or raids, a right of action against any or all persons who, after the passage of such act, might aid, encourage, or promote rebellion, either by acts or words of encouragement, or by approval, or by manifesting an exultant and joyous sympathy upon the success of such raids.

In the execution of the act of Congress for the enrollment and draft, the free negroes of Kentucky were not enrolled. The number of able-bodied men of that class was estimated between 300 and 500. A strong protest was made by the people to the enrollment of those persons, and no return of them was made.

The manifest purpose of the Federal government to bring the able-bodied negroes of Kentucky into the army, produced much excitement in the state early in 1864. On December 10, 1863, the governor was notified by Captain Edward Cahill, that he had been ordered to Kentucky to recruit free colored men for the army, and the assent of the governor to the necessary proceedings was requested. In a letter to General Boyle on the subject, dated January 13, the governor said: "No such recruiting will be tolerated here. Summary justice will be inflicted upon any who attempts such unlawful purpose." But on February 24 Congress passed an act directing that all able-bodied male colored persons between 20 and 45, resident in the United States, should be enrolled and form a part of the national forces. Under this act the enrollment of colored men was commenced in the state, and on March 22 the governor proceeded to Washington, the object of his mission being to have the law modified, if possible, so far as it effected the enrollment in Kentucky. He was quite successful in the object of his visit, and an agreement was entered into that allayed somewhat the intensity of the feeling among the people of Kentucky in regard to the enlistment of negro troops.

The state continued its attitude of unswerving loyalty to the Union until peace had been restored. The closing year of the war was fraught with much suffering and privation on the part of the people of the state. Hostilities had degenerated into a guerrilla warfare of direful intensity, destructive of both life and property, but through it all the gallant "Corn cracker State" maintained consistently the position she had assumed from the first. No state in the Union has a record that equals hers in the matter of consistent loyalty to expressed ideals. Firm in her devotion to the Union she cheerfully furnished men and money to assist in preserving the same; and to what she considered the unconstitutional acts of the administration she gave an emphatic condemnation by an overwhelming majority at the ballot-box. The muster-rolls of the adjutant-general's office make the number of men furnished by the state to the Federal armies to be 63,975 white soldiers on an enrollment of 113,410. The rolls in the same office further show that 20,438 colored troops were mustered into the Federal service from the state. In addition, about 5,000 were enlisted preparatory to being mustered in, making the aggregate of colored troops 25438. Thus, with a white and black male population of 133,742 between 18 and 45 years of age, the state contributed to the Federal armies 89,413. Apart from this force, there were employed in the service of the state for various periods 13,526 militia, or state troops. During the progress of the war, Kentucky expended in aid of the Federal government $3,268,224. Of this sum there had been refunded to the state by the close of 1865, the amount of $1,109,230, leaving a balance in favor of the state of $2,159,994. From this amount there was later deducted the sum of $713,695, being the state's proportion of the direct tax laid by act of Congress in 1861, thus making the final balance against the United States $1,553,353. In addition to that sum, the state expended nearly $1,000,000 in maintaining home troops for local and state defense. Could any showing be more potent than the above in illustrating the devotion of the state to the Federal Union and her earnest desire for the preservation of its integrity?

Always maintaining that loyalty to the government was one thing, and that approval of the acts of an administration was distinctly another, the people of the state registered their verdict upon the latter question at the presidential election of 1864, when they gave McClellan a vote of 64,301, and Lincoln 27,786, a majority for McClellan of 36,515.

Page 317


RECORD OF KENTUCKY REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonels, James V. Guthrie, David A. Enyart; Lieut.-Colonels, Bart G. Leiper, Frank P. Cahill, Alva R. Hadlock; Major, James W. Mitchell. This regiment was organized at Camp Clay, Pendleton, Ohio, in June, 1861, under Colonel James V. Guthrie, and was mustered into the tJ. S. service on June 4, to serve three years, being composed almost entirely of Ohio men. After organization it was ordered to the department of West Virginia, where it performed much valuable service in the early engagements of the war. Colonel Guthrie resigned December 21, 1861, Colonel David A. Enyart was commissioned in his stead and commanded the regiment until mustered out of service. In January, 1862, the regiment was ordered to the Department of the Cumberland, took an active part in the advance on Nashville, Tennessee, and participated in numerous battles in which loss was sustained. Co. E was detached as artillery in January, 1862, designated 1st Kentucky independent, or Simmonds' battery and also as the 23d independent battery, Ohio light artillery. The regiment was mustered out at Covington, Kentucky, by reason of expiration of term of service June 18, 1864. The men of this regiment who lost their lives in defense of the nation were 97 in number, 42 of whom were killed in battle, 15 died of wounds and 40 of disease. The official list of battles in which it bore an honorable part is as follows: Boone Court House, Chapmansville, Gauley bridge, Red House, W. Virginia; Shiloh, Tennessee; Corinth, Mississippi; Stone's river, Tennessee; Graysville and Chickamauga, Georgia.

Second Infantry.—Colonels, William E. Woodruff, Thomas D. Sedgewick; Lieut.-Colonels, George W. Neff, Warner Spencer, John R. Hurd; Majors, Oliver L. Baldwin, Fernando Cook. This regiment was organized at Camp Clay, Pendleton, Ohio, under Colonel Woodruff, and was mustered into the U. S. States service on June 13, 1861. The regiment which was composed almost entirely of Ohio men, left Cincinnati in July for Guyandotte, Virginia, marched to Barboursville and drove the Confederates commanded by Jenkins from the bluff; marched to Camp Poco, near Scary creek, at which place Colonel Woodruff, Lieut.-Colonel Neff and Captains Hurd and Austin were captured by the enemy; was engaged with Floyd at Gauley bridge, and from there went into winter quarters at Charleston, January 25, 1862. It was ordered to Bardstown, Kentucky, arriving at that place February 5, marched to Pittsburg landing, arriving there on the evening of April 6; participated in the siege of Corinth, Mississippi, after which it was quartered at Athens, Alabama, moved thence to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, to guard the railroad between that point and Nashville, and while detailed on that duty, Cos. E and G were captured by Forrest's cavalry in July, 1862. In September the regiment participated in the Bragg and Buell campaign through Kentucky. From Murfreesboro it moved to Chattanooga and took part in the battle of Chickamauga. On May 17, 1864, it left Ottawa Station, Tennessee, 15 miles from Chattanooga, for Kingston, Georgia, thence to Resaca, where it remained doing garrison duty until June 3, when it was ordered to Covington, Kentucky, to e mustered out. The following list of battles in which the regiment participated has been compiled during the preparation of this work:  Barboursville, W. Va.; Scary creek, Va.; Gauley bridge, W. Va.; Shiloh Tennessee; Bridge creek, Mississippi; Nashville, Tennessee, Corinth, Mississippi; Stone's river, Cripple creek, Tennessee; Chickamauga, Georgia. It was mustered out June 19, 1864. Loss during service 124, of whom 48 were killed in battle, 27 died of wounds and 49 of disease.

Third Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas E. Bramlette, William T. Scott, Samuel McKee, William H. Spencer, Henry C. Dunlap; Lieut.-Colonels, Daniel R. Collier, William A. Bullitt; Majors, Charles H. Buford, John Brennan. This was one of the regiments organized at Camp Dick Robinson in the summer of 1861. Government muskets having been brought to Lexington, and there being danger that the secessionists would seize them, a portion of the regiment moved to that place, with a detachment of the 1st Kentucky cavalry, in August, 1861. The regiment marched again to Lexington, September 18, and on October 1 returned to Camp Dick Robinson, where it was mustered into service October 8. On March 18, 1862, it proceeded by steamer to Nashville. It was then 900 strong. It was engaged in the movement upon Corinth, and when that place was evacuated, it marched by way of Iuka, Mississippi, to Tuscumbia, Alabama; thence by way of Courtland, Decatur, Mooresville and Huntsville, Alabama, Fayetteville, Shelbyville and Winchester, Tennessee, to Decherd, where it arrived July 22. The movement of Bragg into Kentucky commenced soon thereafter and the regiment marched with Buell's forces through Gallatin and Franklin to Bowling Green. It remained in Kentucky until October 30, when it marched by way of Edmonton, and Scottsville, Kentucky, and Gallatin, Tennessee, to Silver springs, where it arrived November 10. On December 27 it had an engagement with the enemy, at Stewart's creek near Lavergne, a report of which was made by Colonel McKee, commanding the regiment. In the battle of Stone's river the regiment bore its part in the most heroic manner and lost 12 killed and 77 wounded. Colonel Dunlap, in his report of the battle of Chickamauga and the movements immediately preceding, mentions the crossing of the Tennessee river at Shellmound, and that as Chattanooga was approached, Lieut.-Colonel Bullitt and Major Brennan led the skirmish lines, occupied Chattanooga September 9, marched next day toward Ringgold, speaks of bold skirmishing on the 11th at Rossville, led by the "gallant Bullitt." On the 12th, Bullitt, with a detachment, made a reconnoissance across the Chickamauga; engaged in the battle on the 19th, losing heavily in killed and wounded, but captured 118 prisoners; slept on arms that night; fought again on the 20th, the losses being 1 officer killed, 8 wounded, 12 men killed, 70 wounded. Colonel Harker, in his report of the charge on Missionary ridge, describes the great charge in which the regiment participated, especially complimenting Lieut.-Colonel Bullitt. Colonel Dunlap, in is report, says: "My loss was 4 enlisted men killed, 7 officers wounded, 54 enlisted men wounded." At the beginning of the Atlanta campaign the regiment moved with Harker's brigade, by way of Blue springs, Red Clay and Catoosa springs to Rocky Face ridge and engaged in the battle there. Throughout the campaign the regiment continued fighting all the way to Atlanta, being engaged at Resaca, Pumpkin Vine creek. Cedar mountain, Muddy branch, Kennesaw mountain, Nancy's creek, Peachtree creek, Atlanta, Utoy creek, Jonesboro, and other places. On September 9 the regiment started by rail for Nashville, where it arrived on the 12th. It remained there on duty until October 6, when it proceeded by rail to Louisville, where it was mustered out October 18, 1864. A portion of the regiment had reenlisted as veterans in March, 1864, and remained with the regiment until September 15, 1864, when the survivors were transferred to the 1st Kentucky battery at Nashville.

Fourth Infantry, Colonels, Speed S. Fry, John T. Croxton, Robert M. Kelly; Lieut.-Colonels, P. Burgess Hunt, Josephus H. Tompkins; Major.  Joshua W. Jacobs. This regiment was one of the three which President Lincoln authorized Lieut. William Nelson of the navy, a native of Mason county, Kentucky, to raise in Kentucky in the early summer of 1861. The day after the August election, Colonel Fry with a detachment from Danville, the nucleus of what became Co. A, opened Camp Dick Robinson. The next day organized companies and parts of companies for the 4th and three other regiments began to pour in and within a few weeks enough men to fill the four regiments had assembled. The first active service performed by any portion of the regiment was when a detachment of several companies, with a similar detachment from the 3d, was sent to Nicholasville to escort a wagon train loaded with' muskets and ammunition from Nicholasville to the camp. In the latter part of October the regiment moved to Crab Orchard and became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, Army of the Ohio. Its first participation in actual hostilities was at the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, in which action the regiment lost 1 officer (Lieut. J. M. Hall, Co. B,) and 8 men killed and 52 wounded, which was a pretty heavy percentage in a regiment depleted by sickness and detachments to less than 400 for duty. From Mill Springs the regiment marched by Coffey's mill, Danville, Lebanon and Bardstown to Louisville and there embarked on boats for Nashville, where it arrived March 4, 1862. It took part in the advance on Corinth, frequently skirmishing and sometimes sustaining loss. After the evacuation of Corinth it pursued the enemy as far as Booneville, Mississippi, and then returning to Corinth marched via Iuka to Tuscumbia. After a stay of some weeks at the latter place, Pulaski, Fayetteville, Lynchburg and Winchester to Decherd. Leaving the latter place for Nashville, it marched from there with Buell's army to Louisville. After the battle of Perryville, where the regiment was present though not engaged, it moved with the command via Danville to Crab Orchard, thence via Greensburg and Glasgow to Gallatin, Tennessee, thence to Castalian Springs, half way between Gallatin and Hartsville, and from there to Elizabethtown. It was joined at Munfordville by the 12th Kentucky cavalry and 13th Kentucky infantry and had a fight with Morgan's rear at Rolling fork; moved thence to Lebanon Junction and thence to Nashville. The regiment took part in the Tullahoma campaign and was in action at Hoover's gap, Concord church and near Tullahoma, but with slight loss. It went into action at the battle of Chickamauga with 19 officers and 360 men and lost 13 officers wounded, and 160 enlisted men killed and wounded. It took part in the action of Missionary ridge, ascending the hill on the extreme left of the Army of the Cumberland, but lost only 12 in killed and wounded. Early in January, 1864, the regiment reenlisted, and on the 19th returned to Kentucky on veteran furlough. Having received orders to be mounted, the regiment on May 16 again marched to the front, with 25 officers and about 550 well mounted men, armed, except Cos. A and K, which had Spencer carbines, with the Ballard breech loading rifle, which proved a failure in the first engagement. The regiment marched by wav of Nashville to Chattanooga, arriving early in June, and leaving Chattanooga it camped about 10 miles from Lafayette, Georgia. It participated in the fight at the latter place, losing only a few men wounded. The regiment was detained m Villanow valley and at Snake Creek gap for some weeks to protect the railroad, and had several slight skirmishes with raiding parties. It then joined the army advancing on Atlanta and had a sharp skirmish, with slight loss, at Mason's Church. It was attached to the 1st brigade, 1st cavalry division, and Colonel Croxton was assigned to command the brigade consisting of the 1st East Tennessee, 8th Iowa and 4th Kentucky mounted infantry, General Ed. McCook commanding the division. The regiment suffered severely near Lovejoy's Station, where, after marching all night, at daylight, while holding the rear, it was attacked by overwhelming forces and Lieut.-Colonel Kelly and nearly half the regiment were captured. The remainder broke through and caught up with the rest of the brigade near Newnan, where another sharp action occurred and the command was driven. After reaching camp Croxton with his brigade was ordered to Tennessee, where the regiment participated in the campaign against Forrest, having a sharp skirmish with loss, at Pulaski, being then commanded by Major Tompkins. When Hood crossed the Tennessee, it was in a sharp fight at Shoal creek, where it held a position enabling the command and artillery to fall back safely. The regiment moved with the cavalry in the battle before Nashville, took part in the pursuit of Hood and went into winter quarters at Waterloo, Alabama. In the spring of 1865 the regiment captured the ferry over the Coosa river, had a skirmish in approaching Tallapoosa, Alabama, and helped in the capture of the conscript camp at Blue mountain, one of the last fights of the war. It removed to Macon, Georgia, and after some marching in pursuit of the fugitive president of the Confederacy, remained in camp at that place till August 17, when it was mustered out and ordered to Louisville for final discharge.

Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Lovell H. Rousseau, Harvey M. Buckley, William W. Berry; Lieut.-Colonel, John L. Treanor; Major, Charles L. Thomasson. On July 1, 1861, six companies of men, organized in Louisville as the "Louisville Legion," crossed the river and went into camp on the Indiana side, the camp being named Camp Jo Holt. It was under the leadership of Lovell H. Rousseau that this movement was made and he became the colonel of the regiment formed of these and other companies. On September 9 the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service; on the 17th Rousseau led his men from Camp Holt, and proceeded under the command of Colonel W. T. Sherman to Muldraugh's hill. The regiment remained for some time on duty along the railroad to Bowling Green and Nashville. It arrived at Pittsburg landing in time to take part in the second day's battle at that place. From Shiloh the regiment went to Corinth and thence with Buell's army to Huntsville, Alabama. In the summer of 1862 it marched to Kentucky with Buell and on the way from Louisville to Perryville was engaged with the enemy at a place called Dog Walk near Lawrenceburg. After the battle at Perryville, in which although present it was not engaged, it went in pursuit of Bragg as far as Crab Orchard, thence to Bowling Green and Nashville, and camped on the road to Franklin. In the battle of Murfreesboro the regiment bore its part and lost a number of men in killed and wounded. The regiment also took part in all the movements about Chattanooga, and was in the battle of Chickamauga, under General Thomas, whose troops stood so bravely against superior numbers. The regiment was engaged at Orchard knob, where, among other casualties, Colonel Berry was wounded, but refused to retire. In the great engagement at Missionary ridge Colonel Berry was again wounded and rendered unable to walk. In that battle the regiment lost 47 killed and wounded. It engaged in the operations against Longstreet in East Tennessee during the winter, being about Knoxville, New Market, Strawberry plains, and Lenoir's station. While in East Tennessee a portion of the regiment went into the veteran organization and were transferred to the 2nd Kentucky veteran cavalry. The 5th participated in much of the fighting in the Atlanta campaign, first at Rocky Face ridge. At Resaca, it lost a number in killed and wounded, among the killed being Captain Ed. Miller of Co. G. Loss was also sustained at Pumpkin Vine creek, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Chattahoochee river, Peachtree creek and other battles around Atlanta. From Atlanta it returned to Nashville in August, 1864. The time of the regiment expired in September and it was mustered out at Louisville September 14, 1864. A portion of the regiment entered the veteran organization—between 80 and 100 men. These proceeded under charge of Captain John Baker from Louisville to Nashville and resorted to General Thomas for duty. They participated in the battle of Nashville and after that went on the pursuit of Hood's army as far as Athens, Alabama. From Athens they returned to Nashville; were then taken by way of Louisville, Pittsburg and Philadelphia to New York; thence by ocean transport to Hilton Head, S. C., and from there proceeded to Raleigh, N. C, where they joined Sherman's forces. After the surrender they returned to Louisville, where they were mustered out July 25, 1865.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Walter C. Whitaker, George T. Shackelford; Lieut.-Colonels, George T. Gotten, Richard C. Dawkins, Richard Rockingham; Majors, William N. Hailman, Alfred Martin, Richard T. Whitaker. This regiment was composed of three different organizations, each of which had originally been intended to be a regiment. Two companies had organized at Camp Holt, under Major John R. Pirtle, in July, 1861, and accompanied the troops which went from that camp to Muldraugh's hill, in September. In the latter month Colonel Walter C. Whitaker was commissioned to raise a regiment at Eminence, Kentucky, and about the same time William Elwang was authorized to raise a regiment at Louisville. The men recruited by Whitaker were brought by him to Louisville, where they united with those recruited by Elwang and went into Camp Sigel, on the Preston street road near the city. The two companies above mentioned were ordered to that camp from Muldraugh's hill, and the three contingents thus provided united in forming the 6th Kentucky infantry. In December it was brigaded with the 41st Ohio, 9th Ind. and 1st Ohio battery, under Colonel William B. Hazen of the 41st Ohio. In February, 1862, the division to which the regiment belonged was ordered to the mouth of Salt river, whence it proceeded by transport to Paducah and up the Cumberland to Nashville. From that place it accompanied Buell's army to Pittsburg landing and was heavily engaged in the second day's battle of Shiloh, being employed during the whole day, skirmishing, resisting and making charges, supporting batteries and making reconnoissances. The service it performed is shown by its losses, 26 killed on the field, and 91 wounded, 19 of the latter dying, making a loss of 45 killed. From Shiloh the regiment proceeded to Corinth, thence to Athens, Alabama, and in the summer and fall of 1862 accompanied Buell in the march to Louisville. After the battle of Perryville it marched as far as Columbia, Kentucky, then to Nashville and Murfreesboro, and in the battle of Stone's river its total loss on December 31 was in killed and wounded 107. On January 2 the regiment was again engaged, resisting an attack successfully and losing several killed and wounded. During the spring of 1863 the regiment was with the extreme left of Rosecrans' army and was twice engaged with the enemy— at Readyville and Woodbury, Tennessee. In the Chattanooga campaign, preceding the battle of Chickamauga, the only engagement the regiment had was the result of a reconnoissance to Eigho ferry. The part it bore in the battle of Chickamauga was first as reserve, but soon it was taken into the heaviest fighting and its loss in the battle was very heavy. Volunteers from the regiment manned the fleet which made the surprise at Brown's ferry and captured the pickets. The regiment was in the charge at Orchard knob, in the great battle of Missionary ridge, and participated in the capture of the two oft-mentioned guns, "Lady Buckner" and "Lady Breckenridge." With its accustomed gallantry and devotion to duty it participated in the various battles of the Atlanta campaign, including Dalton, Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Rocky Paceridge, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek, and other battles around Atlanta. The severe service of the regiment had reduced its strength, and the remaining members returned to Tennessee and garrisoned the railroad near Cowan's station until November 2, 1864, when it was taken to Nashville, where it was mustered out. A small number of the regiment reenlisted and were transferred to the 4th Kentucky mounted infantry. Of nearly 1,000 men who left Louisville in December 1861, only 130 returned; of the 38 commissioned officers only 10 returned, and of these only 6 escaped wounds.

Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Theophilus T. Garrard, Reuben May, George W. Monroe; Lieut.-Colonels, Joel W. Ridgell, John Lucas, T. J. Daniel; Majors, Isaac H. Cardwell, Hugh W. Adams, Elisha B. Treadway. This regiment was one of the first recruited in the state. It was organized at Camp Dick Robinson by Colonel Garrard and mustered in the U. S. service by General George H. Thomas, September 22, 1861. The engagement at Wild Cat was the first battle in which the regiment engaged, and in the spring of 1862 it participated in the expedition which resulted in the capture of Cumberland gap. It was in the celebrated retreat across Kentucky, and upon arriving at the Ohio river crossed to the Ohio side at Oak Hill. It was then ordered to General J. D. Cox in the Kanawha Valley and after remaining there a short time was ordered south to join the forces under General Sherman, then advancing upon Vicksburg. In the late fall of 1862 it proceeded by river transport by way of Memphis to its destination and participated in the celebrated assault at Chickasaw bluffs, which was a failure and great loss was incurred. It remained with the forces under General Sherman, and when Grant took charge of the Vicksburg expedition participated in all the movements, labors and service incident thereto—moving down the river below the city, crossing to the east side, marching out to Jackson, Mississippi, then turning and fighting the various battles preceding the siege, and was in the siege until the surrender. In December 1863, the regiment reenlisted, and in the veteran organization, received the veterans of the 19th and 22nd Kentucky infantry. It remained on duty in the Department of the Gulf, and in May, 1864, was ordered to join the Red River expedition under command of General Banks, in which campaign it suffered severely in killed, wounded and prisoners. It then remained at Baton Rouge doing garrison duty until May 1, 1865, when it was ordered to Clinton, East Feliciana parish, La. It remained at Clinton until ordered to Baton Rouge, where it was mustered out on May 11, 1866, and embarked for Louisville, Kentucky, at which place it received final payment and discharge.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Sidney M. Barnes; Lieut.-Colonels, Reuben May, James D. Mayhew; Majors, Green B. Broaddus, John S. Clark. This regiment was organized in Estill county in the fall of 1861 under Colonel Sidney M. Barnes, the men coming from Estill and adjoining counties. It engaged in the defense of eastern Kentucky some time before it was regularly mustered into the U. S. service. On November 28, 1861, General Thomas, commanding in that section of the state, ordered it to move from Irvine, the county seat of Estill county, to Lebanon. It was mustered into service January 15, 1862, by Captain C. C. Gilbert of the regular army and was at once attached to the 16th brigade. In April and May, 1862, the regiment, with other troops, was at Wartrace and Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in Dumont's division, 23d brigade, Colonel Duffield. It moved with Buell to Kentucky and on October 19 was at Crab Orchard. On December 9, with Matthews' brigade, it was engaged with the enemy near La Vergne, Tennessee, with severe loss, a number of the regiment being killed or wounded. In the battle of Stone's river, or Murfreesboro, it was under command of Lieut.-Colonel May, and the brigade was commanded by Colonel S. W. Price of the 2ist Kentucky infantry. In September, 1863, it participated in the movements preceding and leading up to the great battle of Chickamauga, and most gallantly bore itself through that engagement, the 21 st army corps being at that time under command of General Thomas L. Crittenden. The loss of the regiment in the battle of Chickamauga was 79 in killed, wounded and prisoners, losing its gallant leader, Colonel Mayhew. In that extraordinary assault, called "the battle above the clouds," the regiment, under its gallant colonel, Sidney M. Barnes, in Whitaker's brigade, led the way and planted its colors first on the top of the mountain. During the spring of 1864 it participated in the earlier movements of the Atlanta campaign, but was held at Chattanooga and vicinity doing guard duty. On December 28, 1864, it was sent to Bridgeport, Alabama, and in January, 1865, its term of enlistment having expired it was mustered out at Chattanooga, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 4th Kentucky infantry.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Benjamin C. Grider, George H. Cram; Lieut.-Colonels, Allen J. Roark, John H. Grider, Chesley D. Bailey; Majors, William J. Henson, William Starling. This regiment was recruited and organized by Colonel Grider in parts of the state contiguous to Columbia. It was mustered in November 26, 1861, at Columbia, by Major W. H. Sidell. In February, 1862, it marched to Nashville, thence with Buell's army to Pittsburg landing and participated in the second day's fighting at Shiloh. Colonel Grider, in his report, says that 4 of his captains were wounded, 2 dangerously; 3 lieutenants killed and 3 wounded, 14 men killed, 67 wounded. After the battle of Shiloh General Boyle was ordered to Kentucky and Colonel Samuel Beatty of the 19th Ohio took command of the brigade, the regiment moving with the army to Corinth. On May 21 while on outpost duty, it was in a fight that lasted the entire day. It was also engaged May 28 and 29. After the evacuation of Corinth the regiment marched to Rienzi and Iuka, Mississippi, thence to Tuscumbia, Florence, Athens, Huntsville and Stevenson, Alabama. It was then sent to Battle creek, Tennessee. Having spent the summer at those places it joined in the march of Buell's army to Kentucky, passing through Manchester, Murfreesboro, and Nashville, Tennessee, Bowling Green, Elizabethtown, Louisville, Mt. Washington and Bardstown, Kentucky After the battle of Perryville it marched through Somerset, Columbia and Scottsville, Kentucky, and Gallatin and Nashville to Murfreesboro, Tennessee. In the battle of Stone's river the regiment was in Beatty's brigade, Van Cleve's division. The loss on December 31 was great and the courage and coolness of the men were put to a severe test, but well did they meet the trying emergency. The losses of the regiment at this battle show how desperately it was engaged. Officers killed, 1; wounded, 7; men killed, 18; wounded, 80. It moved September 1, 1863, crossed the river at Battle creek; was at Shellmound September 5; from the 6th to the 9th about the base of Lookout mountain; reached Gordon's mills September 11; and was in the battle of Chickamauga. The loss of the regiment in the two days' fighting was 60 altogether. The regiment was engaged on November 23 and participated in the charge at Missionary ridge that has no parallel perhaps in any war. Colonel Cram reports his loss in this battle as 1 officer killed, 5 wounded; 4 men killed and 25 wounded. In the course of the Atlanta campaign the regiment was at Ringgold, Catoosa springs, Tunnel Hill, Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Kingston, Cassville, Pumpkin Vine creek, Dallas, Pickett's mill, Kennesaw mountain and Smyrna. The casualties in that campaign were 73, including 1 officer killed. The regiment finally reached Atlanta, followed in pursuit of Hood, and was then sent to Pulaski, Tennessee, under General Schofield. It was mustered out at Louisville in December 1864.

Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, John M. Harlan, William H. Hays; Lieut.-Colonel, Gabriel C. Wharton; Major, Henry G. Davidson. This regiment was mustered into service by Major Sidell, U. S. mustering officer, November a1, 1861. In connection with the first victory of note in the West— that of Mill Springs—the regiment played an important part, though it was sent on a movement which prevented its participation in the actual battle. From Mill Springs the regiment marched to Louisville, and from the latter place it went by steamboat down the Ohio and up the Cumberland to Nashville, and from Nashville it marched to Pittsburg landing. It accompanied an expedition up the Tennessee river on transports to Chickasaw, where the troops landed and penetrated the country to destroy a railroad bridge east of Corinth and near Iuka. After the capture of Corinth the regiment moved with Buell's army and in June was at Tuscumbia, Alabama. In July it garrisoned the town of Eastport, Mississippi. It crossed the river at Eastport and marched with trains to Florence, Alabama. On July 25 two companies (A and H) were posted to guard Courtland bridge, and while there a large force of Confederate cavalry under General Armstrong fell upon them and captured them. Captain Henry G. Davidson, who was in command of the two companies, complimented especially Captain Pendleton and Lieuts. Reynolds, Barry and Shively. Several of his men were wounded, and 11 of the enemy were killed and more than 20 wounded. The regiment garrisoned Winchester, Tennessee, in August, then made the long march to Louisville, and in the organization of the army at the time of the battle of Perryville was in Fry's brigade, Schoepf's division, the 3d army corps, General Gilbert, being brigaded with the 4th Kentucky, 10th and 74th Ind. and 14th Ohio. It followed in the pursuit of Bragg out of the state and then marched to Gallatin, Tennessee. In order to protect the railroad from Morgan's raid, Colonel Harlan left Gallatin, moved his brigade by cars as far up the road as they could go, then by rapid marching pushed on to Elizabethtown in time to engage in a fight with Morgan's men 10 miles beyond that place on the Rolling fork. Discovering a force of the enemy there, he says he ordered up the infantry at double quick. From the pursuit of Morgan the regiment returned to Nashville and on January 26, 1863, was sent by General Rosecrans with the 4th Kentucky and 74th Indiana, a cavalry detachment and a section of artillery, under command of Colonel Harlan, from Murfreesboro, toward LaVergne and Nolensville, to operate against the Confederate cavalry. The enemy was encountered and heavy skirmishing took place, but the enemy retired and the regiment remained on duty at LaVergne. It was with Rosecrans' army in the campaign from Murfreesboro during the summer of 1863, participated in the actions at Hoover's gap, Fairfield, Tullahoma, Compton's creek, and in September in the great battle of Chickamauga. The loss of the regiment in the latter engagement attests its gallantry; the official return of casualties shows that it lost 1 officer killed (Captain Bevill), 20 men killed, 9 officers and 125 men wounded, 1 officer and 10 men captured, making a total loss of 166. After the battle of Chickamauga the regiment remained with the army at Chattanooga and bore its part in the actions which occurred in November, culminating in the final charge upon and the capture of Missionary ridge. The next day it advanced with the pursuit to West Chickamauga creek, a distance of 8 miles, and the next day reached Ringgold. On the 28th it aided in destroying the railroad and bridges and on the 29th marched back to the camp at Chattanooga. In February, 1864, it advanced with the troops under General Thomas and fought at Rocky Face ridge. It was stationed at Ringgold, which was then the outpost of the army, until May 10, when it started on the Atlanta campaign, taking part in all the movements and engagements of that eventful summer, moving all the time with the troops under General Thomas. From Tunnel Hill to the capture of Atlanta, through the months of May, June, July and August, there was a continuous series of fights in the rough country of northern Georgia, at Resaca, Adairsville, Calhoun, Kingston, Kennesaw mountain, the Chattahoochee river, Peachtree creek, Utoy creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, and many other points. On July 9 the regiment had a notable and severe experience on the north Dank of the Chattahoochee, where it successfully resisted the advance of an entire brigade until reinforcements arrived. The regiment was mustered out at Chattanooga December 6, 1864.

Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, Pierce B. Hawkins, S. P. Love; Lieut.-Colonel, Erasmus L. Mottley; Majors, Woodford M. Houchin, Eugene P. Kinnaird. This regiment was recruited in the fall of 1861 by Colonel Hawkins of Bowling Green. The companies were formed in the Green river counties, Muhlenberg, Butler, Warren and Edmonson, and went in camp at Calhoun, where were assembled at the same time several other Kentucky regiments. The Confederates were then in Kentucky, at Bowling Green, Russellville, Hopkinsville and other places, and the Union regiments encamped at Calhoun and Owensboro prevented their advance to the Ohio river. Skirmishing and picket fighting was carried on during December and January, but in February, 1862, upon the fall of Fort Donelson the Confederates retired and the Federals at once advanced into Tennessee. The regiment marched from its camp at Calhoun to Owensboro and thence went by boat to Nashville. Its casualties in the battle of Shiloh were 5 killed and 46 wounded. The regiment remained several days on the battle-field and then advanced to Corinth, Mississippi, reaching Farmington about 2 miles from that place, and being daily on the skirmish line until the evacuation some days afterward. Under General Buell it left its camp at Farmington and marched via Iuka, Mississippi, Tuscumbia and Florence, Alabama. (crossing the Tennessee at the old Jackson crossing), to Athens, Huntsville, Stevenson and Battle creek, where it remained until Bragg started on his march to Kentucky. The regiment followed him, crossed the mountains and moved by way of Murfreesboro, Nashville and Bowling Green to Louisville, thence on by Bardstown and Springfield to Perryville, in which battle it took part as skirmishers. It continued in pursuit of Bragg via Danville, Lancaster, Stanford, Crab Orchard and Mt. Vernon to Camp Wild Cat, when the pursuit was ended. It then moved by way of Somerset, Columbia and Glasgow, to Nashville, thence to Murfreesboro and was in the fight at Stone's river, where its casualties were 7 killed and 85 wounded, including 4 officers. The regiment then returned to Bowling Green, where it remained from February to July. From Bowling Green, with other troops under command of General Manson, it took up the line of march by way of Burkesville, Kentucky, for Knoxville, where it became a part of General Burnside's army. It made frequent scouts toward and beyond Loudon and Sevierville; fought a battle at Rockford, across the river, in which it was victorious; made several scouts up the railroad to Lenoir's station, Philadelphia and Sweetwater, continually on the lookout until Longstreet approached Knoxville, fighting him at Lenoir's and Campbell's stations. The regiment endured the hardships of the siege of Knoxville; participated in numerous fights around the lines, in which loss was incurred; when the siege was raised the regiment with the other forces pursued Longstreet up the valley to Bean's station; was sent on several scouts and engaged in the battle at Bean's station when Longstreet turned upon his pursuers and gave them a hard fight. His attempt to capture them not only failed, but he suffered more loss than he inflicted. Then (Colonel Love being in command of his own regiment and the 27th Kentucky infantry) the march was to Kentucky in the midst of the winter, meeting on the way trains of provisions going to east Tennessee, from which Colonel Love supplied his command. Upon reaching Mt. Sterling, the regiment was dismounted and ordered back to East Tennessee, marching by way of Lexington, Lancaster, Stanford, Somerset, Point Burnside and Chit wood to Knoxville, where it remained until General Sherman took position around Marietta. It then proceeded by rail via Cleveland and Dalton to join his army, which it did a short distance below Kingston; participated in the fighting around Kennesaw mountain; thence through Marietta to the siege of Atlanta; took part in the battle in which General McPherson was killed; moved with Sherman's army to the south side of the city; struck the railroad at Rough and Ready; fought at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's station; then proceeded with the 25th corps to Nashville and from that place to Pulaski, Tennessee. It went thence by rail to Louisville and from Louisville returned to Bowling Green, where on December 16, 1864, it was mustered out.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonel, William A. Hoskins; Lieut.-Colonels, Laurence H. Rosseau, Montgomery Howard. Majors, William M. Worsham, Joseph M. Owens, Samuel M. Letcher. In September, 1861, the organization of this regiment was commenced. Co. A was mustered into service by General George H. Thomas at Camp Dick Robinson. A short time after this it moved to the Cumberland river, near Waitsboro, Pulaski county, where the other companies which had been recruited in the counties of Pulaski, Wayne, Clinton, Russell and Cumberland assembled and formally organized the regiment in October. Its first engagement was at the battle of Mill Springs, after which it marched south of the Cumberland to the little village of Clio, where it was regularly mustered into the U. S. service. After the fall of Fort Donelson it proceeded from Louisville down the Ohio and up the Cumberland to Nashville, reaching there about the middle of March, 1862. It arrived at Pittsburg landing April 9, passed over the battle ground, went on to Corinth and performed its full share of service on the picket and skirmish lines. From Corinth it marched to Booneville, Mississippi, thence to Tuscumbia, Alabama, where it remained until July 10. It then entered upon the great march which was prolonged from week to week until the army reached Louisville, a distance of more than 300 miles. On the battle-field at Perryville the regiment moved to different points with the reserves; but though constantly in hearing of the artillery and musketry, it was not brought into the engagement. Its next hard service was in Burnside's East Tennessee campaign. At the Watauga river it came up with the enemy and a sharp fight occurred, followed by daily skirmishing. At Blue springs the regiment was again engaged and suffered loss. The proposition of reenlistment as veterans being made to the regiment, scattering men from all the companies stepped forward, and in a moment nearly the entire regiment rushed to the new line. The men were granted a furlough of 30 days, at the end of which the regiment marched through Somerset, Stanford, Crab Orchard and Danville to Lebanon; from Lebanon it went by rail, being transported from Nashville to Chattanooga on the top of the cars of a freight train. Thence it went to Kingston, Georgia, by rail and from there marched toward the front. The first night out it reached "Burnt Hickory" and went into camp, where it was attacked about midnight, losing 1 man killed and several wounded. It participated in the continuous fighting of the Atlanta campaign. After crossing the Chattahoochee river it advanced with the 23d corps and took part in the battle at Peachtree again suffered, Captain George W. Hill being killed. It took part in the fight at Utoy creek, assisted to tear up the railroad at Rough and Ready, and suffered severe loss in the fight at Jonesboro. In November it was creek, where sent into Tennessee and on the 29th held a crossing all day at Duck river, losing 75 men in killed and wounded. The heaviest part of Hood's assault at the battle of Franklin the following day was on the Columbia pike, where he broke the front line, upon which the 12th and 16th Kentucky sprang forward and restored the line in their front. Other reserves, assisted by Opdycke's brigade, a little to the right, did not exactly restore the broken line in their front but improvised a new line which they held. At the battle of Nashville the regiment was again engaged, but suffered a loss of only 5 in killed and wounded. The 12th Kentucky was then transported to North Carolina, where it joined in the fight at Town creek and lost several in killed and wounded. From Wilmington the regiment proceeded to Kinston, N. C, where it took part in an engagement with the enemy. From Raleigh the regiment went to Greensboro about the last of April, and there remained until July 11, 1865, when the men were mustered out and started for Kentucky.

Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward H. Hobson, William E. Hobson; Lieut.-Colonels, John B. Carlisle, Benjamin P. Estes; Major, John P. Duncan. This regiment was raised in the fall of 1861, by Colonel E. H. Hobson, assisted by W. E. Hobson, who became its colonel when the former was promoted to brigadier-general, and it was known as Hobson's regiment. The men came principally from the counties along Green river, Green, Metcalfe, Barren, Warren and others adjoining. The regiment was mustered into service December 10, 1861, at Camp Hobson, near Greensburg, by Captain S. M. Kellogg. From Kentucky it marched to Nashville after the fall of Donelson, and thence proceeded with Buell's army to Pittsburg landing. In the battle of Shiloh the regiment was in Boyle's brigade, Crittenden's division, and its casualties were 8 killed and 41 wounded. From Shiloh the regiment marched with the army to Corinth and after the Federal occupation of that place it marched with Buell's army by way of Iuka, Florence, Tuscumbia and Huntsville to the Sequatchie valley. When Bragg moved to Kentucky, the regiment accompanied Buell's army via Nashville, Bowling Green and Munfordville to Louisville, and out to Perryville. The regiment was kept on duty in Kentucky until it was placed in the 2nd brigade of General Julius White's division, and marched through the mountains of Kentucky to East Tennessee. At Huff's ferry it encountered Longstreet's advance and heroically fought for several hours, losing 41 men, but staying the advance until the Union retreat was secure. It bore a gallant part in the great Atlanta campaign, being at Resaca, Dallas, Cassville, Allatoona, Kennesaw mountain, and all the battles around Atlanta, going on the grand movement south of the city to Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. After the fall of Atlanta the regiment was ordered to Kentucky, went on duty at Bowling Green and so continued until in January, 1865, when it was ordered to Louisville and was mustered out January 12, 1865.

Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Laban T. Moore, John C. Cochran, George W. Gallup; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph R. Brown, Orlando Brown, Jr., Rhys M. Thomas, Henry G. Gardner; Majors, William B. Burke, Drury J. Burchett. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1861, at Louisa, by Colonel Laban T. Moore, and was regularly mustered into the service December 10, 1861, by Lieut. C. B. Throckmorton of the regular army. It was engaged in numerous encounters before it was mustered into service, fighting at Ivy mountain and Middle creek. In the spring of 1862 General Buell sent an expedition under General George W. Morgan, to capture Cumberland gap. The approach was from both sides and the regiment engaged in a severe fight at Tazewell, Tennessee, in the movement from that side. The regiment remained on duty in Kentucky and in January, 1864, a portion of it reenlisted in the veteran organization. On April 13 it was in a sharp fight at Puncheon creek, Magoffin county; two days later it fought at Piketon; April 16 it was at Louisa, and May 9 in a skirmish at Pound gap. Then proceeding by rail it was at Cass Station and Burnt Hickory, Georgia. On June 2, in a fight near Pumpkin Vine creek, Captain Patrick was killed, whom General Hascall, in his official report, calls "a most brave and gallant officer." The regiment was engaged in all the movements of the Atlanta campaign, skirmishing, fighting, charging lines and defending positions, during the entire summer. The casualties of this faithful and gallant regiment in the Atlanta campaign were 157 in killed and wounded, including 8 commissioned officers. On November 15 it was assigned to the 1st military district of Kentucky and remained in that section during the remainder of its service. It was mustered out September 15, 1865, at Louisville, having been in service nearly four full years and achieved a splendid reputation for efficiency.

Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Curran Pope, James B. Forman, Marion C. Taylor; Lieut.-Colonels, George P. Jouett, Joseph R. Snyder, Noah Cartwright, William G. Halpin; Majors, William P. Campbell, Henry F. Kalfus, James S. Allen, Ahimaaz H. Chambers. The material of this regiment all came from Louisville and its vicinity. The regiment was organized in its camp at the fair-grounds near the city, and was immediately ordered to duty on the Nashville railroad. For a short time it encamped at New Haven, and thence went to Bacon creek, where on December 14, 1861, it was formally mustered into the service. From Bowling Green it proceeded to Nashville, Franklin and Mitchellville, Tennessee, and Huntsville, Alabama. In August, 1862, it entered upon the memorable march of Buell's army from Tennessee to Louisville. It was engaged in the severest part of the battle of Perryville, where the 3 field officers were killed, also Lieuts. McClure and McGrath and 63 men, and 200 were wounded. After the battle of Perryville it proceeded to Nashville, where it was assigned to Beatty's brigade, Rousseau's division, Army of the Cumberland, commanded by General George H. Thomas. It was engaged in the great battle of Murfreesboro, or Stone's River, where Colonel Forman and 80 others were either killed or wounded. In the movements immediately preceding the battle of Chickamauga and in that battle the regiment was in Beatty's brigade (1st), Negley's division (2nd), 14th army corps, General Thomas, and lost 5 killed and 43 wounded. On September 21 the brigade was fiercely attacked near Rossville, and General Negley says, after a brisk engagement with artillery and musketry the enemy was checked in the gap by Stanley's brigade and driven from the mountain crest by a gallant charge of the 15th Kentucky, of General Beatty's brigade. While not participating directly in the battle of Missionary ridge, it was under orders and its colonel, Marion Taylor, went personally into the battle with the division and was highly complimented for his service by the division commander, with whom he acted. On May 2, 1864, it was at Ringgold; then moved to Buzzard Roost, Rocky Face ridge, Snake Creek gap, Resaca, where the regiment suffered great loss by the death of Captain Irwin McDowell, who was killed on the enemy's works while cheering forward his men; was then with Sherman's army through May, June, July and August, in all the battles until Atlanta was captured, the regiment being at that time at Jonesboro. The loss of the regiment in that campaign was 61. After the capture of Atlanta the regiment was with Sherman's army until the march to the sea began in November, 1864, when it was assigned to the command of General Thomas in Tennessee. It was stationed at Chattanooga, and on October 8 was sent to Bridgeport, Alabama, where it remained on garrison duty until December, when it was ordered to Louisville. On January 14, 1865, it was mustered out, having served faithfully 3 years, 3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days. Of the 888 men mustered into service in 1861 over 400 were killed or wounded.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Charles A. Marshall, James W. Craddock,. James W. Gault; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph Doniphan, Joseph B. Harris, Thomas E. Burns, John S. White, Frank S. Hammer; Majors, James P. Harbeson, Frank E. Walcott. This regiment was recruited and organized in the fall of 1861 by Colonel Marshall, at Camp Kenton, Mason county. Being requested by General Nelson, Colonel Marshall called for volunteers for a regiment and in a very short time had the requisite number in camp from the counties of Mason, Fleming, Bracken, Lewis and Whitley. Before the regiment was mustered into the service it accompanied the expedition under General Nelson into eastern Kentucky, which resulted in the battle of Ivy mountain, where the Confederates under General John S. Williams were defeated and compelled to retire into Virginia. General Nelson mentions Colonel Marshall's advance against the enemy, and in leading a charge that he lost 4 men killed and 13 wounded. At the fair-grounds on the Mt. Sterling pike, near Maysville, the organization was perfected, and the regiment was mustered into service January 27, 1862. It remained in Kentucky, engaged in various duties, until August, 1863. when it was ordered to Glasgow, and thence marched with General Burnside's expedition to East Tennessee. At Kingston it aided in repelling an attack made by Confederate cavalry. It participated in the movements connected with the siege of Knoxville, afterward marched to Strawberry plains, thence to Mossy creek, where it was engaged in a severe battle in which the Federals under command of Generals Elliott and Sturgis successfully fought a large Confederate force under Generals Martin, Armstrong and Morgan and pursued them from the field. At Mossy creek, December 27, 1863, the regiment reenlisted and thence marched to Kentucky, crossing the mountains by way of Big Creek gap. The month of January was spent on "veteran furlough," and when that was over the men reassembled and went into camp at Louisville, where they remained performing guard duty during the months of February and March, 1864. In April the regiment was ordered to Camp Nelson, whence it marched through the mountains of Kentucky and by way of Jacksboro, Tennessee, to Knoxville. From there it proceeded by rail to Red Clay, Georgia, where it joined Sherman's army tor the Atlanta campaign. The regiment participated in the battle of Resaca, in which it lost 3 killed and 28 wounded. The reports show it was engaged in numerous battles and skirmishes in that campaign, at Cartersville, Etowah river, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, crossing of the Chattahoochee, around Atlanta, Jonesboro, and many other places. When the pursuit of Hood was abandoned and Sherman started with part of his army to the sea, the regiment was sent with the troops under General Thomas to Nashville; thence to Pulaski, Tennessee, under General Schofield; was severely engaged at the crossing of Duck river on November 29; and at the battle of Franklin suffered seriously, its actual loss in killed, wounded and missing being 83. In December the regiment was engaged in the great battle of Nashville, being with the 23d corps, which moved upon and attacked the left flank of Hood's army. A few days later it was sent with the corps down the river on transports and up the Ohio to Cincinnati, where it took passage over the Baltimore & Ohio railroad to Washington, D. C., and upon its arrival there went into camp at Stoneman barracks. In a few days it marched to Alexandria, Virginia, and embarked on an ocean steamer for Fort Fisher, N. C. The regiment was with General Cox and was engaged in severe fighting on the south side of Cape Fear river. On one day the regiment had an all-day skirmish with the 2nd S. C. cavalry, driving it on the road leading to Wilmington, and the next day it took part in the victorious battle of Town creek. Finally it arrived at Greensburg, thence marched to company shops, where it was mustered out June 1, 1865, and sent to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was paid off and disbanded, having served nearly four years, being the entire time on active, arduous duty.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, John H. McHenry, Jr., Alexander M. Stout, James M. Shackelford; Lieut.-Colonels, Benjamin H. Bristow, Robert Vaughan, Ion Nail; Majors, William B. Wall, Isaac Calhoon, David M. Claggett. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1861, and before its muster-in was engaged with the enemy at Big hill near Morgantown. After remaining at Camp Calhoon about two months, in January 1862, it was sent to join the command of General Grant and reached Fort Donelson in time to share in all the fighting that preceded the surrender. The casualties of the 17th Kentucky in that battle were 4 killed and 34 wounded. The regiment was next in the battle of Shiloh, in the brigade under Brigadier-General J. G. Lauman. The casualties were 1 officer killed and 1 wounded; 17 men killed and 67 wounded. On April 13, 1862, the 25th Kentucky, was formally consolidated with the 17th and under the latter designation continued during the remainder of its service. The consolidated regiment moved with the army to Corinth and was engaged in severe skirmishing, lasting nearly all the night before the evacuation and it was with the first troops to enter the place. From Corinth it marched with Buell's army to Huntsville, Alabama; in June it was at Athens; in July at Pulaski and Reynolds' station, Tennessee. It was with Buell's army in the march to Louisville, being often near Bragg's columns, and at the battle of Perryville was in Starkweather's brigade, Rousseau's division, McCook's corps. In December the regiment was ordered to Clarksville, Tennessee, where it remained until March, 1863, when it proceeded by steamboat to Nashville. In the organization of Rosecrans' army, July 31, 1863, the regiment was assigned to Beatty's brigade, Van Cleve's division, Crittenden's corps, where it remained until after the battle of Chickamauga, in which it was severely engaged both days. The casualties of the regiment in that battle were 1 officer killed, 2 wounded; 5 men killed, 103 wounded, and 15 missing. The regiment remained at Chattanooga until November 25, when it participated in the battle of Missionary ridge. After spending the winter in East Tennessee, it marched to Tunnel Hill, Georgia; advanced and suffered loss at Rocky Face ridge; also was engaged at Cassville, losing severely; fought at Pickett's mills, where Captain Thomas R. Brown was wounded; next was in action at Acworth; on June 17 Captain R. C. Sturgis received a wound from which he died; was in the fighting throughout the campaign about Kennesaw mountain, Dallas, Marietta, across the Chattahoochee, in the battles around Atlanta; and took part in the movement to Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station south of Atlanta. The loss during the campaign was 1 officer killed, 4 wounded, 7 men killed and 83 wounded. The regiment went with the 4th corps and in November was at Pulaski, Tennessee, the 4th and 23d corps being under General Schofield. The regiment participated in all the movements and engagements of that campaign, and after the battle of Franklin it was ordered to Louisville, where it was mustered out January 23, 1865. The following statistics of the regiment are taken from the official records at Washington: Total enlistments, 1,473; killed in battle or died of wounds received, 135; wounded in action, 363; died in hospital, prison, by accidents, etc., 163; total fatalities, 661.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonel, William A. Warner; Lieut.-Colonels, John J. Landrum, Hubbard K. Milward; Majors, Frederick G. Bracht, Abram G. Wileman, John W. Robbins, John J. Hall. This regiment was mustered into the U. S. service February 8, 1862. On June 16 a detachment under command of Lieut.-Colonel Landrum participated in the defense of Cynthiana, Kentucky, against John H. Morgan, where it sustained a loss of 2 killed. In August the regiment participated in the battle of Richmond, losing 52 killed, 115 wounded and almost the entire remainder of the command captured and paroled. On February 2, 1863, the remnant of the regiment left Louisville by boat for Nashville, Tennessee, where, upon its arrival, it was assigned to the brigade of Brigadier-General Crook. On June 23 it moved with the Army of the Cumberland and took part in the engagement at Hoover's gap, losing 2 killed and 3 wounded. It participated in the battle of Chickamauga, where it lost 8 killed, 40 wounded and 38 prisoners. From October 5 to November 23 it was on special duty, holding the line of the river near Chattanooga at a point known as "The Narrows," and at Brown's ferry, on which duty it lost 1 killed and 5 captured. On January 5, 1864, of 300 men present, 272 reenlisted as veterans and the command was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, by rail, to receive veteran furlough. On February 1 it received a 30 days' furlough at Louisville, at the expiration of which it rendezvoused at Paris, Kentucky, and on March 12 started by rail for Nashville, Tennessee, whence it marched on the 22nd for Ringgold, Georgia, a distance of 200 miles, to join the main army. There it had several skirmishes, in one of which Captain J. B. Heltemus was captured. On September 25 it left Ringgold, by rail, for Atlanta, and on October 3 it marched from Atlanta northward, in pursuit of General Hood, to Gaylesville, Alabama, a distance of 150 miles. On October 29 it broke camp at Gaylesville, and after halting at Rome to be paid off marched to Atlanta, which place was reached on November 15. It participated in the march to the sea, and on February 5, 1865, it crossed the river into South Carolina. The march from that point to Goldsboro, N. C., was terrible, through mud and mire, over wide swamps and deep rivers, and the comforts of life accessible only under difficulties. On April 12 the regiment was engaged, sustaining a loss of 2 killed and 2 wounded, and on the 13th entered Raleigh. On the 29th it started homeward and reached Washington, D. C. (a distance of 360 miles), on May 19. It remained at Washington nearly a month and was in the grand review. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville July 18, 1865.

Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonel, William J. Landram; Lieut.-Colonel, John Cowan; Majors, John R. Duncan, Morgan V. Evans, Josiah J. Mann. This regiment was recruited and organized at Harrodsburg, Kentucky, in the fall of 1861, by Colonel Landram and Lieut.-Colonel Cowan, and was mustered into the U. S. service January 2, 1862, by Captain H. C. Bankhead. At the termination of the Cumberland gap campaign, in which it participated, it marched by way of Louisville, Kentucky, to Memphis, Tennessee, and formed part of General Sherman's army which moved on Vicksburg via Chickasaw bayou. It participated in the battle of Chickasaw bluffs and acquitted itself with credit. It then proceeded to Arkansas Post and participated in the battle which resulted in the capture of that place, t returned from Arkansas Post to Young's point. Louisiana, where it remained for some time. On April 15 it marched down the west bank of the Mississippi river, crossed to the rear of Vicksburg and took part in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion's hill, Black River bridge and the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson. In the assault on Vicksburg May 22, the regiment lost about 60 in killed and wounded. After the siege of Jackson the regiment, with the 13th army corps, was transferred to the Department of the Gulf and was with General Banks on the unfortunate Red Liver campaign. In the battle of Sabine cross-roads the regiment repelled five distinct charges before the enemy was enabled to break through its lines, and the corps commander, General Ransom, says: "They all did nobly, and their list of killed and wounded bears evidence of the obstinacy with which they resisted the overwhelming force of the enemy." After the failure of the expedition it returned to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where it remained until ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out January 26, 1865, the veterans and recruits being transferred to the 7th Kentucky veteran infantry.

Twentieth Infantry.—Colonel, Sanders D. Bruce; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles S. Hanson, Thomas B. Waller; Majors, Benjamin F. Buckner, Frank E. Walcott. A portion of this regiment was recruited at Lexington, Kentucky, by Colonel Bruce, who was captain of the state guard companies, called the "Chasseurs." Another portion was recruited at Camp Dick Robinson, and another at Smithland, Kentucky, by R. K. Williams and Thomas B. Waller. The regiment was mustered in at Smithland January 6, 1862. The fall of Fort Donelson in February led to the concentration of the forces under General Buell at Nashville, and the regiment marched from Bardstown to that place. From Nashville it marched to Pittsburg landing with Buell's army and took part in the second day's battle of Shiloh. From Shiloh the regiment moved with the army to Corinth and in the siege of that place was engaged in numerous skirmishes, one of which rose to the dignity of a battle, being the affair at the widow Surratt's house, where Bruce's brigade was engaged. The regiment marched with Buell's army from Corinth to northern Alabama, being at Huntsville and other points, and thence to McMinnville and other points in Tennessee. In August it began to move with Buell to Kentucky and marched with Nelson's division from Louisville to Perryville. It was engaged in the skirmishing of that battle and then moved in pursuit of Bragg, as far as Mt. Vernon. It then marched through Somerset and Glasgow to Nashville and remained there until December, when it was ordered to Bowling Green. On July 1863, it was attacked at Lebanon, Kentucky, by the Confederate General Morgan and after a most heroic defense was overpowered and compelled to surrender. The regiment's loss was 3 killed and 16 wounded. The regiment was paroled and ordered to Louisville, where it remained on provost duty until it was ordered to the front May 15, 1864. It then joined Sherman's army in Georgia. Major Waller, in his report, says his regiment was placed in Strickland's brigade, Hascall's division, 23d army corps, May 30, 1864, and that from that day until the capture of Atlanta it was in all the movements, battles and skirmishes of that great campaign, fighting at Dallas, Acworth, Kennesaw mountain, Peachtree creek and many other places of less note. After the Atlanta campaign the regiment was ordered to Kentucky, with instructions to report to General Hugh Ewing. It was mustered out January 17, 1865, at Louisville, and its veterans and recruits were transferred to the 6th Kentucky cavalry.

Twenty-first Infantry,— Colonels, Ethelbert L. Dudley, Samuel W. Price; Lieut.-Colonels, Basil A. Wheat, James C. Evans, William R. Mil ward; Majors, William W. Dowden, Jesse E. Hoskins, John D. Nash. This regiment was formed and mustered into service at Green River bridge, December 31, 1861, and January 2, 1862. Colonel Price at once saw the necessity for removal of the regiment from that section, and at his request an order came to proceed to Creelsboro on the Cumberland river, where it went on board transports and was conveyed to Nashville, arriving March 18, the day General Buell began his march from Nashville to Pittsburg landing. Bragg's invasion of Kentucky occurring, the regiment entered upon the long march with Buell's army and reached Louisville, Kentucky, September 19. The regiment moved with the forces pursuing Bragg as far as London and Wild Cat, then marched through Somerset, Columbia, Glasgow, Scottsville and Gallatin to Silver springs, Tennessee, where it went into camp with Crittenden's corps. The regiment was engaged in a severe fight at Dobbin's ferry, and in the great battle of Stone's river performed its full duty. The loss of the regiment was 60 killed and wounded. On October 1, 1863, the regiment was despatched to the Sequatchie valley and near Anderson's gap had a spirited engagement with Wheeler's cavalry, consisting of three brigades. The loss of the regiment in the battle of Missionary ridge was 10 wounded. At Shellmound, Tennessee, about three-fourths of the regiment under Colonel Price reenlisted as veterans January 11, 1864. After the veteran furlough the men reassembled at Louisville March 30, and proceeded to Cleveland, Term. On May 6 it marched to Tunnel Hill, Georgia, and there joined General Sherman's army for the Atlanta campaign. It began the continuous fighting of the summer at Resaca; was engaged at Kingston, Dallas, Burnt Hickory, New Hope Church, Nose's creek, and many other places where the fighting raged; participated in the charge at Kennesaw mountain, where among those stricken down was Colonel Price. After the Atlanta campaign the 4th and 23d corps were sent to Pulaski, Tennessee, under General Schofield, the regiment being in Whitaker's brigade, Kimball's division, 4th corps. The regiment was in the battle of Franklin, the division being on the right of the defensive line. In the battle of Nashville the regiment fought both days. The next day at 1 o'clock it was at Franklin, and in a few days moved into northern Alabama. In March, 1865, the 4th corps was ordered to East Tennessee, camped near Bull's gap until early in May, when it was sent to Nashville, Tennessee. On June 19 it took cars for Johnsonville, Tennessee, then by boats to New Orleans, Louisiana After a halt of a few weeks at New Orleans the command was shipped to Indianola, Texas, and marched to Victoria, where, on December 9, 1865, the regiment was mustered out and ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, to be paid off and disbanded, which took place January 11, 1866.

Twenty-second Infantry,—Colonels, Daniel W. Lindsey, George W. Monroe; Lieut.-Colonel, William J. Worthington; Majors, Wesley Cook, John Hughes. This regiment was organized at Camp Swigert, Greenup county, December 12, 1861. Co. A. was recruited from the city of Louisville and Franklin county; B and C from Greenup county; D from Carter county; E from Lewis county; F from Franklin and Greenup counties; G from Carter and Boyd counties; H and I from Carter county, and K from the city of Louisville. A detachment of the regiment, and the 14th Kentucky infantry, under command of Lieut.-Colonel Monroe, at the battle of Middle creek charged and dislodged from a strong position the command of General Williams, which movement the commanding officer. General Garfield, reported as "determinate of the day." Immediately after reaching the Ohio river, on its retreat from Cumberland gap, Morgan's division, which included the regiment, was ordered up the Kanawha valley, with the exception of General Baird's brigade, to the relief of General Cox. After driving the enemy beyond Gauley bridge the same command was ordered south and reached Memphis, Tennessee, about November i^, 1862. The regiment, still composing a part of Morgan's division, of Sherman's command, proceeded down the Mississippi river and attacked the works of the enemy at Chickasaw bayou, where the regiment lost a number in killed and wounded, among whom were those gallant officers, Captains Garrard and Hegan, and Lieut. Truett, killed, and Lieut.-Colonel Monroe, Captains Bruce and Gathright, and Lieuts. Bacon and Gray, wounded. Shortly after the battle of Chickasaw bayou, the Army of the Mississippi, under Major-General McClernand, captured and destroyed Arkansas Post, in which affair the regiment bore an honorable part. After remaining at Young's point and Milliken's bend two or three months, the regiment, with McClernand's corps (the 13th), of which it formed a part, took the lead in the movement by way of Bruinsburg to invest Vicksburg from the rear. The regiment performed an important part in all the engagements incident thereto, as well as in the capture of Vicksburg. It veteranized at Baton Rouge in March, 1864, and was consolidated with the 7th Kentucky veteran infantry, the nonveterans being mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, January 20, 1865.

Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Marcellus Mundy; Lieut.-Colonels, John P. Jackson, James C. Foy, George W. Northup; Majors, Thomas H. Hamrick, William Boden. This regiment was organized at Camp King near Covington. The companies came from that part of the state, one being from Mason county, one from Pendleton, one from Boone, the others from Campbell and Kenton. The regiment was in camp until February, 1862, when it went to Lexington, thence beyond Lebanon to the Rolling fork, thence it marched to Bardstown and Louisville, where it went on board the steamer "Diana" and was transported to Nashville, where it remained during the spring. In August it was in a severe fight at Round mountain and lost 4 men. The regiment then marched with Buell's army to Kentucky, being in Grose's brigade, Smith's division, Crittenden's corps. At the battle of Perryville the regiment did not become engaged, though it was with the army at that place. After Bragg's retirement from Kentucky it marched to Nashville, where it remained until a little while before the battle of Murfreesboro. In the regimental report, made by Major Hamrick, the fighting of December 31 and January 1 is described as terrific. In the two days the regiment lost 8 killed and 51 wounded. On January 24 it went with other troops on an expedition to Woodbury, Tennessee, where it was engaged with loss. Subsequently it moved to Whiteside, then toward Trenton, next on a reconnoissance up Lookout mountain, and arrived at Point Lookout at 11130 a. m., September 8. The enemy could be seen and there was skirmishing. That evening it bivouacked near Rossville, 4 miles from Chattanooga. On September 10 it moved on the Ringgold road and bivouacked near Graysville; spent the 11th at Ringgold; reached Chickamauga creek opposite Lee & Gordon's mill the next day; was then in various movements until the battle of Chickamauga, where its losses were 1 officer (Lieut. J. C. Hoffman) and 9 men killed, 3 officers and 45 men wounded. It then moved to Chattanooga, where it remained in camp until operations began under General Grant. A portion of the regiment, under Captain Tiffet, constituted part of Hazen's picked force which opened the river from Chattanooga to Bridgeport, so that the army might receive supplies, and during which it participated in the battle of Brown's ferry. The regiment moved out and took part in the fighting which preceded the great charge at Missionary ridge, and participated in the charge, with a loss of 8 killed and 29 wounded. The month of December was spent in the East Tennessee valley above Knoxville, being at Morristown, Powder springs. Strawberry plains, New Market and Blain's cross-roads, where on January 5, 1864, the regiment reenlisted, and after the veteran furlough returned to the front at Chattanooga. In the list of sixteen battles named on the colors of the regiment by order of General Grant, appear Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Pine top, Kennesaw mountain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Lovejoy s Station, all in the Atlanta campaign. From northern Georgia the regiment went to Nashville, and thence marched with the 4th and 23d corps under the immediate command of General Schofield to Pulaski, Tennessee, the regiment being in Whitaker's brigade, Kimball's division, 4th corps. It assisted in preventing Hood's occupation of Spring Hill and the next day the battle of Franklin occurred, in which the regiment bore its part. After the battle the regiment moved with Schofield's troops to Nashville; two weeks later participated in the battle there; then followed the enemy into Alabama; thence marched to Lick creek in East Tennessee, and thence to Nashville, where it was in April and May, 1865. It was then transported to New Orleans; was then sent to Green Lake, Texas, where it remained until September. In November it was at Victoria, Texas, where it was mustered out in December, 1865. In its term of service 4 officers and 81 men were killed, and 107 died of sickness.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Lewis B. Grigsby, John S. Hurt; Lieut.-Colonel, Lafayette North; Major, William H. Smith. This regiment was organized and mustered into the service at Lexington in December, 1861. From Spring Garden, on Salt river, where it was afterward stationed, it marched to Lebanon; thence to Munfordville; about the last of February, 1862, moved with Buell's army to Nashville; passed through the city and encamped with Wood's division about 2 miles out. It was slightly engaged in the second day's fight at Shiloh and from there moved to Corinth with the army, participating in the skirmishing and other duties of that campaign. The regiment was on the march into Kentucky and reached Louisville in September. It was on the field and slightly engaged at Perryville. One of Buell's columns passed through Lancaster, another through Stanford, the regiment being with Wood's division of the latter and engaged in a severe skirmish at Stanford. From Silver springs, Tennessee, where it went into camp, the regiment was ordered back to Kentucky at the special request of the governor, and in November it marched to Nashville, moved thence by rail to Frankfort, Kentucky, where it was presented with a flag by the ladies of that place, and carried the flag to the end of its service. For some weeks it was kept on duty in Kentucky, when it was ordered from Louisville to Nashville by steamboat with Baird's division. Thence, in the latter part of February, 1863, it moved by rail to Winchester, Kentucky. Passing through Somerset, Kentucky, and Jacksboro, Tennessee, in August the command reached Lenoir's station, on the railroad, where in November the enemy advanced, but after 4 hours' heavy skirmishing, was driven back by the 24th Kentucky and six companies of the 65th Illinois. Colonel Hurt in an extended account of the regiment, from which this is condensed, gives a graphic narrative of the siege of Knoxville, in which his regiment bore a most honorable part, being in position on the south side of the river, where there was daily skirmishing and several heavy charges. In one of the battles the loss of the regiment was 65 in kilted and wounded, among them Lieut. Lee killed and Adjt. Joyce and Lieut. Davis wounded. In April, 1864, the regiment was in Cameron's brigade, Cox's division, 23d army corps, with which it was engaged at Rocky Face ridge, Resaca, and in the daily skirmishing and fighting thereafter through the months of May, June, July and August. Near Kennesaw mountain several of the regiment were wounded, among them Captain Goodpaster and Adjt. Joyce. In that memorable movement, the crossing of the Chattahoochee, the regiment took an active part, was then continuously engaged in the operations against Atlanta and the numerous battles ensuing. From the country east of the city, it passed around to the west and south, fighting in many places, among others Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. The casualties of the regiment in the Atlanta campaign, were 12 men killed and 77 wounded, and 6 officers wounded. After the capture of Atlanta the regiment went into camp near Decatur and in the month of October it was ordered to Kentucky. Hood's army being completely defeated and the war virtually over in the West, the regiment was mustered out of service on January 31, 1865.

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, James M. Shackelford; Lieut.-Colonel, Benjamin H. Bristow; Major, William B. Wall. In the early fall of 1861 Colonel Shackelford recruited this regiment, which was first engaged in the fighting at Fort Donelson. The losses show the gallantry of the regiment, being 72 in killed and wounded. The regiment bore its part in the battle of Shiloh, where it fought during the entire first day and also fought in the advance the next day. In the month of April, after the battle of Shiloh, the 25th was consolidated with the 17th, and from that time the history of the two regiments is identical under the head of the 17th Kentucky infantry.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonels, Stephen G. Burbridge, Cicero Maxwell, Thomas B. Fairleigh; Lieut.-Colonels, James F. Lauck, Rowland E. Hackett; Majors, John L. Davidson, Joseph L. Frost, Ignatius Mattingly, Cyrus J. Wilson, Francis M. Page, James H. Ashcraft. This regiment was recruited and organized by Colonel Burbridge, but as he was made brigadier-general June 12, 1862, he was not long with the regiment. The companies came from the Green river counties, and there was no place or road in all the section of the state from Bowling Green to Henderson that was not known to some of the men. Arriving at the mouth of Green river after the fall of Fort Donelson, the regiment passed up the Cumberland by the fallen fortress and landed at Nashville just as Buell's army was crossing the river into the city. At Nashville on March 5, 1862, it was regularly mustered by Major Bankhead. Upon the second day at Shiloh it was engaged in heavy fighting, as the casualties show, there being 7 killed, including Major Davidson, and 60 wounded. After the battle of Shiloh the regiment moved with the army to Corinth; took part in the siege and skirmishing there; then moved to Tus-cumbia, Florence and Athens, Alabama, and camped at Battle Creek, Tennessee. The regiment was but slightly engaged at Perryville. It continued in pursuit of Bragg until he was out of the state and then marched across the country to Nashville, where the army, then under General Rosecrans, was concentrated, Buell having been relieved. Later the regiment was sent to Bowling Green. On January 31, 1864, the members of the 26th reenlisted as veterans and rendezvoused at Bowling Green in the spring, where on April 1 the 33d was consolidated with it, becoming Cos. F, H, I and K. The regiment was mounted and used through the entire spring and summer for the protection of Kentucky. It then joined the command of General Burbridge for the raid to the salt works, in Virginia. From the day it left Pikeville until its return to that point it was in a continual fight. On October 29 it was ordered to Paducah. On December 7 it went to Nashville and was placed in the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 23d corps. It engaged in the battle of Nashville, moving with the 23d corps under General Schofield, and joining in the general charge which broke up and destroyed Hood's army. Taking transports at Clifton, Tennessee, it proceeded down the Tennessee and up the Ohio to Cincinnati; thence by rail to Washington, D. C.. and Alexandria, Va.; then taking ocean steamer the regiment went with the 23d corps to Fort Fisher, N. C, arriving there in January, 1865. On the way to Wilmington the regiment fought at Fort Anderson and Town creek, and led by Colonel Fairleigh was the first regiment to enter Wilmington. It reached Raleigh and remained there until the surrender of General Johnston, when it -was sent to Salisbury, N. C., and encamped until it was ordered to Kentucky. It was mustered out July 10, 1865, at Louisville.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Charles D. Pennebaker; Lieut.-Colonel, John H. Ward; Majors, John Carlisle, Samuel J. Coyne, Alexander Magruder. About September 20, 1861, Major Ward opened camp for recruits at Greens burg, within 24 miles of General Buckner's Confederate forces at Munfordville, with whom he had many encounters, losing men in killed, wounded and prisoners before he had a regimental organization and often before the company to which the men were attached had been organized. Many of the recruits came from inside the Confederate lines, or very near to them, and had to fight on the way to camp. Under these difficulties, with the name of General Ward to assist, Lieut.-Colonel Ward and Major Carlisle recruited from the counties of Casey, Green, Taylor, Hart and Nelson, five companies; Colonel Pennebaker, with the aid of Colonel Alfred Allen and Larkin Proctor, recruited five other companies in Hardin, Grayson, Breckinridge and Meade counties; a few men were sent from about Covington, some of them coming from Madisonville, Ohio. The regiment was with General Nelson's division when it occupied Corinth; thence moved to Iuka and Rienzi, Mississippi; thence to Tuscumbia and Florence and Athens, Alabama, and was on the march of Buell's army to Louisville, Kentucky, in the summer of 1862. It was at the battle of Perryville with General Crittenden's corps, but was only engaged in skirmishing as the fight was to its left. After Bragg's retreat it returned with Buell to the south via Glasgow, Kentucky, and Gallatin, Tennessee, and with the army to Stone's river. It was sent from there back to Munfordville, Kentucky, to recruit and was engaged in fights about that place. In September, 1863, it was mounted and sent to join Burnside in East Tennessee. In October it joined the cavalry forces and other mounted infantry in an attack on Philadelphia, but found there a strong force of infantry and artillery upon which it could make no impression. In the fight at Leiper's ferry the regiment suffered severely. During the siege of Knoxville, with other troops and artillery, it sustained a charge the same morning that the Confederates met with the famous defeat at 1 Fort Sanders. At Bean's station the regiment was fiercely engaged, after which it marched on foot to Cumberland gap and then into Lee county, Virginia.( where it camped for a time, when it was ordered to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, to be remounted. The regiment joined the army at Pumpkin Vine creek, Georgia, and was with it in its almost continued battle from there until the fall of Atlanta, being in Strickland's brigade, Hascall's division, 23d corps. After the fall of Atlanta, as the regiment had already served over three years, it was sent back to Owensborb, Kentucky, to drive out the guerrillas in that part of the state and reduce the country to order. The loss of the regiment in the Atlanta campaign was 66 in killed and wounded.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William P. Boone, J. Rowan Boone; Lieut.-Colonel J. Rowan Boone; Majors, Absalom Y. Johnson, John Gault, Jr., George W. Barth. This regiment was recruited and organized at Louisville, Kentucky, by Colonel William P. Boone. In July, 1862, two companies under Colonel Boone were at Gallatin, Tennessee, and scattered at different points along the railroad, where 120 men, including Colonel Boone, were captured by General John H. Morgan. For a number of months the regiment was on excessively hard duty as mounted infantry, being moved from point to point in the state of Tennessee and engaging in many skirmishes and encounters with the enemy. It served with Rosecrans' army in all its operations up to and including the battle of Chickamauga. In January, 1864, it reenlisted and was kept on continuous duty about Chattanooga. On January 21, Colonel William P. Boone in command of a detachment consisting of the regiment, under Colonel J. Rowan Boone, and the 4th Mich., made a reconnoissance from Rossville through McLemore's cove to Dug gap, 25 miles south of Chattanooga. The next day he crossed Pigeon mountain, moved to Summerville, then toward Dalton, where he attacked and routed a force of the enemy, capturing prisoners, arms and other property. In March the regiment was sent to Pulaski, Tennessee, where it was associated with the 2nd Kentucky cavalry. In the celebrated Atlanta campaign the regiment was commanded by the youthful and gallant Colonel J. Rowan Boone, and participated in all Kenesaw mountain, the 28th Kentucky and 40th Indiana, took a leading part. In a charge near Pine mountain it lost 4 men killed and 12 wounded. In the month of June the killed and wounded of the regiment aggregated 56. Injuries Colonel Boone received at Kennesaw mountain required him to relinquish the command for a time to Major Barth, under whose lead the regiment crossed the Chattahoochee, participated in the battle of Peachtree creek and the other battles around Atlanta, until the capture of that place. In November it was sent back to Tennessee with the 4th corps to engage in the campaign against Hood. At Spring Hill Colonel Boone deployed his men with great skill and stubbornly fought the advancing Confederates, suffering serious loss, but delaying the advance until darkness came on that short November day, when the prize for which Hood was striving eluded his grasp. At Franklin, when the central key point of the Federal line was broken, the men on the line at that place (Ruger's division, and a portion of Riley's division, 23d corps) rallied and steadied themselves. Lane's and Conrad's men united with them, Opdycke's brigade and other troops were hurried to the point of danger by General J. D. Cox, making the defense complete and Hood's grand assault proved a failure. In that terrible battle the regiment bore its part with great gallantry, and two weeks later it participated in the great battle of Nashville. From Nashville it proceeded to Huntsville, Alabama, thence was ordered to Texas, where it remained until December 1865, when it returned and was mustered out January 1, 1866, after long and arduous service, first under its noble and heroic leader. Colonel William P. Boone, and afterward under his gifted son, the gallant young Colonel J. Rowan Boone.

Twenty-ninth Infantry.—This regiment was consolidated with the 6th Kentucky cavalry and other regiments.

Thirtieth Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Francis N. Alexander; Lieut.-Colonel, William B. Craddock; Major, Thomas Mahoney. This regiment was organized under the 20,000 call; provided for by special act of Congress, and was mustered into the U. S. service for one year. Cos. A, I, E and F were mustered in at Frankfort, February 19, 1804, and Co. G March 2o, 1864, by Captain Charles H. Fletcher, 1st U. S. infantry. Cos. C, D, H, I and K were mustered in at Camp Burnside, Kentucky, April 5, 1864, by Major J. C. Henderson 45th Kentucky infantry. In the battle of Cynthiana in June, 1864, Major Thomas Mahoney was severely wounded while gallantly leading his men. In the battle of Saltville, Virginia, in October the regiment lost a officers killed—First Lieut. Cutsinger, of Co. G, and Second Lieut. Vickery, of Co C, and Captains Bacon, of Co. E., Brownlee, of Co. F, and Searcy, of Co. G, were severely wounded. Being mounted, the regiment moved with great expedition to different portions of the state and attacked the enemy in many instances by surprise. It participated in the following battles and skirmishes, viz.: Lexington, Cynthiana and Shelby county, Kentucky; twice at Saltville Virginia; Marion, Virginia; New Market, Laurel gap, Clinch mountain, Seven-Mile ford and Owen county, Kentucky; Kingsport and Brush creek, Tennessee; Chaplintown, Bradfordsville, Marion county, and Albany, Kentucky. In the Saltville expedition the loss of the regiment in killed was 5. From Paris, Kentucky, in October, 1864, the regiment proceeded, with other troops, to East Tennessee, to serve in Gen Stoneman's command. Returning from the Saltville expedition to Kentucky, the regiment again went on duty protecting the state. It was mustered out at Frankfort, Kentucky, April 18, 1865.

Thirty-first Infantry.—The organization of this regiment was abandoned.

Thirty-second Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas Z. Morrow; Major, John A. Morrison. This regiment was raised by Colonel Morrow in the summer of 186j. The field and staff and nearly all the companies were mustered into service at Camp Burnside, Kentucky Co. B was mustered in at Frankfort. A portion of the regiment participated in the battle of Perryville, being at that time in Terrell's brigade, Jackson's division, and under the immediate charge of General T. T. Garrard. In the organization of, the Department of the Ohio under General Burnside, June 30, 1863, the regiment, under Colonel Morrow, was in the 1st brigade, 2nd division, and July 31, 1863, the same. At that time General Burnside went on the East Tennessee expedition, in which the regiment participated. In November, 1863, it is reported by General O. B. Willcox at Morristown, East Tennessee. After that date it returned to Kentucky.

Thirty-third Infantry.—Lieut.-Colonel, James F. Lauck. This battalion was organized and brought into the field under many difficulties. It was made up of detachments recruited for various different commands, thrown together and organized at Munfordville, Kentucky, September 13, 1862. Co. A and about one-half of Co. B were recruited at Bowling Green under authority to raise the 35th infantry. Co. C was recruited for the 7th Kentucky cavalry and had just joined the regiment for muster-in at the period of the fight at Big hill, in which memorable struggle it participated, being among the very last to leave the field, its gallant commander, Captain Knight, standing by Colonel Metcalfe to the last. Co. D and a portion of Co. B were recruited originally for the 33d. The recruits in camp at Munfordville participated in the battle of September 14, 1862, in which Chalmers' division was so severely punished and signally repulsed in an attempt to assault the Union works. They were also in the fight of the 16th, which resulted in the capitulation of the garrison after the main body of General Bragg's command had surrounded the works and cut off all hopes of the arrival of reinforcements. After the Confederate forces retreated from Kentucky these recruits were again collected at Munfordville. Such of them as had been paroled were sent to Camp Chase, where they remained for several months, awaiting an exchange, which being ultimately effected, and the recruits of the 35th having been ordered to join them, the battalion was organized as stated above, with Lieut.-Colonel Lauck as commanding officer. It remained on duty in Kentucky until April 1, 1864, when it was consolidated with the 26th Kentucky infantry and constituted Cos. F, H, I and K of that regiment.

Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry Dent, Selby Harney, William Y. Dillard; Lieut.-Colonel, Lewis H. Ferrell; Majors, Milton T. Callahan, Joseph B. Watlrins. In September, 1861, an organization was made at Louisville under Colonel Henry Dent, called the Provost Guard of Louisville. It consisted of five companies of about 90 men each. It was employed at Louisville, on guard duty for a little over a year, when the 34th Kentucky infantry was formed out of its material with other added. The regiment was organized in October, 1862, and continued to serve as the provost guard of Louisville until May, 1863. It was then ordered to the field and entered upon a career of activity which continued until the muster-out in June, 1865. It did garrison duty at Glasgow until September 28, 1863, when it was ordered to march via Marrowbone and Burkesville, Kentucky, to Knoxville, Tennessee, under command of General Manson, skirmishing with guerrillas nearly every day. From Knoxville it marched to Morristown, where it remained until the battle of Blue springs, in which it distinguished itself by capturing nearly all of "Mudwall" Jackson's staff, and 471 of his command. When the Confederate Colonel Carter attacked Tazewell in January, 1864, with about 1,800 men, the regiment again distinguished itself for undaunted bravery under severe fire. A detachment of the regiment arrived at Powell's river bridge just as Vaughn's advance guard was entering it, and repulsed it after a short fight, but they were unable to tear up the floor before the whole force came up. The detachment of the regiment took position in a temporary blockhouse and successfully repelled five charges of the enemy. On April 20, 1865, the regiment proceeded up the Virginia valley in the direction of Gibson's mills, where a force of the enemy was reported. On April 24 the regiment was again ordered to Knoxville and from thence to Loudon, where it remained on garrison duty until June 10, when it returned to Knoxville and was mustered out there June 24, 1865.

Thirty-fifth Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Edmund A. Starling; Lieut.-Colonel, Edward R. Weir, Jr.; Major, Frank H. Bristow. This regiment was organized on September 26, 1863, at Owensboro, Kentucky, under Colonel Starling, and was mustered into the V. S. service on October 2, 1863, by Captain Knight. During the month of August, 1864, after a long and tedious march, with other troops and various skirmishes, it succeeded in driving the Confederate General Adam Johnson out of Kentucky into Tennessee by way of Cadiz. From Cadiz it returned via Hopkinsville to Lexington, and on September 15 moved in General Burbridge's command in the first expedition on Saltville, Virginia. It returned to Lexington on November 5 and from there was ordered to Louisville, where it was mustered out December 29, 1864. It participated in the battle of Saltville, Virginia, and in numerous skirmishes with guerrillas in various portions of Kentucky. On May 7, 1864, Captain Baker, commanding a detachment of the regiment, had a fight in Meade county, in which he routed a Confederate band under Captain Hinkle, who was killed. In the first expedition to Saltville the regiment lost 21 men.

Thirty-sixth Infantry.—This regiment was consolidated with the 11th and 14th Kentucky cavalry. Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Charles S. Hanson; Lieut.-Colonel, Benjamin J. Spaulding; Major, Samuel Martin. The necessity for troops in Kentucky led to the organization of this regiment in the summer of 1863. Cos. A, B and C were mustered into service September 17, and D, E, F and G October 24, all at Glasgow. Captain Stroub's company, which was originally intended for the 51st Kentucky infantry, was mustered into service at Covington September 4, and afterward consolidated with the 37th as Co. H Cos. I and K were mustered at Glasgow December 21 and 22. On October 6, at night, when but few of the regiment were in the camp at Glasgow, the place was attacked by Colonel Hughes and 142 of Major Martin's men were captured. Colonel Hanson's report shows that the regiment bore its full part in the exciting movements, hard marches and frequent encounters, incident to the campaign against Morgan in June, 1864. Early in September, 1864, General Burbridge organized his expedition to Saltville, Virginia, with which the regiment went in the brigade commanded by Colonel Hanson. It participated in the fighting which occurred on this expedition, in which Colonel Hanson was wounded and captured.

Thirty-eighth Infantry.—This regiment was consolidated with the 12th Kentucky cavalry.

Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, John Dills, Jr., David A. Mims; Lieut.-Colonel, Stephen M. Ferguson; Majors, John B. Auxier, Martin Thornbury. This regiment was raised by Colonel Dills in the fall of 1862 from the counties along the Big Sandy, and was organized in camp at Peach Orchard, where it was mustered into service February 16, 1863. Before it was mustered in it began a series of fights and skirmishes with the enemy in that section which continued during almost its entire term of service. On December 31 the regiment was engaged with the enemy 4 miles from Prestonsburg. In April, 1863, it fought at Pikeville and captured Colonel French and his command. In July General Julius White, who had been sent to command the forces in eastern Kentucky, reported a successful fight at Beaver creek, in which the regiment is specially mentioned as taking a number of prisoners and having "made a charge up the mountain with great gallantry." At this time a portion of the regiment moved to Gladesville, Virginia, with other troops and captured Colonel Caudill and his command at that place. Early in January, 1864, part of the regiment under Captain King fought at Sherman's ferry, losing Lieut. Richard D. Coleman killed, and Lieut. James M. Thornbury and several men captured. The following month the 39th and 14th, under Colonel Gallup, fought at Laurel creek, W. Virginia, defeating and capturing Colonel Ferguson and a number of his men, for which Colonel Gallup and his command received congratulatory thanks from the commanding generals. In April the regiment under Lieut.-Colonel Ferguson, with other troops, particularly the 14th Kentucky, fought at various places, among others at Half mountain and Paintsville, with complete success. In May it was engaged at Pond creek, Pike county. With General Hobson's division it made the forced marches from Sandy valley to Mt. Sterling^ where it fought with Morgan, and also at Cynthiana, and then participated in the pursuit. The regiment accompanied General Burbridge on the Saltville expedition in September, 1864, and engaged in the fighting there. A portion of the regiment accompanied General Stoneman on the second expedition to that place and shared in all the fighting and suffering of that severe but successful campaign. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, September 25, 1865, after nearly three years of continuous active service and participating in such a number of fights and skirmishes it would be difficult to enumerate.

Fortieth Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Clinton J. True; Lieut.-Colonel, Mathew Mullins; Majors, Thomas H. Mannen, Frederick H. Bierbower. Under the authority of a special act of Congress Colonel True, who had been an officer in the 20th Kentucky infantry, recruited this regiment. The men were from the eastern part of the state and the regiment was mustered into the service at Grayson, Carter county, in September, 1863, to serve for twelve months. Cooperating with Colonel Gallup it met and routed Ferguson near Paintsville in April, 1864. Morgan reached Mt. Sterling in June, near which place he overcame the forces then under General Hobson, but a few days later the regiments under Colonels Hanson, Gallup, Brown and True, which had followed hard on Morgan's track, fought him at Cynthiana, routed him completely, and pursued him through the mountains out of the state. In this the regiment bore its part most handsomely, as the official reports show. In September the regiment went with the expedition under General Burbridge to Saltville, Virginia. After the return from this expedition it remained on duty in eastern Kentucky until December 30, 1864, when it was mustered out.

Forty-first Infantry.—This regiment was called into service for 30 days at Covington during Bragg s invasion of the state, and was disbanded at the expiration of its term of service.

Forty-second Infantry.—This regiment was called into service for 30 days at Newport during the invasion of the state by Bragg, and was disbanded at the expiration of its term of service.

Forty-third Infantry.—This regiment was consolidated with the 32nd Kentucky infantry. Forty-fourth Infantry.—The organization of this regiment was abandoned.

Forty-fifth Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, John Mason Brown; Lieut.-Colonel, Lewis M. Clark; Majors, Nathan A. Brown, John C. Henderson. This regiment was at first designed as a battalion for local service on the Virginia border and in the eastern counties of Kentucky. Although the requisite number of recruits were rapidly collected, the organization effected at Ashland, and the regiment put on active duty in October, 1863, the formal muster in of two companies was unavoidably delayed until the beginning of the following January, when Colonel Brown was assigned to the command and Major Clark promoted to lieutenant-colonel. It led the pursuit after Morgan in June, 1864, and was the leading regiment of the assaulting column at the battle of Mt. Sterling. It participated in the battle of Cynthiana, in which Morgan's force was finally destroyed, having, up to that engagement, been continuously on duty for 26 days and nights, with no halt of as much as 4 hours. In October the regiment formed part of Burbridge's command in the unsuccessful attack on Saltville, Virginia, and covered the retreat. In November and December it was with Stoneman at the capture of Bristol, Tennessee, Marion, Abingdon and Saltville, Virginia, and participated in all the engagements of that campaign. Besides the engagements mentioned it took part in a great number of skirmishes of greater or less note and was mustered out by battalions at Catlettsburg, Kentucky; Cos. A, B, C, D, E and F, on December 24, 1864; G, H, I and K, on February 14, 1865.

Forty-sixth Infantry.—The organization of this regiment was abandoned.

Forty-seventh Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Andrew H. Clark; Lieut.-Colonel, Alfred C. Wilson; Major, Thomas H. Barnes. This regiment was raised under the act of Congress authorizing the governor of Kentucky to organize not exceeding 20,000 troops for the defense of the state. The greater portion of the men were mustered into service at Irvine, Kentucky, October 5, 1863; the others at Camp Nelson in December 1863, and January, 1864. In all the movements occasioned by the invasion of Kentucky by General John Morgan, in June, 1864, the regiment, under Colonel Clark, bore an active part. On December 26, 1864, Cos. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H were mustered out at Lexington. Cos. I and K were mustered out April 12, 1865. The veterans were transferred to Battery E and the 4th Kentucky veteran infantry.

Forty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Hartwell T. Burge; Lieut.-Colonel, William W. Hester; Major, William H. Hoyt. This regiment, enlisted principally from the counties of Trigg, Lyon, Livingston, Crittenden, Union, Christian, Caldwell, Muhlenberg, Breckinridge and Grayson, was organized and mustered into service at Princeton, Kentucky, by Charles H. Fletcher, captain of the 13th U. S. infantry, on October 26, 1863, for the period of one year. It was distributed along the line of the Louisville & Nashville railroad, the details being very efficient in duty, and so well were their garrisons defended against many attacks made by the enemy, that the road was never broken during the time they defended it. The regiment, in detachments, joined General Hobson's column at Calhoun, Kentucky, about August 19, 1864, and participated in the movements and actions of that command until August 22, when at Canton, Kentucky, the retreating Confederate command was overtaken and dispersed, many of them being killed or captured. Detachments of the regiment were then placed in the counties bordering on the Cumberland river and in the interior region, where they kept scouting and capturing guerrillas until ordered to Bowling Green to be mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service. On August 7, 1864, Captain Hiett, with 35 men detailed from Cos. B and C, was attacked at Salem, Kentucky, by 300 Confederates and guerrillas, and suffered a loss of 2 killed and 3 wounded, including himself. On August 31 Colonel Burge, with a scout of 20 men, came upon a camp of 60 guerrillas in Union county, captured the camp with a large amount of stores, killed 1 and captured 7 prisoners without loss. On November 6 Captain Jarrett, with 41 men, of Cos. F and K, was attacked by a force of 580 men under General Lyon. Jarrett's loss was 1 killed and 2 wounded. On November 18 this same Confederate force attacked Captain Hiett with 37 men at Eddyville, Kentucky. The enemy was pursued by Lieut.-Colonel Hester and 180 men from Princeton and overtaken in camp near Providence the night of November 21. A skirmish ensued, resulting in the capture of the camp, some stores and prisoners. Captain Bush with one company at Smithland, was attacked several times during July, August and September by superior numbers of the enemy, but always defended the post and saved the large depository of army stores and supplies there. On December 1, 1864, by direction of Brigadier-General Hugh Ewing, the regiment was marched to Bowling Green, Kentucky, for muster-out, its term of service having expired on October 26, 1864. But owing to the active campaign of the Confederates under Hood against Nashville, Tennessee, the Regiment was kept under marching orders until December 19, when it was mustered out by C. A. Wainwright, captain 13th U. S. infantry. The veterans were transferred to the 3d Kentucky cavalry and 26th Kentucky infantry.

Forty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, John G. Eve; Lieut.-Colonel, Philos Stratton; Major, James H. Davidson. This regiment was organized at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, in June, 1863, by Colonel Eve. All the companies were mustered into service September 19, except two, one of which was mustered October 7, the other November 3. On October 1, 1864, the regiment was sent to Tennessee, where it was stationed along the railroad near Murfreesboro and between Wartrace and Mill creek, acting under the orders of General Lovell H. Rousseau. In November it returned to Lexington, where it was on duty under Generals Price and McLean. The regiment was mustered out December 26, 1864, by reason of expiration of term. The veterans, who reenlisted under Captain J. M. Cook, were transferred to the 7th Kentucky veteran cavalry, constituting Co. I of that organization. Those reenlisted by Captain Francis Catron were transferred to the 1st Kentucky cavalry.

Fiftieth Infantry.—The recruits for this regiment were transferred to the 49th Kentucky infantry, and formed Co. K of that regiment. Fifty-first Infantry.—The recruits for this regiment were transferred to and constituted Co. H of the 37th Kentucky infantry.

Fifty-second Infantry.—Colonel, John H. Grider; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel F. Johnson; Major John B. Tyler. This regiment was organized under the authority of an act of Congress, approved February 7, 1863, authorizing the governor to raise 20,000 troops for the better defense of Kentucky. Cos. A, B, C and E, were mustered in at Scottsville October 16, 1863; D on October 17; F on November 12; G, December 21 at Franklin; H, I and K on March 3, 1864, at Franklin. In the many fights and skirmishes in which the regiment engaged, the bearing of both officers and men sustained the gallant record so bravely won by all Kentucky troops during the uprising. A portion of the regiment, with other troops, fought Morgan at Mt. Sterling, and Cynthiana in June to the entire discomfiture of Morgan's command. Lieut.-Colonel Johnson reported from Hopkinsville that he had been through Webster and Union counties in July, 1864, and had fought with Sypert's band of 300 at Geiger's lake and scattered it, killing and wounding over 30. On August 21a portion of the regiment was in Hopkinsville, and in a successful fight there with 200 Confederates under Colonel Woodward, that officer was killed. On August 30 it proceeded into Tennessee through Nashville, and in October to Athens and Huntsville, Alabama, but returned and served with the cavalry of General Thomas about Nashville. On December 5 it was again at Bowling Green and went into western Kentucky to aid in resisting the invasion of the Confederates under General Lyon. After the destruction of General Hood's army at Nashville, the regiment was not so actively engaged and was mustered out in January and March, 1865, having made a splendid record as a useful and gallant regiment.

Fifty-third Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Clinton J. True; Lieut.-Colonel, W. C. Johnson; Major, James G. Francis. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1864, at Paris. The men belonged to that section of the state. In the second expedition to Saltville it suffered much from cold and long, fatiguing marches. It participated in many skirmishes and battles, including Clinch river, Marion and Saltville, Virginia, in all of which it performed its duty to the entire satisfaction of the commanding generals. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville September 15, 1865.

Fifty-fourth Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Harvey M. Buckley; Lieut.-Colonel, John G. Rogers; Major, John D. Russell. Colonel Buckley's well known character enabled him to recruit this regiment in a short time and it was mustered into service at New Castle, Henry county, in September, 1864. The men were all from that immediate section of the state. In December the regiment moved to Crab Orchard, being then under command of Lieut.-Colonel Rogers, Colonel Buckley commanding the brigade to which it was attached in the second expedition to Saltville. The regiment returned to Lexington and remained on duty in that section of the state during the remainder of the winter, going from place to place by detachments, as occasion required. It was continued in service during the following spring and summer and was mustered out September 1, 1865.

Fifty-fifth Infantry (Mounted).—Colonel, Weden O'Neal; Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas J. Williams; Major, Silas Howe. This regiment was raised under special authority from the war department, and was organized at Covington in November, 1864. On the Saltville expedition it performed good and efficient service and was favorably mentioned by the commanding general, among other troops of his division, for gallant bearing in the face of the enemy. After the return from Virginia the regiment was posted by detail in various counties of the state to protect the citizens from depredations of guerrillas, upon which duty it remained until mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, on September 19, 1865.

Buckner's Infantry.—This regiment was one of the earliest military organizations in Kentucky for the Federal cause. It was recruited in Christian county from companies which organized originally as home guards, but soon determined to enter the volunteer service. A camp was established 5 miles north of Hopkinsville, where a few companies remained at a time. Christian county was strongly Unionist, while all the counties west of it were overwhelmingly secessionist. Prior to August 28, 1861, when Colonel James F. Buckner took charge of the camp, the companies had been drilling. The colonel continued in camp for about a month to organize companies and drill as fast as the men came in from Christian and adjoining counties, organizing ten full companies. Buckner was formally elected colonel; James M. Shackelford, ot Hopkinsville, lieutenant-colonel; Benjamin H. Bristow, major. In an article by Colonel R. M. Kelly, in the Century War Book, it is said: "General S. B. Buckner sent forces to Rochester, on Green river, and destroyed the locks there, and then moved against Colonel Buckner's camp, near Hopkinsville. Warned of his approach, Colonel Buckner directed his men, who had not yet been regularly enrolled to disperse, and make their way to the Union camp at Owensboro. They succeeded, but Colonel Buckner was himself taken prisoner." At the Federal camps in Owensboro and Calhoun his men went into other organizations, when they heard that their leader had been captured, many of them joining the 25th Kentucky infantry, under Shackelford and Bristow; others, the 3d Kentucky cavalry, under Colonel James S. Jackson.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, Frank Wolford, Silas Adams; Lieut.-Colonels, John W. Letcher, Francis N. Helveti; Mais., John A. Brents, William A. Coffee, William N. Owens, Thomas Rowland, Alverson T. Keen, Fountain T. Fox, George W. Drye. This regiment was organized with volunteers from Garrard, Casey and adjoining counties, and the men went into Camp Dick Robinson immediately after the August election in 1861. The first movement of the regiment was in August, when several companies under command of Lieut.-Colonel John W. Letcher, went to Lexington to protect the passage of arms through that place. They guarded the wagons to Nicholasville, and on to Camp Dick Robinson. Other duty of similar character was also performed. The first battle fought by Wolford's men was at Camp Wild Cat, in October, where the conduct of the regiment was highly praised by General Schoepf and others. On October 28, 1861, the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service by General Thomas, and from that time it served with the utmost activity throughout the war. On November 30, it was placed in the 11th brigade, commanded by General J. T. Boyle, and on December 10, five companies were sent to Prestonburg, Kentucky, by way of Danville, Lexington and Mt. Sterling. They united with General Garfield's force in that part of Kentucky, and Garfield reported constant fighting against the Confederates under General Humphrey Marshall. The regiment participated in the battle of Mill Springs, where the Confederates under Generals Crittenden and Zollicoffer were signally defeated. Wolford reported 3 killed and 19 wounded, 8 mortally. In April the regiment moved to the vicinity of Nashville and was used for various expeditions in that section, being at the time assigned to Dumont's division of Buell's army. In August it moved to Murfreesboro, then to Nashville, and thence northward with Buell's army on its march to Kentucky, passing through Munfordville, Elizabethtown and Hodgenville. At New Haven it took part in the capture of the Georgia regiment of Colonel Crawford. It took part in the battle of Perryville, then joined in the pursuit of Bragg, after which it returned and moved to Nashville. When Buell was superseded by Rosecrans, the regiment was sent into Kentucky to protect the country against the efforts of the Confederate cavalry to destroy railroads. In March, 1863, it aided in resisting the raid of Confederate General Pegram into the state, and on the 30th fought a severe battle at Dutton's hill, near Crab Orchard. Toward the latter part of August the East Tennessee expedition under General Burnside started, and the regiment accompanied Hascall's division, to Kingston, Tennessee, by way of Somerset and Montgomery. This campaign, with all its incidents, can not be here detailed, but it is enough to say that the regiment was constantly active, moving from place to place, fighting at Kingston, Philadelphia, Maryville and many other places. In the siege of Knoxville the cavalry was placed on the south side of the river, the men being dismounted and placed in defenses on the hills, where they successfully resisted all assaults, the loss of the regiment during the siege being 13 men. After the siege the cavalry followed Longstreet up the Tennessee valley, and at Bean's station a severe and bloody fight occurred, in which Colonel Wolford and his men bore a most conspicuous part. The regiment remained in East Tennessee until February, 1864, when it was sent to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, where it refitted and reorganized for the great campaign in Georgia under General Sherman. The regiment engaged in many encounters, in which it suffered losses before Atlanta was reached, but these can not be detailed here. The most notable event was the Stoneman raid to Macon, Georgia, in which Stoneman was captured, but the regiment fared better. The official report states that "great credit is due to Colonel Adams for the energy and management displayed by him in bringing his command out as safely as he has," his loss in killed, wounded and captured being only 20. After this the regiment returned to Kentucky, and after the expedition to Saltville, Virginia, in which it was as active and useful as ever, fighting, marching and sustaining losses, it returned to Kentucky and on December 31, 1864, after nearly three and one-half years of continuous hard service, having performed its full duty to the state and country, it was mustered out at Camp Nelson.

Second Cavalry.—Colonels, Buckner Board, Thomas P. Nicholas; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas B. Cochran, Elijah S. Watts, William H. Eifort, Owen Starr; Majors, Henry E. Collins, Jesse J. Craddock, Joseph T. Foreman, Robert M. Gilmore, William H. Lower. This regiment was mustered into service September 9, 1861, at Camp Jo. Holt, Indiana, and at once took the field, where it remained on constant active duty, always at the front, for almost full four years. Some weeks were spent at Muldraugh's hill, guarding the trestles on the Louisville & Nashville railroad south of Colesburg, and in the advance to Elizabethtown, Camp Nevin and Camp Wood. In February and March, 1862, it was employed in scouting and on guard duty along the railroad, being assigned to McCook's division of Buell's army. The regiment accompanied Buell from Nashville to Pittsburg landing, took part in the second day's battle of Shiloh, and followed in pursuit of the Confederates to Corinth. When Buell's army entered upon its march to Kentucky, the regiment moved with it, being engaged in scouting, reconnoitering and skirmishing with the enemy. It led the way from Louisville out the Bardstown pike and soon began skirmishing with the enemy's cavalry. One of these skirmishes was at Hay's spring, 10 miles from Louisville, and another at Mt. Washington. On the march to Perryville it had several encounters. Near Bardstown in a charge upon the enemy it suffered in killed and wounded, and in a counter charge Major Watts, Captain Bateman and Lieut. Arthur were captured. Reaching Perryville, it participated in that battle and its services are honorably mentioned in the reports, particularly those of Generals McCook and Rousseau. From Perryville the regiment engaged in the pursuit of Bragg, scouting and skirmishing. It then marched to Nashville, performing guard duty on the way. It was severely engaged at the battle of Murfreesboro, and suffered serious losses. In the months following it was constantly at the front, moving from place to place in Tennessee and Alabama. In General Crook's report of the operation of his cavalry division during the month of September, 1863, his force at Crawfish springs, he says, consisted of Colonel Eli Long's brigade only, and in the severe fight which occurred he states the loss of the and Kentucky cavalry at 11 killed and 50 wounded, among the latter being Adjt. Griffith, Lieut. E. B. Agers, Captain Charles A. Zackary and Lieut. B. P. Brooks. In Long's brigade, the regiment led the advance of Sherman's relieving column and approached Knoxville from the direction of Maryville. After the siege was raised it returned and spent the winter at Bridgeport, Alabama, Lieut.-Colonel Watts being in command. At that place the regiment reenlisted and was assigned to Kilpatrick's division of General Elliott's cavalry corps, organized for the opening of the Atlanta campaign of 1864. It entered upon the first stages of that campaign, taking part in the advance to Rocky Face ridge, Ringgold, Buzzard Roost, Taylor's Ridge and Dalton. It was then ordered to Nashville, where it reported to General Rousseau. With a force of cavalry, including the 2nd Kentucky, then commanded by Major Owen Starr, Rousseau proceeded to Decatur, Alabama, and starting from there July 10, 1864, he traversed 300 miles in 9 days, going as far south as Montgomery, destroying many miles of railroad, large military stores and depots of supplies. He proceeded 100 miles south of Johnston's army and safely joined Sherman in Georgia. With the cavalry the regiment led the way through to Savannah, fighting and skirmishing at many points. In Sherman's march across the Carolinas it was engaged in many encounters, notably at Sister's ferry, Bentonville and Averasboro. On July 17, 1865, four years from the time it had first organized at Camp Jo. Holt, the regiment was mustered out at Lexington, N. C.

Third Cavalry.—Colonels, James S. Jackson, Eli H. Murray; Lieut.-Colonels, Alvin C. Gillem, James Holmes, Robert H. King; Majors, Green Clay Smith, W. S. D. Megowan, Aaron C. Shacklett, Lewis W. Wolfley, George F. White, John W. Breathitt. This regiment began to assemble in September and October, 1861, at Owensboro and Calhoun, and before it was mustered into service, was actively engaged in contests with Confederate cavalry then operating in that part of the state. In October, a portion of the regiment skirmished with the enemy at Woodbury, Kentucky, and in November another portion was engaged at Brownsville. On December 31 it was mustered into the U. S. service at Calhoun, Kentucky, by Major W. W. Sidell, being a full regiment of cavalry, both officers and men of the finest material. Three days prior to the muster in, Major E. H. Murray, with 168 men, was attacked while on a scout by Colonel Forrest, with 300 men, at Sacramento. The fight was fierce, but Murray's men, being greatly outnumbered, gave way. The loss was severe, Captain Bacon being killed, Captain Davis captured, 8 soldiers killed and others wounded. After the capture of Fort Donelson the Federal troops advanced into Tennessee and the 3d cavalry proceeded to Nashville as part of Crittenden's division. It marched with Buell's army to Pittsburg landing and a portion of the regiment was engaged in the second day's battle at Shiloh and received high commendation from General Crittenden. After the battle the regiment continued with Crittenden's division, Buell's army, in the movements on Corinth and Iuka. It was on constant duty all the summer in Tennessee and Alabama, being at Huntsville, Florence, Athens and other points. From Athens, Alabama, it moved to Decherd, Tennessee, and thence proceeded with Buell's army into Kentucky. On August 11, 1862, General Negley, then at Columbia, Tennessee, reported a fight near Kinderhook, in which Major Megowan's battalion of the regiment behaved most gallantly, fighting fiercely for 4 hours, and "driving the enemy in every direction." In December the 3d Kentucky, 7th Pennsylvania and 4th Michigan, under Colonel Ed McCook, made a reconnoissance to Franklin, Tennessee, where it drove off the enemy in a severe fight. Later the regiment was engaged on Wild Cat creek, and in the Stone's river campaign and battle it bore a conspicuous part. A successful charge made by the regiment is mentioned in Stanley's report, and Colonel Minty says: "Colonel Murray, with a handful of men, performed service that would do honor to a full regiment." After the engagement at Stone's river the regiment was sent back to Kentucky. On December 21, 1863, General Boyle wrote to General Grant that he had "ordered the 3d Kentucky cavalry to report to General W. S. Smith at Nashville, as you ordered." Returning to Nashville, the regiment about the last of December 1863, entered the veteran organization, and after the usual furlough joined the cavalry organized for the Atlanta campaign under General Sherman. On May 13, Colonel Murray, then commanding the division of cavalry to which the regiment belonged, under instruction from General Sherman, moved from Resaca to Lay's ferry, Gideon and Calhoun. At each place there was lively fighting. On August 18 the cavalry left Sandtown for an expedition southward, encountering the enemy constantly, the regiment fighting at Camp creek and Stevens' cross-roads. It bore its part in the great movement to the sea and reached Savannah in December, having fought at Buckhead creek and Waynesboro. It then crossed the Carolinas with Sherman's army, participating in all the labors of that memorable campaign, in which it had many encounters, among them being Blackville, Lancaster, Taylor's cross-roads and Fayetteville. In April it was near Lexington, N. C., where it was mustered -out July 15, 1865, the officers and men having proved themselves everywhere worthy of their first brilliant and heroic leader, James S. Jackson.

Fourth Cavalry.—Colonels, Jesse Bayles, G. Clay Smith, Wickliffe Cooper; Lieut.-Colonels, Llewellyn Gwynne, Jacob Ruckstuhl; Majors, John F. Gunkel, Sidney S. Lyon. Recruiting for this regiment began in September, 1861, under the call of Colonel Bayles, who organized the regiment at the fairgrounds at Louisville. The companies came from Louisville, and the counties of Jefferson, Spencer and Bullitt. The regiment was first sworn in by Major John W. Barr, and first paid off in its camp at the fair-grounds by R. J. Menefee, of Louisville. It was held at Louisville until January 6, 1862, when it marched to Bardstown and went into a camp of instruction, being in the brigade commanded by General William H. Lytle. On March 26 it left Bardstown and proceeded to Nashville. In May, Colonel Smith became colonel of the regiment, and the same month, while he was in command, the regiment was in several engagements with the Confederate cavalry in Tennessee, particularly one at Lebanon with Morgan, and for gallant service there Colonel Smith was made brigadier-general. While stationed at Murfreesboro General Bragg's movement to Kentucky began, and the regiment was employed to cover the movement of Buell's army in pursuit as far as Bowling Green. On February 9, 1863, the regiment moved from Bowling Green to Nashville, thence to Murfreesboro, and in March it was engaged in several spirited contests with Van Dorn's and Forrest's troops. Among these may be mentioned the fight at Thompson's station, the expedition to Columbia under General Green Clay Smith, and the fight at Brentwood. In June the regiment was engaged with the enemy at Franklin, where in a charge Colonel Cooper was severely wounded and 1 man was killed. A few days later it was engaged at Triune with loss, and shortly afterward it was engaged at Unionville. In August it moved by way of Fayetteville, Tennessee, and Huntsville, Alabama, to Maysville, Alabama, and on September 3 it crossed Lookout mountain, marched through Alpine to Summerville, Georgia, returning to Valley Head September 15. On the day the great battle of Chickamauga opened the regiment marched to Crawfish springs, where it was fiercely engaged with the Confederate cavalry under General Wheeler. In that desperate fighting the regiment lost 4 officers, Captains Rodgers and Lewis, Lieuts. Cohen and Curtis, and over 90 men wounded and missing. On September 25 it marched for Bellefonte, Alabama, where it arrived on the 30th. On December 2 it marched by way of Chattanooga to Rossville, Georgia, where it arrived on the 5th and constituted the extreme outpost of the army. It remained at Rossville until January 6, 1864, when it reenlisted in the veteran organization. On June 24, 1864, a part of the regiment, under command of Captain John M. Bacon, with Watkins' brigade of Kentucky cavalry, had a remarkable experience at Lafayette, Georgia, where Watkins was attacked by General Pillow with a force of 2,000 men. During the fight all of Captain Bacon's men occupied the court house and jail and successfully fought off their assailants, who withdrew from the contest, and the 4th Kentucky mounted infantry coming up, under Colonels Croxton and Kelly, the withdrawal became precipitate even to a panic, as reported by General Pillow. The regiment was engaged at Resaca and other places in the Atlanta campaign. After the capture of Atlanta it accompanied Sherman's army in its operations in northern Georgia, and in October, when the march to the sea began, it was ordered to Nashville to take part under General Thomas in the campaign against General Hood. Just preceding the battle of Nashville the regiment was sent with a strong cavalry force under General Ed. McCook to oppose General Lyon, who had moved into Kentucky. After the battle of Nashville it was sent to Waterloo, Alabama, thence to Eastport, Mississippi, thence to Chickasaw, Alabama, and then took part in Wilson's celebrated expedition through Alabama and Georgia. It went through Georgia to Tallahassee, Florida, and returned to Macon, Georgia, where it was mustered out August 21, 1865.

Fifth Cavalry—Colonels, David R. Haggard, William P. Sanders. Oliver L. Baldwin; Lieut.-Colonels, Isaac Scott, William T. Hoblitzell; Mais., Michael H. Owsley, Thomas C. Winfrey, John Q. Owsley, Christopher T. Cheek, James L. Wharton. This regiment was actively engaged on military duty several months before it was regularly mustered into service. All through December 1861, and January, 1862, it was scouting the country south of Columbia, and in February, after the Confederates fell back from Bowling Green, it went to Gallatin, Tennessee, where it was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Sandige, March 31, 1862. It then numbered 943 officers and men, and its subsequent career proved it to be one of the most valuable regiments in the service. Chi May 14, General Negley reported from Rogersville, Alabama, that a battalion of the regiment under Major Owsley made a forced march from Pulaski against the enemy on the Lamb's ferry road, where a lively fight occurred, and the endurance and soldierly conduct of Major Owsley and his men are especially mentioned. In June the regiment, under Colonel Haggard, with other troops, crossed the Cumberland mountain and reconnoitered toward Chattanooga. In August with other regiments under General Richard W. Johnson, it left McMinnville, Tennessee, and engaged Morgan's command at Gallatin, but the Union troops were defeated. The regiment participated in the march of Buell's army in pursuit of Bragg, and is reported as being at Louisville in September. On November 14 Colonel Kennett reports the regiment as detached from him and on duty at Nashville. General Sheridan's report of the campaign in Middle Tennessee in June and July, 1863, says the troops, among which was the 5th Kentucky cavalry, moved from Murfreesboro toward Shelbyville, fought at Christiana, camped at Millersburg, then moved to Winchester. There, hearing that Confederate General Wharton was 7 miles away, he ordered Watkins to move against him with the 5th and 6th Kentucky cavalry. He says: "This reconnoissance was handsomely executed by Colonel Watkins, who drove the enemy about 3 miles, inflicting a severe loss." Colonel Watkins says, in his report of the movements of the 5th and 6th cavalry under his command, "June 23, marched from Franklin to Triune; June 25, marched to Murfreesboro; June 28, from Murfreesboro back to Christiana; 29th, within 5 miles of Shelbyville; 30th at Shelbyville, and made a reconnoissance on the road to Tullahoma; July 2, to Tullahoma; July 3, to Cowan and reported to General Sheridan; July 4, made a reconnoissance toward University, met the enemy and engaged in a sharp fight; 5th, camped at Cowan; 7th, reported to General Mitchell." The regiment fought in the battle of Chickamauga at Crawfish springs and was very much cut up. In' General W. S. Smith's report of operations beginning December 20, 1863, he says he ordered the regiment to move from Columbia to the mouth of Duck river to clear the country, and watch the Tennessee river from the mouth of Duck river to Savannah. At Savannah it crossed the Tennessee and marched to Corinth, thence to Collierville, Tennessee, which was reached February 8. It then crossed the Tallahatchie and moved toward Pontotoc and Houston, thence to Okolona, and fought at Prairie Station. On the return the regiment was especially efficient, resisting the attacks of a strong pursuing force. On May 3, 1864, Colonel Baldwin was in command of the regiment, when it entered upon the Atlanta campaign. Near Adairsville it was sent forward in advance of General Logan, encountered the enemy and drove him all day. During June and July the regiment was constantly employed and almost daily engaged with the enemy, acting with the other cavalry of Sherman's army. In August it made its way to Jonesboro, where a severe right took place, then moved on the McDonough road toward Lovejoy's Station. A battle took place at Fosterville, where the cavalry made a magnificent charge, then "moved to McDonough; thence to Cotton Indian creek, where it camped that night." On the West Point and Atlanta railroad a portion of the regiment under Major Cheek sustained a very severe attack. On August 30 it advanced on the Jonesboro road to Flint river, near which the cavalry, including the 5th, engaged in a battle, which the report of Colonel Baldwin says was the "most brilliant cavalry fight in the south." It shared in the march to the sea, and after leaving Savannah marched through the Carolinas, having many encounters, among which was the battle of Bentonville. The end of the war being at hand, and the term of service of the regiment having expired, it was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out May 3. 1865

Sixth Cavalry.—Colonels, Dennis J. Halisy, Louis D. Watkins; Lieut.-Colonels, Reuben Munday, William P. Roper; Majors, Lewis A. Gratz, William H. Fidler, Walter F. Stafford. The ist battalion of this regiment, Cos. A, B, C, D and E, was organized at Lexington during the month of October, 1861, under Major Reuben Munday, and for a considerable time served independently, being known as Munday's battalion. It was mustered into service at Camp Irvine, near Louisville, by Major W. H. Sidell, and was immediately assigned to the division of the Army of the Ohio, commanded by General George W. Morgan. In February, 1862, that command made its way near to the Cumberland gap and Munday's cavalry made an attack on the enemy at the gap, inflicting loss and taking some prisoners. Then, cooperating with General Morgan's other forces, Cumberland gap was taken in June. From Cumberland gap the march was across the country and Munday's battalion, after accompanying the infantry nearly to the Ohio river was sent toward Richmond, reaching Big hill and Rogersville before the enemy, participated in the fighting at those places, and materially aided in the retreat of Metcalfe's 7th Kentucky cavalry and other troops to Lexington, thence to Louisville. During the summer , of 1862 the other battalions of the regiment were organized in the central part of Kentucky under Colonel Halisy. In September, Cos. F, G, H, I, K, L and M were nominally consolidated with Munday's battalion, thus making the 6th cavalry. At that time the ist battalion, under Major Fidler, was sent to Leitchfield, Kentucky, and skirmished with the cavalry of Bragg's army. The 2nd battalion, under Colonel Halisy, went to Bardstown and there encountered Morgan's Confederate cavalry. The 3d, under Major Gratz, went to Stanford and was instrumental in capturing prisoners from Bragg's army. Thus the regiment in the first part of its service operated by battalions and the ist engaged in a number of severe fights, among them Tazewell, Tennessee, Cumberland gap and Richmond. At New Market a fight occurred in which Colonel Halisy was killed. On January 30, 1863, the regiment was ordered to join the Army of the Cumberland at Nashville. In March, about 6 miles from Brentwood, General Green Clay Smith encountered a large force and an engagement took place lasting an hour and a half. Three charges were made on the 6th Kentucky and 2nd Mich., but all were repulsed, when General Smith, finding he was outnumbered, fell back, taking what he had captured. The regiment then aided in driving the enemy beyond Thompson's station and in the month of April it marched from Brentwood to Franklin, where it attacked some Texas troops, capturing the camp with its horses, wagons and 120 men. On June 4 it was at Triune, whence, proceeding in a gallop with the 2nd Mich., it reached Franklin in time to assist the 4th and 7th Kentucky cavalry, and altogether succeeded in gaining a decided victory. On July 5 General Sheridan sent Colonel Watkins in the direction of Stevenson, on a reconnoissance. He says in his report: "This reconnoissance was very handsomely executed by Colonel Watkins, who drove the enemy about 3 miles, inflicting loss." Colonel Watkins, in his report, says he made a reconnoissance toward University, where he encountered the enemy, losing Lieut. William Murphy and 4 men killed, and Lieut. Kimbrough and 4 men wounded. On September 19 the regiment, with Colonel Watkins' other regiments, was desperately engaged at Crawfish springs, part of the battle of Chickamauga. The regiment lost Lieut. Mead and 6 men killed, 1 officer wounded, and 120 men wounded or missing. In the first part of January, 1864, the regiment reenlisted at Rossville, Georgia, and the men were granted 30 days furlough. In the Atlanta campaign it was engaged in a severe fight at Pigeon mountain, Adairsville and Calhoun. On June 24 detachments of the 4th, 6th and 7th Kentucky cavalry were at Lafayette, Georgia, under Colonel Watkins and were attacked by General Pillow, with 2,000 men. Of the 6th, 4 men were killed and 6 wounded. In November the regiment was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, to equip, and was in camp for a short time on the Bardstown road. It afterward took part in Wilson's cavalry raid through Alabama and in June returned to Nashville. It then went into camp at Edgefield, where it was mustered out July 14, 1865.

Seventh Cavalry.—Colonels, Leonidas Metcalfe, John K. Faulkner; Lieut.-Colonels, William C. Oden, Thomas T. Vimont, William W. Brady; Majors, Charles Milward, William O. Smith, Robert Collier, Andrew S. Bloom, Charles C. McNeely. This regiment was recruited in the months of June and July, 1862, but had not been mustered into service when the first Morgan raid disturbed the work of organization. On August 16 it was mustered regularly at Paris. On the 23d General Kirby Smith s army came upon the Federal forces at Big hill and in the battle which occurred some losses were sustained on both sides, the 7th cavalry being very much shattered. Colonel Faulkner completed the organization of the regiment during the fall of 1862 and the winter following. In December, 1862, it moved to Tennessee, and at Castalian Springs joined a force under command of Colonel John M. Harlan. On March 8, 1863, it went on an expedition from Franklin to Columbia, Tennessee, under General Green Clay Smith, fighting and skirmishing all the way. On June 4 it was at Franklin, Tennessee, with a regiment of infantry when the Confederates came up to take the place. In the exciting fighting of the cavalry Colonel Faulkner was severely wounded in the thigh, a wound from which he never fully recovered, but not long after that he was again leading his regiment. In July the regiment went to Bridgeport, Alabama. Until November it was engaged in active duty, such as is incident to cavalry service in connection with a large army in the field, and it participated in the work of the cavalry at Chickamauga. In January, 1864, it went to Maryville, Tennessee, on an expedition and was in actions near Dandridge, at Pigeon river and Paris' ford. On June 24 part of the regiment was with Colonel Faulkner at Lafayette, Georgia, with other cavalry under Colonel Watkins, when the place was fiercely attacked by General Pillow and a remarkable battle occurred. On July 7 the remainder of the regiment came up to Lafayette from Wauhatchie. In August the regiment engaged in a fierce fight with Wheeler's cavalry at Dalton, and a little later fought at Graysville. In December 1864, it was encamped at Edgefield, Tennessee, with Watkins' brigade and other cavalry under General McCook. Orders were received on the 1 1th to move the next day to Kentucky to operate against the raid of Confederate General Lyon. The regiment moved with McCook's command the next day, passed through Russellville and proceeded to Hopkinsville, where it encountered and fought with Lyon's forces. Lyon was defeated and the regiment returned to Edgefield, Tennessee. In January, 1865, it was at Waterloo, Alabama, continuing through February and March with the cavalry operations in Alabama, and in April it went into Georgia as far as Macon. In June it returned to Edgefield, Tennessee, and on July 10, 1865, was mustered out, though Cos. F, I and L were transferred to the 6th Kentucky veteran cavalry.

Eighth Cavalry.—Colonels, James M. Shackelford, Benjamin H. Bristow; Lieut.-Colonel, James H. Holloway; Majors, Joseph M. Kennedy, Joseph W. Weatherford, Samuel M. Starling. Recruiting for this regiment commenced in August, 1862, and the 1st battalion was raised in Henderson, Daviess and adjoining counties, under Major Holloway. The 2nd was raised in Logan and adjacent counties under Lieut.-Colonel Bristow, and this battalion was under Major Kennedy. The 3d battalion was recruited by Major Weatherford, at Lebanon. The 1st battalion was mustered in at Henderson September 13, 1862, and the 2nd and 3d at Russellville September 8. The regiment was at that date full, numbering 1,248 men, and the whole number was raised in three weeks from the time recruiting began. Colonel Shackelford, with Holloway's battalion, attacked Adam Johnson's command at Geiger's lake and dispersed it, but in the fight Shackelford was wounded by a shot through the foot. In November, 1862, Holloway's battalion moved from Henderson to Bowling Green. On the march a night attack was made upon the camp by Colonel Fowler with his guerrilla band, but the 8th suffered no loss. From Bowling Green two companies went on a scout into Tennessee and captured 100 Confederates, who were foraging. The principal service of the regiment was its participation in the pursuit and capture of Morgan in July, 1863, under the leadership of its original colonel, then Brigadier-General, Shackelford. After the capture of-Morgan the regiment returned to Russellville, Kentucky, having spent a year in continued activity. On September 23, 1863, the term of service having expired, it was mustered out at Russellville and a great many of the men at once joined other organizations.

Ninth Cavalry.—Colonel, Richard T. Jacob; Lieut.-Colonel, John Boyle; Majors, John T. Farris, William C. Moreau, George W. Rue, James R. Page, John C. Brent. About July 27, 1862, Richard T. Jacob issued a call to raise one regiment of cavalry for 12 months. In a week's time Adjt.-General Finnell informed him that if reports were true the regiment was full and overflowing. One battalion of 448 men came in one day under George W. Rue, who afterward was made major. The regiment was formed into companies, nearly 1,000 horses shod, and on the night of August 22 the officers and men were sworn in and uniforms, guns and rations issued. Thus in less than three weeks a regiment of 1,244 officers and men was raised and equipped, and two battalions started to where the enemy was expected to come into the state. On August 30 two companies acting as escort to General Nelson, only seven days from formation, were in a great battle and behaved well. Colonel John Boyle, with about half of the regiment, was at the battle of Perryville. Later, the reunited regiment, now under command of Colonel Boyle, was sent to the Cumberland river, and many were the encounters it had with Champ Ferguson and others. At the end of the year it had several brushes with John Morgan and command, and aided to drive him out of Kentucky. It is almost impossible to name the innumerable conflicts the command had up to that date. On May 10 575 men of the regiment were attacked at Horseshoe bottom by all of Morgan's command. The regiment participated in the pursuit of Morgan through Indiana and Ohio, and had the honor of the last fight in Kentucky at Marrowbone and the first fight when it overtook the enemy in Ohio. The regiment's time soon afterward expired and it was mustered out.

Tenth Cavalry.—Colonels, Joshua Tevis, Charles J. Walker; Lieut.-Colonel, Ralph R. Maltby; Majors, James L. Foley, William A. Doniphan, John Mason Brown, James M. Taylor. This regiment was raised by Colonel Tevis and organized at Maysville during the summer of 1862. In July, August and September it was at Covington, and did not encounter the enemy until the battle of Perryville. It remained in Kentucky during the principal part of its service, though in the work of driving the enemy from the state it once entered Tennessee and was once in Virginia. On December 25, 1862, one battalion under Major Brown went on an expedition through London and Barboursville to Big Creek gap  and engaged in numerous skirmishes. Another battalion proceeded on to Perkins' mill, Tennessee, where it encountered the enemy and had a sharp fight with complete success, capturing 51 prisoners, 80 horses and 200 muskets. In March, 1863, Colonel Cluke's command crossed Cumberland river at Stigall's ferry below Somerset and made its way to Richmond, Winchester, Mt. Sterling and other points. The 10th cavalry, engaged in opposing Cluke, advanced from Crab Orchard and skirmished at Lancaster. Then, pursuing on, it encountered Cluke's men at a great many points, among them a fight about half way from Winchester to Mt. Sterling, where Major Brown checked a fierce attack, and the 44th Ohio coming up the enemy fled. Cluke was charged and driven out of Winchester, then by feigning to go to Paris he directed the Federal forces in that direction, and returned to Mt. Sterling where he fell upon a portion of the 10th under Captain Ratcliffe, who defended himself from houses. Cluke resorted to the torch and after burning the place captured Ratcliffe and paroled him and his men. Finally, the regiment, cooperating with a force under Colonel Sanders, of the 5th Kentucky cavalry, succeeded i n driving Cluke to Virginia. It was a portion of the 10th, under Major Brown, which captured General Humphrey Marshall's "artillery." The regiment was mustered out September 17, 1863, at Maysville, Kentucky

Eleventh Cavalry.—Colonels, Alexander W. Holeman, Milton Graham; Lieut.-Colonels, William E. Riley, Archibald J. Alexander^ Milton Graham, William O. Boyle; Majors, William 0. Boyle, Duvall English. Frederick Slater. This regiment was recruited in the summer of 1862. Captain Milton Graham opened a camp at Harrodsburg, where Cos. A, D, C and F were recruited from the counties of Mercer, Washington and Madison and reported at rendezvous about July 11. On arriving at Frankfort, the recruits were ordered to report to Major Holeman. During their -stay Co. B was recruited and from Frankfort the command marched to Louisville, where it encamped at the fair-grounds, engaged in drilling, recruiting and picket duty until September 22. While at the fair-grounds, Cos. E, G, H and I were recruited, and the whole command was mustered into the U. S. service on September 22 by Captain V. N. Smith, U. S. mustering officer. Lieut.-Colonel Riley was later commissioned and assumed command of the regiment, which marched to Bowling Green, Kentucky, thence to Scottsville, Kentucky, and Gallatin, Tennessee. On December 7, 1862, Captain Frederick Slater of Co. E, with 44 men, was at Hartsville, Tennessee, when the place was attacked by General John Morgan and the force there under Colonel Moore of the 104th Illinois, was captured. When this engagement took place the regiment was at Gallatin, and on December 25 it received -orders to march to Glasgow, where it remained several weeks. On April 17, 1863, the regiment left Columbia, Kentucky, for a rapid march to Burkesville. On the way it had a lively skirmish at Creelsboro, capturing 12 prisoners, with their horses. In May, with the 9th and 12th Kentucky cavalry, all under Colonel Jacob, it fought with Morgan at Greasy creek. Returning from the pursuit of Morgan through Indiana and Ohio, the regiment passed through Cincinnati, marched to Nicholasville, and engaged in the pursuit of Scott's Confederate cavalry out of Kentucky, t accompanied General Burnside's East Tennessee expedition, and during the month of September cooperated with the infantry all through East Tennessee from below Loudon and Kingston to the borders of Virginia. It participated in the severe engagement near Philadelphia and Sweetwater, being the first regiment attacked, and it suffered the loss of about 100 in prisoners. On the approach of Federal troops from Chattanooga Longstreet raised the siege of Knoxville and went up the Tennessee valley. The cavalry pursued and at Bean's station fought a severe battle, in which the 11th cavalry participated. It remained on duty in East Tennessee and in January, 1864, fought a severe battle at  Sevierville. On February 4 it received orders to move to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, where the 3d battalion, under Major W. O. Boyle, joined the regiment. The men were mounted and equipped, reported to General Stoneman, and marched for Nashville, Tennessee. In the Atlanta campaign it was engaged with the cavalry at Dalton, Cassville and other places; took part in the noted raid under General Stoneman; when Stoneman's command was surrounded, Major Boyle cut his way out and returned with his regiment to Marietta, with a loss of 60 men. The regiment was then ordered to Kentucky, where it immediately engaged in the active pursuit of bands of Confederates then raiding over the state. It was in all the fighting incident to the Virginia salt works movement and acquitted itself with great credit. After the severe battle fought at the salt works, the regiment returned to Kentucky with the other troops and after a few weeks' rest at Lexington was ordered to join General Stoneman in his campaign through East Tennessee and into Virginia. The weather was cold, provisions were scarce, and the fighting was severe. One of the engagements was at Marion, Virginia, in which the regiment participated, and among other losses, Lieut.-Colonel Boyle was killed while leading his men in a charge. From this expedition the regiment returned to Lexington, and without resting engaged again in chasing raiders out of Kentucky. On February 27, 1865, together with the 12th Kentucky cavalry, it was sent by rail to Nashville, thence by way of Chattanooga to Knoxville, where they arrived March 9. On March 18 they moved up the valley via Jonesboro into Virginia. Later the column moved into North Carolina and marched rapidly towards Salisbury, where a severe fight occurred, in which the regiment made a gallant charge and put the enemy to rout. On April 23 the regiment under Major Slater made a charge at Asheville, N. C., and captured a battery. It returned to Louisville and was mustered out July 14, 1865.

Twelfth Cavalry.—Colonels, Quintus C. Shanks, Eugene W. Crittenden; Lieut.-Colonels, Alexander W. Holeman, James T. Bramlette; Majors, Nathaniel L. Lightfoot, William R. Kinney, Ira H. Stout, Julius N. Delfosse, James B. Harrison, George F. Barnes. This regiment dated from August 16, 1862, though it was not until November 17 that eleven companies, with the field and staff, were mustered into the U. S. service at Owensboro. The twelfth company was on a scout, so it was mustered in later and joined the regiment at Munfordville. The roll then showed 1,250 men in all, but during the service from first to last it mustered over 2,000 men and quit the service with less than 900. During Morgan's first raid into Kentucky, the regiment with other troops under Colonel John M. Harlan, acting under General E. H. Hobson, was engaged in protecting the Louisville & Nashville railroad. While there was much sharp skirmishing no actual collision took place, but Colonel Harlan in his report shows that his force saved several bridges from destruction, including the one at Rolling fork and the one at Shepherdsville, and by great activity prevented much injury to the road. On May 10, 1863, the regiment was engaged in a hard fight with Morgan at Horseshoe bottom. In June Morgan crossed the Cumberland at Burkesville and the regiment was again engaged with him at Marrowbone. It participated in the pursuit of Morgan through Indiana and Ohio, after which it reassembled at Glasgow and prepared for the expedition into East Tennessee under General Burnside. Arriving at Knoxville September 5, it moved up the valley as far as Jonesboro. After skirmishing there it was sent with Wolford's command south of Knoxville, to the neighborhood of Sweetwater and Philadelphia, where it encountered a large force of the enemy, was surrounded, lost heavily, but cut its way out and proceeded to Loudon. The next day it returned and for two days fought the enemy, after which it crossed to the north side of the Tennessee river. It then moved up to Knoxville, crossed the Holston and proceeded down the river about 16 miles, where it again encountered the enemy and fell back before him to Knoxville. Recrossing the river it went out on the Loudon road and contested the approach of Longstreet's forces. It bore its full share of the fighting during the three weeks' siege of Knoxville and after the siege joined in the pursuit up the valley. It participated in the severe battle at Bean's station. It remained in East Tennessee during the winter and had numerous fights with the enemy. In January, 1864, it was attacked at Dandridge, but defended the position. After that, by a circuitous march by way of Maryville, it reached Knoxville February 3 and was ordered to return to Kentucky. Being mounted and equipped the regiment moved with General Stoneman in May by way of Point Burnside into Tennessee and May 6 was at Kingston. It joined Sherman's army at Varnell's station, Georgia, and Dr. Littlepage says not a day passed in the Atlanta campaign that the regiment was not engaged with the enemy. After the capture of Atlanta it was ordered back to Kentucky and went to Camp Nelson, where it prepared to accompany General Stoneman on his raid to Saltville, Virginia. Before it could effect its return it had passed into the state of North Carolina. Returning, it fought at Glade spring and passed down by way of Bristol and Blountsville. After resting a few days in Tennessee the regiment was ordered to Kentucky and was employed in the winter of 1864, to protect the Louisville & Nashville railroad. About March jo, 1865, it was ordered to Knoxville, Tennessee, to participate in a raid under General Stoneman, into Virginia and North Carolina. It moved into Virginia by way of Bristol, followed up near the railroad above Wytheville, where it filed right and moved into North Carolina, meeting very little resistance until it arrived at Boone, when it met a small force of Confederates. After a hotly contested skirmish the enemy gave way with some loss on both sides, when it moved down the Yadkin river, crossed the Dee river and went to Salisbury, which it took by storm and recaptured about 1,000 of its own men. Then to Asheville and from there to Anderson, S. C. From Anderson it moved by a circuitous route to Athens, Georgia, and was finally ordered back to Louisville, where it was mustered out August 23, 1865.

Thirteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, James W. Weatherford; Lieut.-Colonel, John A. Morrison; Majors, Harrison M. Hurt, Ferdinand D. Rigney, George W. Sweeney. The condition of affairs in eastern and southern Kentucky led to the formation of a regiment at Columbia in the summer of 1863, and it became the 13th Kentucky Cavalry. The men were familiar with the country and the regiment was employed mainly in that section. It went at once into active duty, even while in process of formation and before it was mustered into service, which was December 23, 1863. On December 6 three scouting parties of 100 men each were sent out, one to cross Cumberland river at Creelsboro, one at Celina, and one at Burkesville. Fifteen of the raiding enemies called guerrillas were killed, 23 captured, and their horses taken. On March 23, 1864, the regiment still being on duty in the same station. General Hobson reported that some of its men under Major Rigney had fought with Colonel Hamilton on the Cumberland river and captured him and 12 of his gang. On May 14 Colonel Weatherford reported from Burkesville that he had encountered the enemy at the Wolf river, lost 2 men killed and others wounded, and captured 8 prisoners, including a captain. On September 16 the regiment was ordered to concentrate at Mt. Sterling with the other troops under General Hobson, Colonels Brown, Hanson and others, for the expedition to Saltville, Virginia. It participated in this campaign and was engaged in all its severe fighting and hard marching. In the battle at Saltville the regiment lost 4 men killed and 13 wounded. Returning from this expedition, the regiment was at Mt. Sterling, Lexington and Crab Orchard. It remained at Camp Nelson on duty until January 10, 1865, when it was mustered out on account of expiration of term of service.

Fourteenth Cavalry.—Colonel, Henry C. Lilly; Lieut.-Colonel, Andrew Herd; Majors, Joseph W. Stivers, Alfred Smith, John C. Eversole, Robert T. Williams. The organization of this regiment was begun in the summer of 1862, the companies being promptly recruited in the counties of Estill, Owsley, Bath, Montgomery, Clark, Madison, Rockcastle and Powell. They assembled at Mt. Sterling in July, but before any organization had been effected, or arms obtained the Confederate forces under General Kirby Smith came into the state. The fighting which took place at Big hill and Richmond caused the unarmed men of the regiment to abandon their camp at Mt. Sterling and for a time the organization was practically disbanded, though some of the men were held together and fought against Morgan at Brookville, Kentucky, as he retreated from Augusta, in September. After the Confederates left the state the men of the regiment reassembled at Mt. Sterling, where four companies—A, B, C and D—were organized and mustered into service November 6, and the regiment was completed in February, 1863, the other companies being mustered in at Irvine February 13. The services of the regiment were almost entirely in eastern Kentucky. In January, 1863, Major Stivers, with 150 men of the regiment, dashed upon a band in Powell county, captured its leader and 11 men, and took their horses, guns, etc. The regiment was engaged in numerous skirmishes, and was continuously marching. Among its battles was the one at Dutton's hill in Pulaski county, near Somerset, when Confederate General Pegram, with about 2,500, was attacked by the Federal troops under General Gillmore. It also went on the East Tennessee campaign under General Burnside in September, 1863, and participated in the hardships and dangers of that campaign. The 1st battalion was mustered out September 6, 1863, and the remainder of the regiment in March, 1864.

Fifteenth Cavalry.—Lieut.-Colonels, Gabriel Netter, Albert P. Henry; Major, Wiley Waller. This regiment was recruited and organized by Colonel Netter, who had been a captain in the 26th Kentucky infantry. While he was organizing in camp at Owensboro a Confederate force under Colonel Scobee attacked his camp, and Colonel Netter was killed in the fight that ensued. The regiment soon was ordered to Paducah and remained on duty in that part of the state, during its entire term of service. In June, 1863, it went to Spring creek, Tennessee, where it had a brisk skirmish with the enemy. It was mustered out October 20, 1863.

Sixteenth Cavalry.—Major, George F. Barnes. The adjutant-general's report only mentions this regiment as being consolidated with the 12th Kentucky cavalry. In the official reports, it appears to have been at Lebanon, Kentucky, in May, 1863, and in June and July following, in that section of the state in the command of General E. H. Hobson. It accompanied Manson's division in the expedition into East Tennessee, and in August, 1863, was near Cleveland, engaged in skirmishing with the enemy. It returned from East Tennessee to Kentucky and in March, 1864, was at Paducah. Colonel S. G. Hicks commanded the post and had with him, including the 16th, 665 men. He was attacked by Forrest, with a large force, but Forrest was defeated and driven off with severe loss, for which Colonel Hicks and the men under him received the thanks and congratulations of the commanding officers. During the fighting at that place the 16th under Major Barnes was ordered to make a sally and burn some buildings, in which were sharpshooters, and the order was promptly and effectually executed. In June, 1864, the 1st battalion of the 16th under Captain Charles Bachman, as part of General Garrard's command was engaged in the fighting with Morgan, at Cynthiana, Kentucky, where Morgan was routed, and the battalion engaged in the pursuit. In the fall of 1864, the 16th accompanied General Gillem's expedition to East Tennessee, being under the command of Major Barnes. On September 10 it was at Strawberry plains; moved thence to Bull's gap, Greeneville and Rogersville; fought at Leesburg and from there moved to Jonesboro, and then went to Duvall's ford on the Watauga river, where it engaged the enemy. Four companies of the 16th were consolidated with the 12th Kentucky cavalry in March, 1864.

Seventeenth Cavalry.—Colonel, Samuel F. Johnson; Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas W. Campbell; Majors, John B. Tyler, Nelson C. Lawrence, Thomas J. Lovelace. This regiment was organized in the winter of 1864-65. A portion of it was mustered into the U. S. service by Lieut. Russell, m December, 1864, at Russellville; a portion by Captain Smith, at Owensboro in April, 1865; and the remainder at Louisville in the months of January, February and March. The regiment did good service in the southern portion of the state and along the line of the Louisville & Nashville railroad, guarding that great military thoroughfare. It went with a cavalry force to Hopkinsville and participated in all the operations against Lyon, fighting at Hopkinsville and in Lyon county. It was engaged in numerous skirmishes, in which loss was sustained, besides the battles at Hopkinsville, Bunker Hill, and in Lyon county, Kentucky. It was finally mustered out at Louisville September 20, 1865.

Battery A.—Captains, David C. Stone, Theodore S. Thomasson; First Lieuts. Alphonso W. Roath, John H. Mellen, Robert A. Moffett, John D. Irwin, William H. Sinclair, John H. Landwehre; Second Lieuts , George W. Clark, William K. Irwin, Frederick B. Sanger. This battery was organized in July, 1861, at Camp Jo. Holt, opposite Louisville. Captain Stone's battery was with the force that went to Muldraugh's hill and it was there that his men were mustered into the U. S. service September 27, 1861. When the Confederates fell back from Kentucky on account of the fall of Fort Donelson, Battery A was taken to Nashville and attached to General McCook's division of the army under General Buell. Passing over the field of Shiloh it went before Corinth, Mississippi, where it continued until that place was evacuated by the enemy. In Tune it was at Florence, Alabama, in July at Battle creek, and in August at Pelham, Tennessee. It moved with Buell's army to Kentucky and was engaged in the battle of Perryville. After Bragg left Kentucky the battery returned to Nashville. It participated in the battle of Stone's river, being as effective there as at Perryville, though suffering more, not only in men but also in the loss of horses. During the year 1863 it was taken to numerous points on marches and reconnoissances, among them one in September to Stevenson, Alabama. Being selected for the defenses of Nashville, middle Tennessee, and the railroads in that section, it was kept there during the winter, spring and summer of 1864. In January, 1864, it went into the veteran organization. From Pulaski it fell back with the Federal forces under Schofield through Columbia and Spring Hill to Franklin, where it took a leading part in the battle of November 30, after which it moved with Schofield's troops to Nashville, and fought in the battle there in December. On December 17 it moved to Franklin on the 18th to Spring Hill, 19th to Rutherford creek, 21st to Columbia, 23d toward Pulaski and engaged with the retiring enemy, firing 40 rounds. It then followed Hood's broken army southward as far as Huntsville, Alabama, where it remained until February, 1865. It went into East Tennessee with a force in March and returned to Nashville where it spent April and May, 1865. It was then taken to New Orleans in June and later to Victoria, Texas. From that point it returned to Louisville where it was mustered out November 5, 1865.

Battery B.—Captain John M. Hewett; First Lieuts., George W. Nell, Albion A. Ellsworth; Second Lieuts., William H. Spence, William N. Snail, Mathew H. Turner. The men in this battery were recruited by Captain Hewett for infantry service, but as an artillery company was needed, it was drilled for that service and was mustered in as such by General Thomas October 8, 1861. In December, it was at Campbellsville; in January, 1862, at Birch Grove; in February it was taken to Louisville; was immediately sent to Nashville, where it was continuously from March to November, 1862, being used there for the defense of the city and the surrounding country. When Buell was superseded by Rosecrans, Battery B went with the Federal army from Nashville to Murfreesboro, and participated in the battle of Stone's river. Its losses were severe and the horses were greatly injured. After the battle the battery remained at Murfreesboro and vicinity until June, 1863, when it engaged in an expedition under General Negley from Murfreesboro through Hoover's gap, Manchester, Hillsboro and Bobo's cross-roads to Elk river, engaging the enemy frequently on the way, once severely at University. This battery did not enter the veteran organization as a whole, but some of its members did so, and they were transferred to Battery A. The battery, as an organization, was ordered to Louisville in November, 1864, and on November 16 was mustered out.

Battery C—Captains, John W. Neville, Richard W. McReynolds; First Lieuts., Charles Bradley, Hugh S. Rawls; Second Lieuts., Richard W. McReynolds, Thomas J. Walters. This battery was organized in August, 1863, by Captain Neville. It was intended for one year's service, but m February, 1864, it entered the veteran organization and continued in service until the end of the war. The camp was located at Lebanon, but on July 3, 1863, that place was attacked by General Morgan and the troops there under Colonel Charles S. Hanson were compelled to surrender. The men being left without parole, Captain Neville moved his camp to Louisville, completed his organization and was mustered into service September 10, 1863. On March 1, 1864, he reported to General Sturgis at Paris, Kentucky, began the move with General Stoneman on his raid to Georgia, but after starting was ordered to return and report to General Burbridge at Lexington, and was assigned to the 5th division, 23d army corps, at Mt. Sterling. On June 9 the battery came up with Morgan's forces in the vicinity of Mt. Sterling and was severely engaged for several hours. All the battery horses except 1 were killed and 1 gun captured, which was a little afterward recaptured. Equipping with other horses the battery, with the various troops that had come up, it pursued Morgan through Lexington to Cynthiana, where another severe fight occurred. On November 14, 1864, the men of the battery who did not reenlist were mustered out, while the veterans and recruits continued with the 5th division, in Colonel Hanson's brigade. With these troops it went on the expedition to Saltville, Virginia, enduring all the hardships and severe fighting incident thereto. From that campaign it returned to the eastern part of Kentucky, where it was held on duty until in the early part of 1865, when it was ordered to Arkansas. It remained there on duty during the spring of 1865, and thence returned to Louisville, where it was mustered out July 26, 1865.

Battery E.—Captains, John J. Hawes, Llewyllyn E. P. Bush, Samuel A. Miller; Second Lieut., Frank G. Clark. This battery was organized at Louisville, Kentucky, in September, 1863, under Captain Hawes, and was mustered into the U. S. service at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, October 6, 1863, for one year, by Captain R. B. Hull. It performed garrison duty at Camp Nelson and Camp Burnside for several months, being in the command of General T. T. Garrard commanding the District of Somerset, and in February, 1864, reenlisted for three years. It was at Lexington, Kentucky, in June, 1864, when the city was attacked by John Morgan's forces, and by a few well directed shots succeeded in driving them from the city. It remained at Lexington, until November, 1864, in Colonel Price's brigade, General McLean's division, when it received orders to march for East Tennessee and join General Stoneman in his expedition against Saltville, Virginia. This battery participated in the battle of Marion. Virginia, and in the capture of Saltville, after which all the guns of the battery were destroyed and the men mounted and returned to Lexington, by way of Pound gap and Mt. Sterling. From Lexington it marched to Camp Nelson, where it remained until ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, for muster-out August 1, 1865.

First Independent, or Simmonds' Battery.—Captains, Seth J. Simmonds, Daniel W. Glassie; First Lieuts., James M. Kerr, George Hattersly, Robert C. Steen, Arthur Erenburgh, James W. Conine, Leonard Magnos; Second Lieuts., Frederick A. Danie, Hamilton B. White, Robert Johnson. This battery was organized as Co. E, 1st Kentucky infantry, at Camp Clay, Ohio, in 1861, and detached as artillery October 31, 1861, by the secretary of war at the instance of General Rosecrans then commanding in western Virginia. It was mustered into the U. S. service (as Co. E, in the 1st Kentucky infantry) on June 3, 1861, by Mai. S. Burbank, 1st U. S. infantry. It was assigned to the Department of West Virginia, and participated in all the engagements in that department. It was originally commanded by Captain Simmonds until March, 1864, when Captain Glassie assumed command and under him it veteranized at Charleston, W. Virginia. This battery served with great credit in all the campaigns in western Virginia in the early part of the war and later was engaged in some of the great battles of the Army of the Potomac. It was at South mountain and Antietam, and received special and numerous mention in the reports of those battles. It participated in the following battles in which loss was sustained: Tyler's mountain, Horse Shoe bend, Cotton mountain, Gauley bridge, Wolf creek, Cloyd mountain, South mountain. New River bridge, Lynchburg, Salem, Virginia, Frederick and Antietam, Md. It was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 10, 1865.

Patterson's Mechanics and Engineers.—Captain, William F. Patterson; Second Lieut., Andrew Patterson. This company was organized at Somerset, Kentucky, under Captain W. F. Patterson, and mustered into the U. S. service by Lieut. Charles S. Medary. It was engaged in the construction of roads and defenses in Kentucky until in October, 1862, when it moved with the column of which it was a part to Charleston, Virginia. It embarked on transports November 1 for Memphis, arriving there about December 1. On December 20 it embarked on transports for the Yazoo river, and debarked at Chickasaw bayou on the 26th. From that date to January 1, 1863, the company was constantly engaged, day and night, in preparing earthworks, and on December 28 was greatly exposed in an effort to throw a pontoon bridge across Chickasaw bayou, under a destructive fire from the enemy. On March 30, 1863, it marched to Richmond, Louisiana, with the 69th Indiana, the advance of the army, for the rear of Vicksburg. On April 28 it embarked on transports for Grand Gulf and debarked the same day at Hard Times, 2 miles above Grand Gulf. During the charge at Vicksburg on May 22, Lieut. Steiner, of the 60th Indiana, led two squads of the pioneers to dig down the earthworks on either side of the railroad, vacated for the time by the enemy. On August 5 the pioneer corps was disbanded and this company was ordered with the 13th army corps to New Orleans, Louisiana, where it arrived on the 27th. On November 15 it embarked on transports for Brazos Santiago, Texas, and arrived on the 20th. It built hospitals, signal stations, warehouses, wharves, and did mechanical work generally up to April 19, 1864, when it embarked with the 13th army corps for Alexandria, Louisiana On July 3, it reported to the engineer department of the Gulf, and dividing, the company took charge of mechanical work and a steam saw-mill in Cypress swamp up to November 17, when it was ordered to report to Louisville, Kentucky, its term of three years' service having expired. The company was finally mustered out at Louisville January 22, 1865.

First Regiment Capital Guards.—Colonel, Pierce B. Hawkins; Lieut.-Colonel, Jesse J. Craddock; Major, Charles W. Quiggins. This regiment was raised under sanction of the war department, dated July u, 1863, and consisted of three battalions—one stationed in the neighborhood of Frankfort, one at or near Paducah, and one in the Sandy valley. The Sandy valley battalion rendered most important service during the Saltville raid. The Frankfort battalion protected the capital from the frequent incursions of guerrilla forces. The Paducah battalion protected the southwestern portion of the state.

Three Forks Battalion.—Major, Elisha B. Treadway. This battalion was raised under an act of the Kentucky legislature, approved January 26, 1864, entitled "An act empowering the government to raise a force for the defense of the state." It was located in the extreme southeastern portion of the state. Hall's Gap Battalion.—Major, H. Bridgewater. This battalion was raised under the before-mentioned act and was stationed in the locality between Stanford and Hall's gap, headquarters at Stanford.

Mercer County State Guards.—Captain James Lawson; Lieuts., Benjamin F. Coldwell, George W. Lambert. This company was raised under the militia law of the state, and being ordered on duty was assigned for service to Hall's gap battalion, with which it served. Green River Battalion.—Major, John W. Swinker. This battalion was located in the counties between the Ohio and Green rivers, with headquarters at Calhoun. It was organized under the legislative enactment mentioned above.

Middle Green River Battalion.—Major, W. J. Long. This battalion was located in the southern portion of the state, with headquarters at Rochester. South Cumberland Battalion.—Major, James M. Bristow. This battalion was also located in the southern portion of the state, with headquarters at Burkesville. First State Cavalry.—Major, Silas Adams. This battalion was located in the central part of the state, with headquarters at Lebanon.

Casey County State Guards.—Captain, George W. Penn; Lieuts., Warren Lamme, William Rains. This company was raised under the militia law of the state, and being ordered on duty was assigned for service to the 1st Kentucky state cavalry, with which it performed duty. Frankfort Battalion.—Captains, Charles Junot, Thomas R. Boyd; Lieuts., James M. Simmonds, John H. Spruill. This battalion was assigned to duty in guarding the Louisville & Lexington railroad and the country adjacent thereto.