Union Regiments by State

Iowa

Source: The Union Army, Vol. IV. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.


Military Affairs in Iowa
1861-65

According to the census of 1860 the population of Iowa was 674,948. The early spring of 1861 was a period of general unrest. Several of the Southern states had seceded from the Union before President Lincoln was inaugurated. Iowa watched the movement with interest and stood ready to check its progress whenever the proper authorities should give the word. On April 16, the day following the president's call for 75,000 troops, a telegram from the war department called upon Governor Kirkwood for a regiment of militia for immediate service. Colonel Vandever carried the telegram from Davenport to the governor's farm near Iowa City. When the governor had read it, he expressed some doubt about being able to raise "a whole regiment of men." And, indeed, at the commencement of the war, although Governor Kirkwood exerted himself to the utmost of his ability to raise troops for the defense of the state, and for the purpose of complying with the calls of the U. S. Government, the task seemed one of considerable difficulty; for Missouri, on the southern border of the state, was not then loyal, and Nebraska, at the west, though loyal, had too few inhabitants to be able to oppose much resistance to an armed invasion. But the work of recruiting was immediately begun, and Governor Kirkwood soon discovered that his doubts were without foundation. It was easier to raise the men than to secure equipments for them. To provide for the necessary expenses he summoned the legislature of the state to meet in extra session on May 15. The day before the legislature met, the 1st infantry was mustered into the service of the United States at Keokuk, and other regiments were in process of formation, but the question of arming and equipping the men became a serious one. From all parts of the state came the demand for muskets. When the special session of the legislature met, Governor Kirkwood delivered his message, in which he made use of the following language:

"In this emergency, Iowa must not and does not occupy a doubtful position. For the Union, as our fathers formed it,  and for the government they formed so wisely and so well, the people of Iowa are ready to pledge every fighting man in the state, and every dollar of her money and credit; and I have called you together in extraordinary session for the purpose of making that pledge formal and effective.

"The procuring of a liberal supply of arms for the use of the state is a matter that I earnestly recommend to your early and serious consideration. The last four weeks have taught us a lesson which I trust we may never forget—that peace is the proper time in which to prepare for war.

"I feel assured the state can readily raise the means necessary to place her in a position consistent alike with her honor and her safety. Her territory, of great extent and unsurpassed fertility, inviting and constantly receiving a desirable emigration; her population of nearly three-quarters of a million of intelligent, industrious, energetic, and liberty-loving people; her very rapid past and prospective growth; her present financial condition, having a debt of only about one-quarter of a million of dollars, unite to make her bonds among the most desirable investments that our country affords."

No doubt about being able to raise "a whole regiment of men," now existed in Governor Kirkwood's mind. Already enough companies to organize five regiments had been formed, and the recruiting still went on. From the experience of the last four weeks, he had learned the spirit of Iowa's sons; and it was no exaggeration when he said in his message that Iowa stood ready to pledge the last man and the last dollar to preserve the Union.

On May 28 the legislature passed an act appointing the governor of the state, Charles Mason of Des Moines county, William Smyth of Linn, James Baker of Lucas, and C. W. Slagle of Jefferson, a commission to sell from time to time, as exigencies demanded, bonds to the amount of $800,000, the proceeds to constitute a "war and defense fund." In order to make the loan a popular one, one-fourth of the bonds was ordered to be printed in denominations of $100; one-fourth, of $500, and the remainder, of $1,000, each. But through the careful management of Governor Kirkwood only about $300,000 of this war and defense fund was used.

On the same date the governor was empowered to purchase 5,000 stands of arms and such quantities of ammunition as he might deem necessary, also tents, clothing and camp equipage, all to be paid for from the war and defense fund. A joint resolution to uniform the 1st regiment in the same manner as the 2nd and 3d regiments had been uniformed, had been passed four days before. A memorial to the president asking permission to form an "Iowa Brigade" of the regiments then organized, and also to permit Iowa to furnish at least one company of cavalry, was adopted during the session.

These acts, resolutions, and memorials, were not passed without some opposition. Although a majority of the members were in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war, there was a considerable minority that held the opposite view. They wanted a cessation of hostilities, to hold peace conventions, to compromise, etc. On July 22, about a month after the special session adjourned, this minority met and passed resolutions declaring the $800,000 loan unconstitutional. They based their opinion on a clause in the state constitution, which provided that "the credit of the state shall not be given in any manner for any purpose. To meet casual deficits in the revenue, the state may borrow not exceeding $250,000 at any one time, and the state may contract debt to repel invasion or suppress insurrection." The money-loaners outside of the state took the same view of the constitutional provision, and the bonds were not sold. In this emergency Governor Kirkwood appealed to the patriotic people of Iowa. The first regiments were clothed and equipped upon the personal security of Governor Kirkwood, Hiram B. Price, Samuel Merrill and Ezekiel Clark. Cloth for uniforms could not be obtained in Chicago, because the supply had been exhausted. Samuel Merrill ordered enough from Boston for 1,500 uniforms. When it arrived the loyal women of Iowa set to work to make it up into garments. Early and late toiled the wives, mothers and sweethearts of Iowa's soldier boys, to send them to the front properly equipped. Perhaps a tear from the eye of some fair seamstress now and then fell upon the cloth as she thought that the wearer might fill a nameless grave in the enemy's country.

Nor were the resolutions adopted by the "Mahoneyites," as they were called, the only expression of the "foes within." At Ossian a Confederate flag was raised amid the cheers of the assembled populace. In Marion county, on July 10, a meeting adopted resolutions to the effect that "Under the administration of President Lincoln we behold our beloved country distracted at home and disgraced abroad; commerce paralyzed; trade annihilated; coasts blockaded; rivers shut up; the constitution trampled under foot; citizens imprisoned; laws suspended; legislatures overawed by bayonets; debts repudiated, and states invaded and dismembered." Even in the capital of the state, the course of Governor Kirkwood and the administration of President Lincoln were condemned in public meetings.

Meantime the progress of secession was watched with much solicitude in Iowa, and upon the call of the president for a military force, the troops of the state were among the earliest in the field. The organization of the regiments went steadily forward. Soon after the ist had been mustered in, the 2nd was accepted by the governor. The 3d infantry and ist cavalry were also mustered into the service during the early summer. Cyrus Bussey of Bloomfield was colonel of the 3d cavalry, and when he began the organization he issued a call for each man to bring a good horse to sell to the government. He went to Chicago and personally contracted for all the necessary equipments. The result was that, within two weeks from the time the first man was enlisted, the regiment was complete and ready for service. (See Records of the Regiments.)

Notwithstanding the work of recruiting volunteer troops, a lively interest was taken in the political campaign of 1861. On July 31, the Republicans held a state convention at Des Moines, at which Governor Kirkwood was unanimously nominated for reelection. The platform adopted declared "unalterable devotion to the constitution and union of states;" condemned the doctrine of secession as an abomination and abhorrent to patriotism, and insisted that "government always means coercion when its lawful authority is resisted." The action of the general assembly in providing a war and defense fund was approved. The Democratic convention, which had been held at the capitol a week before, nominated William H. Merritt for governor. In the platform the condition of the country was regarded "as the legitimate result of the successful teaching of the doctrine and policy of the 'irrepressible conflict;' a doctrine and policy which arrayed northern sentiment in antagonism to the constitutional rights of the slave states, and which proclaimed an 'irrepressible' and unceasing hostility to the domestic institutions of our brethren of the South." The course of the Southern states "to obtain redress" was unequivocally condemned; the doctrine of secession was "heartily opposed;" the doctrine of state rights was proclaimed; all paper money was characterized as "system of legalized swindling;" and a tariff on imports for the purpose of protection was opposed. Governor Kirkwood was re-elected by a majority of 16,608, in a total vote of 103,098.

The legislature which met in January, 1862, passed acts exempting the property of soldiers from execution; authorizing the governor to employ army nurses and surgeons for sick and wounded Iowa soldiers, and providing transportation for sick and disabled soldiers discharged because of their disabilities or sent home on furlough. A second session was held in September, of the same year, at which provisions were made to offer inducements to volunteers to enlist; also a modification of the election laws, that volunteers might vote when absent; and increasing the resources of the executive department.

Early in the year 1862, the 15 th regiment of infantry was mustered into the Federal service at Keokuk. The 16th infantry was mustered in a few days before the 15th. At the time the 16th was mustered in, it was generally thought that it was the last Iowa would be called on to furnish. But the war was not over, and before the close of 1862 the Hawkeye state had forty regiments of infantry in the field, of cavalry four, and three batteries of artillery. In addition, there were soldiers from the state in the 1st Nebraska, 5th Kansas, 7th, 10th, 21st and 25th Missouri.

In August, 1862, occurred the Indian outbreak in western Minnesota, and the citizens in the northwestern part of Iowa became alarmed through fear that the war would be carried into this state. With that promptness for which he was distinguished, Governor Kirkwood sent S. R. Ingham to distribute arms and ammunition to the people of the northwestern counties. Ingham was authorized to draw on the state auditor for $1,000 to defray the expenses of organizing the citizens for their defense. He visited Dickinson, Emmett, Palo Alto, Kossuth, Humboldt and Webster counties. A company of 40 men was soon organized and placed under the command of Lieut. Sawyers, with instructions to increase the number to 80 if thought necessary. Arms and ammunition were distributed among the people of the border counties, but before the arrangements could be completed Little Crow and his band were fleeing toward the Missouri river and the scare was over.

While the fight for possession of Missouri was going on, the Iowa counties along the southern border were in a constant state of agitation, fearing an attack from the Confederate forces gathered at various points south of them. In August, 1861, a Confederate detachment under Colonel Mart. Green made an attempt to capture some government stores at Athens, a little town on the Missouri side of the Des Moines river, about 20 miles from Keokuk. Some of the shots fired from the Confederate cannon on that occasion flew wild and landed on the Iowa side of the river. Loyal citizens in these border counties appealed to Governor Kirkwood for arms, and for permission to organize companies for the defense of their homes. They did not appeal in vain. Under date of September 11, 1862, the governor wrote a letter to one man in each of the southern tier of counties authorizing him to organize a company of from 80 to 100 men. The men selected for this purpose were Charles W. Lowrie of Lee county; Joseph Dickey of Van Buren; Hosea B. Horn of Davis; H. Tannehill of Appanoose; W. W. Thomas of Wayne; James H. Summers of Decatur; Thomas Ayr of Ringgold; R. A. Moser of Taylor; John R. Morledge of Page; E. S. Hedges of Fremont, and D. W. Dixon of Wapello. In his letter of instructions the governor recommended that a few men of each company should be kept on duty as scouts, and that the remainder should stay at home, engaged in their usual avocations, but subject to call at any time. They were to be known as "minute men," because they were liable to be called into military service at a minute's warning. He also cautioned those commissioned to organize companies to "accept none whose devotion to the government is doubtful." The troops thus organized were afterward known as the "Southern Border Brigade."

 In the political campaign of 1862 the Democrats adopted a long platform. It was declared therein that the constitution, the Union and the laws must be preserved and maintained; that rebellion against them must be suppressed; that the war was only for the purpose of suppressing the rebellion and vindicating the constitution and the laws; that the doctrines of secession and abolition were alike false to the constitution and irreconcilable with the unity and peace of the country; that the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus was a menace to civil liberty; that this is a government of white men, established exclusively for them, and negroes ought not to be admitted to political or social equality, and that the tariff bill recently passed by Congress imposed unfair and unjust burdens upon those least able to bear them. The bravery of Iowa soldiers was extolled and sympathy extended to the families of those who had fallen in the struggle. The Republican platform set forth the principles that the constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land; that, for the maintenance of the government in its hour of peril, it was the duty of every citizen to devote time, property and life; that the party abhorred all sympathizers with secession; that the confidence in the president of the United States was undiminished; that the valor of the soldiers of Iowa had earned for them the everlasting gratitude of the people of the state, and that Iowa stood ready to furnish her quota of troops in any call that might be made. In the convention were a number of men who had formerly acted with the Democratic party. They were welcomed in a resolution which quoted the words of Stephen A. Douglas: "There are only two sides to this question: Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neutrality in this war—only patriots or traitors." The legislature of 1862 had made provisions by which soldiers in the field could vote. At home 116,823 votes were cast, and at the front 18,989 by Iowa soldiers. Of this combined vote the Republican ticket received a majority of 25,874, and all six of the representatives in Congress were Republicans.

While the Iowa regiments were winning victories at the front, the state was not without its troubles at home. On the south the roving bands of guerrillas were a constant menace to the border counties, and all over the state the "copperheads," as the Confederate sympathizers were called, grew more open in their denunciations of the war and of those who favored its prosecution. The hot bed of this sentiment was in Keokuk county. On Saturday, August 1, 1863, a meeting of these so-called "Copperheads" was held on English river near the town of South English. Among the speakers was a Baptist minister by the name of George C. Tally, who was particularly venomous in his arraignment of the national and state administrations. Fired by his incendiary utterances, the crowd started for South English with the avowed determination to "wipe it off the map." Such a demonstration was not unexpected, and the Union men of the town were ready to receive them. When they entered the town, wearing butternut colored clothing and decorated with butternut and copper pins, they were met with shouts of derision. The taunts were hurled back, and the oil and flame came together. In the melee which followed more than 100 shots were fired. Tally, who was the acknowledged leader of the "Copperheads," fell at the first fire with several bullets in his body, and several others were wounded. The invaders withdrew and went into camp in the western part of the county, where they began recruiting a force to avenge Tally's death. A committee of citizens, composed of Allen Hale, William Cochran and Thomas Moorman, asked the governor to send troops for the protection of the town, or at least a supply of arms to be distributed among the citizens in case of necessity. Governor Kirkwood sent 40 stands of arms to the committee in care of the sheriff of Washington county. At the same time he ordered James Adams, the sheriff of Keokuk county, to investigate and report, and to maintain the peace at all hazards. By this time fully 1,000 men had gathered at the "Copperhead" camp. To guard against any general insurrection, the governor ordered the Muscatine Rangers, the Washington Provost Guards, the Brighton Guards, the Richland, Abington and Sigourney Home Guards, the Fairfield Union, the Fairfield Prairie Guards, the Libertyville Guards, and the Mount Pleasant infantry and artillery, to march to South English, there "to remain until notified by the sheriff of Keokuk county that they will be no longer needed." The command of these eleven companies was given to Captain Satterlee of the Muscatine Rangers. After remaining at South English for about two weeks, matters quieted down and the troops were withdrawn.

Provost Marshal Van Eaton, of Fremont county, was killed by a band of guerrillas going toward Nebraska. Captain Hoyt with a body of mounted men pursued the murderers to the Missouri river, but they made their escape. About 9 o'clock in the evening on November 10. 1863, the court-house at Sidney, Fremont county, was wrecked by an explosion. It was not known whether it was the work of guerrillas bent on robbery, or was done by interested parties to destroy the records. A meeting in Davis county passed resolutions to resist the draft, to drive negroes out of the state, to expel the white men who brought them in, or to "welcome them with bloody hands to hospitable graves." These and similar ebullitions kept Iowa in a state of turmoil during the summer and fall of 1863.

At the beginning of the political campaign of 1863, the constitutionality of the law permitting soldiers in the field to vote for state officers was called into question. A case was brought before Judge Isbell, of the 8th judicial district, where it was held that the law conflicted with that provision of the constitution requiring 60 days residence in the county, and that all votes cast outside the counties where the voters claimed residence were illegal and must be rejected. An appeal was taken from this decision to the supreme court, and with two other cases came before that body. The court held that: "The constitution, as applied to the legislative department of the government, is a restriction, and not a grant of power, and it is competent for the legislature to prescribe the qualifications of electors, and the time, place, and manner of exercising the elective franchise, when not expressly prohibited from so doing, or when the prohibition in not implied from some express prohibition of the constitution.

"Sect. 1, Art. 2, of the constitution of 1857, defines only the qualifications of an elector, and does not prescribe the place of exercising the elective franchise, as a test of qualification. The power to fix the place and manner of its exercise is left with the legislature.

"The provisions of an act approved September 11, 1862, entitled 'An Act to amend Title 4, of the Revision of 1860, so as to enable the qualified Electors of the State in the Military Service to vote at certain Elections,' are not inconsistent with Section 1, Article 2, of the constitution of 1857, for the reason that they permit such electors to cast their votes at polls opened and conducted beyond the limits of the county and state of which they claim to be residents."

As soon as this decision was reached, and for the purpose of taking this vote, the governor appointed a number of commissioners to proceed to the different camps in other states and hold the election. This measure induced the opposition central committee to address letters to Generals Grant, Rosecrans, and Schofield, in command of the western armies, making the following inquiries:

"1st—Whether the Iowa officers and men of your command will be permitted to hold an untrammeled election under said law; and if so—

"2nd—Whether a member of this committee or any competent agent of their selection will be furnished by you with the same safe conduct and facilities which may be granted to the governor's commissioners, for the purposes of distributing ballots to the officers and men, and exercising the legal right of challenge, as to any vote offered at such elections, which may be supposed to be illegal, and of promoting by other lawful means the fair and impartial holding and return of said elections?"

Under date of August 4, General Grant replied from Vicksburg,. as follows:

"L. G. Byington:—Sir: Your letter of the 6th of July asking if citizens of the state of Iowa will be allowed to visit this army, and distribute tickets when the election is held for soldiers to vote, &c, is just received. In reply, I will state, that loyal citizens of Northern states will be allowed to visit the troops from their state, at any time. Electioneering, or any course calculated to arouse discordant feeling, will be prohibited. The volunteer soldiers of this army will be allowed to hold an election, if the law gives them the right to vote; and no power shall prevent them from voting the ticket of their choice.

"I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant

                                                          "U. S. Grant, Major-General."

This letter was not regarded as particularly encouraging to the committee and the Iowa soldiers were left to hold their elections in their own way.

On June 17 the Republicans held a convention at Des Moines and nominated William M. Stone for governor. Governor Kirkwood's administration, during his two terms, was endorsed; the soldiers of Iowa were lauded for their bravery, the act of the legislature giving soldiers the opportunity to vote was approved; and the national administration was commended, in the following resolution:

"That we fully and heartily endorse the policy of the administration, and we will to the utmost continue to sustain the government in suppressing the rebellion, and to effect that object we pledge our fortunes and our lives."

On July 8, the Democratic state convention met at the capital and nominated for governor Maturin L. Fisher. Shortly after the convention Fisher declined to make the race and the central committee substituted the name of General James M. Tuttle. In the platform it was declared that the will of the people is the foundation of all free government; that free speech and a free press are absolutely indispensable; that the people have the right to discuss all measures of government and to approve or disapprove as seems right; that these and all other rights guaranteed to the people by the constitution are of more value in time of war than in time of peace, and that these rights would not be calmly surrendered. War for the purpose of carrying out the emancipation proclamation was opposed, as was emancipation by compensating the slave-holders. The power of the president in suspending the writ of habeas corpus and declaring martial law in states where war did not actually exist, was declared unwarranted by the constitution. General Tuttle, in his letter accepting the nomination, said:

"For the present, let us all unite heartily in support of the government. If the administration adopts measures for the prosecution of the war that do not coincide with our peculiar views, let us make no factious opposition to them, but yield to the constituted authority. Mr. Lincoln is the legally elected executive of this government, and during his presidential term we can have no other. The fact that we did not vote for him renders us under no less obligation to support the government under his administration than if we had been his most ardent supporters."

The election resulted in the choice of Mr. Stone for governor. The vote of the soldiers was: Stone, 16,791; Tuttle, 2,904. Total, 19,695. The whole number of votes cast for governor, including the army vote, was 142,314, of which Stone received 86,107, Tuttle, 56,132, scattering, 75. The majority for Colonel Stone was 29,975. The Republicans elected 42 members of the state senate and 87 members of the house of representatives, while the Democrats elected but 2 senators and 5 representatives.

At the beginning of the legislative session in January, 1864, Governor Stone was inaugurated. At this session of the legislature a bill was passed requiring the several counties to levy a two-mill tax for the benefit of the families of persons in the military service. A general bill was also passed enabling the inhabitants of any county to change its name. The object of the bill was to give the people of Buchanan county an opportunity to change the name of their county. It was urged as an objection to the bill, that only one county in the state could take the name of "Lincoln," hence the danger that every county in the state would vote at the same time and all select the same name, and that "Lincoln."

The quota of the state under the two calls of the president for 700,000 men at the close of 1863 and beginning of 1864 was, 22,535 men. At the same time there was a credit due of 7,881 men. The balance was filled up by April 1 by new recruits and the reenlistment of veterans, and a surplus obtained. Among Governor Stone's noted services to the state and nation in the early part of 1864 was his earnestness in urging on the government the 100 days volunteers. With two or three other governors of northwestern states, he believed that in the great campaigns about to be inaugurated for that summer, the hands of our generals could be strengthened by the use of several thousand men enlisted for short terms. These men, he maintained, could garrison posts, hold interior lines, guard railroads, care for the thousands of prisoners in our hands, and so release for duty at the front a whole army of veteran soldiers. It was a splendid conception, but the plan was not so readily adopted as would have been expected. It met, indeed, with extreme opposition at its very inception. S. H. M. Byers, in his "Iowa in War Times," gives in substance the following account of the meeting at Washington when the matter was under consideration: Governor Stone was on intimate terms with President Lincoln, and at an interview between the president and the governors who wished to offer the troops, appealed to the president in deep earnestness for their acceptance. Mr. Lincoln's whole cabinet was present. So, too, was Major-General Halleck. "Let us have your opinion, General Halleck," said Mr. Lincoln. "No faith in it at all! Volunteers won't earn their clothes in a hundred days," answered the general, emphatically. "But look at Wilson's creek," interrupted Governor Stone; "Iowa's 100 days' men won that battle; look at Donelson, stormed by men who never fired a gun before." "You are right," cried the president, slapping his knee as he spoke. "Mr. Chase, can you raise the money, and how much will the venture cost?" turning to the finance secretary. "Yes," was the quick answer, "the money can be had. The proposition is excellent, and there are the figures." Sec. Stanton also favored the proposition, and before the meeting closed, the governors were authorized to raise the regiments.

Stone hurried home and in a stirring and patriotic appeal asked young Iowa again for men. His letter to the people was one of the best expositions of the critical situation of public affairs that had appeared anywhere. In language burning with eloquence and patriotism, he urged the immediate raising of the 100 days regiments. All the young men in the stores and shops were begged to enroll themselves and connect their names with those of the heroes at the front. The young women of the state were urged to do as their sisters in Mt. Pleasant and Burlington—volunteer to supply the places of young men enlisting to be soldiers. Rapidly the Regiments were filled up and in quick time Iowa had nearly 4,000 more men marching toward Dixie.

Just as Governor Stone was hurrying to organize his 100 days men, the draft was proceeding in other states, and the war department also ordered a draft in certain derelict districts of Iowa, unless the governor should object. And he did object, until all other states should do as Iowa had done—fill their quotas—and, in any event, until the state should have failed in raising the 100 days men. A few men in certain districts had been drafted in Iowa, but had the full number of volunteers been credited on the books of the war department, no draft at any time would have been necessary in the state. Indeed, so ready were the people to enter the army, that when the call for 300,000 men was made in December 1864, the governor found upon a settlement with the war department that all previous demands had not only been filled, but the state was placed beyond the liability of a draft under that last call. Probably Iowa is the only state that was always ready with her quota, and every one of her soldiers a volunteer. Some of the men enrolled from Poweshiek county failed to report for duty on October 1, and the provost marshal sent Captain John L. Bashore and J. M. Woodruff to arrest the deserters and bring them in. About 14 miles south of Grinnell the two officers were fired upon from ambush. Woodruff was instantly killed and Bashore mortally wounded, but he managed to wound one of the waylaying party, a man by the name of Gleason, who was left behind while the others fled. The provost marshal ordered out a company of militia at Grinnell. Bashore lived long enough to make a statement to the captain of this company as to what had taken place, and the man Gleason told who the parties were that had made the assault upon the officers. Some time before this incident occurred a company of militia had been organized in Poweshiek county. Most of the members of this company lived in Sugar Creek township, where the outrage occurred. The company was known as the "Democrat  Rangers," and Robert C. Carpenter was the captain. According to Gleason's story it was members of this pretended militia company that resisted the attempt to arrest the deserters and committed the assault on Bashore and Woodruff. Governor Stone on October 4, furnished a list of the "Rangers" to Captain W. R. Lewis and ordered him to take his company, arrest every man whose name appeared on the list, and to take up his arms and equipments. On the 6th the men were all under arrest at Grinnell. Governor Stone ordered the adjutant-general to go there and personally examine every man. All that he thought were guilty, and against whom there was evidence enough to secure conviction, were to be held for trial. The rest were to be discharged. Most of the men were liberated, several were held for trial and a few were convicted, but Captain Carpenter's company was completely broken up. On October 12a party of guerrillas wearing Federal uniforms and mounted on good horses crossed the southern border near the southeast corner of Davis county and began plundering the citizens. They first called upon Robert Gustin, from whom they took a good watch and $160 in money. From Thomas Miller they took $110; they broke William Downing's gun, and even robbed a small boy of his few pennies and a pocket knife. At Bloomfield the county fair was in progress. A messenger rode into the fair grounds with the news that the guerrillas were raiding the southern part of the county. Instantly people lost all interest in the fair. A company of men was quickly organized and, at the suggestion of one of the citizens, was placed under the command of J. B. Weaver, late colonel of the 2nd Iowa. With his command of raw recruits, well mounted but indifferently armed, Colonel Weaver started in pursuit of the raiders. Ten miles west of Bloomfield the guerrillas killed a man named Thomas Hardy, took his team and $300. Here Weaver and his company struck the trail. The next outrage committed was the capture of Captain Philip Bence of the 30th Iowa, who was at home on furlough, David Saunderson, Joseph and William Hill and Andrew Tannehill. They carried their prisoners a few miles, when they compelled Captain Bence to take off his uniform and give it to them, after which he was shot to death. The balance of the prisoners were released after losing all the money they possessed—about $500. At midnight Colonel Weaver came to the place where Bence had been killed and learning that he was 5 hours behind the gang, which was headed for Missouri, where they doubtless knew every bridle path, he gave up the chase.

On June 7, the Republican party held a state convention at Des Moines. The platform was brief, the principal features being the endorsement of the work of the national convention as to platform and candidates and commending the Iowa soldiers and the women of the state for their patriotic labors. On the 16th of the same month the Democrats met at the capital. No resolutions were adopted by the convention, but on August 24, a "Peace Convention" met at Iowa City and promulgated the following:

"Whereas, we believe that there is indisputable evidence existing that the Union may be restored on the basis of the Federal constitution; and,

"Whereas, We further believe that a vigorous prosecution of this abolition war means the speedy bringing about of a division of the republic; and being ourselves in favor of a restored Union and against the acknowledgment of a Southern confederacy therefore, be it "Resolved, That the war now being prosecuted by the Lincoln administration is unconstitutional and oppressive, and is the prolific source of a multitude of usurpations, tyrannies and corruptions, to which no people can long submit, without becoming permanently enslaved.

"Resolved. That we are opposed to the further prosecution of the war, believing that the Union can be preserved in its integrity by the president agreeing to an armistice, and by calling a national convention of the sovereign states, to consider the terms upon which all the people may again live together in peace and harmony.

"Resolved, That believing war to be disunion, and desiring to stop the further flow of precious blood for a purpose so wicked as disunion, we respectfully urge the president to postpone the draft for 500,000 men 'to be driven like bullocks to the slaughter' until the result of an armistice and national convention of states is known.

"Resolved, That in the coming election we will have a free ballot or a free fight.

"Resolved, That should Abraham Lincoln owe his reelection to the electoral votes of the seceded states under the application of the president's 'one-tenth' system and military dictation, and should he attempt to execute the duties of the president by virtue of such an election, it will become the solemn mission of the people to depose the usurper, or else be worthy of the slavish degradation, which submission under such circumstances would seem to be their just desert.

"Resolved, That if the nominee of the Chicago convention is fairly elected, he must be inaugurated, let it cost what it may.

"Resolved, That the African negro is not our equal in political or social sense; and that every usurping attempt, by Federal force, so to declare him, will meet with our determined resistance.

"Resolved, That the foregoing preamble and resolutions be submitted to our delegation to the Chicago convention, for their consideration."

At the election the combined citizen and soldier vote for president was 138,671. Lincoln received 89,075, and McClellan 49,596. All the Republican candidates for representatives in Congress were elected.

Altogether Iowa furnished 78,059 volunteers during the Civil war. That they were good soldiers may be seen from the list of casualties reported. The number reported killed in action was 2,127; wounded 7,741; died of disease 9,465; captured by the enemy, 4,573, and on that mysterious list, told in the one word "missing," 132. Thus it will be seen that more than one-fourth of Iowa's men suffered some of the contingencies of war.

At Fort Donelson the 2nd Iowa occupied the post of honor, and its gallant colonel, Samuel R. Curtis, was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general for bravery and the skillful handling of his forces. Ten Iowa regiments were in the thick of the fight at Shiloh, the 8th and 12th being captured after 10 hours of hard fighting at the "Hornet's Nest." After some eight months in Confederate prisons the men were exchanged or paroled and afterward became part of the "Union Brigade," made up of those who never surrendered. Not long after the battle of Shiloh the nth, 13th, 15th and 16th regiments were united in one brigade, and Marcellus M. Crocker, as ranking colonel, became the commander. On November 29, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general, and his brigade was soon known all through the army as "Crocker's Iowa Brigade."

When Sherman started upon his famous march to the sea, it was the 9th Iowa that cut the railroad connecting the army with the North and changed the "base of supplies" to the enemy's country. This regiment traveled more than 4,000 miles and was in every Confederate state except Florida and Texas. It was the 10th Iowa that turned the tide of battle at Champion's hill, winning words of commendation from the commanding general, though half the regiment was reported among the killed, wounded and missing after the engagement. While other regiments very properly had emblazoned upon their battle-flags the names of engagements in which they had participated, that of the 10th bore only the legend, "Tenth Iowa Veteran Volunteers;" but its deeds of valor are recorded in history and in the hearts of a grateful people.

At Columbia, S. C, in February, 1865, the flag of the 13th Iowa was the first to float from the old State-house, and at Savannah it was the 16th that struck the first blow at the enemy's works. Seventeen Iowa regiments marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea. They were all present at the fall of Savannah and afterward followed their victorious commander through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. More than half of Iowa's troops were at the fall of Vicksburg, and in one assault upon the Confederate works Sergt. Griffith and u men of the 22nd were the only ones to gain the parapet. Of these only the sergeant and one man returned.

Four colonels of Iowa regiments, Samuel R. Curtis of the 2nd; Frederick Steele of the 8th; Frank J. Herron of the 9th and Grenville M. Dodge of the 4th, rose to the rank of major-general. Eighteen others were commissioned to wear the stars of the brigadier. From Wilson's creek to Appomattox, scarcely a field can be mentioned where Iowa troops were not present to render a good account to themselves.

From what has been said in this sketch concerning the action of a few so-called Democrats in Iowa during the troublous days of the war, it must not be inferred that the Democrats of Iowa were, as a body, disloyal to their country. That party furnished its full share of the gallant men who sprang into line at their country's call. The supporters of Douglas were as patriotic as the supporters of Lincoln. Exceptions were rare. Democrats and Republicans alike shed their blood in defense of the Union, for freedom and the flag. It was the united effort of the supporters of Lincoln and Douglas that saved the government and reconsecrated it as the champion of good will among the nations of the earth.

Page 134


RECORD OF IOWA REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonel, John F. Bates; Lieut.-Colonel, William H. Merritt; Major, Ashbury B. Porter. This regiment was organized at Keokuk in April and May, 1861, as a three months regiment and was mustered in May 14. It left the state June 13, moving to Hannibal, Missouri, thence to Renick via Macon; from there to Boonville, joining Lyon's command June 19, just after the defeat of Governor Jackson's forces. On July 3 the command moved to Camp Sigel near Springfield, thence to Camp McClellan, 12 miles distant. Six companies formed part of a detachment which marched to Forsyth and dispersed a band of the enemy, capturing 50 prisoners. On August 1 the command moved and on the following day defeated the enemy at Dug spring, the 1st Iowa acting as skirmishers on the right wing. At Wilson's creek the regiment won the admiration of all by its splendid action in the face of overwhelming numbers, repeatedly repulsing the most determined attacks, performing feats of valor and materially contributing to the rout of the enemy at a vital moment. Though not a victory for the Union forces, it was not a signal defeat, the opposing army, five times as great being in no condition to pursue the retiring Union forces. "No troops, regular or volunteer, ever sustained their country's flag with more determined valor or fortitude," declared an officer who participated in that affair. The regiment lost 21 killed and mortally wounded. 132 wounded and 2 missing. The following morning it moved to Rolla, where it took the train for home, and was mustered out at St. Louis en route. It returned to the state with about 800 men, of whom fully 600 reenlisted in other regiments. Although but a three months organization, it had set the mark for future regiments and its members won their spurs on many a hard fought field in the years that followed. Captain C. L. Matthies afterwards became a brigadier-general, and Captain F. J. Herron a major-general.

Second Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel R. Curtis, James M. Tuttle, James Baker, Noah W. Mills, James B. Weaver, Noel B. Howard; Lieut.-Colonels, James M. Tuttle, Marcellus M. Crocker, James Baker, Noah W. Mills, Henry R. Cowles, Noel B. Howard; Majors, Marcellus M. Crocker, Norton P. Chipman, James B. Weaver, Noel B. Howard, Mathew H. Hamill. This regiment was organized at Keokuk in April and May, 1861, the first regiment of three-years men organized in the state and the first to take the field from Iowa. It was mustered in May 27-28 and left the state at daylight June 13 for St. Joseph, Missouri, where it remained on railroad guard duty and aided in maintaining order until the latter part of July. Moving to Bird's Point, it remained there until the latter part of October on similar service. The climate was such that on its removal to St. Louis the number of men fit for duty was only about 400. Colonel Curtis having been promoted to brigadier-general,, Lieut.-Colonel Tuttle was commissioned colonel, Major Crocker was made lieutenant-colonel, but soon afterward was commissioned colonel of the 13th regiment and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Baker, promoted from the captaincy of Co. G. The regiment remained in St. Louis during the winter, engaged in the duty of guarding prisoners and recuperating. An unfortunate incident here led to an unjust order, the regiment being marched in public disgrace from its quarters to the levee for embarkation to Fort Donelson without music and with its colors furled; the reason being that some one had crept into the "museum" of McDowell college, at that time used as a prison, and carried away some stuffed rabbits, etc. The culprit not being discovered the regiment was held to be guilty of the crime (?) under the peculiar canons then prevailing in military circles and suffered accordingly. At Fort Donelson it splendidly redeemed itself as a part of Lauman's brigade, which stormed the enemy's works on the left, the regiment leading the column, planting its flag within the outer works, pouring a murderous fire into the opposing lines, and compelling the enemy to seek his inner lines. Even Halleck, who had approved the unmerited disgrace, telegraphed commendations. After the surrender the 2nd was awarded the post of honor and was first to enter Fort Donelson. But it had paid dearly with 41 killed and 157 wounded out of 630 in action. It participated at the battle of Shiloh, its brigade repulsing several assaults and the regiment losing about 80 in killed and wounded. It took part in the siege of Corinth and in the pursuit of Beauregard's forces; later marched to Iuka, but did not take part in the battle. Colonel Tuttle was promoted brigadier-general, Lieut.-Colonel Baker was commissioned colonel and was succeeded by Captain N. W. Mills. James B. Weaver was appointed major. In the battle of Corinth in October it made a brave charge, Colonel Baker falling mortally wounded on the first day and Lieut.-Colonel Mills on the second day. The regiment's loss was 108 in killed, wounded and missing out of 346 engaged. The regiment moved to La Grange, Tennessee, and to Pulaski in October, going into winter quarters. On December 9 it marched to Tuscumbia, Alabama, in pursuit of raiders, but returned on the 23d after one of the hardest marches in its history. Major Weaver had been commissioned colonel upon the death of his superior officers at Corinth, Captain Henry R. Cowles succeeding as lieutenant-colonel, and Captain N. B. Howard was promoted to major. About the first of 1864 the regiment reenlisted as a veteran organization. Leaving Pulaski on April 29, 1864, it joined the army in the movement toward Atlanta, skirmished at Snake Creek gap, fought at Resaca, and other points, and took part in the siege and battle of Atlanta. At Jonesboro, with the 7th Iowa it cleared the way through a fortified position for the cavalry. The non-veterans having been mustered out on May 22 the regiment had but six companies during this campaign, Lieut.-Colonel Howard commanding. Its numbers were augmented at Atlanta by the addition of the three remaining companies of the 3d Iowa and Lieut.-Colonel Howard was promoted colonel. It moved with the army toward Savannah, was in a lively engagement at the Ogeechee river, in which the enemy were soon put to flight, and moved into Savannah two weeks later. In the march through the Carolinas it was engaged at Columbia and again at Lynch's creek, which closed its fighting history. After moving to Goldsboro, thence to Raleigh, Petersburg and Richmond, it proceeded to Washington City, where it took part in the grand review. It was mustered out at Louisville. The regiment's original strength was 998; gain by recruits 223; unassigned recruits 26; total 1,247.

Third Infantry.—Colonels, Nelson G. Williams, Aaron Brown; Lieut.-Colonels, John Scott, Matthew M. Trumbull, James Tullis, Jacob Abernethy; Majors, William M. Stone, Aaron Brown, G. W. Crosly. This regiment was organized at Keokuk in May and June, 1861, and was mustered in June 8 and 10. It left the state June 29, without its field officers, going to Hannibal, Missouri, thence west without knapsacks, haversacks, canteens, cartridge-boxes or ammunition, its only equipment being empty muskets. Two companies stopped at Chillicothe, one at Grand River bridge and the others at Utica, where Colonel Williams joined the regiment and the commissions arrived for the lieutenant-colonel and major. On July 8, three companies under Captain Herron formed a junction at Monroe with a detachment of Colonel Smith's command and were engaged at Hager's woods, retreating to find the train in flames, the track destroyed and themselves surrounded. Reinforcements from Palmyra rescued the little command and soon after the whole regiment arrived. Headquarters were established at Chillicothe, where seven companies were stationed, the others engaging in railroad guard duty near. On August 12 the regiment proceeded to Macon in command of Lieut.-Colonel Scott, and from there to Kirksville, where it was joined in a few days by General Hurlbut with the 16th Illinois. On the 30th the column moved to Shelbina in pursuit of Green, and there took the train for Brookfield, which was reached on September 3. In the meantime Colonel Williams received orders for a movement south of the road, and with the 50 well men of the 3d in camp, 60 who had been on duty at St. Joseph, and the convalescent invalids, he proceeded to Hannibal, secured the remnants of six companies of the 2nd Kansas (just returned from Wilson's creek) and a company of Missouri cavalry, the entire force numbering less than 700 men. Leaving the railroad at Shelbina, the command marched to Paris, from which Colonel Williams ordered a retreat after one day's stay. Attacked at Shelbina on September 4, he continued the retreat by rail. General Pope arrived at Brookfield at this time and took charge of affairs. General Hurlbut, whose campaign had consisted chiefly of proclamations, and Colonel Williams were ordered to St. Louis in arrest. The regiment was engaged at Blue Mills landing, where Lieut.-Colonel Scott's command, consisting of 500 of the 3d, about 70 home guards, and a squad of artillery with one 6-pounder gun, was ambushed, but retired in good order to Liberty at nightfall, with the gun which had been brought off by hand. It met at that point Colonel Smith's command, which had been expected earlier in the day. The little force of about 600 had repulsed 4,000 of the enemy, but had lost 118 in killed and wounded, of whom 94 were of the 3d Iowa Joining Sturgis' force at Wyandotte, it remained until October 18, when it moved up the river to Iatan, thence across the state to Quincy, Illinois, then to St. Louis, and remained there until after Christmas, when it was ordered out in detachments for railroad guard duty on the North Missouri railroad. Colonel Williams was released from arrest, and about the last of February resumed command. On March 3, 1862, the regiment was assigned to Brigadier-General Hurlbut's command, moved with it to Pittsburg landing and participated in the battle of Shiloh. It was under terrific fire and after the other troops were cut off, when the enemy turned the flanks of the Iowa brigade on the first day, it cut its way through the enemy's lines, Major Stone in command being captured. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth and after the evacuation went into camp, engaged in the repair of the railway and made a march to Holly Springs. It remained at Memphis from July to September 6, when it moved to Bolivar. It was engaged at the Hatchie river, carrying the bridge by a desperate charge at the crisis of the battle and losing nearly 60 out of 300 engaged. Returning to Bolivar, it joined the march south in November, but returned and went into camp at Moscow, where it remained from the middle of January, 1863, until in March when it moved to Memphis. Colonel Williams and Lieut.-Colonel Trumbull having resigned, Major Brown was commissioned colonel, Captain James Tullis became lieutenant-colonel, and Lieut. G. W. Crosly was appointed: major. While on the way to Vicksburg the boat was fired on near Greenville, Mississippi, but the regiment speedily dislodged the enemy. It took position in the trenches on May 25 and was actively engaged until the capitulation of Vicksburg. It took part in the assault at Jackson, where it behaved with great gallantry and sustained heavy loss. It went into camp near Natchez but returned to Vicksburg in December and went into winter quarters near the Big Black. Here over 200 reenlisted as veterans, were furloughed home after the Meridian expedition, and the non-veterans under command of Lieut.-Colonel Tullis, joined the Red River expedition. On their return they were ordered home for muster-out. The veterans returned to Cairo, Illinois, where they joined the 17th corps and moved with it to join Sherman's command for the Atlanta campaign. Soon after, the officers whose term of service had expired left for home, and the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of three companies, Lieut. Jacob Abernethy of Co. F being recommended as lieutenant-colonel. At the battle of Atlanta the battalion was destroyed, Abernethy was slain, Captain Griffith mortally wounded, and a large proportion of the command killed, wounded or captured, though the men fought with the desperation of despair for the colors, and when almost wiped out, the few remaining tore up the flag, divided the pieces and brought the shreds with them on their return. The survivors were assigned to the 2nd Iowa and served with it through the Carolina campaign.

Fourth Infantry.—Colonels, Grenville M. Dodge, James A. Williamson; Lieut.-Colonels, John Galligan, James A. Williamson, George Burton; Major, William R. English. This regiment was organized at Council Bluffs in the summer of 1861. Cos B and E were mustered in at Council Bluffs on August 8; A, C, D, F, G and H at Jefferson barracks, St. Louis, August 15, and I and K at St. Louis on the 31st. A threatened invasion across the border at the south led to the detaching of about 200 men from among the companies that had reached Council Bluffs and sending them to the scene of trouble. The determined appearance of this and similar bodies from other points drove the marauders from the state and the men returned to camp. The last week of August the regiment proceeded to St. Louis, thence to Rolla, where it remained until January, 1862, making an expedition to Licking, Texas county, where it dispersed a body of the enemy and captured a number of cattle, horses and mules. General Curtis arrived in December to take command, and while receiving him in military style Colonel Dodge's pistol was accidentally discharged, inflicting a painful wound in his thigh which incapacitated him for some time. On January 23, 1862, the regiment left Rolla for the purpose of giving battle to Price, then at Springfield. Colonel Dodge commanded the brigade to which the regiment was attached, and Lieut.-Colonel Galligan commanded the regiment. It was in a skirmish at Springfield on the evening of February 12, but the enemy left during the night without offering battle. At Pea ridge a short time later the regiment won high praise for its valor, and lost in killed, wounded and captured nearly half the number taking part. Colonel Dodge was promoted to brigadier-general and was succeeded by Adjt. James A. Williamson. Lieut.-Colonel Galligan having resigned Captain Burton of Co. D was appointed lieutenant-colonel. On April 5 the army marched to Batesville, thence toward Little Rock but was compelled to return on account of the shortage of supplies. In June it was at Jacksonport in a half starved condition, having lived on such scanty supplies as it could pick up in the country. A supply train reached there with only enough to give short rations for a week; and to escape actual starvation it marched 100 miles to Clarendon to find the troops and supplies gone compelling it to march to Helena, which place was reached on July 14. While at this point the regiment engaged in several minor expeditions and brought in quantities of cotton, horses and supplies. On December 20 the regiment proceeded to Vicksburg with Sherman's army to join Grant's advance on that place, and was in the disastrous attack on Chickasaw bluffs where it moved without support upon an open point, carried the first line of works and held them under a murderous fire while waiting for help that never came. It fell back in perfect order but with sadly depleted ranks, losing 112 in killed and wounded out of 480 engaged. General Grant afterward ordered that "First at Chickasaw Bayou" be placed on its colors, an honor accorded, it is said to but one other regiment—the 13th regulars—during the war. Colonel Williamson was wounded several times and Lieut.-Colonel Burton led the regiment in the campaign against Arkansas Post, where it took an active part in the front line. On January 23, 1863, it went into camp in the swamp below Vicksburg and spent two months there, then moved to Greenville, the enemy being met and driven several times, and large quantities of supplies picked up. It then returned to Milliken's bend; took part in the movement on Jackson; was one of the first regiments to enter that place; returned to Vicksburg and was engaged at Haynes' bluff on May 18. In the siege of Vicksburg it was almost constantly under fire and lost about 80 in killed and wounded. It took part in the siege of Jackson and accompanied the pursuit of Johnston as far as Brandon. It then went into camp near the Big Black river, where it remained until the middle of September when it embarked for Memphis, moved thence to Corinth and marched to Iuka, from which point it was ordered to Cherokee Station, Alabama, where it was in repeated engagements with the enemy, until October. It then joined Sherman's army at Eastport and proceeded to Chattanooga, where it arrived November 23 and took position with Hooker at Lookout mountain. On the morning of the 25th it moved to Rossville gap with two other regiments, turned the enemy's left and took a strategic position, from which it took part in the battle that followed. It was engaged at Ringgold where it held an important position against heavy odds and saved two railroad bridges. It then moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, and from there to Woodville, where it went into camp. The regiment reenlisted on January 1, 1864, and visited Iowa on a furlough in March. Rejoining the army on May 1, it joined in the Atlanta campaign, and was in nearly every battle and skirmish of that movement. At Atlanta July 22, its brigade made a gallant charge with other regiments, retaking De Gress' famous battery of 20-pounder Parrott guns, the skirmishers of the 4th being the first to reach it. The regiment having been reduced to less than 200 men it was put in the command of Major Nichols, who was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. It took part in the pursuit of Hood, and later in the march to the sea. From Savannah it marched through the Carolinas; was heavily engaged at Bentonville; moved to Raleigh, thence to Washington, where it took part in the grand review; was then ordered to Louisville, where it remained on provost duty until mustered out in July, 1865. A correspondent of the New York Tribune spoke of its brigade as "one of the bravest, truest, and most tenacious fighting brigades" in the service. The regiment's original strength was 940; gain by recruits, 244; total, 1,184.

Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, William H. Worthington, Charles L. Matthies; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles L. Matthies, Ezekiel S. Sampson; Majors, William S. Robertson, Jabez Banbury. This regiment was organized in April and May, 1861, but was not ordered into camp until July. It was mustered in July 15-17 and took steamer the last of the month for Fort Madison, thence to Keokuk. A detachment under Lieut.-Colonel Matthies made an expedition in pursuit of Martin Green, who was operating in northeastern Missouri, but returned after a fruitless chase. In August it was ordered to Lexington, Missouri, and embarked on the 14th, but met a regiment coming up stream whose members made such statements of the rashness of going there that a return was made to Jefferson City, where General Fremont was advised of the matter and the regiment was ordered to go into camp. On August 25 a detachment moved to Boonville, seized and confiscated the stock of a shot-tower, a tin-shop, a printing office, the specie of the Boonville bank, and took a number of the citizens prisoners. On September 1, the regiment proceeded to Rocheport, where five companies disembarked and marched for Columbia. The other companies landed 10 miles below and marched for the same point in hope of capturing a body of the enemy said to be at that place, but finding no one there it proceeded via Jefferson City to Boonville. From there it moved to Glasgow, assisted in preventing the passage of Price's force, and then returned to Boonville, from which place it moved with Fremont's command into southwestern Missouri. During the winter, Colonel Worthington, in command of the brigade, had his headquarters at Otterville; Lieut.-Colonel Matthies, with seven companies of the regiment, was at Boonville, the remaining companies were encamped at Syracuse engaged in railroad patrol duty until February 1, when they joined the regiment at Boonville. After moving to Franklin, St. Charles, St. Louis, Cairo and Commerce, the regiment joined the army of the Mississippi at Benton and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, General Schuyler Hamilton commanding. It took an active part in the operations against New Madrid and Island No. 10. It debarked at Hamburg landing and joined the advance on Corinth which place was occupied on May 30. Colonel Worthington was killed by a Union picket at Farmington, while visiting the grand guard of the division as general officer of the day. Lieut.-Colonel Matthies was promoted to the colonelcy, Captain Sampson to the lieutenant-colonelcy, and Captain Banbury was made major. The regiment remained in camp near Booneville, Mississippi, until June 11 and then moved to Corinth until August 5, with a few movements towards Ripley, Rienzi, and other points. It took part in the battle of Iuka where it won high honors by holding its ground against four times its numbers, making three charges with the bayonet, and driving back the enemy in disorder, until its ammunition was exhausted and it was compelled to fall back. Colonel Matthies was promoted to brigadier-general for his conduct and the regiment was accorded the highest praise. Out of 480 engaged the 5th lost 220 in killed and wounded. It remained at Jacinto until October 1, when it marched to Corinth, where it repulsed a charge upon the 11th Ohio battery and drove the enemy in great disorder. In the pursuit the regiment marched to the Hatchie river, but returned to Corinth and went into camp until November 2, when it marched to Grand Junction, Tennessee, from which place it moved southward with the Army of the Mississippi, but retraced its steps on receipt of the news of the surrender of Holly Springs and reached Memphis on the 29th. At this time it became a part of the 7th division, 17th army corps. General McPherson commanding. It remained in the vicinity of Memphis until March 2, then moved to Helena by steamer, took part in expeditions to Yazoo Pass, up the Coldwater and the Tallahatchie. From Milliken's bend it marched to Jackson and took part in the battle there. It was in the thick of the fight at Champion's hill, where it lost 10. killed and 75 wounded out of 350 in action, keeping the enemy back with bayonets after its ammunition was exhausted. At Vicksburg it took part in the siege until the surrender, and with its brigade kept off Johnston's forces at the Big Black river. Colonel Boomer was killed in the assault at Vicksburg May 22, and Major Banbury was promoted to colonel. The regiment joined the pursuit of Johnston's army, and then encamped at Vicksburg until September 12 when it moved to Helena, Arkansas, thence to Memphis and Corinth, and took part in the rebuilding of the railroad toward Iuka. At Missionary ridge it fought through the afternoon, being nearly overcome by an overwhelming force and many were captured. It moved via Bridgeport, Alabama, to Larkinsville, where it remained until January 7, 1864, and then moved to Huntsville for the balance of the winter. About 150 of the members reenlisted as veterans and were furloughed home in April. They rejoined the army at Decatur, Alabama, in May. The regiment was on railroad guard duty at Madison until the last of the month when it moved to Huntsville. thence to Stevenson and Kingston, Georgia, performing railroad guard duty until the last of July when the non-veterans were mustered out. The remainder of the regiment was transferred to the 5th Iowa cavalry. Its original strength was 918; gain by recruits 119; total 1,037.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, John A. McDowell, John M. Corse, Alexander J. Miller; Lieut.-Colonels, Markoe Cummins, John M. Corse, Alexander J. Miller, William H. Clune; Majors, John M. Corse, John Williams, Alexander J. Miller, Thomas J. Ennis, David J. McCoy. This regiment was organized at Burlington, and was mustered in July 15, 1861. It moved to Keokuk soon after and a detachment of the regiment was sent to the assistance of Colonel Moore at Athens, Missouri, but reached there too late to take part in the fight and returned to Keokuk. It then moved to Tipton, Missouri, joined Fremont's forces and marched to Springfield with the army late in October. It was placed on railroad guard duty at Lamine bridge, but later was ordered to Tipton, where six companies were placed on garrison duty, the others being sent to Syracuse for similar service. Colonel McDowell was in command of the brigade in the meantime, leaving Lieut.-Colonel Cummins in command of the regiment . It took part in the battle of Shiloh, where it held an advanced position with tenacity until all support had been driven back, and retired under a terrible fire. Lieut.-Colonel Cummins was retired from command during the battle and Captain John Williams led the regiment through the most desperate part of the fight until wounded, when Captain Walden took command. Out of 650 in action, 64 were killed, 100 wounded, and 47 missing, most of them captured. Major Corse was lieutenant-colonel and took command of the regiment, Captain John at the time on the staff of General Pope, but was soon afterward made Williams being promoted to major. It was in the siege of Corinth, was present at the evacuation of that place, accompanied a detachment of the army to the interior of Mississippi, marched from Holly Springs to Memphis, where it remained during the summer and most of the fall. It accompanied Grant's army in the campaign against Vicksburg but retraced its steps and went into winter camp at Grand Junction, Tennessee. Colonel McDowell resigned and Lieut.-Colonel Corse succeeded to the command, being succeeded by Major A. J. Miller, and the latter in turn by Adjt. Ennis. During the winter the regiment was mounted and made several raids into the enemy's territory. In the early summer it took part in the investment of Vicksburg, was in position at Haynes' bluff; was engaged in the siege of Jackson, where it made a gallant charge through the timber, across an open field, up a slope over the crest, driving the men from the guns of opposing field batteries and into two supporting regiments, but was compelled to lie down to escape the fearful fire, until retreat was ordered and it was made in an orderly manner. The entire move was made so bravely and with so much coolness, that the general commanding the division wrote Colonel Corse a congratulatory note in which he said, "I cannot too highly commend the gallantry you have displayed in two successful charges. The valor of your noble regiment has been conspicuous." The operations here resulted in the appointment of Colonel Corse to the position of brigadier-general of the 4th brigade, in which the regiment was then serving. This brigade was afterwards broken up, the 6th being assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, 15th corps. Major Miller and Adjt. Ennis were made lieutenant-colonel and major respectively. Going into camp near the Big Black river, it remained until the general movement toward Chattanooga. It participated in the battle of Missionary ridge, losing 69 in killed and wounded. It then joined the memorable move for Knoxville to relieve General Burnside, with two days' rations, without change of -clothing, and with but a coat or blanket each. On its return it went to Chattanooga and early in 1864 proceeded to Scottsboro, Alabama, where it went into camp. Most of the men reenlisted as veterans and passed the month of April at home on furlough. The regiment reached Chattanooga on May 5 and immediately joined Sherman's army in the Atlanta campaign. It was in action at Resaca, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kennesaw mountain, about Atlanta, at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. At Dallas, Colonel Miller was wounded. Major Ennis was mortally wounded at Atlanta, and Captain W. H. Clune took command. The regiment lost 159 in killed and wounded from Resaca to Lovejoy's Station, nearly one half of the command that left Chattanooga, and went into camp near Atlanta with but 120 fit for duty. It joined in the pursuit of Hood, but returned in time to take part in the march for Savannah, and was engaged at the battle of Griswoldville. At Savannah, Robert Barr, a member of the 6th on the skirmish line, was the first to discover the evacuation by the enemy and was the first man of the Union army to enter the city, going in alone early the following morning. In the march through the Carolinas. the regiment took part in the battles at Columbia and Bentonville, went into camp at Goldsboro but soon moved to Raleigh, proceeded then to Washington via Richmond and participated in the grand review. It was greeted with a shout as its handful of men swung into view, its colors torn into shreds, and the applause grew into deafening cheers as its remarkable history was whispered about. It was then ordered to Louisville, where it remained until the latter part of July, when it was ordered home. Its original strength was 883; gain by recruits, 130; total 1,013.

Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Jacob G. Lauman, Elliott W. Rice; Lieut.-Colonels, Augustus Wentz, James C. Parrott; Majors, Elliott W. Rice, James W. McMullin, Samuel Mahon. This regiment was organized in June and July, 1861. Most of the companies were mustered in July 23, the remainder on August 2. On August 6 the regiment moved to St. Louis and went into Jefferson barracks. Being armed in a few days it proceeded to Pilot Knob, thence to Ironton to take part in the movement against the forces in Missouri. From this point it moved via Jackson to Cape Girardeau, where it embarked for Cairo, Illinois. After remaining at Fort Holt a short time it moved to Mayfield creek, near Columbus, Kentucky, where it was joined by Lieut.-Colonel Wentz. It next proceeded to Fort Jefferson, near Norfolk, Missouri, thence to Bird's Point and to Norfolk. It accompanied the troops to Belmont, where it took part in an engagement with the enemy occupying that place, the conduct of the 7th being admirable and winning the praise of General Grant in the work of cutting a way through the enemy's lines after the command was shut off from the river, and losing in the affair 227 in killed, wounded and missing, Colonel Lauman being severely wounded, Lieut.-Colonel Wentz killed, and Major Rice receiving a bullet in the leg. The regiment passed two months at Benton barracks, Captain Parrott of Co. E being promoted to lieutenant-colonel. From St. Louis the regiment started for the south on January 13, 1862. Twenty miles down the steamer was frozen up in the middle of the river, and after waiting two days for ice to break the regiment went ashore and moved back to St. Louis. Moving by rail to Cairo, it proceeded to Smithland, Kentucky, thence to Fort Henry, joined the movement on Fort Donelson, took part in the siege and assault of that place and remained until March, when it proceeded to Pittsburg landing and was in the battle of Shiloh. It fought gallantly in the "Iowa Brigade" commanded by Colonel J. M. Tuttle, which repulsed four charges and held its position for 6 hours, but was compelled to fall back under a murderous fire. On the second day it charged and captured a battery. Colonel Lauman was promoted to the command of a brigade and Major Rice was made colonel, being succeeded by Captain James W. McMullin of Co. C as major. On April 27 the regiment joined in the movement on Corinth and on its evacuation took part in the pursuit as far as Booneville. It then went into camp at Corinth until the last of September, having been in reserve at the battle of Iuka. At Corinth it was actively engaged in October, losing nearly one third of its numbers engaged. After a short period at Rienzi and Kossuth, it went into camp at Bone Yard, where it remained for a month, when it returned to Corinth for the winter. The summer of 1863 was passed in the work of scouting, foraging and train guard service at Bethel, Tennessee, and Corinth, and most of the summer and fall at Moscow and Lagrange. The regiment went into winter quarters at Pulaski in November. Three-fourths of the men reenlisted in December and were given furlough on January 20, 1864. Leaving Keokuk on February 27, with 200 recruits, the regiment returned to Pulaski, but almost immediately moved to Prospect, Alabama, and joined the army in the Atlanta campaign April 27. It was heavily engaged at the Oostanaula river where it was sent forward with an Indiana regiment to discover the enemy's left flank. The two regiments found the enemy in position and charged his flank so fiercely that he was driven from the field in confusion, the 7th losing 7 killed and 50 wounded, while the enemy lost 36 killed and about 250 wounded. The 7th took part in nearly every engagement in the march upon Atlanta, after which it went into camp at Rome until the forward movement for Savannah was begun. From Savannah the regiment made the wearisome march through the Carolinas. reaching Goldsboro March 24, 1865. From Raleigh it marched thence to Richmond and Washington, participated in the grand review, then went to Louisville, where it was mustered out soon afterward. Its original strength was 902; gain by recruits, 236, total 1,138. Colonel Rice was made a brigadier-general, and James C. Parrott, who had been made lieutenant-colonel, commanded the regiment during the latter part of the war.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Frederick Steele, James L. Geddes; Lieut.-Colonels, James L. Geddes, John C. Ferguson; Majors, John C. Ferguson, Joseph Andrews. This regiment was organized in the latter part of the summer of 1861, and was mustered in September 5. Soon after its organization it went to St. Louis, from which place it moved to Syracuse, where it joined Fremont's army in pursuit of Price's forces and operated in southwestern Missouri, losing heavily through sickness. It returned to Sedalia in November and remained there until ordered to join Grant's forces in Tennessee the following spring. Colonel Steele was appointed brigadier-general and Lieut.-Colonel Geddes succeeded to the command, Major Ferguson being commissioned lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Joseph Andrews of Co. F was made major. The regiment participated in the battle of Shiloh, fighting 10 hours on the first day, repelling attack after attack, and, with the battery which it was supporting, inflicting terrible punishment upon the enemy. It was the last to leave the advanced line of the army, being surrounded as it attempted to withdraw and compelled to surrender. Out of 650 men engaged, it lost 64 killed, 100 wounded, and 47 missing. The 8th, 12th and 14th Iowa formed four-fifths of the little force that held back ten times its numbers at the close of the first day at Shiloh, giving Buell time to bring up his forces and snatch victory from defeat. Entirely cut off, they fought until they could fight no longer, and threw down their arms only to see many of their number shot down in cold blood after they had surrendered as prisoners of war. The officers above the rank of lieutenant were sent to Selma, thence to Talladega, returned to Selma soon afterward, three months later to Atlanta, thence to Madison until November 7, when they were sent to Libby prison, Richmond, and were paroled a week later at Aiken's landing. The lieutenants and enlisted men were sent to various prisons in Alabama and suffered the miseries and privations so common to southern prisons. A few of the 8th who escaped capture went into the "Union Brigade," a consolidated regiment rather than a brigade, and took part in the Tennessee and Mississippi campaigns, distinguishing itself at Corinth. The regiment was reorganized at St. Louis early in 1863 and made an expedition to Rolla, after which it joined Grant's movement upon Vicksburg. It took part in the battle of Jackson, participated in the assault at Vicksburg on May 22 and also in the siege. It accompanied the army to Jackson, and after the evacuation there engaged in the pursuit of the enemy. It then went into camp at Vicksburg where Lieut.-Colonel Ferguson died of disease. A short march to Brownsville was the only movement of interest until early in November, when the regiment moved to Memphis, thence to Lagrange and Pocahontas, where it remained until ordered to Vicksburg to take part in the Meridian raid. Soon after that event most of the command reenlisted and visited Iowa on veteran furlough. Returning to Memphis, it performed provost guard duty during 1864 and the early part of 1865, its most notable work being the repulse of Forrest, who made an attack on the city August 21, 1864, the regiment being assisted by the "Gray-beard" regiment from Iowa. Early in March, 1865, the regiment moved to New Orleans and proceeded to Mobile bay, where it took part in the assault upon Spanish Fort and captured several hundred prisoners. This assault was made by a brigade commanded by Colonel Geddes. Major-General Steele, the former colonel of the 8th, won high praise for the manner in which he conducted his part of the siege of Mobile, and Geddes' assault on Spanish Fort was conceded to be the most brilliant performance of that campaign. The regiment moved to Montgomery shortly after and served until mustered out. The original strength of the regiment was 921; gain by recruits 106; total 1,027.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonels, William Vandever, David Carskaddon; Lieut.-Colonels, Frank G. Herron, William H. Coyle, Alonzo Abernethy; Majors, William H. Coyle, Don A. Carpenter, George Granger, Alonzo Abernethy, Joseph G. Inman. This regiment was organized in July and August, 1861, and was mustered in at Dubuque September 24. A few days later the regiment proceeded to Benton barracks, St. Louis, and remained until the middle of October, when it was assigned to railroad guard duty from Franklin to Rolla, in which it remained until January 22, 1862. It then joined the Army of the Southwest, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, Colonel E. A. Carr commanding. The regiment was engaged at Sugar .creek where its division drove before it a force three times as strong in numbers as its own. On March 4 Colonel Vandever was sent to Huntsville with a detachment, consisting of a picked portion of the 2nd brigade, of which he was then in command, including part of his regiment, and on his arrival was informed that the enemy, under Price and McCulloch, was approaching in great force. A courier arrived during the night, confirming the report and ordering him to join the command at Pea ridge, whither the army was hastening. A determined march of 14 hours, through snow, over streams and in mud brought the little command to Pea ridge—41 miles of as fine a movement as history records—and it took part in a pitched battle of two days without opportunity to recuperate. Lieut.-Colonel Herron was captured, the major and adjutant were disabled, and its colonel was commanding a brigade. It lost nearly 200 in killed and wounded. On the following day, despite its lack of officers, it maintained its record and received the greatest praise. It moved with the army through part of Missouri and Arkansas, went into camp at Helena, where it remained for five months, and as a part of Thayer's brigade, Steele's division, was under fire at Chickasaw bayou but not actively engaged. It began the new year by taking part in the campaign against Arkansas Post and moved from there to Young's point near Vicksburg. Colonel Vandever was appointed brigadier-general and Captain Carskaddon was commissioned colonel. On May 2 the regiment started for Grand Gulf. It took part in the battle of Jackson and on the 18th reached Vicksburg. The next day it lost a number of men in an assault on the enemy's works and on the 22nd lost nearly 100 in killed and wounded in a second assault. Immediately after the capitulation of the city the regiment moved on Jackson, and after the evacuation of that city went into camp near the Big Black river. On September 22 it proceeded to Vicksburg, took a steamer to Memphis and moved from there to Corinth by rail. After repairing the railroad at that place and having a skirmish with Forrest's forces, it moved to Chattanooga, reached the base of Lookout mountain on the morning of November 23, and took part in the "battle above the clouds" the following day. It joined in the pursuit following the battle of Missionary ridge as far as Ringgold and went into winter quarters at Woodville, Alabama. Enough men reenlisted to constitute a veteran regiment and they were given a furlough home in February, 1864, but returned to Woodville in March with many recruits. The regiment moved to Chattanooga and joined Sherman's army for the Atlanta movement. It was engaged at Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kennesaw mountain, the Chattahoochee river, Decatur, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. After the evacuation of Atlanta it went into camp, but was sent in pursuit of Hood in October. Soon after this the non-veterans were mustered out and the regiment took up the march for Savannah. From there it moved by steamer to Beaufort, S. C, at which point Colonel Carskaddon was mustered out, his term of service having expired. Major Alonzo Abernethy, who had been promoted from a captaincy on the death of Major Granger, took command. It participated in the capture of Columbia and in various minor affairs, was in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out at Louisville July 18, 1865.

Tenth Infantry.—Colonels, Nicholas Perczel, Paris P. Henderson; Lieut.-Colonels, William E. Small, Nathaniel McCalla, William H. Silsby; Majors, John C. Bennett, Nathaniel McCalla, Robert Lusby. This regiment was organized at Camp Fremont^ near Iowa City, in the summer and fall of 1861. Eight companies were mustered in on September 6 and 7, one was mustered in on the 28th, and one on October 13. The regiment received its equipment at St. Louis and moved to Cape Girardeau, where it went into camp. In the early part of November it was ordered to Bloomfield to drive out Jeff Thompson's force, but found it gone on its arrival. Taking possession of a large amount of property left by Thompson, it returned to Cape Girardeau, and in December went into winter quarters at Bird's Point. On January 8, 1862, it marched by night toward Charleston for the purpose of capturing a body of the enemy said to be there. While passing through a dense forest it was surprised by an attack from ambush, but recovered from its confusion and dispersed the enemy. It took part in the siege of New Madrid, then engaged in the operations about Island No. 10, accompanied the command to Corinth and took an important part in the engagements about that place. It was engaged at the battle of Iuka, and in the battle of Corinth in October it fought with Sullivan's brigade, winning golden opinions for its telling work. It moved to Oxford in November, intending to take part in the movement upon Vicksburg, but the surrender of Holly Springs with its stores compelled a change of plans, and it marched to Memphis where it spent the winter. A number of changes were made during the time between its service in Missouri and its arrival in Memphis; Major Bennett resigned near the close of 1861 and was succeeded by Captain McCalla; Colonel Perczel resigned in November, 1862, and Captain Henderson was commissioned to succeed him; in 1863 Major McCalla succeeded Lieut.-Colonel Small, resigned, and Captain Robert Lusby was made major. The regiment accompanied the Yazoo Pass expedition in the spring of 1863 and after that moved to Milliken's bend. It was in the battle of Raymond and at Jackson its division bore the brunt of the fight. It was in Colonel Boomer's brigade, which pushed in at a critical moment when Hovey's division was falling back, and by desperate fighting saved him from rout, thus gaining time for Crocker to advance other troops, turn the tide and save the day. The loss was terrible, the 10th leaving its dead in profusion and the brigade being cut to pieces. It took part in the assault on Vicksburg May 22, making two charges and losing heavily. Colonel Boomer, commanding the brigade, was killed and Colonel Matthies succeeded him. After the fall of Vicksburg the regiment took part in the siege of Jackson and then went into camp. 'It was ordered to Chattanooga in the latter part of September, was engaged at Missionary ridge with its brigade, being in some of the fiercest fighting in that battle and losing heavily. It went into winter quarters at Huntsville, Alabama, and in February, 1864, reenlisted as a veteran organization. In the latter part of April the regiment relieved Dodge's division at Decatur, and in June it visited Iowa on veteran furlough. Upon its return in July it was stationed near Kingston, Georgia, on railroad guard duty. It took part in two expeditions against Wheeler, the second through Tennessee and northern Alabama, the entire movement taking the command on a march of nearly 1,000 miles. In October it aided in holding Resaca against Hood's forces until Sherman's pursuing column came up. It joined the march to Savannah and took part in the campaign of the Carolinas. It crossed the Salkehatchie river in company with the 56th Illinois, wading waist deep in the face of a body of the enemy posted behind earthworks, and drove them from their position. It was engaged at Columbia and again at Cox's bridge near Bentonville. It participated in the grand review at Washington, thence to Louisville and to Little Rock, Arkansas, where it was mustered out August 15, 1865. Its original strength was 913; gain by recruits, 114; total 1,027.

Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, Abraham M. Hare, William Hall; Lieut.-Colonels, William Hall, John C. Abercrombie, Charles Foster, Benjamin Beach; Majors, John C. Abercrombie, Charles Foster John C. Marven. This regiment was organized at Camp McClellan, near Davenport, and was mustered in at different dates from September 28 to October 18, 1861. It left the state on November 16 for St. Louis and was the first regiment to leave Iowa fully uniformed. It accompanied an expedition to Boonville in December and captured a large amount of gunpowder. Two similar movements closed the season's work for the regiment. Five companies moved to the town of California, the others to Fulton and passed the winter at these places. On March 10, 1862, the regiment moved to Pittsburg landing where it was brigaded with Colonel Richard Oglesby's command. It took part at Shiloh and lost over 200 in killed and wounded, more than 30 being killed outright, and Major Abercrombie was severely wounded. Its brigade at that battle was commanded by Colonel Hare. It took part in the movement upon Corinth and formed part of the garrison there after its evacuation until ordered to Bolivar, Tennessee, with its brigade some three months later, from which place it made several expeditions and participated in a battle near there. Returning to Corinth it participated in the battle in October; afterward moved into central Mississippi with Grant; returned to Holly Springs; proceeded thence to Lafayette, Memphis and Young's point; and in February to Lake Providence where it assisted in digging the canal between that point and the river. Colonel Hall, who had succeeded Colonel Hare on the latter's resignation, was placed in command of the brigade, and Lieut.-Colonel Abercrombie took command of the regiment. After Vicksburg's surrender it went into camp. It accompanied the expedition to Monroe, from the effects of which half the command were worn out, with little return for the hardships sustained. In February, 1864, the regiment joined in the Meridian raid. Nearly all of the men having reenlisted as veterans, they were given furlough home in the early spring. On the return the regiment joined Sherman's army at Acworth, Georgia. It fought at Kennesaw mountain, took part in the operations at Nickajack creek, and from there to Atlanta was constantly engaged in skirmishing. At Atlanta it was heavily engaged in July and it fought at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station, losing during the campaign 218 in killed and wounded—one half of its available strength. Major Foster died from the effects of wounds received at Atlanta. It proceeded to Savannah with the army; sailed from there to Beaufort, S. C, in January, 1865; took part in the march through the Carolinas; was engaged in several minor affairs and at the battle of Bentonville; moved to Goldsboro and Raleigh; took part in the grand review at Washington, and was mustered out at Louisville in July, 1865. Its original strength was 931; gain by recruits, 91; total, 1,022.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, Jackson J. Wood, John H. Stibbs; Lieut.-Colonels, John P. Coulter, Samuel R. Edgington, John H. Stibbs; Majors, Samuel D. Brodtbeck, Samuel R. Edgington, John H. Stibbs, Edward M. Van Duzee, Samuel G. Knee. This regiment was organized at Dubuque in October and November, 1861, and was mustered in at intervals during those two months. It left the state late in November, went into quarters at Benton barracks, St. Louis, for two months, and like its predecessors, suffered greatly from diseases that seemed to be a part of the experience necessary to prepare them for the field work. Some 75 died of measles, pneumonia and typhoid. At Smithland, Kentucky, it joined Grant for the movement upon Fort Henry, was present at the capture of that place, then moved to Fort Donelson, where it took part in the fight and assault which resulted in victory. It won immortal glory for itself at Shiloh by fighting in the advance until sundown and holding back the enemy while the demoralized army withdrew to a new point and waited the arrival of Buell. The 8th, 12th and 14th Iowa comprised four-fifths of that advance line and surrendered only when surrounded by ten times their numbers. (In the history of the 8th will be found an account of the disposition of the prisoners until their parole and exchange.) Those who escaped capture were assigned to the "Union Brigade" and served with it until disbanded, being sent to Davenport, Iowa, and remaining there during the winter. The paroled men were declared exchanged January 1, 1863, and soon after went to Rolla, which was threatened by Marmaduke, but returned on the 15th to St. Louis, where they were stationed. Lieut.-Colonel Coulter resigned and was succeeded by Major Edgington, and the latter as major by Captain John H. Stibbs of Co. D. The regiment was reorganized about April 1 and became a part of Sherman's command, participating in the movements of that division during the Vicksburg campaign, though it was in reserve at the assault of May 22. After the surrender it was engaged at Jackson and was in the skirmish at and capture of Brandon. It went into camp near Bear creek on July 23 and remained there until October 10. Lieut.-Colonel Edgington resigned, Major Stibbs became lieutenant-colonel, and was succeeded as major by Captain Van Duzee. In October the regiment was in a skirmish at Brownsville; proceeded thence to Vicksburg, Memphis, Lagrange and Chewalla, where it remained on railroad guard duty until near the close of January, 1864. While here it broke up the guerrilla bands that were pillaging the country, and built a strong fort. It was ordered to join the forces for the Meridian raid, but reached Vicksburg too late to take part and went into camp. Having been mustered in as a veteran organization, the reenlisted men were sent home on a furlough in March. In their absence, the non-veterans, numbering about 70, accompanied the 35th Iowa on the Red River campaign and was in battle at Lake Chicot. On their return from home the men reached Memphis on May 2 and were joined by the detachment about the middle of June. In May six companies under Lieut.-Colonel Stibbs, went to the mouth of the White river, established a military post and left Cos. A and F under Captain Hunter. The command proceeded to Tupelo, where it was engaged in July. The regiment while acting as a train guard, was attacked by a brigade, but repelled it in a handsome manner, and in the subsequent fighting it occupied the most dangerous post and received special commendations of the general commanding. Returning to Memphis, the regiment moved to Lagrange, thence to Holly Springs, via Lumpkin's mills, remaining on duty there for some time. The detachment at White river in the meantime had been busy, protecting the loyal people of that section and building a stockade. The little force of but 47 was attacked before daybreak on the morning of June 5 by a force of 400, the men being compelled to fight in their shirts only, so sudden was the attack. A number of the enemy gained the stockade at one side, but Sergt. Isaac Cottle and Corp. George Hunter, armed with revolvers, boldly attacked them 1 and drove them out in confusion. Hunter was shot dead and Cottle was so severely wounded that he died soon after, but the entire besieging force was finally driven off with a loss of over 50 in killed, wounded and prisoners, their commanding officer being among the slain. Joining the regiment at Holly Springs, this detachment accompanied it to Oxford, then to Memphis, whence it proceeded to Devall's Bluff and Brownsville in search of Price. With 10 days' rations it made the 350 miles march to Cape Girardeau via Jacksonport, Arkansas, and Jackson, Missouri, in 19 days. From St. Louis it proceeded to Jefferson City, Smithton, Sedalia, Lexington and Independence, into Kansas, and to Harrisonville, Missouri, after Price but was unable to catch him and returned to St. Louis. The non-veterans and some of the officers were mustered out, Lieut.-Colonel Stibbs remaining as commanding officer. Moving to Nashville the regiment aided in the defense of that city and in the battle in December captured 2 flags. It joined in the pursuit as far as Clinton, then proceeded to Eastport, Mississippi, where it assisted in building quarters and fortifications. Lieut.-Colonel Stibbs was called to Washington in January 1865, to become a member of the military tribunal, the same, which later, tried the notorious Captain Wirz, who was held responsible for the infamies of Andersonville prison, and Major Knee took command. The regiment was ordered to Mobile in February, was engaged at Spanish Fort in the front line and occupied an exposed position for 13 days and nights. At the conclusion of the siege of Mobile it moved to Montgomery, thence to Selma and remained in guard and garrison duty until the early part of 1866 when it was mustered out. Lieut.-Colonel Stibbs received a merited promotion to a colonelcy. The original strength of the regiment was 926; gain by recruits, 55, total, 981.

Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Marcellus M. Crocker, John Shane, James C. Wilson; Lieut.-Colonels, Milton M. Price, John Shane, James C. Wilson, Justin C. Kennedy; Majors, John Shane, George M. Van Hosen, James C. Wilson, William A. Walker, Thomas P. Marshall, A. J. Pope. This regiment was organized in the summer and fall of 1861 and was mustered in between October 18 and November 2, by companies. About November 17 the regiment -left for Benton barracks, where it remained until December 20, then went to Jefferson City, Missouri, where it spent the winter. On March 8 it left for Pittsburg landing, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, General McClernand commanding. At the battle of Shiloh it was under fire for 10 hours the first day, losing 24 killed, 139 wounded and 9 missing. After the battle it was placed in the 1st ("Iowa") brigade, Colonel Crocker commanding, of the 6th division. Lieut.-Colonel Price resigning Major Shane was promoted to that position, Captain Van Hosen succeeding as major. It was in the siege of Corinth and became part of the garrison when the place was evacuated. At the end of July it marched to Bolivar in search of the enemy, but failed to come up with him and returned to Corinth, where it took part in the battle in October. The principal losses there were sustained by Cos. A and G, which were deployed as skirmishers in the first day's engagement. It returned to Memphis, Tennessee, on the surrender of Holly Springs, the base of supplies for the contemplated move on Vicksburg. About this time Major Van Hosen resigned and was succeeded by Adjt. Wilson. The regiment assisted in digging Lake Providence canal. On the reorganization of the army Colonel Crocker was made brigadier-general, being succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Shane as colonel, Major Wilson was promoted to the latter position and Captain Walker was appointed major. The regiment repaired the roads for the use of the army about Vicksburg, proceeded to Grand Gulf, thence to Haynes' bluff, but soon returned and took place on the left of the line of investment. In the latter part of May it was part of a force to make a reconnoissance toward Mechanicsburg, its brigade earning the sobriquet of "Crocker's Greyhounds." On June 24 it moved out to take part in the work of holding Johnston's forces from attacking the army's rear, and was engaged in a skirmish on the day of the surrender of Vicksburg. It escorted a supply train to Clinton, but returned on July 28 and assisted in clearing Yazoo river of the torpedoes and wrecked gun-boats. It participated in the expedition to Monroe, Louisiana, after which it went into quarters at Vicksburg until February 4, 1864, when it joined the movement towards Meridian. The veterans were given a furlough in March and reached' Cairo on April 16, with many recruits. It proceeded via Clifton and Pulaski, Tennessee, to Huntsville, Alabama, and on May 20, joined Sherman's army at Acworth, Georgia. It was engaged at Kennesaw mountain, was in a skirmish at Nickajack creek, and at Atlanta its brigade made a charge to within 50 paces of the fort, being compelled to lie down and fire. It retired in good order having lost 113 in killed and wounded in less than 30 minutes. On July 22 most of Co. A, part of G, and all of D and K, were captured while reinforcing the 11th and 16th Iowa The regiment's loss in this battle was 149, Major Walker commanding, being killed. In the battle of the 28th the regiment fought with great bravery and joined with the remnant of the 3d Iowa, in reinforcing a part of the line which was being hard pressed. The 13th was engaged at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station and joined in the pursuit of Hood in October, going as far as Gaylesville, Alabama. Its losses from the first day at Kennesaw until the close of the Atlanta campaign were 331 in killed, wounded and captured. At Marietta, on the return to Atlanta, Colonel Shane and several line officers were mustered out, their time expiring. It was in the march to and siege of .Savannah; took up the line of march through the Carolinas; was engaged at Pocotaligo; at Columbia a portion of the regiment crossed the river opposite the city ahead of the army, and without orders hoisted the stars and stripes on the capitol while the remainder of the command engaged in laying pontoon bridges some 3 miles below the town. Previous to this the regiment on the skirmish line had crossed a .burning bridge at the North Edisto river and driven the enemy out of Orangeburg. The regiment closed its fighting career at Bentonville. At Goldsboro it was joined by a large number of recruits and here Captain Pope was made major in place of Major Marshall resigned. The regiment proceeded to Washington after Johnston's surrender, took part in the grand review, went into camp at Rock creek and later moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out in July, 1865.

Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, William T. Shaw; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward W. Lucas, Joseph H. Newbold; Majors, Hiram Leonard, William H. Kirkwood, Edgar A. Warner. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1861, at Camp McClellan, near Davenport. The circumstances surrounding the regiment's organization and history were somewhat peculiar. Three companies, A, B, and C, were sent to the western frontier on special service and were not identified with the regiment at any time, except technically, never being under command of an officer of the regiment. They were located at Fort Randall, Dakota, and were afterwards ordered detached from the regiment. They constituted the 1st battalion of the 41st regiment for a time, but the formation of that regiment was not completed and they were finally made part of a cavalry regiment. The 14th thus went into service with but seven companies and remained at that strength for the first year, the number aggregating something over 600 when it left for St. Louis on November 28. It remained at Benton barracks until February 5, 1862, when it moved to Fort Henry, thence to Fort Donelson and was a part of the brigade under General Lauman. Three weeks later it proceeded to Pittsburg landing and in the battle of Shiloh formed a part of that famous brigade, composed of the 2nd, 7th, 12th and 14th Iowa,  which fought from morning until dark of the first day against ten times its numbers, allowing the army to retire and take up new position, and at last, cut off and surrounded, gave up the unequal contest and surrendered to the enemy, many of them to be shot down without mercy after they had given themselves up as prisoners of war. The account of their imprisonment and eventual parole and exchange is given in the history of the 8th Iowa. The few who escaped capture became a part of the "Union Brigade" and joined their comrades at Benton barracks, where the regiment spent the winter. It was also joined by Cos. A and B, two new companies raised to take the place of those sent west, and many recruits. Captain Joseph Newbold was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and Captain Edgar Warner was made major. On April 10, 1863, it moved to Cairo, where it was joined by a newly organized Co. C, completing its numbers. While at Cairo, part of the regiment was sent into the interior of Illinois to quell some political disturbances and arrest the ringleaders who were inciting treason. Moving to Columbus, Kentucky, the latter part of June, it remained on garrison duty for seven months. It embarked for Vicksburg on January 14, 1864, and was there assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 16th army corps, Colonel Shaw commanding the brigade, and Lieut.-Colonel Newbold, the regiment. After the Meridian raid it accompanied the Red River expedition with General A. J. Smith's command; was engaged at Fort DeRussy, which was taken by storm in less than 30 minutes; and then joined Banks just in time to save his army, by its determined fighting at Pleasant, Illinois. The regiment was engaged at Cloutierville, Moore's plantation, Marksville and Yellow bayou, crossed the river to Morganza and returned to Vicksburg. It was in the affair at Lake Chicot; then moved to Memphis; took part in the battle of Tupelo; fought at Old Town creek soon after; went to camp at Memphis and enjoyed a brief rest, broken by a trip to Oxford, in which several skirmishes occurred. It was then ordered to Cairo, thence to Jefferson barracks, where four companies were detached and sent to reinforce General Ewing at Pilot Knob. The day after their arrival Ewing was attacked by a largely superior force, but the enemy was repelled several times with heavy loss. On the following day a direct assault was repulsed, but guns planted on a hill near by compelled the Union forces to evacuate the place, after blowing up the fort. The little command retreated to Rolla after cutting its way through the enemy's lines and fought every foot of the way for four days with scarcely an hour's rest. The remainder of the regiment marched across Missouri in pursuit of Price. It was reunited at St. Louis in November, and proceeded to Davenport where it was mustered out November 16, 1864. The recruits and reenlisted men were formed into a battalion of two companies, of which Captain Hugo Hoffbauer had command. It remained on provost guard duty until the summer of 1865, detachments being used for escort and prisoners' guards at various times, and was mustered out in August, 1865. One thing which contributed to the feeling of dissatisfaction with many was the dismissal of Colonel Shaw on the charge of violating regulations in regard to a publication over his own signature of things relating to the operation of the armies. His offense consisted of having written a private letter, which got into print through the indiscretion of a friend, in which Shaw told the facts with regard to the fight at Pleasant Hill, during the disastrous Red River expedition. His force of less than one-tenth of those present suffered one-half of the loss sustained by the entire force, having been engaged over 7 hours, or fully four times as long as any other on the field, repulsing a cavalry attack and a succeeding infantry attack before a gun -was fired by any other troops. He named several officers as having been intoxicated and cowardly in that affair. When the order for dismissal came to General A. J. Smith, commanding the corps, he refused to have it promulgated, but relieved Colonel Shaw from the command of the division, and allowed him to proceed to Davenport and be honorably mustered out with the regiment of which he was still colonel, commending him in the highest terms in orders. The officers of the division presented him with a handsome sword and parted from him with regret as he had proved himself one of the best officers that the west had produced.

Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels. Hugh F. Reid, William W. Belknap; Lieut.-Colonels, William Dewey, William W. Belknap, John M. Hendrick, George Pomutz; Majors, William W. Belknap, William Cunningham, John M. Hendrick, George Pomutz, James S. Porter. This regiment was organized at Keokuk and was mustered in by companies at different dates between November, 1861, and the last of the following February. On March 19, 1862, it proceeded to Benton barracks, St. Louis, and reached Pittsburg landing shortly after the battle of Shiloh had commenced. It moved quickly to the front and took part in the fight; but having been assigned to a poor position it was ordered to fall back, which it did in some confusion. It did not fight as an organization again that day, though portions of it were rallied and took part in the battle. The men fought bravely and well, losing 188 in killed, wounded and missing, Colonel Reid being severely wounded. It became a part of the "Iowa" brigade upon the reorganization of the army and took part in the movement upon Corinth. At the close of that campaign it engaged in the performance of picket and guard duties along the railways west of Corinth and as provost guard during the month of July. About the first of August it moved to Bolivar and remained there until the middle of September. While at Bolivar Colonel Reid was placed in command of the brigade and Lieut.-Colonel Belknap assumed command of the regiment. It was in the battle of Chewalla, joined in the pursuit of the enemy at the close of the engagement, and returned to Corinth on October 13. After taking part in various operations in Mississippi and Tennessee during the winter it joined the army for the Vicksburg campaign; was engaged in sharp skirmishes at Mechanicsburg and Messenger's ferry, and identified with all the movements of its brigade; remained in camp near the city after the surrender until August 2ly when it joined the expedition to Monroe, the most wearisome, ill-starred affair of its kind known in the annals of the war. In September it returned and rested at Vicksburg until February, 1864; then reenlisted as a veteran organization; accompanied the Meridian expedition, and on its return proceeded to Iowa on furlough. The non-veterans of the brigade were organized into "The Iowa battalion of the 17th1 army corps," Major Pomutz commanding, and moved to Cairo, Illinois, about the first of April, in charge of a large quantity of arms, being ordered from there to garrison Mound City. In the latter part of April the battalion proceeded to Huntsville, where the men were returned to their regiments. The 15th returned to Cairo, moved thence to Bird's Point, Paducah and Huntsville, which was reached May 20. Here the brigade was officially designated as the 3d of the 4th division. The 15th took part in nearly every engagement from Kennesaw mountain to the battle before Atlanta, losing in that time nearly 100 in killed, wounded and missing. At the great battle of July 22 its brigade fought like demons against the savage assaults of the enemy and repelled seven charges during the day. The 15th captured 93 prisoners and lost 10 killed, 40 wounded and 82 captured, Lieut.-Colonel Hendrick being severely wounded. The regiment fought at Ezra Church. Colonel Belknap was made brigadier-general and Lieut.-Colonel Hendrick was commissioned to succeed to the command, but being unable to take active charge, the duties fell upon Lieut.-Colonel Pomutz, who was advanced to that position. Colonel Hendrick was brevetted brigadier-general, and sent many recruits to the regiment, although his injuries never permitted him to take to the field again. The regiment was in the battles of Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station, then went into camp at East Point, until the pursuit of Hood in October, returning in time to proceed to Savannah, from which city it marched in January. 1865, through the Carolinas, and was engaged at Columbia and Bentonville. It moved to Goldsboro, Raleigh, Washington, and Louisville where it was mustered out July 24 with 712 on the rolls.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Alexander Chambers; Lieut.-Colonels, Addison H. Sanders, John H. Smith, Josiah T. Herbert; Majors, William Purcell, Peter Miller. This regiment was organized at Davenport and was mustered in at intervals between December 10, 1861, and March 24, 1862, seven companies at Davenport, one at Keokuk and the last at Benton barracks, St. Louis. The incomplete regiment left the state the first week in March for Benton barracks, from which point it moved on the completion of its organization to Pittsburg landing and was one of those regiments which were sent into the most exposed position at Shiloh without having had any experience in warfare and assigned a place without a brigade formation. Its loss was heavy but its action was excellent, despite some confusion. After the battle it was made a part of the "Iowa" brigade; took part in the move upon Corinth and at the close went into camp. Near the close of July it accompanied the army to Bolivar, Tennessee, where it remained until the middle of September, engaging in scouting, foraging and short expeditions having a few skirmishes. It participated at the battle of Iuka and received General Rosecrans' highest praise for its performances. Again returning to Corinth, it was engaged in the battle there two weeks later, where Lieut.-Colonel Sanders was severely wounded and Major Purcell took command. It joined in the pursuit but returned 10 days later and remained until November 1, when it moved to Grand Junction to take part in the movement against Vicksburg, which failed through the loss of Holly Springs with its supplies. The regiment moved to Holly Springs, thence to Lafayette and Memphis, which place was reached on January 3, 1863. A week later it embarked for Young's point, thence to Lake Providence where it remained with its brigade until ordered to Vicksburg. While there Major William E. Strong, inspector-general of the 17th army corps, said of its brigade: "Iowa may well be proud of the 3d brigade. Since I have been a soldier it has happened that I have seen many brigades of many different army corps, both in eastern and western armies, but never have I seen a brigade that could compete with this Iowa brigade." Moving to Vicksburg the regiment was constantly under fire during the siege, then went into camp until called to take part in the expedition to Monroe, from which it returned, worn out by the most fatiguing movement ever made without purpose or result. It took part in the Meridian raid in February, 1864, and returned to Vicksburg, where it reenlisted as a veteran regiment. It was given a furlough home in April, returned in June, and accompanied Sherman's army through Georgia; was engaged at Acworth, Kennesaw mountain, Nickajack creek, before Atlanta, losing more than 50 in killed and wounded in less than 30 minutes July 21, and the next day it fought with great bravery; charged the batteries and lost 65 men; then held its position until completely surrounded and being entirely without ammunition, was compelled to surrender, after killing or wounding a number of the enemy equal to its own numbers. Two companies of the 13th sent to reinforce it were also captured. The prisoners were sent to Andersonville, with the exception of the officers, who were sent to Macon, thence to Charleston and later to Columbia. The men were exchanged on September 22, but the officers remained in prison much longer. A few escaped, among them Captain J. H. Smith, who was afterwards appointed lieutenant-colonel in place of Lieut.-Colonel Sanders, resigned. About 100 men and officers answered roll-call on July 23, but their numbers were increased by the return of the sick and wounded, the total force soon after numbering nearly 200. The regiment moved in the march to Savannah, accompanied the army through the Carolinas, and was in a number of engagements connected with that campaign, the last being at Cheraw on March 2, 1865. It then marched to Washington, was in the grand review, and was mustered out at Louisville in July, 1865. Its original strength was 910; gain by recruits, 9; total, 919.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonels, John W. Rankin, David B. Hillis, Clark R. Wever; Lieut.-Colonels, David B. Hillis, Clark R. Wever, S. M. Archer; Majors, Samuel M. Wise, John F. Walden. This regiment was organized at Keokuk in March and April, 1862; moved to St. Louis where it remained for two weeks, when it embarked for Hamburg, Tennessee; reached there on May 7 and marched at once for Corinth, where it was engaged in the siege; joined in the pursuit of the enemy on the evacuation, and on its return went into camp at Clear creek. On August 15, with its division, it moved to Jacinto and established an outpost, from which it accompanied several short expeditions. It took part in the battle of Iuka, joined in the pursuit of the enemy, returned to Jacinto and remained in -camp until October 2, when it moved again to Corinth. Here during the following two days, smarting under an unmerited rebuke at Iuka, the 17th fought with bravery and determination unsurpassed toy that of any regiment in the field; at first with its brigade, but finally wherever it could find a force to oppose. At the crisis of the battle, when Davies' division had given way and the enemy had gained the town, threatening to sweep everything, the 17th made so fierce a charge that the victorious enemy was arrested in his forward movement, turned back and finally put to flight, the regiment capturing a stand of colors and putting out of action more of its opponents in killed and wounded, than it had in line. General Rosecrans, who had censured the regiment at Iuka, issued orders, in which he said that he could not forbear "to give pleasure to many, besides the brave men immediately concerned, by announcing in advance of the regular orders, that the 17th Iowa, by its gallantry in the battle of Corinth, charging the enemy and capturing the flag of the 40th Mississippi, has amply atoned for its misfortune at Iuka, and stands among the honored regiments of this command." The loss was slight, its movements being made with so much celerity that the enemy had no time to inflict serious damage. Early in November the regiment moved to Davis' mills; from there to Moscow, Tennessee, and took charge of a forage train of nearly 200 wagons, which it filled with supplies from the enemy's country and brought into camp. On December 24 it reached Lumpkin's mills and accompanied the division to Memphis in guard of a train of more than 600 wagons, constantly skirmishing with guerrilla bands. The regiment was next assigned to duty at Bray's station as railroad guard and remained until assigned to the 17th corps, which it accompanied to Memphis. On March 2 it moved to Grand lake but returned to Helena and accompanied Quinby's expedition against Fort Pemberton. In April it proceeded in the direction of Vicksburg; engaged in the work of building roads and preparing the way for the advance of the army; was in the battle of Raymond; in the front brigade of Crocker's division at Jackson, fighting bravely and losing one-fourth its numbers by an enfilading fire, which it sustained without flinching; double-quicked 3 miles at Champion's hill, and threw itself into the fray with such vigor as to win the commendations of Grant himself. It captured nearly 200 prisoners, a battery, a stand of colors, and with the 10th Missouri and the 10th Iowa turned the balance in the favor of the Union arms. At Vicksburg it remained in the trenches until the capitulation. At the explosion of the mine at Fort hill on June 25, the 17th was one of the regiments assigned to the duty of holding the works. It encamped at Vicksburg until September 9, when it moved to Helena, thence to Memphis, and accompanied Sherman's army to Chattanooga. It was engaged at Missionary ridge, where it fought until nearly surrounded and lost 57 in killed, wounded and captured. It marched as far as Graysville, Georgia, in pursuit, then to Chattanooga, and moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, thence to Huntsville, where it remained until spring engaged in guarding foraging trains and scouting. Nearly every man reenlisted April 1, 1864. The regiment joined the division at Stevenson on June 22 and moved toward Atlanta, but was detailed for guard and patrol -duty between Dalton and Resaca for the protection of the line of communications, and passed the summer in this dreary work. Cos. H and I were attacked at a water-tank 2 miles from Dalton by some of Wheeler's cavalry in August but defended themselves against a heavy force until 10 o'clock of the following day, when their ammunition gave out and artillery being brought into play against them they surrendered. The men were paroled and allowed to return to Tilton, the headquarters, two days later. The paroles were not recognized and the men were placed on duty at once. Dalton had been captured, and Tilton was threatened, but not attacked until October 13, when a corps compelled the garrison to surrender after a determined defense, 270 men holding off this heavy force from early morning until almost 3 p. m. and only surrendered when their ammunition was almost gone. Colonel Wever was in command of a brigade at Resaca, where he was attacked by a heavy force, but his 750 men held the place from noon till night. Some 1,200 men -came in during the night as reinforcements and put up so vigorous a fight that Hood could not carry the place and was compelled to retire on the approach of Sherman's army in the afternoon. A force of 500 men, guarding bridge timbers 3 miles north, was attacked by a large force and compelled to surrender after a desperate fight. Some 30 men under Captain Horner escaped capture at Tilton and were sent home on furlough, being accompanied by a few who made their escape from their captors. On their return they took part in the campaign of the Carolinas. Those captured were hurried off to southern prisons, but were exchanged toward the close of the war. The regiment was mustered out in the early part of August, 1865. Its original strength was 889; gain by recruits, 67; total, 956.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonels, John Edwards, Hugh J. Campbell; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas F. Cook, Hugh J. Campbell; Majors, Hugh J. -Campbell, Joseph K. Morey. This regiment was mustered in August 5, 6 and 7, 1862. Soon after it moved to Springfield via St. Louis and Sedalia, joined the Army of the Southwest under Schofield, and marched through Missouri into Arkansas. Returning to Springfield, it formed a part of the garrison there during the winter. On January 8, 1863, Marmaduke's forces, numbering over 5,000 men, attacked the garrison, which consisted of not to exceed 1,500 men, the 18th being the only regular organization there, with detachments of several Missouri regiments, citizens and quite a number of convalescents in the hospitals. The fight commenced about noon and continued with varying success until almost night, the enemy gaining ground at times only to lose it by some daring charge, the tide being turned just before dark by the coming up of five companies of the 18th, which had been stationed at an outpost. They entered into the fight with such energy that the enemy was driven into a stockade at the outskirts of town and declined to give battle the following day, having lost more than 200 in killed and wounded. The loss of the regiment was 56 in killed and wounded and the loss of the entire Union force was about 200. The regiment remained at Springfield about a year, being denied the privilege of participating in the stirring scenes that were bringing glory to its sister regiments, but performing well the duties so necessary in guarding the border at that time. Colonel Edwards assumed command of the post in April, and in the fall was in temporary command of the district of southwestern Missouri, and later in command of his regiment, which formed part of the force that made Shelby throw aside his artillery and much of his baggage to escape his pursuers. Reaching Fort Smith, Arkansas, on October 30, the regiment was assigned to garrison duty and spent the winter there. Colonel Edwards being placed in command of the post. In March, 1864, the regiment moved with Steele's forces to Arkadelphia, Colonel Edwards being in command of the brigade to which the 18th was assigned. The command joined Thayer's forces at Elkin's ferry, the intention being to effect a junction with Banks. When the retreat of Banks was learned the entire command moved to Camden. It was engaged at Prairie d'Ane and at Moscow, where Edwards' brigade stood the brunt of the attack and on being reinforced drove the enemy for several miles. After some ten days at Camden the regiment engaged in a severe battle. With one section of the 2nd Ind. battery, it was sent to reinforce Colonel Williams of the 1st Kansas Colored regiment, guarding a forage train. The force was attacked by several thousand troopers, the Kansas regiment receiving the first shock, and giving way, crowded through the lines of the 18th and left it to take up the fight alone. Seven fierce charges were repelled, more than its own numbers were put out of action, but it was finally surrounded, when, with fixed bayonets, it cut its way out and reached Camden, having sustained a loss of 77 in killed, wounded and missing. The wretched three weeks' retreat to Little Rock followed. Colonel Edwards holding the reserve and guarding the ordnance train at the battle of Jenkins' ferry. Resuming its duty as garrison at Fort Smith, the regiment moved on numerous minor expeditions and was often compelled to forage to keep from actual starvation, the river below being blockaded. Colonel Edwards was promoted to brigadier-general and was succeeded as colonel by Lieut.-Colonel Campbell. The regiment marched to Fort Gibson in November to meet a supply train from Fort Scott, but finding it had not arrived, set out on the evening of the 27th with two ears of corn each and one tablespoonful of coffee for each mess of four, as rations, and found the train over 100 miles distant four days later. The regiment passed the winter and spring in alternate starvation and plenty, remaining on garrison duty at Fort Smith until the latter part of the summer of 1865, when it was mustered out. Its original strength was 866; gain by recruits, 9; total, 875.

Nineteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Benjamin Crabb; Lieut.-Colonels, Samuel McFarland, Daniel Kent, John Bruce; Majors, Daniel Kent, John Bruce, Harry Jordan. This regiment was organized at Keokuk and was mustered in between August 17 and 28. 1862. In the early part of September it proceeded to Benton barracks, St. Louis, which it left a week later for Rolla with a brigade commanded by General Herron. From there it moved to Springfield and three weeks, later to Cassville. The command formed a junction with General Blunt's forces at Sugar creek on October 18, and two days later proceeded to Bloomington, thence to Cross Hollow, where it remained ten days, when it retraced its steps without having met the enemy, and went into camp at Twin springs. It fought at the battle, of Prairie Grove, where Lieut.-Colonel McFarland was killed and the regiment lost 198 in killed, wounded and missing out of 500 engaged. Cos. A, B and C were detached as skirmishers in the early part of the day and were engaged in as sharp fighting as any part of the command. Major Kent was appointed lieutenant-colonel, and Captain John Bruce was commissioned major. The regiment accompanied the army to Van Buren, that city being captured, together with a large quantity of supplies, after which it returned to camp at Prairie Grove, but moved thence to Fayetteville and Huntsville. Soon after the command moved to Carrollton, thence to a point on the White river opposite Forsyth, Missouri, finally crossing and going into camp at that place. The regiment was left with a squadron of the 1st Iowa cavalry as garrison and the remainder of the force moved on. Some of Marmaduke's forces threatened Forsyth and many buildings were torn down and used in construction of fortifications. In April the regiment marched to Ozark, thence to Hartville, and reached Salem on May 2, where it was temporarily assigned to the 1st division, General Thomas Ewing, Jr., commanding. On June 11 it embarked for Young's point and on the 14th entered upon the siege of Vicksburg, remaining until its surrender. It took part in the Yazoo expedition soon after, then moved to Port Hudson, and finally to Carrollton. In September it went into camp at Morganza where it was almost constantly engaged in skirmishing. At the Stirling farm, 7 miles from Morganza, the regiment with other detachments was attacked by largely superior numbers and nearly surrounded, but the defense was so determined that the enemy was compelled to fall back. He rallied and returned to the fight and finally overpowered the little band, the 19th losing 241 in killed, wounded, and missing or captured. The prisoners were taken to Texas and kept there for nearly a year. At this time nearly two-thirds of the regiment were absent on sick leave, consequently the organization of the regiment remained intact. It proceeded with the division to New Orleans in October; embarked with the expedition to Texas, and was part of the force to land on the island of Brazos Santiago. It remained at Brownsville on garrison duty until the latter part of July, 1864, when it sailed for New Orleans and was met there by 180 of those who had been captured at Stirling's farm the year previous. The regiment proceeded to Pensacola, Fla., and went into camp at Barrancas, where it was joined by three companies that had been left at Brazos Santiago. On December 6 it sailed for Fort Gaines, Alabama, proceeded thence in the direction of East Pascagoula, Mississippi, from where it made a foray toward Mobile, destroying much property. Its last work was before Mobile where it distinguished itself in the assault on Spanish Fort. It remained at Mobile until July, when it was mustered out and returned to Iowa. Its original strength was 932; gain, by recruits, 3; total, 985.

Twentieth Infantry.—Colonel, William McE. Dye; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph B. Leake; Major, William G. Thompson. This regiment was organized at Clinton and was mustered in August 25, 1862. It left the state on September 5 for Benton barracks, St. Louis, and from there moved to Rolla and later to Springfield where it was put in a brigade with the 37th Illinois, 1st Iowa cavalry and a section of the 1st Missouri light artillery, Colonel Dye commanding. The brigade was attached to Totten's division, moved via Pond springs on a forced march about October i to Spring river; thence toward Newtonia; took part in the pursuit of the enemy who had been defeated near Newtonia; proceeded thence to Cassville; participated in various. movements in the vicinity of Pea ridge; moved back into Missouri about the close of October and finally went into camp at Camp Lyon. After a forced march of over 100 miles the regiment was in line of battle at Prairie Grove where it made a splendid charge up the hill against the enemy but was repulsed. Its action throughout the entire engagement was of the bravest, its loss being nearly 50 out of 270 engaged. It assisted in the capture of Van Buren, Arkansas, with a quantity of provisions, and returned to Prairie Grove. General Schofield took command and the regiment moved with the troops to Fayetteville, participating in the marches and movements through Missouri and Arkansas until the following April when Rolla was reached. The regiment then moved to Pilot Knob, and in June to St. Genevieve, where it embarked for Vicksburg, disembarked at Young's point and took position on the 14th before the beleaguered city. It moved at the head of its division into Vicksburg on July 4 and was the first on the left of the army to plant the flag on the battlements. It started for Port Hudson but changed its course to Yazoo City and returned to Vicksburg on the 22nd. Three days later it moved to Port Hudson, where much sickness followed, thence to Carrollton and on to the vicinity of Morganza. Lieut.-Colonel Leake was captured with the detachment of the 19th Iowa and 26th Indiana, told in the history of the 19th Iowa, in the engagement at Stirling's farm. Colonel Dye was in command of the brigade and Major Thompson took charge of the regiment. On October 10, the regiment returned to Carrollton and on the 24th moved for Brazos Santiago, Texas. A week later it moved to Mustang island where it remained for seven months on garrison duty, and engaged in minor expeditions. Major Thompson resigned and Captain M. L. Thompson took command temporarily. On June 24, 1864, the regiment moved to Brazos Santiago, thence. to Brownsville for garrison duty, and sailed August 2 for New Orleans. It then moved to Fort Gaines, Alabama, and took part in the siege of Fort Morgan. Returning to New Orleans it proceeded to Morganza, where it was rejoined by Lieut.-Colonel Leake who had been exchanged. On October 12, the regiment went to Devall's Bluff, Arkansas, passing the time there and at Brownsville until January 8, 1865, when it embarked for Kennerville, Louisiana, and on February 16, reached Pensacola, Fla. At the opening of the Mobile campaign it marched for that place and took a prominent part in the operations. In the siege of Fort Blakely it was a part of the assaulting column which carried the works; and was then assigned to duty under General Andrews, provost-marshal general, until mustered out July 8, 1865. Its original strength was 902, gain by recruits, 23; total, 925.

Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel Merrill; Lieut.-Colonels, Cornelius Dunlap. Salue G. Van Anda; Majors, Salue G. Van Anda, William D. Crooke. This regiment was organized at Camp Franklin, near Dubuque, and mustered in from August 18 to 23. It left the state September 19 for St. Louis and reached Rolla on the 23d. At Salem it was attached to a brigade consisting of the 33d Missouri, 99th Illinois, and some artillery and cavalry, under command of General Fitz-Henry Warren. The brigade train was surprised and captured on the night of November 24, when 15 of the regiment, forming a part of the guard were killed or captured. The enemy escaped without damage after burning the train, the regiment being at Hartville, 16 miles away. A detachment of the regiment formed a part of the force sent to Springfield under Colonel Merrill in January, 1863, to reinforce General Brown, who was threatened with attack, and in fact sustained one before the messenger had reached Hartville. The detachment returned to Hartville on the 11th and found a large body of the enemy at that place. Less than 1,000 men under Merrill gave' battle at once, fought from noon until night, repulsed every charge and inflicted a loss of 300 in killed and wounded. The detachment of the 21st did not receive the order to retire at the close of the day and fought until long after dark, sustaining alone three charges, which were repelled in fine form. This was the first time the regiment had been under fire and it received high praise for its coolness and excellent work. Two hundred and fifty of the regiment left at Houston formed a part of a force which moved for Hartville on the 12th on learning of the engagement. It moved the 30 miles intervening, and returned to Houston, having made the distance of 60 miles in a little over 24 hours. The remainder of the command reached there on the 17th. At West Plains the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Army of Southeast Missouri. Without protection, half starved and nearly frozen, the army concentrated at that point and remained until February 8, by which time the commanding officer found it necessary to move in order to preserve his men. The command marched to Eminence, thence to Iron Mountain, many of the men being without shoes, their feet wrapped in pieces of ragged clothing, with hardly a mouthful of food. From Iron Mountain it moved to St. Genevieve, which was reached on March 11. One wing of the regiment under Major Van Anda embarked on the 26th, the other on April 1st, for Milliken's bend, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 14th division, 13th army corps, commanded by General McClernand. With its brigade it took part in the battle of Port Gibson, where it performed well its part, the division commander referring to it as being "first in battle and one of the last to leave the field." Its losses were light. It was in reserve at the battle of Champion's hill and at the Big Black river it accompanied the 23d Iowa on that terrible charge across the river bottoms and the bayou, over the enemy's works, and captured over 1,700 prisoners and 18 guns. Colonel Merrill was severely wounded and the regiment lost 13 killed and 70 wounded out of less than 300 engaged. At Vicksburg it took part in the siege; and in the assault of May 22 lost 113 in killed and wounded out of 280 who took part. Lieut.-Colonel Dunlap, who had been wounded at Port Gibson, was unable to lead, but was on field and was killed after the assault. Major Van Anda commanded and was wounded during the charge. At the conclusion of the siege, the regiment under the command of Captain Crooke, took part in the siege of Jackson and in the destruction of the railways and public property at that place. On August 13, it moved" to Carrollton, Louisiana, from which point it proceeded to Brashear City and soon after to Berwick City, thence up Bayou Teche to Vermillion bayou, where it remained for a month, guarding a bridge and performing heavy picket duty. In November it moved to New Iberia, Berwick City and Brashear. reached Algiers on the 21st and embarked the following day for St. Joseph's island, Texas. On March 13 the regiment moved to Matagorda island, where it remained until June. On July 26 it moved to Morganza, where it remained until September 3, when it went to the mouth of the White river, thence to St. Charles, Devall's Bluff and Memphis. There it was assigned to the 1st brigade, reserve corps, Division of West Mississippi. It took part in a march into the interior of Tennessee in December, embarked for Kennerville on January 1, 1865, and on February 5, sailed for Dauphin island, Alabama. From there it proceeded to Fort Morgan, then moved to Mobile bay and took part in the siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. It was mustered out at Mobile in July.

Twenty-second Infantry.—Colonels, William M. Stone, Harvey Graham; Lieut.-Colonels, John A. Garrett, Harvey Graham, Ephraim G. White; Majors, Harvey Graham, Joseph B. Atherton, Ephraim G. White, John H. Gearkee. This regiment was organized in the summer of 1862 and was mustered in September 9. A few days later it proceeded to Benton barracks, St. Louis, and reached Rolla on the 23d. It remained here about four months on garrison duty and train escort. At West Plains in the latter part of January, 1863, it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, Army of Southeast Missouri, moved to Iron Mountain, and in March to St. Genevieve, where it embarked for Vicksburg. Its brigade was in the advance at Port Gibson, where the regiment exhibited the same qualities that had been shown by the Iowa regiments that had preceded it. It then moved to Mississippi springs and halted on train guard duty; was in reserve at the battle of Champion's hill; took part in the pursuit which followed and was engaged at the Big Black river; led the column in the assault on Fort Beauregard on the 22nd, accompanied by the 21st Iowa and 11th Wisconsin, General Lawler in command of the brigade. Colonel Stone fell severely wounded, Lieut.-Colonel Graham took command and rallied the men who had broken in some disorder. With about 60 he pressed forward, reached the fort, and planted the colors. A number, including Sergt. Griffith, entered the fort and captured a number of prisoners; but the position was untenable and the only ones to escape were Sergt. Griffith and Private Trine. Lieut.-Colonel Graham and several men were captured, and the regiment lost 164 in killed, wounded and missing. After the surrender of Vicksburg the regiment engaged in the siege of Jackson, being joined by Colonel Stone. After the return from the Jackson campaign Colonel Stone resigned, returned to Iowa and was elected governor of the state that fall. The regiment moved to Carrollton, Louisiana, where it was joined by Lieut.-Colonel Graham, who had been exchanged. It engaged in the Bayou Teche expedition; was in several skirmishes; returned to Algiers in November, and embarked for Texas. In January, 1864, it reached Indianola and went into winter quarters. Returning to Matagorda island, the regiment remained until the last of April, making an expedition to Port Lavaca, 70 miles distant, where it captured a large quantity of property. It then returned to Louisiana and with the left wing of the regiment accompanied a force to Fort DeRussy. It joined the right wing at Baton Rouge in June, when Lieut.-Colonel Graham was commissioned colonel, being succeeded by Major White as lieutenant-colonel, and the latter by Captain Gearkee. At New Orleans the regiment was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, which joined the Army of the James, and remained on duty in the trenches until July 31, when it was ordered to Washington City. From there it joined Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, took part in the battle of Winchester, in which the troops fought as long as it was possible to stand before such a fire as met them at every step, finally giving way in temporary confusion which swept away all organization. Quickly reforming, a second -charge was made in which the lost position was regained, the 22nd with thinned ranks coming into formation and fighting with undiminished vigor. Its loss was 109 in killed, wounded and captured. In the pursuit, the regiment was engaged at the battle of Fisher's hill, marched as far as Mount Crawford in pursuit, went into camp on Cedar creek in October, where it took part in the battle which ended that campaign. In January, 1865, it embarked at Baltimore for Savannah, Georgia, remained there until the middle of March when it sailed to Morehead City, returned in April and moved on the 11th for Augusta, where it performed garrison duty until the middle of June. It was mustered out July 20, 1865. Its original strength was 952; gain by recruits, 56; total, 1,008.

Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonels, William Dewey, William H. Kinsman, Samuel L. Glasgow; Lieut.-Colonels, William H. Kinsman, Samuel L. Glasgow, Charles J. Clark; Majors, Samuel L. Glasgow, Charles J. Clark, Leonard B. Houston. This regiment was organized at Des Moines and was mustered in September 19, 1862. It moved to Missouri, where it was employed for several months on garrison, provost and guard duty, and in minor expeditions. Much sickness prevailed, Colonel Dewey died in November, Lieut.-Colonel Kinsman was appointed his successor, Major Glasgow became lieutenant-colonel -and Captain Clark became major. The regiment moved for West Plains early in the spring, thence to Eminence and Iron Mountain, and finally to St. Genevieve, where it embarked for New Madrid. It was next ordered to Memphis and a short time after to Milliken's bend, where it was assigned to Carr's division of the 13th corps. It took part in the battle at Port Gibson, its brigade being the first in and the last out of the fight, the regiment losing 6 killed -and 27 wounded. It was in reserve at Champion's hill, joined in the pursuit after the battle, and at the Black River bridge it formed a part of the force which made the fearless but terrible charge across the bottom and through the bayou, mentioned in the history of the 21st regiment. Colonel Kinsman was killed and more than 100 were killed or wounded. General Grant pronounced it a brilliant and daring movement, and General McClernand said it reflected "The highest credit upon the officers and men who achieved the victory." The 23d was given the duty of guarding the prisoners, and it marched to the Yazoo with several thousand captured at Champion's hill and Black River bridge. On the return it was engaged in the battle of Milliken's bend. The only force at this point was the colored troops of the 9th Louisiana, the 11th and part of the 1st Mississippi, all without experience. The 23d, numbering about 200 men, and a small force of cavalry, were the only white soldiers present. General Dennis, commandant of the post, said of the regiment: "General Glasgow and his brave men deserve the highest praise." Returning to its brigade, the regiment engaged in the siege at Vicksburg, and at its close took part in the operations about Jackson. Its -corps was transferred to the Department of the Gulf about the middle of August, and took part in the same general movements as the 22nd, making the trip to Texas, spending the winter at Indianola, the spring at Matagorda island, Major Houston of the 23d commanding the 22nd for some time in the absence of its field officers. Returning to New Orleans in the spring, it was part of the force to move up the Red River to the relief of Banks. From Fort De Russy it moved to the mouth of the Red river and went into camp. It reached Morganza on May 22. The 13th army corps was discontinued and the regiment moved into Arkansas, in a brigade comprised of the 20th Iowa, a regiment from Wisconsin and one from Illinois, in the 3d division of the 19th corps. Early in 1865 it moved to New Orleans, thence to Mobile, Colonel Glasgow being in command of the brigade and Lieut.-Colonel Clark of the regiment. The regiment took its full share of the work in the siege of and assault on Spanish Fort, losing about 40 wounded, 1 mortally. At the storming of the fort the regiment met and whipped the 23d Alabama, the same regiment that it had met and whipped at the battle of Port Gibson. On June 22 it proceeded to Galveston, Texas, thence to Columbus where it went into camp. Colonel Glasgow and Lieut.-Colonel Clark being in New Orleans, and Major Houston in command of the post, the command of the regiment fell to Captain J. J. Van Houten. It was mustered out July 26, 1865. Its original strength was 961, of which number 417 were disbanded at Davenport.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Eber C. Byam; Lieut.-Colonels, John Q. Wilds, Edward Wright; Majors, Edward Wright, Leander Clark. This regiment was organized at Camp Strong, near Muscatine, in the summer of 1862. under a call for an "Iowa Temperance Regiment," which brought a quick response from the temperance people of the state, more men being offered than could be accepted. It was mustered in September 18 and left the state October 20 for St. Louis. It passed the winter at Helena, Arkansas, engaging in short expeditions at intervals, and in January, 1863, moved in the White River expedition as far as Devall's Bluff. At St. Charles part of the troops were ordered to disembark, and no sooner had they unloaded the baggage than they were ordered on board again, the results of the movement being the capture of 2 abandoned siege guns, a squad of prisoners, and the destruction of an unfinished depot. Many of the men died from exposure during the trip and many more died subsequently from the effects. The expedition returned to Helena, to find the tents gone and the men dropped into the mud, too exhausted to care what the result might be. Rude quarters were constructed, in which a dreary existence was dragged out until February 14, when the regiment was ordered to Yazoo pass to assist in removing the obstructions from the river. On April 11 the regiment proceeded to Milliken's bend, thence to Perkins' landing and Hard Times, where it landed in time to take part in the battle of Port Gibson. It was engaged in constant skirmishing from that time to the battle of Champion's hill, where it proved the equal of any regiment engaged. At one time it advanced unsupported, charged a battery of 5 guns that was creating havoc, fairly ran over the men at the guns, and drove the supporting infantry in wild confusion, but was compelled by overwhelming numbers to fall back. Forty-three were killed, 40 mortally wounded and nearly 30 maimed for life, the total loss in killed, wounded and captured being 195 out of 417 engaged. At Vicksburg it engaged in the active operations and after the surrender left to engage in the siege of Jackson. At the conclusion the regiment was transferred to the Department of the Gulf, and put in much of the fall and early winter in marches in various directions, without apparent aim or result. The opening of 1864 found the regiment encamped in the mud at Algiers. It moved in early March to join the Red River expedition and reached a point near Pleasant Hill on April 7. Five companies took part in the battle of Sabine cross-roads, keeping their position until ordered to retire, and losing 34 in killed, wounded and captured. In the retreat from Grand Ecore the_ regiment was in several skirmishes, and after reaching Morganza joined in a reconnoissance, in which it lost a number in wounded and Captain Paul slain. In June it visited Greenville, Kennerville and Thibodeaux, and returned to Algiers, from which place it sailed for Alexandria, Virginia. It joined Sheridan's army at Harper's Ferry, was in the battle of Winchester, where it fought with courage, but in the general repulse was borne back in confusion, but the lines were reformed and again faced the enemy. The splendid work of the 24th received warm praise from all, its staff and line officers fighting with the regiment and leading at all times. The loss was 71 killed and wounded and 3 captured. At Fisher's hill it moved from its position to the left in perfect order amid a storm of shot and shell, and at the signal to charge dashed forward with resistless energy, having but 5 men wounded. After the pursuit it went into camp at Harrisonburg, then returned to Cedar creek, where it took part in the battle of October 19, when the army's position was turned by Early's forces and a complete rout avoided only by Sheridan's personal appearance on the scene after his wild ride from Winchester. The regiment bore a prominent part in this battle, losing nearly 100 in killed and wounded, Lieut.-Colonel Wilds being mortally and Major Wright slightly wounded. After a period of escort duty it went into camp on the Opequan in the latter part of November, but soon moved to Winchester for post duty. On January 6, 1865, the regiment moved to Baltimore, thence to Savannah, Georgia, and two months later to Morehead City, N. C. After Johnston's surrender it went back to Savannah and thence to Augusta for garrison duty. It was mustered out at Savannah in July, 1865.

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, George A. Stone; Lieut.-Colonels, Fabian Drydolf, David J. Palmer; Majors, Calvin Taylor, John L. Perkins. This regiment was organized at Mount Pleasant and was mustered in September 27, 1862. It left the state early in November for Helena, Arkansas, where it remained four weeks. Then as a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division, of the 15th army corps, it accompanied Sherman's forces to Vicksburg. It was engaged at Chickasaw bayou, but was not in the main charge and suffered light losses. As a part of McClernand's command, it took part in the capture of Arkansas Post where it lost about 60 and won for itself the favorable opinion of its superior officers. With its division it took part in the expedition to Greenville in April, after which it was connected with the operations about Vicksburg and took part in the investment, losing about 30 men in the assault of May 22. After the surrender, it joined the second movement against Jackson, and went into camp at the Big Black river until September, when it embarked for Memphis. It next marched to the relief of Chattanooga; was in a sharp fight near Cherokee Station, Alabama, and at Lookout mountain with Hooker's command supported a New York battery. It was engaged in the battle of Ringgold, losing 29 wounded. Colonel Stone was placed in command of the brigade and Lieut.-Colonel Palmer took command of the regiment, which moved back to Chattanooga, thence to Bridgeport, Alabama, and went into winter quarters at Woodville on December 23. It was in several expeditions into the interior, one of them being to Lebanon, where there were many loyal citizens, a number of whom joined Stone's command. It was then ordered to Cleveland, Tennessee, and garrisoned that post until early in March, 1864, when it returned to Woodville. As a part of the 2nd brigade (known as the "Iowa Brigade"), ist division, 15th corps, it was engaged at Resaca, Dallas, around Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, and in many skirmishes. It then went into camp at East Point until October 4, when it took up the pursuit of Hood's army, but returned in time to take up the move for Savannah. It had but little fighting on the way, but at the Ogeechee river two companies of the regiment whipped a regiment of cavalry without losing a man. At Savannah Colonel Stone took command of the brigade, Lieut.-Colonel Palmer having command of the regiment during the remainder of its service. In the campaign of the Carolinas the regiment was engaged at Little Congaree creek, Columbia, Cox's bridge and Bentonville. Proceeding to Goldsboro it moved thence to Raleigh and after the surrender of Johnston's army to Washington, where it took part in the grand review. It was mustered out in the early part of June, 1865. Its original strength was 972; gain by recruits, 23; total, 995.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Milo Smith; Lieut.-Colonels, Samuel G. Magill, Thomas G. Ferreby; Majors, Samuel Clark, John Lubbers. This regiment was organized at Camp Kirkwood, near Clinton, and was mustered in September 30, 1862. It left on October 23 for St. Louis, thence moved to Helena, Arkansas, where it was assigned to the ist brigade, 4th division, Army of the Southwest. After the White River expedition it moved to Mississippi to take part in the Vicksburg campaign, and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 15th army corps, which was under fire but not actively engaged at Chickasaw bayou. At Arkansas Post it was in the heaviest of the fight and lost 120 in killed and wounded. Colonel Smith was among the wounded and the regiment received encomiums for its valor. It went into camp on the peninsula opposite Vicksburg until April 2, when it accompanied the expedition to Greenville, being in the skirmishes at Deer creek and Black bayou. It returned to the vicinity of Vicksburg; accompanied the column in the advance upon Jackson; was in a skirmish at Walnut hills; and took part in the assault of Vicksburg on May 22, losing nearly one-fourth of the number engaged. After the fall of Vicksburg, the regiment accompanied the army in the movement for the investment of Jackson, Colonel Smith commanding the brigade, and Lieut.-Colonel Ferreby, the regiment. In the pursuit of the enemy after the evacuation, it was in the skirmish at Brandon, and on the return went into camp at the Black River bridge, where it remained until the latter part of September. It was then in various movements, moved in November to Chattanooga, where it was in the battles of Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge, but was principally engaged at Rossville gap. It was also engaged at Ringgold and after a few days' rest proceeded to Bridgeport, Alabama, and later to Woodville, where it went into winter quarters until March 9, 1864. Detachments of the regiment were in a number of small skirmishes during the winter, and patrolled the Tennessee river between the mouths of the Flint and Rock rivers constantly. The regiment moved to Vienna in March and established an outpost; reached Chattanooga May 6, where it joined Sherman and commenced the advance on Atlanta. It was engaged at Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw mountain, the various engagements in the vicinity of Atlanta; at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station, with a loss of about 80 during the campaign. It remained at East Point until called on to join the pursuit of Hood in October, was engaged at Taylor's ridge, and returned to Atlanta in November. It accompanied the army to Savannah but was on a foraging expedition the day the advance entered the city. In January, 1865, the regiment marched with the army through the Carolinas, being engaged in numerous skirmishes and present at the capture of Columbia. Its last engagement was at Bentonville in March, after which it marched to Goldsboro, Raleigh, and Washington, where it was in the grand review, and was mustered out in July, 1865. Its original strength was 908; gain by recruits, 11, total 919.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, James Gilbert; Lieut.-Colonel, Jed Lake; Major, George W. Howard. This regiment was organized in the summer of 1862 and was mustered in October 3. A week later it reported to Major-General Pope, commanding the Department of the Northwest, to take part in the campaign against the Indians, who were waging war against the settlers of Minnesota. Upon reaching St. Paul it went into quarters at Fort Snelling, and soon after Colonel Gilbert, accompanied by six companies of the regiment, proceeded to Mille Lac, to superintend the payment of the annuity to the tribe at that point. In the meantime Major Howard had been ordered to report at Cairo, Illinois, with the remaining four companies and had departed for that place. Colonel Gilbert received similar orders on his return from Mille Lac and moved at once. The regiment went into camp at Memphis but soon moved on the expedition into central Mississippi, marched to the Tallahatchie river, and was assigned to the duty of guarding the Mississippi Central railway between that point and the town of Waterford. In December a small band of cavalry made a dash on the regimental hospital, captured 11 men and hurried them across the country 15 miles, when, finding them unable to proceed, the officer in command paroled them and turned them loose. The regiment went to Jackson and marched with the other forces to assist General Sullivan, who was in a fight with Forrest beyond Lexington, but failed to reach him in time to take part in the fray or even to overtake the flying enemy, who was in retreat for Clinton. It spent the winter at Jackson, suffering greatly from sickness, the result of the last campaign which was made without blankets or rations. The regiment held the post at Corinth part of April, and was then posted in detachments at various points along the railway from Jackson, with Colonel Gilbert in command of the post at that place. In June, it moved to Lagrange, thence to Moscow, and performed similar duties near that place for two months, having frequent skirmishes with guerrillas. In August it formed part of a detached brigade, which went to the support of General Steele, then moving on Little Rock, and took part in the capture of that place. It remained there on guard and picket duty until November 15, when it moved to Memphis and went into quarters until January 26, 1864. It then proceeded to Vicksburg and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 16th corps, with which it took part in the Meridian raid and returned March 4. It accompanied the Red River expedition a few days later and was in numerous skirmishes and battles of that movement. At Pleasant Hill it lost 88 in killed and wounded, and it formed a part of the force that covered the retreat from Grand Ecore to Alexandria, almost constantly skirmishing on the way. It was also engaged at Marksville and Yellow bayou. It accompanied the forces under Smith, which dislodged Marmaduke from his position at Lake Chicot and then went into camp at Memphis. It was heavily engaged at Tupelo, and at the battle of Old Town creek on the following day it took a prominent part. Returning to Memphis, it joined the Oxford expedition, after which it proceeded to Jefferson barracks, Missouri. It accompanied an expedition through the state in the early part of October, in pursuit of Price, as far as Little Santa Fe on the Arkansas line, but returned without having had a fight. It accompanied Smith's forces to Nashville, where it took position in the line of defenses and was active in the battle in December. Colonel Gilbert was in command of the brigade and its work was such as to win for him a commission as brigadier-general soon after. The regiment lost 61 but inflicted much greater damage on the enemy. In the pursuit it moved to Pulaski, thence to Clifton and Eastport and February 9, embarked for Dauphin island, Alabama. It took part in the operations about Mobile, aided in the siege of Fort Blakely, was in the final assault when its brigade captured 8 pieces of artillery and 600 prisoners. General Gilbert was afterwards brevetted major-general for his skillful conduct in this affair. With its brigade the regiment was assigned duty in garrison work, but was soon after sent to Montgomery, where it remained for two months and was mustered out in July, 1865, when its recruits were transferred to the veteran 12th Iowa.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonels, William E. Miller, John Connell; Lieut.-Colonels, John Connell, Bartholomew W. Wilson; Majors, Hugh B. Lynch, John Meyer. This regiment was organized with Iowa City as a place of rendezvous and it was mustered in October 10, 1862. After a week at Davenport it moved to Helena, Arkansas, where a detachment of 500 accompanied a force in the direction of Oakland, Mississippi, for the aid of Grant in his effort to take Vicksburg. Smallpox kept the command in camp until January, 1863, when the regiment moved in the expedition up the White river as far as Devall's Bluff and returned to find its tents gone, when the men sank down into the mud to rest as best they could until something could be provided to give them some shelter from the elements. The regiment spent a week at Yazoo pass in February, clearing the channel of the obstructions placed there, and then returned to Helena. Colonel Miller resigned, being succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Connell and the latter by Captain Wilson as lieutenant-colonel. Moving for Vicksburg on April 11, the regiment was first under fire at Port Gibson, where it went into battle after a 24 hours' march and fought with coolness and spirit. It was at this time a part of the 2nd brigade, 12th division, 13th army corps. It took part in all the movements, skirmishes and marches of that corps, and was engaged at Champion's hill, where it lost 22 killed, 65 wounded and 13 missing, four companies coming out of the fight without a commissioned officer. General Hovey said of the 24th and 25th Iowa regiments "scarcely more than six months in service, yet no troops ever showed more bravery or fought with more valor." The regiment went into the trenches before Vicksburg and remained until the fall of the city. At the conclusion of the siege it moved to Jackson and engaged in the siege of that place. At this time it was reduced to about 250 men capable of duty, death, wounds and sickness having wrought havoc in its ranks. On its return to Vicksburg, it was assigned to the Department of the Gulf, and accompanied the expedition into western Louisiana as far as Opelousas. On the return it was in constant skirmish, making several marches toward the west on two or three occasions when the enemy became too aggressive. It was next ordered to Texas, but transportation not being furnished the regiment went into camp at Madisonville. About March 1, 1864, it proceeded to New Orleans, thence to Algiers, and a few days later to Brashear City. It was with the Red River expedition, fought at Sabine cross-roads, where it lost about 80 in killed and wounded, Colonel Connell, being severely wounded and captured, the command devolving upon Captain Thomas Dillon in the absence of his ranking officers. The regiment was on train guard service when the battle of Pleasant Hill was fought. When Grand Ecore was reached the regiment was joined by Lieut.-Colonel Wilson with a large number of recruits. From Morganza the regiment marched to the Atchafalaya, and on its return embarked for Carrollton, where Colonel Connell joined the regiment, an armless sleeve at one side. After some minor movements it sailed for Alexandria, _Virginia, from there to Washington, thence to Tennallytown, and went into camp. With the Army of the Shenandoah, it was in the battle of Winchester, losing nearly 90 in killed and wounded. In the pursuit it captured 6 of the enemy's guns in battery, a large quantity of ammunition and a number of prisoners in the battle of Fisher's hill. At Cedar creek, with the 4th brigade of Grover's division, it went into action as the 8th corps gave way, but being left in an exposed position, through the failure of another regiment to come up on its right, it was driven back by overwhelming numbers, stubbornly contesting its ground for over half a mile. Lieut.-Colonel Wilson was severely wounded, and the command fell to Major Meyer. The regiment recovered itself, pressed to the front in the charge that followed, and joined in the pursuit when the tide turned. Its losses for the day were nearly 100. It was engaged in many minor movements until the end of the year; sailed in January, 1865, to Savannah, Georgia, for garrison duty; thence moved to New Berne, N. C., and back to Savannah; thence to Augusta and the last of June again to Savannah, where it was mustered out July 31, 1865. Its total strength was 956.

Twenty-ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas H. Benton, Jr.; Lieut.-Colonel, Robert E. Patterson; Majors, Charles Shoemaker, Joseph Lyman. This regiment was organized at Council Bluffs in the fall of 1862 and was mustered in December 1. Moving in detachments between December 5 and 8 the regiment marched to St. Joseph, Missouri; thence to St. Louis, and engaged in the duty of guarding some of the prisons. It was speedily ordered to Helena, Arkansas, and at Columbus, Kentucky, it was assigned to the right wing, commanded by General Tuttle. It remained there until January 8, 1863, when it started for Helena again, but joined the White River expedition, of which, some suggestion has been made in the history of the 28th and other regiments. It returned with 400 sick, of whom it lost nearly 300 by death and disabled invalids. The regiment joined the Yazoo Pass expedition and on the return went on garrison duty, scouting at intervals. It bore itself grandly in the battle of Helena, where it whipped a brigade and captured many prisoners, with the loss to itself of 31 in killed and wounded. In the march to Little Rock in August it was in a brigade commanded by Colonel Benton. The winter was passed at Little Rock with occasional movements wherever the enemy was heard from, but without coming to an engagement. It joined Steele's expedition to Camden in the spring of 1864, and at Terre Noir creek with a section of artillery was rear-guard for the day, covering the supply train of 400 wagons, 2 miles in the rear of the main column, when Shelby's cavalry brigade made a rush for the train. This was the same brigade the regiment had defeated the year before, and it now fought the enemy off, unsupported, against great odds, until the 50th Ind. came to its relief. The enemy had been repulsed three times, but had succeeded in turning the regiment's left wing and was rolling it up in confusion, but it rallied quickly and with the reinforcements drove Shelby off. Later, with a larger force, the enemy made another attack, but found a larger opposing force and was again compelled to retire. The 29th lost 27 men. It was under fire at Elkin's ferry, but did not take part. It remained at Camden until April 26; fought 6 hours at the severe engagement at Jenkins' ferry, where it made a magnificent bayonet charge and captured a section of artillery, and reached Little Rock on May 3. It lost 142 in killed, wounded and missing during this six weeks' campaign. The regiment remained at Little Rock until the latter part of July, spent August at Lewisburg, then returned to Little Rock, and was assigned to duty as city guard in November. On the reorganization of the department of Arkansas, it was assigned to the "detached brigade" of the 7th army corps, commanded by General Carr. On February 9, 1865, it moved for Mobile bay, where it engaged in the operations preceding the assault on Spanish Fort, and entered the city on April 12. The next day it left for Mount Vernon arsenal, having a running fight with a body of the enemy a few miles out, but reached the arsenal and acted as garrison until May 12, when it returned to Mobile. It sailed for Texas on June 1, was sent back the last of July, and was mustered out September 10, 1865. Its original strength was 964; gain by recruits, 41; total 1,005.

Thirtieth Infantry.—-Colonels, Charles H. Abbott; William M. G. Torrence; Lieut.-Colonels, William M. G. Torrence, Aurelius Roberts; Majors, Lauren Dewey, Robert D. Creamer. This regiment was organized at Keokuk and was mustered in September 23, 1862. It left the state in October for Helena, from which point it took part in several unimportant expeditions. With General Thayer's brigade, Steele's division, 15th army corps, it accompanied that command in the movement of Sherman's army toward Vicksburg and was in the battle of Chickasaw bayou. It took part in the campaign against Arkansas Post, participated in the battle at that place, won laurels by its admirable fighting and lost about 45 men. It then moved to Young's point and remained until early in April, when it accompanied the Greenville expedition; was then in the movement upon Jackson; took part in the capture of that place and returned to Vicksburg, where it was in the early assaults, fighting with unsurpassed courage and suffering the loss of its colonel, who was killed while leading the command. It moved at once upon the siege of Jackson when Vicksburg surrendered, accompanied the pursuit and was in the engagement at Brandon. It was then in camp at the Black river until the latter part of September, when it moved to Vicksburg, thence to Memphis, Corinth and Iuka. It was in a lively engagement at Cherokee, Alabama, on October 21, where Colonel Torrence and nearly 30 were killed and wounded. At Chattanooga it fought in Osterhaus's division in the "battle above the clouds"' and on the following day at Missionary ridge, fortunately sustaining slight losses. In the spring of 1864 it accompanied Sherman on the Atlanta campaign, took part in various movements of the army, and went into camp at East Point after the engagements at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. It took part in the pursuit of Hood, but returned in time to join in the Savannah campaign, and in the following January took up the march through the Carolinas. It was engaged at Columbia and Bentonville as well as in many minor engagements. At the close of the war it moved to Washington, joined in the grand review and proceeded to Davenport in June, where it was mustered out. The original strength of the regiment was 967; gain by recruits, 11; total 978.

Thirty-first Infantry.—Colonels, William Smyth, Jeremiah W. Jenkins; Lieut.-Colonels, Jeremiah W. Jenkins, Theodore Stimming; Majors, Ezekiel Cutler; Theodore Stimming, Sewell S. Farwell. This regiment was organized at Davenport in the fall of 1862 and was mustered in October 13. It left the state in November, reached Helena, Arkansas, on the 20th, accompanied the expedition to Coldwater, Mississippi, a week later, and on its return proceeded to the vicinity of Vicksburg. It was in the battle of Chickasaw bayou; in the movement against Arkansas Post; returned to the vicinity of Vicksburg; and accompanied the division on the Greenville expedition. On its return it joined in the siege of Vicksburg; was under fire at Raymond; in the battle of Jackson two days later; and in the assault on Vicksburg May 22, where Lieut.-Colonel Jenkins was wounded. It was with the command at Jackson after the fall of Vicksburg, and when the latter place was evacuated, pursued the enemy to Canton, after which it went into camp at the Big Black river. In September it marched to Chattanooga, skirmishing and fighting through northern Mississippi, northern Alabama and across Tennessee. It took an active part with Osterhaus' division at the battles of Lookout mountain and Missionary ridge, passed the winter at Woodville, Alabama, and on May 9, 1864, joined Sherman's army in northern Georgia. It was engaged at Resaca where its corps made a charge and drove the enemy from his rifle-pits. The regiment's losses were light but Lieut.-Colonel Jenkins was wounded a second time. At Dallas its brigade came to a rescue at a time when the enemy had found a weak spot in the line and was threatening destruction. The regiment was engaged at Big Shanty and afterward in the rifle-pits about Kennesaw mountain was under fire for days. It was in the repeated skirmishes at Nickajack creek, moved with the detachment to Roswell, and was detailed on special duty, not joining the brigade until August 2. It fought at Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station, and after the evacuation of Atlanta went into camp. It was in the pursuit of Hood after which it joined in the march to Savannah and passed the holidays in that city. In January, 1865, it accompanied the army through the Carolinas, performed its share of the hard work, participated in the capture of Columbia and in the battle of Bentonville received much praise for its conduct. It then moved to Raleigh, Richmond and Washington; took part in the grand review; proceeded from there to Louisville, where it was mustered out a few days later and returned home with about 370 of the number it had taken into service. Its original strength was 970; gain by recruits, 7; total 977.

Thirty-second Infantry.—Colonels, John Scott, Gustavus A. Eberhart; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward H. Mix, Gustavus A. Eberhart, Jonathan Hutchinson; Majors, Gustavus A. Eberhart, Jonathan Hutchinson, John R. Jones. This regiment was mustered into the service at Dubuque, October 6, 1862, and was sent to St. Louis. On December 17 Cos. C and I started on an expedition west of New Madrid, during which they captured from the enemy 5 commissioned officers, 3 enlisted men, 35 horses and 50 head of cattle. Colonel Scott, with 20 men, examined the various points on the river between New Madrid and Cape Girardeau, where trade or smuggling was practicable. On his return he brought a scouting party, 50 strong, from Cape Girardeau to Lane's landing, from which place it returned to Cape Girardeau through the interior, making a successful reconnoissance. Co. C was attached to the 4th Missouri cavalry as mounted infantry and engaged in arduous duties. Co. E was placed on duty at Fort Quinby, near Columbus, Kentucky, and H and K were sent to Island No. 10. The duties at this place were largely in protecting the contraband colony and in guarding public stores, though there were expeditions to either shore and some fighting. In one of these affairs, October 22, 1863, Private John D. Baker of Co. H was killed by guerrillas. A detachment of six companies of the 32nd, B, C, E, H, I and K, participated with the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 16th army corps, in the famous and successful Meridian raid of General Sherman, in which the railroads were torn up and destroyed. On February 28, 1864, near Canton, Mississippi, a forage train of 22 teams, guarded by 25 men of Co. C, was attacked by 300 mounted Confederates. A gallant resistance was made, the fight lasting over half an hour. Private Edward Flood was killed. The Confederates admitted a loss of 25 killed and wounded. The train escaped with a loss of eight teams captured—due to a panic among the teamsters. A detachment of the 32nd, Cos. A, D, F and G, was attached to a cavalry division under General Davidson and remained with it until ordered to Vicksburg in January, 1864, to rejoin the regiment. General Davidson expressed his appreciation of the courage and fidelity of the detachment in a special order. On March 4 the regiment was reunited, and on the 10th it entered on the Red River expedition. In General Smith's division and Colonel Shaw's brigade, it bore a gallant part in the marches and the battles of the campaign. At the storming of Fort De Russy the brigade played a brilliant role. In the battle of Pleasant Hill, Smith's division was ordered to the front, and Shaw's brigade, in the advance, did the hardest fighting of the day. It seems almost incredible that the 32nd, cut off from its brigade and entirely surrounded, with nearly one-half of its numbers killed or wounded, not only held its own, but near dark fought its way through, joined the advanced troops, and in less than 30 minutes was ready to meet the enemy again. At the battle of Bayou de Glaize during the retreat the 32nd was actively engaged, its casualties being 5 wounded. At Lake Chicot, in a sharp engagement of only a few minutes, the regiment lost 4 killed and 4 wounded. The 32nd also participated in the Tupelo campaign, and was in the battle of Nashville with Colonel Gilbert's brigade, Smith's division. In the final charge on the afternoon of December 16, the regiment captured a battery of 5 guns with 50 prisoners, losing 1 man killed and 25 wounded. The regiment was present at the siege and capture of Spanish Fort, and after the storming of Fort Blakely and the fall of Mobile it remained in Alabama until sent to Clinton, Iowa, where it was mustered out on August 24, 1865. During its term of service the regiment lost, in killed or died from wounds, 95; died from disease, 206; wounded, 142; discharged, 173.

Thirty-third Infantry.—Colonels, Samuel A. Rice, Cyrus H. Mackey; Lieut.-Colonels, Cyrus H. Mackey, John Lofland; Majors, Hiram D. Gibson, Cyrus B. Boydston. This regiment was mustered into the service at Oskaloosa October 4, 1862, and on November 20 set out for the front, being first placed on duty in St. Louis. On July 4, 1863, at the bravely won battle of Helena, Arkansas, the 33d fought its first fight and fought it valiantly. The regiment, in this baptismal battle, lost heavily, and the regimental colors planted on the breastworks were cut by 27 bullets. Cos. B and G were in a charge that captured three or four times as many prisoners as there were captors. Sickness from malaria and loss in battle had reduced the numbers of the regiment by this time to 285 effective men. On April 4, 1864, the regiment was within hearing of the engagement at Elkin's ferry, and at Prairie d'Ane, it played its full part. On April 14 General Rice's brigade, to which the 33d was attached, was ordered on a forced march to a cross road. There was advancing and fighting all day, in what is called the battle of Camden. The regiment also participated in the combats at Poison springs and Marks' mills. On the night of April 25 began the retreat—a retreat fraught with danger and great suffering from cold, hunger and fatigue—interrupted on April 30, by the sanguinary battle of Jenkins' ferry. The 33d was in the hottest of that long fight and displayed unsurpassed bravery and endurance. On the further retreat the 33d was train guard, and after almost incredible suffering reached Little Rock, where the regiment had its headquarters until February, 1865, when it was sent to participate in the Mobile campaign. After Spanish Fort was invested and taken the regiment moved with its command to Fort Blakely, arriving just as the assault had succeeded. The following day at Whistler's station there was a slight skirmish, and then the 33d was ordered to Texas. On July 4 it reembarked for New Orleans, where on July 17, 1865, it was mustered out. It lost in killed in battle and died from wounds, 67; in deaths from disease, 200; wounded, 177; discharged, 145.

Thirty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, George W. Clark; Lieut.-Colonel, Warren S. Dungan; Majors, Racine D. Kellogg, John Kern, Hinkley F. Beebe. This regiment was mustered into the service at Burlington October 15, 1862. It was ordered to report to General Steele at Helena, Arkansas, and arrived there December 5, being placed in Thayer's brigade of Steele's division. In this command it participated in the disastrous battle of Chickasaw bayou under General Sherman. It also took part in the capture of Arkansas Post, acquitting itself with honor. The regiment took its place on June 15, 1863, at the extreme left of Grant's investing line in the Vicksburg campaign, and though during the siege some were killed or wounded, the men stood the exposure better than most of the regiments, holding their numbers and strength. The regiment in General Vandever's division (2nd) and General Herron's corps (13th) was designed to reinforce General Banks, but diverted from that purpose, was with Herron in the capture of Yazoo City. The division was transferred to the Department of the Gulf, and in the combat of Stirling's farm the 34th lost 6 men captured and 1 mortally wounded. In October the division embarked for Texas, landing on St. Joseph's island, then crossing to Matagorda island, and after a preliminary engagement in which the 34th took a prominent part, captured Fort Esperanza. It remained in this vicinity until April 20, 1864, when it reembarked for New Orleans, and joined Banks' army at Alexandria. After about three weeks of skirmishing in this vicinity the retreat was resumed to the Mississippi river. Colonel Clark commanded the brigade which formed the rear-guard most of the way, and the 34th, with the other regiments of the brigade, was frequently engaged with the enemy. The gallant regiment played a conspicuous part in the expedition against the forts at the mouth of Mobile bay. The troops disembarked at Dauphin island, and marched to within 2 miles of Fort Gaines, immediately commencing the siege vigorously, in which the 34th lost 1 man killed. Operations were then begun against Fort Morgan, and at the formal surrender the 34th Iowa was assigned the place of honor. About the middle of September the regiment was ordered to report to New Orleans, whence it proceeded to Morganza, following which 2 men were severely wounded in a skirmish on the Atchafalaya. The varied experiences of the 34th had by this time reduced it to below one-half the maximum. It was formed into a battalion of five companies, and by January 1, 1865, there was consolidated with it another battalion of five companies, formed of the 38th Iowa. In preparation for the Mobile campaign, it was made a part of the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 13th army corps, under General Andrews. The regiment was engaged in the siege of Fort Blakely, and in the magnificent charge of Steele's army the 34th was among the first to plant its colors on the fort immediately in its front. Ordered to Texas, from Galveston it went to Houston, and on August 15, 1865, was mustered out of the service. It lost in killed in battle and died from wounds, 13; deaths from disease, 244; wounded, 31; discharged, 354.

Thirty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, Sylvester G. Hill; Lieut.-Colonels, James H. Rothrock, William B. Keeler; Majors, Henry O'Connor, William B. Keeler, Abraham John, William Dill. This regiment was mustered into the service at Muscatine September 18, 1862, and was sent to Cairo, III., arriving November 24, and there performed guard duty until in April, 1863, when by orders of General Grant, it set out for the Vicksburg campaign, reporting at Duckport, Louisiana, to Brigadier-General J. M. Tuttle, commanding the 3d division of the 15th army corps, under General Sherman, and was assigned to the 3d brigade of this division. The regiment participated in the battle of Jackson, having 1 man killed and 1 severely wounded. It crossed the Big Black river on May 18 and arrived that evening in the rear of Vicksburg. There it engaged in the severest duties of the siege, at work in the trenches, sharpshooting and on picket, losing 2 killed and 1 wounded. When Vicksburg capitulated, it was ordered by a circuitous route to Jackson, where it lost 1 officer wounded and some men captured. In March, 1864, with General A. J. Smith's column, it started to join General Banks' Red River expedition. At the taking of Fort De Russy the regiment was in reserve, and at the battle of Pleasant Hill it fought valiantly, losing 64 men, out of seven companies, three being on picket duty in the rear. On the retreat of Banks' army the regiment had its share of the fighting constantly taking place. At Mansura, Louisiana, it lost 3 wounded, and at Bayou de Glaize, 3 killed, 17 wounded and 1 missing. After returning to Vicksburg, the regiment was in General Smith's force which fought the battle of Lake Chicot to clear the river of Marmaduke's blockade. In a few minutes the regiment lost about 20. It then proceeded to Memphis, and with its command was engaged in the Tupelo campaign. With the 12th Iowa it formed a part of the brigade of Colonel Woods and participated in the battle of Tupelo. It returned to Memphis and was engaged in the Oxford expedition. At the battle of Nashville its brigade fought with conspicuous gallantry and great loss, and the 35th engaged in pursuit of the Confederates, afterward marching to Clifton. The regiment was soon transferred to the South, still in General Smith's army, to enter upon the Mobile campaign. and at Spanish Fort it did its full share of duty in the siege. It was mustered out August 10, 1865. Losses: killed in battle or died of wounds, 48; deaths from disease, 188; wounded, 95; discharged, 190.

Thirty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Charles W. Kittredge; Lieut.-Colonel Francis M. Drake; Majors, Thomas C. Woodward, Augustus H. Hamilton. The 36th rendezvoused at Keokuk in September, 1862, and was regularly mustered into the U. S. service on October 4. It left Keokuk about November 10, going down the river on two steamers, and made its first landing at Columbus, Kentucky, in the night, to assist in repelling an expected attack of the enemy. It reached Helena, Arkansas, December 31 and remained there until the latter part of the following February, when it embarked on steamers in the Yazoo Pass expedition, returning to Helena, April 8, the expedition comprising just 40 days and nights in the wilderness. The regiment remained here, making occasional forays into the country, until August 11, 1863, when it formed part of General Steele's army in his march on Little Rock. That place was captured on September 10, and the regiment entered the city two days afterward, encamping in the outskirts on the north side. In March, 1864, it was in the expedition under command of General Steele, the objective point being Camden, at the head of navigation on the Ouchita river, and the 36th bore the brunt of the battle on this march, at Elkin's ferry. It took part also in the battle of Prairie d'Ane, where the advance of the army skirmished for 12 miles and finally found the Confederates so strongly posted as to require three days to dislodge them. In April the regiment was in the brigade detailed to guard 240 wagons back to Pine Bluff, upon which expedition the battle of Marks' mills occurred and the regiment was captured. About 100 of the 36th left behind were in the battle of Jenkins' ferry. Those of the regiment who were not captured remained at Little Rock till early in March, 1865. when they were removed to St. Charles on the White river, and in May, to Devall's Bluff, where they were mustered out August 24, 1865. The regiment received some 70 recruits in March, 1864, at Little Rock, and had in it from first to last 1,205 officers and men. Its losses were: deaths from battle, 70; deaths from disease, 233; wounded, 146; discharged, 191.

Thirty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, George W. Kincaid; Lieut.-Colonel, George R. West; Major, Lyman Allen. It was a wonderful expression of loyalty and patriotism that Iowa furnished to the states in the going forth of this regiment, known as the "Graybeard regiment." composed of men who had already sent their sons and grandsons to the war. History furnishes no parallel—where the fathers of the soldiers, themselves too old to be received as volunteers, buckled on their armor and asked the government to take them into the ranks of the army. They were all above 45—some were over 60. In response to this appeal, a special order was issued by the secretary of war, to permit their entering the Federal service, and stipulating that they should serve in performing only guard and garrison duty. The regiment was organized at Camp Strong, Muscatine, and mustered in December 15, 1862. Made up of sturdy, healthy and able-bodied men, the regiment made a fine appearance, and from its unusual history attracted much attention in St. Louis, where it arrived January 1, 1863, and was quartered in Benton barracks. In the following May it was ordered to guard bridges on the Pacific railroad west of St. Louis, with headquarters at Franklin. In July it was sent to Alton, Illinois, where it guarded prisoners until January. 1864, and then was assigned to similar duty at Rock Island. In June it was ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, and placed on picket and guard duty. It furnished the guard every other day for the provision train from Memphis to Lagrange, Tennessee, and Holly Springs, Mississippi. While engaged on this duty, the train was fired into by guerrillas in ambush and 2 men of the regiment were killed and 2 slightly wounded. In August, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Indianapolis, Indiana, and from there five companies were sent to Cincinnati to guard prisoners. The remaining five companies guarded for a time the Confederate prisoners at Camp Morton, when three companies were sent to Columbus and the remaining two to Gallipolis. About the middle of May, 1865, the regiment was reunited at Cincinnati, and on May 24, it was mustered out at Davenport, the first of those enlisted from Iowa for three years. Its losses during its term of service were as follows: deaths from battle, 3; deaths from disease, 145; wounded, 2; discharged, 359.

Thirty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, D. Henry Hughes; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph O. Hudnutt; Majors, Charles Chadwick, Hinkley F. Beebe. The story of this regiment is short and melancholy. As an organization it never saw a battle, and yet no Iowa regiment in the service lost so many soldiers in so short a time. Out of a full strength of 910, not less than 311 were dead within a year and a half, and another 110 had been discharged as broken down too much to serve. This was well on to every other man, and without a battle. It is doubtful if any command in all the United States service suffered as this regiment did. It died at its post fighting the deadly malaria of Southern swamps. No regiment entered the service with higher hopes than did the 38th Iowa, at Dubuque on November 4, 1862. In two days it was at Benton barracks near St. Louis. On December 28, on board the steamer Platte Valley, it started down the Mississippi river for Columbus, Kentucky, and in three days was being led against the supposed enemy at Union City. In January, 1863, the command was ordered back to Columbus and down the river to New Madrid, where it guarded Fort Thompson for nearly six months, the duties being neither arduous nor dangerous. In June it went by steamer Daniel Taylor to Young's point, and by June 15 had crossed the Mississippi and was under the guns of Vicksburg, forming a part of General Grant's extreme left line. The location where this particular regiment lay was extremely unhealthy. It was on the edge of a dismal cypress swamp, whose miasmatic vapors poisoned the blood of the whole command, sending to their graves hundreds of the noble men who had gone there willing to sacrifice life and limb in assaulting the works of a foeman, less to be dreaded, as it proved, than the sickly vapors of the swamp. In fact the guns of the Confederate forts killed but a single man of the 38th during the siege. On July 27 the regiment was at Port Hudson, Louisiana, where commenced the awful and fatal fevers inherited by the men at that cypress swamp by Vicksburg. By August 13 so many men were down with fever that the morning report showed but 8 officers and 20 men of this big, fine regiment fit for duty. Those who survived took part in the Texas campaign and on December 12, 1864, were consolidated with the remnant of the 34th Iowa under the latter name. The losses of the 38th were as follows: deaths from battle, 1; deaths from disease, 314; wounded, 2; discharged, 117.

Thirty-ninth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry J. B. Cummings, Joseph M. Griffiths, James Redfield; Lieut.-Colonels, James Redfield, Joseph M. Griffiths, George N. Elliott; Majors, Joseph M. Griffiths, George N. Elliott, Isaac D. Marsh. Most of the companies of this regiment rendezvoused at Des Moines, but were ordered to Davenport, where they were joined by the remainder, and the regiment was mustered into service November 24, 1862. On December 12 it started for Cairo to report to  Brigadier-General Tuttle and arrived on the 14th. It was soon afterward ordered South, and on the 26th, it arrived at Trenton, Mississippi, suffering from exposure to rain and lack of sleep. The first march of the 39th was entered upon at dark on December 27, each man with five days' rations and 100 rounds of ammunition. Upon the morning of the second day over 100 men, too worn out and footsore to proceed, were left by the way. Attempting to make their way back, they were surrounded at Shady Grove by a regiment of Forrest's cavalry and 101 made prisoners. It was October of 1863 before they were released from captivity and rejoined their regiment. On December 31, 1862, the 2nd brigade, which included the 39th Iowa and numbered 1,545 men, moved out alone toward Lexington, came in contact with Forrest's command, numbering from 6,000 to 7,000, and there resulted the battle of Parker's cross-roads, where the regiment, by its bravery in battle, proved itself worthy of the trust of its loyal state and its brave comrades in the field. On April 15, 1863, General Dodge's division, to which the regiment belonged, moved out to cover the raid of Colonel Streight into Georgia. At Bear creek the enemy disputed the passage, but a pontoon was thrown over and the division moved to Tuscumbia, skirmishing constantly until arriving at Town creek, Alabama. The enemy under Roddey was there reinforced by Forrest and contested the crossing, but after an artillery duel, three bridges were built under fire and the enemy retired. On May 6 Co. H, while guarding a corral, was surrounded by 800 Confederate cavalry and mostly taken prisoners. The regiment was then on guard duty until March, 1864, when it took up a line of march for Athens, Alabama, and April 30 moved for Chattanooga, where its division set out for Sherman's Atlanta campaign. In Dodge's command it was the first through Snake Creek gap. On May 9, with five companies of 9th Illinois mounted infantry, it engaged in a skirmish with Confederate cavalry. It led the army in crossing the Oostanaula at Lay's ferry, where it had a severe engagement with the enemy and suffered considerable loss in killed and wounded. This movement resulted in the enemy's evacuating Resaca. On October 4 it was ordered to Allatoona, where it arrived at 1 a. m. on the 5th. That day, under Corse, in the battle of Allatoona, it made its name glorious in history, by its heroism and sacrifices, but lost three-fifths of its number. On October 13 it crossed to the south side of the Etowah river, skirmishing with Confederate cavalry and driving them from the neighborhood. On November 16, in Corse's division, the regiment joined in the brilliant march to the sea. It engaged in the skirmishing with the enemy on nearing Savannah, and entered that city with the army. It joined in the march of Sherman's army northward through the Carolinas, its labors, its adventures and its fighting. The march concluded at Washington, it participated in the grand review, and remained there in camp until June 5, when it was mustered out and went home to Iowa, its loyal mission in the war fulfilled. Its losses during its service were: deaths from battle, 62; deaths from disease, 122; wounded, 113; discharged, 123.

Fortieth Infantry.—Colonel, John A. Garrett; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel F. Cooper; Majors, Sherman G. Smith, Lawson A. Duncan. The last of three years' regiments to fill its ranks and enter the field was the 40th, which was mustered into service at Iowa City November 15, 1862. On December 17 it was ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, which was threatened by an attack from Forrest. It remained there and at Paducah until May 31, 1863, when it was ordered to join in the Vicksburg campaign. It was stationed on the Yazoo river in the vicinity of Haynes' and Snyder's bluffs, as a part of the army of observation, to prevent Johnston's reinforcing Pemberton in Vicksburg. On July 23 the regiment was embarked for Helena and in a few days it marched with General Steele's army on Little Rock. It remained at the latter place until March, 1864, when it marched out on the ill-fated expedition, designed to aid General Banks in the unfortunate Red River campaign. At Okalona, the regiment was engaged with the enemy, and it was also engaged at Prairie d'Ane, where 7 of the regiment were wounded. During the battle of Jenkins' ferry, the 40th did not fight in a body, but all the companies fought bravely and well, four under Colonel Garrett being in a position to lose more men in proportion to their number than any other regiment engaged. Out of less than 100 men, 45 were lost. On November 20, thirty men of the 40th, on the steamer Alamo on the Arkansas river, were attacked and followed along the river near Dardanelle by Confederate cavalry, and a sharp fight of an hour and a half ensued. The Federals fired from behind sacks of oats, which received the balls of the enemy, and 2 Confederates were killed and 1 wounded. In the early part of 1865, Colonel Garrett was assigned to the command of the District of South Kansas, with headquarters at Fort Gibson, I. T., and his regiment remained with him till mustered out at Fort Gibson on August 2, 1865. The losses of the regiment during its term of service were: deaths from battle, 15; deaths from disease, 186; wounded, 43; discharged, 133.

Forty-first Infantry Battalion.—Major, John Pattee. The organization of this regiment was never fully completed and it was designated as the 41st battalion of Iowa infantry. It was formed by Cos. A, B and C of the 14th Iowa, now formally detached from that regiment, together with others already enlisted for the 41st. Before the complete organization of the 14th, the first three companies had been detached by order of General Fremont and sent to Fort Randall, Dakota on special duty. Here they performed the various duties of protecting, scouting, garrisoning, etc., being nominally a part of the 14th infantry. On September 18. 1862, they were officially separated from the 14th and designated as the 41st battalion of Iowa infantry. The battalion continued in the performance of the same duties as heretofore, making frequent and rapid marches to protect settlers and various scouting expeditions, such as pertain to a western outpost. In April. 1863, by order of the governor of Iowa, approved by the war department, the 41st battalion Iowa infantry was transferred as Cos. K, L and M, to the 7th Iowa cavalry then forming, and from that date, its history is embraced in that of its regiment. During its service as a battalion its loss was 2 died from disease, and 15 discharged.

The Hundred Days Men (The 44th, 45th, 46th and 47th Regiments, and the 48th Battalion of Iowa Infantry).—Colonels, 44th, Stephen H. Henderson; 45th, Alvah H. Bereman; 46th, David B. Henderson; 47th, James P. Sanford; Lieut.-Colonels, 44th, Henry Egbert; 45th, Samuel A. Moore; 46th, Lorenzo D. Durbin; 47th, John Williams; 48th, Oliver H. P. Scott; Majors, 44th, Josiah Hopkins; 45th, James B. Hope; 46th, George L. Torbert; 47th, George J. North. These regiments were mustered into the service mostly in June, 1864, and performed willing and loyal duty. The 44th, 45th and 46th were held in Tennessee, garrisoning posts and guarding railways. The 47th was sent to Helena, Arkansas, where it suffered much from the malaria of that unhealthful locality. The 48th battalion guarded prisoners at Rock island, in the Mississippi river. Colonel Henderson of the 46th reported an engagement between some of his men and the enemy at Collierville, Tennessee, about the middle of August. Captain Wolf and 16 men were sent to rescue, if possible, 2 men of the 6th Illinois cavalry, captured by the enemy, and in the attempt Wolf and 3 of his men were wounded—the captain and 1 man severely. At the end of the time for which they had enlisted, these four regiments and the battalion were honorably mustered out, having faithfully and with credit accomplished their mission. The loss of the 44th was 1 death from battle, and 15 from disease; of the 45th, 3 from battle, 18 from disease, and 1 wounded; of the 46th, 3 from battle, 23 from disease, and 21 wounded; of the 47th, 1 death from battle, and 46 from disease; and of the 48th, 4 deaths from disease.

Iowa Colored Regiment.—Colonel, John C. Hudson; Lieut.-Colonels, Milton F. Collins, Gardiner A. A. Deane; Major, John L. Murphy. Iowa had a regiment of colored soldiers in the service, though many of its members were enlisted from Missouri. It was thought impossible to rendezvous a regiment of ex-slaves in Missouri, and so Governor Kirkwood permitted and directed the enlistments at Keokuk. It was 000 strong, and almost every single arms-bearing black man in the state shouldered his musket and joined the regiment. The command was known at first as the 1st Iowa colored regiment, but later it was designated as the 60th U. S. regiment of African descent. It saw much garrison service at St. Louis, Helena and elsewhere, though but little fighting. Its adjutant was killed in a battle back of Helena, July 26, 1864. The losses of the regiment during its term of service were as follows: deaths from battle, 7; deaths from disease. 337; wounded, 1; discharged, 40.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, Fitz-Henry Warren, James O. Gower. Daniel Anderson, William Thompson; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles E. Moss, P. Gad Bryan, Daniel Anderson, Joseph W. Caldwell, Alexander G. McQueen; Majors, E. W. Chamberlain, James O. Gower, William M. G. Torrence, P. Gad Bryan, Daniel Anderson, Joseph W. Caldwell, Levi Chase, William Thompson, Alexander G. McQueen, James D. Jenks, John McDermott, Thomas A. Bereman, William S. Whisenand. This famous regiment was organized June 5, 1861, and ordered into quarters at Benton barracks near St. Louis about the middle of October in the same year. It was composed of twelve companies, aggregating 1,095 men, and by additional enlistments soon numbered 1,245. The middle and western portion of Missouri was the highway to the so-called Southern Confederacy for recruits, sympathizers and bushwhackers, and during the entire winter of 186102 eight companies of the regiment were engaged in patrolling this region. Ever on the alert, their engagements and skirmishes were numerous. The first battle in which the regiment was engaged occurred on Black river (called Blackwater), where Cos. A, B, D, F, G and I, with about 60 of the 4th U. S. cavalry, attacked and captured about 1,300 Confederate recruits, 1,000 stands of arms and all the camp equipage. On January 8, 1862, a Confederate camp was attacked and destroyed on Silver creek, Missouri, and a week later the regiment was in a raid to Warsaw, where it attacked and captured the Confederate pickets, charged into town and captured several prisoners. All of the early part of the following summer the regiment spent in scouts and raids, with here and there an important skirmish. In July the notorious guerrilla chief Quantrill was encountered by a few companies of the 1st cavalry on the wooded cliffs of Big creek in Cass county. The regiment swept down on him like a whirlwind and in less than 30 minutes Quantrill and his band were scattered in all directions, the loss of the 1st Iowa being 2 killed and 10 wounded. A small detachment, sent out to capture some beef cattle belonging to Confederates, encountered a large band of guerrillas in the timber on Clear creek, about 2 miles from Taberville, and a short but spirited engagement ensued, in which the detachment was victorious, with a loss of 4 killed and 14 wounded. In December the 1st took part in an important expedition to Van Buren, Arkansas, resulting in a defeat of some Confederates and the capture of immense stores. On August 18, 1862, the army crossed the White river at Clarendon, Arkansas, and on the 27th was fought the battle of Bayou Meto, in which the regiment took a prominent part, driving the enemy across the bayou and making a dashing charge to save the only bridge across that deep and miry stream from destruction. In this charge the regiment lost 1 killed and 36 wounded, 1 mortally. The regiment then took the advance of the cavalry in the move on Little Rock. On December 8 a force of 260 men, with detachments of other regiments and a section of artillery, marched toward Arkadelphia. A few miles south of Princeton, Dallas county, they encountered a force of the enemy numbering 800. The 1st Iowa cavalry being in the advance, dismounted and drove them from their position, taking 39 prisoners, together with arms and camp equipage. In January, 1864, 500 of the regiment reenlisted and on March 23, waiving their right to a veteran furlough at that time, joined the 7th army corps and took a prominent part in all the operations of the Camden expedition. In this movement the regiment engaged and routed General Price's forces at Elkin's ferry, losing in killed and wounded 11 men. It was again in the advance from this place to Prairie d'Ane, a distance of 12 miles, skirmishing with the enemy the entire distance. Being on the right in the engagement which followed, it was the first to enter the Confederate works. It was again ordered to the front and engaged the enemy at Camden cross-roads, about 15 miles from Camden, at 7 o'clock in the morning. The fight lasted for six hours, when Brigadier-General Rice ordered up the dismounted men of the regiment to deploy as skirmishers, and the enemy, stubbornly contesting the ground, was driven back through the city of Camden on the evening of the same day. On the 17th a detachment of the regiment, with detachments of other regiments, marched about 20 miles down the Washita river and captured a steamboat laden with corn and other quartermaster and commissary supplies. The loss of the regiment during this whole campaign was S killed, 3 taken prisoners and 25 wounded, a number severely, who died a few days afterward. The campaign being now virtually ended, the veteran portion of the regiment, 520 strong, was relieved from duty and ordered home on veteran furlough. On their way to Pine Bluff they were attacked by a column of Confederates at Moro creek. After a heroic resistance they fell back to Steele's main army on its way to Little Rock, and with him engaged in the battle of Saline river. On June 20 the regiment, its furlough expired, again left the state for the front and on July 28 was at Macon, Missouri. On January 14, 1865, a detachment of the 1st Iowa and other regiments, was ordered by boat about 100 miles up the Arkansas river to Dardanelle, at which place they engaged a Confederate force of 1,600 men under General Cooper, killing and wounding 90. By February 17 the regiment had gone to Memphis, in the vicinity of which city it remained, scouting occasionally, till June 1S, when General Grant ordered the command to march from Alexandria, Louisiana, to Texas. On January 31, 1866, orders were received for muster-out, and after nearly five years of arduous and most faithful service in preserving the integrity of the nation, with not a single stain to dim the brightness of its escutcheon, it was mustered out, and returned home, where the patriot soldier became an honored citizen. Its total number of enlistments were 2,187, and the number of casualties 551.

Second Cavalry.—Colonels, Washington L. Elliott, Edward Hatch, Datus E. Coon; Lieut.-Colonels, Edward Hatch, William P. Hepburn, Charles C. Horton; Majors, Edward Hatch, William P. Hepburn, Datus E. Coon, Hiram W. Love, Frank A. Kendrick, William W. Eaton, Charles C. Horton, Gustavus Schnitzer, Charles P. Moore, Samuel Foster. The 2nd cavalry was mustered in at Davenport August 25, 1861, and March, 1862, found it aiding General Pope in the reduction of New Madrid and Island No. 10, a squad of the regiment being the first Union soldiers to enter the works at the latter place. By May 1 Pope's army was assisting in the celebrated siege of Corinth, which followed the battle of Shiloh, and on May 9 the 2nd made the famous charge at Farmington, in which 100 men were unhorsed and half as many killed or wounded. On May 28 the regiment with the 2nd Michigan cavalry, dashed around to the south of Corinth in the night, destroyed the railroad in the Confederate rear, together with large supplies, and captured many prisoners. On July 1 these same regiments fought the cavalry battle of Booneville. With September of 1862, hard riding, scouts and skirmishes commenced again. After a ride of 45 miles and skirmishing with the enemy, the regiment stood to horse all night at the battle of Iuka. Soon came the battle of Corinth, and the extent of that victory was greatly added to by the extraordinary activity, by day and by night, of the 2nd Iowa cavalry. "It has been the eye of the army," said Rosecrans with truth, for it had guarded every road in the vicinity, scouted everywhere, and at last was present in the battle. In November and December, the regiment took a constant and important part in Grant's great move through central Mississippi toward Vicksburg. It was present at the unnecessary defeat at Coffeeville, where the Union troops engaged were barely saved from utter rout and the regiment lost 22 men killed and wounded. It then followed Grant's army as a rear-guard in its retreat toward Memphis and went into winter quarters at Lagrange. The early spring saw it riding all over northern Mississippi in little expeditions and scouts, and by April 16 it was ready to start on what was known as the Grierson raid. "This was one of the most brilliant cavalry exploits of the war," said General Grant. The regiment then went to Memphis, where it remained in quiet till the end of November. On March 28, 1864, many of the regiment reenlisted as veterans and in April went to Iowa on furlough. The following summer was largely spent in raiding and scouting through Mississippi and middle Tennessee, without any engagements of great consequence, although it participated in the fight at Tupelo. But by the middle of November it was engaged in the hardest campaign of its history—resisting Hood's invasion of Tennessee. With headquarters near Florence, Alabama, it watched and fought his advance, step by step, formed with Coon's brigade the rear-guard of the Federal army as it fell back to Franklin, and in the battle there played an important part on the left. Then followed the battle of Nashville, in which the gallant regiment, with the whole of Hatch's division, dismounted and fought as infantry, storming and capturing forts and driving the enemy in dismay. This was the regiment's last active campaign. The following spring and summer were passed in unimportant duties in Mississippi and in October, 1865, it was mustered out. Its losses during its term of service were as follows: deaths from battle, 69; deaths from disease, 196; wounded, 173; discharged, 171.

Third Cavalry.—Colonels, Cyrus Bussey, Henry C. Caldwell, John W. Noble; Lieut.-Colonels, Henry H. Trimble, Henry C. Caldwell, John W. Noble, George Duffield, Benjamin S. Jones; Majors, Carlton H. Perry, Henry C. Caldwell, William C. Drake, George Duffield, Oliver H. P. Scott, John W. Noble, Gilman C. Mudgett, Benjamin S. Jones, John C. McCrary, Peter H. Walker, Cornelius A. Stanton, George Curkendall. This regiment, more than 1,000 strong, was raised, organized and equipped by Colonel Cyrus Bussey at the request of Major-General Fremont. Colonel Bussey was a cavalry officer of the first order and his command was thoroughly drilled and disciplined while at Benton barracks in the early winter of 1861. Cos. E, F, G and H were sent to Jefferson City on December 12, and nearly two years passed away before the gallant command was again united. Early in February, 1862, the remainder of the regiment, eight companies, was ordered to Rolla, where another division occurred, Cos. I and K being sent to garrison the town of Salem. At Springfield Co. L was detailed to garrison the town while the remainder of the regiment marched on through severe cold and without rations till it joined General Curtis at Sugar creek. The regiment's first engagement was in beating off the Confederates who were attacking Sigel at Bentonville. Then came the ever memorable battle of Pea ridge, where out of 235 men engaged the regiment lost 25 killed, 17 wounded and 9 missing. In the severe little battle of Salem, the two companies left to guard that place were engaged and rendered effective service. _ The summer of 1862 and the winter following were spent by the regiment in active service, although it participated in none of the more noted combats. During the siege of Vicksburg it was prominent among the Federal forces and after the surrender accompanied General Sherman's army, then moving to attack Joe Johnston. In the disastrous fight at Guntown, Mississippi, the 3d and 4th Iowa cavalry not only fought bravely and splendidly, resisting desperate charges, but they saved the army on the disastrous retreat. They twice repulsed the enemy in the main conflict and fired the last gun in the retreat. For 54 hours the men were in the saddle, fighting the greater part of the time without forage for their horses or food for themselves. At Ripley, on the retreat, the 3d was again under severe fire and bravely resisted superior numbers of the victorious Confederate army, checking and defeating them. The regiment lost some 60 or 70 men in the unfortunate expedition, the only feature of which that redeemed it from disgrace being the heroism of the cavalry brigade. Scarcely was the regiment in camp at Memphis before it was ordered to march against Forrest again, this time with the expedition of General A. J. Smith to Tupelo, and at Oldtown, the day after the battle of Tupelo, in a splendid charge it won new laurels for itself and the state. In October, the regiment joined General Pleasonton near Independence, Missouri, just as an engagement was going on. It was at once led into the conflict and fought till 10 o'clock that night, driving the enemy for several miles into Kansas. Early the next morning was fought the battle of the Big Blue, in which the regiment participated in a magnificent charge that drove the enemy and resulted in the capture of several battleflags, prisoners and other trophies of victory. The regiment lost about 20 men. A swift and terrible pursuit of the enemy was made, and on the morning of the 25th the cavalry charged on and routed a strong force from its chosen position, practically ending the career of Price's flying army. In this campaign the 3d cavalry lost nearly 50 men. By the first of the year 1865, the two parts of the regiment were united at Louisville, where they were at once remounted and newly equipped to take part in the last campaign of the war, the great raid of General Wilson, in which it bore an honorable and conspicuous part. On April 21 the regiment reached Macon, Georgia, with the rest of the expeditionary forces and there learned that the cruel war had come to an end. It was soon after mustered out and reached home on May 15. It lost during its service, in deaths from battle, 86; deaths from disease, 230; wounded, 163; discharged, 308.

Fourth Cavalry.—Colonels, Asbury Porter, Edward F. Winslow; Lieut.-Colonels, T. Drummond, Simeon D. Swan, John H. Peters; Majors, Simeon D. Swan, John E. Jewett, George A. Stone, Benjamin Rector, Alonzo B. Parkell, Edward F. Winslow, Cornelius F. Spearman, John H. Peters, Abial R. Pierce, William W. Woods, Edward W. Dee. The 4th Iowa was one of the distinguished cavalry regiments of the West. It was mustered in at its rendezvous of Camp Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, in November, 1861, and spent the winter there learning the art of war. It went to the front with the army of Curtis in Missouri in March, 1862. The following summer it made the extraordinarily hard march from southwestern Missouri through Arkansas against Little Rock, nearly to that capital, and thence to Helena on the Mississippi river. It remained at the latter place during the winter with no chance for war's excitements. But the early May days of 1863 saw the 4th Iowa cavalry taking a conspicuous part in Grant's great campaign against Vicksburg. From Port Gibson to Jackson it was the advance guard, holding a post of honor in the front of Sherman's corps, while from Jackson to Vicksburg it was the rear-guard of the whole army, keeping back its pursuers. It was, until long after Vicksburg was invested, the only regiment of cavalry in that army, and was in a state of incessant activity under the daily urgent calls for cavalry service. The regiment took part in the second Jackson campaign, and until the close of the year 1863, engaged in numerous important expeditions and raids in Mississippi, notably the one from Vicksburg to Memphis in August, in which great loss of property and army transportation was inflicted on the enemy. February of 1864 saw the regiment on the Meridian campaign with General Sherman, being at that time a veteran command, having been the first from Iowa to reenlist. Enormous damage was done to railroads and property on this raid, and the cavalry skirmished with the enemy daily for 150 miles. Immediately after the Meridian raid the veterans of the regiment started home on furlough. In May Lieut.-Colonel Peters led the regiment on a raid from Memphis in search of Forrest, followed by the disastrous expedition under General Sturgis to Guntown. In the brilliant Federal victory at Tupelo the regiment did its full measure of duty and shared in the honors of that successful expedition of General A. J. Smith. On October 21, 1864, the regiment joined General Pleasonton, near Independence, Missouri, and the following day fought the battle of the Big Blue river, driving the Confederates out on an

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182 The Union Army open prairie and routing them completely. Two days later the cavalry overtook the Confederates at the Marais des Cygnes river, when another victory was won, the 4th and 3d Iowa cavalry charging a force having 5,000 men in the front line, and capturing 1,000 prisoners, including Generals Marmaduke and Cabell. Five cannon and several battle flags were among the trophies of victory. The pursuit was continued on through Missouri, Arkansas and the Indian territory, the campaign being one of extraordinary marches and extreme hardships. The following March found the regiment concentrated with other troops at Eastport, Mississippi, for Wilson's great raid to Selma, Columbus and Macon. After some garrison duty near Atlanta, and some chasing over Georgia in search of the flying head of the Confederacy, the 4th Iowa cavalry was mustered out, August 10, at Atlanta, Georgia, and carried home with it a name and a fame of which not only its members, but all Iowa was proud. Its record of losses during its term of service was as follows: deaths from battle, 55; deaths from disease, 196; wounded, 119; discharged, 239

Fifth Cavalry.—Colonels, William W. Lowe, John M. Young; Lieut.-Colonels, Matthewson T. Patrick, Harlan Baird, Erastus G. McNeely; Majors, Carl S. Boernstein, William Kelsay, Alfred B. Brackett, Harlan Baird, John M. Young. Jeremiah C. Wilcox, Charles A. B. Langdon, J. M. Limbocker, William C. McBeath. The 5th cavalry was composed of companies from different states and can scarcely be called an Iowa regiment. It was originally known as the "Curtis Horse," organized by order of General Fremont. Before the close of the war there were consolidated with it two companies of the 5th Iowa infantry, the fragments that were left of that regiment after a glorious career. Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri all had companies in the regiment, and its colonel, W. W. Lowe, was a captain of the regular army. It did not get to the front till near the spring of 1862, and even then was kept for a whole year in the neighborhood of Forts Henry and Heiman, Tennessee. Much guard duty, reconnoitering and scouting were done during the spring and summer. In one of the forays, made in May by a part of the command to the little town of Paris, it was surprised and half the men present were killed, wounded or captured. In June, the regiment, by order, gave up its title of the "Curtis Horse," and from then on was designated as the 5th Iowa cavalry. Late the following August Fort Donelson was attacked by 800 Confederate cavalry and infantry, but they were repulsed. The 5th pursued and had a spirited fight with them at Cumberland iron works. The autumn was spent at Fort Heiman, with here and there a serious scout or raid. All the spring and early summer of 1863 the regiment spent in garrisoning Fort Donelson and scouting in the neighborhood. About midsummer the command was transferred to Murfreesboro, where it became a part of the force under General Rosecrans, and all that autumn the men rode up and down Tennessee chasing and capturing guerrillas. On October 9 the command rushed on to a retreating column of Wheeler at Sugar creek and charged it with such impetuosity as to kill 30 of the Confederates, wound as many more, and capture 100. The regiment went into camp at Maysville and while there a picked force of 400 men made a rapid movement to the Tennessee river above Decatur, captured a lot of Confederate ferry boats, and cleared the river of Confederates and guerrillas for many miles. On New Year, 1864, the regiment had reenlisted, and shortly after went home on furlough, but the early spring saw the men again in the saddle. In July they entered on the famous Rousseau raid, which was a great success and resulted in the destruction of immense amounts of Confederate war material, bridges, iron works, railroads, etc. Then after a little rest it took part in General McCook's unfortunate raid to the Macon railroad, in which it fought well, but its losses were severe, 120 being killed, wounded or missing. In all the severe operations about Atlanta, whether on horse or on foot, the regiment did its hard and varied duties nobly—in fact very nearly used itself up as a body of cavalry. Its horses were all done for, and the men, dismounted, fought in the trenches. By the end of November it was again mounted and equipped as cavalry and was at the front, disputing the march of Hood's army into Tennessee. Its first important conflict was at Duck river, after which the regiment fell back with the army to Nashville, and when the great battle before that city was fought it took part at the extreme right, where it suffered but little. In the pursuit of Hood, which nearly annihilated his whole army, the regiment was very active, repeatedly overtaking and engaging his cavalry, with some loss. The close of the year found the regiment encamped on Elk river, resting and preparing for the great raid under Wilson to Selma and Macon, and in all that wonderful movement the 5th cavalry was always at the front. It then joined in the search through Georgia for Jefferson Davis, who was flying for his life, and when he was captured a company of the regiment guarded him from Atlanta to Augusta. On the way back from Augusta, the company captured the assets of the Bank of Tennessee, amounting to $8,000,000 of Federal money, $1,000,000 of it in silver and gold. Early in August the brave regiment, after years of hardship, heroic battling and faithful service, went home and was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa. Its losses were as follows: in deaths from battle, 56; deaths from disease, 132; wounded, 56; discharged. 224.

Sixth Cavalry.—Colonels, David S. Wilson, Samuel M. Pollock; Lieut. Colonels, Samuel M. Pollock, Edward P. Ten Broeck; Majors, Edward P. Ten Broeck, Thomas H. Shephard, Albert E. House, John Galligan, De Witt C. Cram. This regiment was recruited in different parts of the state, in a wide belt of country extending from the northeastern to the southwestern parts of it. The regimental rendezvous was near the city of Davenport, where eight of the companies were mustered into the U. S. service on January 31, 1863. Three of the companies were mustered a very few days afterward and the twelfth company on March 5. The regiment at this time had a few more than 1,100 names on its rolls, but they were constantly being increased by additional enlistments, so that when it left the rendezvous for active service not long afterwards it was nearly up to the maximum standard of a cavalry regiment. The regiment served during its term of enlistment in the war against the Indians, and its record in the field brought no discredit to the fair fame of Iowa soldiers. It had hard marches, far away from the comforts or advantages of civilization; fought barbarous foes, usually in overwhelming numbers, and was always victorious. The regiment was nearly always more or less divided, garrisoning different posts, scouting and marching in different directions, making a succinct history of its arduous services almost impossible. During its term of service its losses were as follows: deaths from battle, 25; deaths from disease, 66; wounded, 19; discharged, 87.

Seventh Cavalry.—Colonels, Samuel W. Summers, Herman H. Heath; Lieut.-Colonel, John Pattee; Majors, Herman H. Heath, George W. O'Brien, John S. Wood, James B. David. The formation of the 7th cavalry proceeded slowly, and it was finally organized at Camp Hendershott, Davenport, in the summer of 1863, by a consolidation of companies which had been previously assigned to other organizations. Two companies were mustered into service on April 27, two more the day following, two more on June 3, one on the 16th, and one on July 13. Meanwhile, three companies of the 41st infantry and a company of Sioux City independent cavalry, were transferred to this regiment by orders of the war department. Nearly a month before the completion of the organization, Major Heath marched for Omaha, Nebraska, with six companies of the regiment, which were stationed at different posts in the territory. In September Colonel Summers, with the headquarters of the regiment, and the two companies which had been left at Davenport, marched also to Omaha, at which place headquarters remained until about the middle of July, 1864. But during the entire service _ of the regiment the different companies were scattered over a wide extent of territory, each actively engaged in the heavy duties required of troops at frontier posts, in a country constantly threatened and frequently invaded by a savage enemy. They garrisoned posts, escorted trains, protected emigrants, guarded lines of travel and telegraph, and had frequent combats with the Indians who had been induced by some means to unbury the tomahawk and wage savage warfare against the whites. The loss of the regiment during its term of service was as follows: deaths from battle, 49; deaths from disease, 99; wounded, 8; discharged, 246.

Eighth Cavalry.—Colonels, Joseph B. Dorr, Horatio G. Barner; Lieut.-Colonel, Horatio G. Barner; Majors, J. J. Brown, James D. Thompson, A. J. Price, Richard Root, John H. Isett, E. Shurtz, J. W. Moore, John Dance, George W. Burns. The 8th cavalry saw little of real war until the spring of 1864, when it started with Sherman in the celebrated campaign for Atlanta. The regiment had been organized late in the previous autumn at Davenport. It left Iowa in the middle of October and by the middle of November was stationed at Waverly and other points west of Nashville, Tennessee, where it remained on guard and garrison duty all the winter, with little opportunity for showing the pluck of its soldiers and no chance at all for distinction. May-day, 1864, brought on the new campaign, and the 8th Iowa was made a part of the 1st brigade of McCook's division of cavalry. In all that arduous campaign the regiment was constantly at the front, and when the Confederates, after weeks of constant skirmishing and battles, at last fell back behind the Chattahoochee, the 8th Iowa cavalry was the first troop across the river after them. So the fighting and the skirmishing went on around Atlanta, and then came that luckless raid of General McCook's to the Macon railroad, in which the regiment was captured near Newnan, only a few escaping through the woods to tell how heroically the command had tried to save itself. The late autumn found Colonel Dorr exchanged, and with his regiment, again ready for battle against General Hood, who was then invading Tennessee. It was engaged near Franklin, but quietly fell back with the main army to take an important part in the great battle and victory of Nashville. It participated in a charge on the first day of the battle and in the rapid pursuit of Hood, in which the whole Confederate army was nearly annihilated, the 8th cavalry did its full share of hard riding. Late in March; 1865, the regiment was at Chickasaw, Alabama, eager to join the other Iowa cavalry there in the grandest raid of the war—the march of Wilson to Selma, Columbus and Macon. On August 13, the regiment was mustered out at Macon and started for Iowa, its honorable and patriotic career complete. Its losses were as follows: deaths from battle, 16; deaths from disease, 168; wounded, 15; discharged, 64.

First Light Battery.—Captains, Charles H. Fletcher, Junius A. Jones, Henry H. Griffiths, William H. Gay; First Lieuts., Virgil J. David, Orrin W. Gambell, Thomas A. Ijams, James W. Williams. This battery was raised in July and August, 1861, at Burlington, and remained in that city until the December following, when it was ordered to Benton barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, where it received its armament of four 6-pounder guns and two 12-pounder howitzers, the battery numbering 141 men. It went by railroad to Rolla, Missouri, and marched with the army commanded by General Curtis to Cross Hollow, Arkansas. At the battle of Pea ridge it did good service, fired the first shot, suffered severely in loss of men and horses, had two caissons blown up, but through the gallantry of the men all the guns were saved from capture, and continued to fire through both days of the battle. The battery was honorably mentioned by brigade, division and army commanders. In June it marched to Helena, Arkansas, arriving in July, after a march of the greatest hardship to the entire army. On December 22 it formed a part of General Steele's division and took part in the action of Chickasaw bayou. It participated in the attack upon and capture of Arkansas Post and was presented with 2 fine captured Parrott guns by special order of Major-General McClernand. It then went down the Mississippi river to Sherman's landing, opposite Vicksburg, and debarked, after being 35 days on the transports. The battery was distinguished in the campaigns of Vicksburg and Atlanta, in both of which it won the kind mention of generals and the admiration of the armies with which it served. After an honorable career it was mustered out at Davenport July 5, 1865. Its losses during service were: deaths from battle, 10; deaths from disease, 52; wounded. 31; discharged, 35.

Second Light Battery.—Captains, Nelson T. Spoor, Joseph R. Reed, John W. Coons; First Lieuts., Joseph R. Reed, John W. Coons, John Burk, Daniel P. Walling; Second Lieuts., C. F. Reed, John Burk, J. E. Snyder. This battery was mustered into the service at Council Bluffs August 18, 1861, and its first service was in the siege of New Madrid. It went next to Corinth and participated in the fight at Farmington. When Stanley's division was struck in flank by the Confederates and on the point of disaster, and when other batteries were flying from the front, the 2nd Iowa by boldly holding its post and pouring a destructive fire of grape and canister into the on-rushing column, checked it and drove it from the field. For its gallantry the battery received Stanley's special thanks. Iuka was the battery's next engagement, and then came Corinth, where it again saved the day. It next went with Grant toward Vicksburg, but as the expedition came to grief at Holly Springs, the battery returned to near Memphis for the winter. In the spring and summer of 1863 it participated with the 15th corps in the Vicksburg campaign, then went to Jackson with Sherman and participated in the siege of that place. After the city fell the battery returned to the line of the Big Black, where it remained in camp until late in November, when it went on the line of the Memphis & Charleston railroad and remained at Lagrange, Tennessee, until February. Its next most important operation was the battle of Tupelo, in which it rendered valiant service. In September it went up the White river in Arkansas, and afterward marched north in pursuit of Price, but although it marched over 500 miles it never came up with the enemy. It then went to Nashville and participated in the battle there under General Thomas. It fired the first shot in front of the 16th corps and when the final crash in Hood's line occurred it was the first battery across his line, firing the last artillery shot at the retreating enemy. After the battle it joined in the pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee river, when it went into camp and remained until February, 1865. Then it was transferred to the Department of the Gulf, went to New Orleans and afterward to Mobile bay, participating in the siege of Mobile. It was mustered out at Davenport August 7, 1865. Losses during service: from battle, 2; from disease, 29; wounded, 15; discharged, 16.

Third Light Battery.—Captains, Mortimer M. Hayden, Melvil C. Wright, Orlo H. Lyon; Lieuts., W. H. McClure, H. H. Weaver, O. G. Day, J. J. Dengl, W. H. Gilford, W. H. Crozier, Jervine Bradley, Leroy S. House, Charles S. Martin, D. U. Lee, R. McFate. This battery was organized at Dubuque, in September, 1861. It was called the Dubuque battery, and for a time was attached to the 9th infantry. Its first active service was with Curtis in his campaign and battle of Pea ridge. Three days after the battle the army was moved southward, but after one day's march, took the back track and moved northward to Keithsville, where the battery remained until April, when the army commenced the march to Batesville, Arkansas, which point was reached about May 10. From Batesville General Curtis commenced his celebrated march to Helena, at which place the battery remained until General Steele's expedition against Little Rock was organized in August, 1863. Forming a portion of General Steele's forces in that expedition, the battery took part in the capture of the place, without any loss, and it also took part in the expedition of General Rice against Arkadelphia in October, 1863. In December 1863, and January, 1864, the men reenlisted as veterans and in February reenlisted men, with the officers, were sent north on furlough, from which they returned in May. At the expiration of the original term of service, September 26, 1864, the non-veterans were sent north, where they were mustered out on October 3. The veterans of a part of the battery next joined in an escort column, taking provisions from Little Rock to Fort Smith. Returning to Little Rock, the winter passed without noticeable events and the summer found the battery well equipped and ready for action. But no action came and it was mustered out October 23. Its losses during its term of service were as follows: deaths from battle, 4; deaths from disease, 33; wounded, 18; discharged, 27.

Fourth Light Battery.—Iowa had also a 4th battery of artillery, but it entered the service very late, saw little active field duty, and was in no battle. It was mustered in at Davenport in the autumn of 1863, with Philip H. Goode as captain, and Lieuts. Beatty, McClellan, Alexander, Ellsworth and Brown. It remained with General Sully in the West till February 22, 1864, when it arrived in New Orleans. It formed part of the guard of the city during the absence of Banks' army in the Red river campaign and afterward marched to Thibodeaux, where it remained until mustered out July 14, 1865. It was a splendidly equipped battery, and the men did the duty given them patriotically and well. The loss of the battery was 6 who died from disease and 11 discharged.


JAMES BAIRD WEAVER

Brigadier-General James B. Weaver, to whom the manuscript pertaining to "Military Affairs in Iowa" was referred for revision and correction, was born in Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1833, the son of Abram and Susan (Imley) Weaver, natives respectively of Hamilton county, Ohio, and the state of New Jersey. The grandfather and great-grandfather of General Weaver, on the paternal side, served in the Continental army during the war of the Revolution, the grandfather serving part of the time on a privateer. General Weaver received his preliminary education in the common schools of what was then a frontier country, his father having removed with his family to Michigan and from there to Iowa in 1843, locating in Davis county, where he became quite prominent and served as clerk of the district court for a period of eight years. Later he removed to the state of Kansas and served fourteen years as clerk of the district court of Atchison county, dying there at the advanced age of eighty-three years. After receiving a common school education the son took up the study of law, and after reading a short time entered the Cincinnati law school, where he graduated in 1855, after which he began the practice of his profession at Bloomfield, Iowa, where he was also the editor of a weekly paper for a few years before the Civil war. On April 15, 1861, one day in advance of the call upon the governor for troops, he enlisted as a private in Co. G, 2nd Iowa infantry, the first three-years' regiment to take the field from Iowa. It was mustered in May 27-28, Mr. Weaver being commissioned first lieutenant of his company, and the command left the state June 13 for St. Joseph, Missouri, where it remained on railroad guard duty and aided in maintaining order until the latter part of July. Then moving to Bird's Point it remained there engaged in similar service until the latter part of October, when it moved to St. Louis and spent a portion of the winter there, engaged in the duty of guarding prisoners and recuperating. At Fort Donelson it conducted itself splendidly as a part of Lauman's brigade which stormed the enemy's works on the left, the regiment leading the column, planting its flag within the outer works, pouring a murderous fire into the opposing lines and compelling the enemy to seek the shelter of the inner works. It participated at the battle of Shiloh, its brigade repulsing several assaults, and it also took part in the siege of Corinth and in the pursuit of Beauregard's forces. On the morning of the first day's engagement at Corinth, Mississippi, Lieut. Weaver was commissioned major of his regiment and at the close of the second day was promoted to colonel, the colonel and lieutenant-colonel both having been killed in the battle. Colonel Weaver moved with his regiment to La Grange, Tennessee, and later went into winter quarters at Pulaski, but on December 9 marched to Tuscumbia, Alabama, in pursuit of raiders, returning on the 23d. The regiment remained in the vicinity of Pulaski, where Colonel Weaver was post commander during the winter of 1863-64. On April 29, 1864, he joined Sherman's army in the movement toward Atlanta; participated in the battles of Resaca, Rome cross-roads, and numerous minor engagements, and upon May 27, 1864, his term of enlistment having expired, he was honorably mustered out of the service. On March 13, 1865, in recognition of his gallant and meritorious services in the field, President Lincoln conferred upon him the brevet title of brigadier-general of volunteers. Returning to his home in Iowa, General Weaver resumed the practice of law, and in 1865 was one of the prominent candidates for the nomination for lieutenant-governor in the Republican state convention, receiving the second highest vote. In 1866 he was elected district attorney in the 2nd judicial district and served for four years. In 1867 he was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the 1st district of Iowa by President Johnson and served in that position for six years. In 1875 he was a candidate for governor before the Republican state convention, and on the morning of the convention it was generally conceded that he would be nominated. He was an active and outspoken advocate of prohibition and the rigid enforcement of the prohibitory liquor law, and this aroused the bitter opposition of the license men. They saw that he was about to be nominated and secretly organized a movement to bring out the name of Samuel J. Kirkwood, the "old war governor," as the only way to defeat General Weaver. The ex-governor was not present, and when communicated with declined to become a candidate; but the license men presented his name in a dramatic manner, and by a prearranged plan had tremendous cheering started for Governor Kirkwood, thus stampeding the convention at the last moment and bringing about his nomination. Soon thereafter, owing to his pronounced views upon certain questions of national importance, chief of which was the financial issue, General Weaver left the Republican party and became one of the leaders of the National, or better known as the "Greenback" party. In 1878 he was nominated by the new party for representative in Congress in the 6th Iowa district and after a warm campaign was elected over the Republican candidate. In 1880 he was nominated by the national convention of the new party for president and at the ensuing election received about 350,000 votes. In 1884 he was again elected to Congress from the same district and reelected in 1886 by a coalition of the Populists and Democrats in opposition to the Republican candidate. In 1892 he was again nominated for president, this time by the People's party, and at the November election received 1,041,028 popular and 22 electoral votes, being the only third party candidate since 1860 who has succeeded in forcing his name into the electoral college. In 1896, when the Democratic party adopted the Chicago platform, embodying General Weaver's views on the financial and other questions, he allied himself with that organization and has since given it his loyal support. He is an ardent supporter of William J. Bryan, and as a member of the Democratic national convention of 1904 served on the committee on platform, giving effective aid to his leader in that memorable contest. General Weaver has given most of his time for many years to the advocacy of his political views and has long been recognized as one of the ablest among the national speakers and managers of his party, having made extensive speaking tours in all the states and territories, with the lone exception of Vermont. He is a fearless debater, and was the first man in modern times who, as a member of Congress, insisted on an amendment to the constitution providing for the election of United States senators by direct vote of the people. General Weaver was married on July 13, 1858, to Miss Clara Vinson, daughter of Cuthbert and Deborah (Sewers) Vinson, of Dorchester county, Md., and to this union there have been born eight children—Maud, James B. Jr., Paul, Susan, Abram, Laura, Ruth and Esther, all of whom are living except Paul, who died in infancy. General Weaver is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and fraternally he affiliates with the Masonic order and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.