Union Regiments by State

Connecticut

Source: The Union Army, Vol. I. Madison, Wisconsin: Federal Publishing Company, 1908.

Military Affairs in Connecticut
1861—65

The little State of Connecticut displayed in a striking manner the many sturdy qualities of her people throughout the period of the Civil war. Seldom, if ever, has any group of people found themselves more unprepared for the stern call of war than were the citizens of Connecticut when the final summons came. Practically all her sons had been trained to the peaceful walks of life and were practiced only in the ways of commerce and agriculture. Yet in the four long years of bloody strife, they developed a readiness and aptitude for warfare which gave the regiments of the state an individuality all their own, and gained for them a reputation for discipline, cleanly behavior and splendid courage, kindly remembered by the veterans of all the states. Her people, as was generally true throughout the North, were slow to believe that the Southern States were about to take the bold and decisive steps that spelled disunion. They felt that in some way, by some means, the demands of the South would be satisfied and war averted. But once the flag of the nation had been assailed by traitor hands and "Old Glory" trailed in the dust, the latent fires of patriotism leaped forth and no state gave a readier or more generous response to the call to arms. Without disparagement to the glorious services rendered by all the loyal states, it is proper to say that the record of her volunteer soldiery during the war will stand favorable comparison with that of any during the struggle.

In the words of Croffut, the military historian of the state: "The first great martyrs of the war—Ellsworth, Winthrop, Ward, and Lyon—were of Connecticut stock. A Connecticut general, with Connecticut regiments, opened the battle of Bull Run, and closed it; and a Connecticut regiment was marshaled in front of the farmhouse at Appomattox, when Lee surrendered to a soldier of Connecticut blood. A Connecticut flag first displaced the palmetto upon the soil of South Carolina; a Connecticut flag was first planted in Mississippi; a Connecticut flag was first unfurled before New Orleans. Upon the reclaimed walls of Pulaski, Donelson, Macon, Jackson, St. Philip, Morgan, Wagner, Sumter, Fisher, our state left its ineffaceable mark. The sons of Connecticut followed the illustrious grandson of Connecticut, as he swung his army with amazing momentum, from the fastnesses of Tennessee to the Confederacy's vital center. At Antietam, Gettysburg, and in all the fierce campaigns of Virginia, our soldiers won crimson glories; and at Port Hudson, they were the very first and readiest in that valiant little band—every man a Winkelreid, resolved to gather the shafts of flame into their bosoms to make a path for Liberty to tread. On the banks of every river of the South, and in the battle smoke of every contested ridge and mountain-peak, the sons of Connecticut have stood and patiently struggled. In every ransomed state we have a holy acre on which the storm has left its emerald waves."

The state was most fortunate in keeping at the helm throughout the struggle her great "war-governor," William A. Buckingham, the friend of Lincoln. The best evidence of the disinterested nature of his services, is the fact that during his eight years' tenure of office, he never drew a dollar of salary—an example emulated by others. Governor Buckingham's majority in the hotly contested election of 1860 was 541, and placed the stamp of disapproval on the secession movement; in the succeeding autumn, Lincoln's majority in the state was 10,292. Connecticut is a state where party majorities have long been small, and the result in both the state and national elections was significant as showing the trend of popular sentiment on the great issues of the hour. Sympathy for the South ruled strong, and many of the conservative and intelligent citizens of the state were willing to go to almost any length to avert the impending crisis and appease the angry South. Among the prominent papers of the state which had opposed the election of Lincoln were the Hartford Times, the New Haven Register and the Bridgeport Farmer. The two former afterwards modified their views and the latter, which continued to serve as the organ of the "peace party" for some months after the beginning of hostilities, was silenced, its office being attacked and sacked by an indignant body of citizens and soldiers on August 26, 1861. Connecticut sent an able delegation to the 36th Congress, to wit, Senators, Lafayette S. Foster and James B. Dixon; Representatives, Dwight Loomis, John Woodruff, Alfred A. Burnham, and Orrin S. Ferry. The conservative sentiment of the state spoke through Senator Dixon when he declared, "My constituents are ready to make any sacrifice which a reasonable man can ask or an honorable man can grant." But events were hurrying on to precipitate the crisis, and it is doubtful if any degree of forbearance, or any concessions, short of absolute surrender of all the North had contended for and won in the elections of 1860, would have satisfied the South. As early as January 9, 1861, the Star of the West, carrying supplies to Major Anderson at Fort Sumter, was fired upon. Though active military preparations had been going on for some time in nearly all the Southern States, the North remained strangely apathetic. To the Peace Conference, the last great effort to adjust the strained relations between the sections, Connecticut sent a distinguished delegation, including ex-Governor Roger Sherman Baldwin, Hon. Charles J. McCurdy, and Hon. Robbins Battell. The story of that futile convention, called through the influence of Virginia, is now history, and the work it attempted is now seen to have been impossible. Throughout the war, Gideon Welles, a worthy son of Connecticut, served as Lincoln's secretary of the navy. His efficient services and wise counsel helped to efface the memory of his predecessor under Buchanan, Isaac Toucey, also a son of Connecticut, who was suspected of scattering the nation's warships in distant seas and of allowing officers and naval stores to slip from under his control. In the spring election of 1861, Governor Buckingham received a majority of more than 2,000, and Washington could count On the loyal support of the state administration. But all else was now forgotten amid the excitement of greater events. Actual war was precipitated with unexpected suddenness. The news that Sumter had been fired upon reached Connecticut on Sunday morning, April 14, and the innate patriotism of her citizens was at once exhibited. All hesitation was put aside and a wave of spontaneous loyalty to the Union swept the state from border to border. Disapproval of coercive measures was silenced amid the excitement of great Union meetings and the active preparations for war which at once begun. A volunteer company was started in New Britain and in West Winsted 100 men offered their services, $700 being promptly subscribed toward their proper equipment. Frank Stanley of New Britain, afterward killed at Irish bend, was the first man to volunteer his services. On the 15th was issued President Lincoln's call for 75,000 militia for three months, of which Connecticut's quota was one regiment of 780 men. The governor found that the laws of the state were such that a militia regiment could not be ordered to leave the state and he assumed the responsibility of enlisting a regiment of volunteers. Such was the enthusiasm that three regiments were quickly recruited and within four days the 1st regiment was encamped at New Haven. It was followed by the 2nd within six days; the 3d going into camp at Hartford two weeks later, and at the end of three weeks a total of fifty-four companies were formed, all eager to go to the front. New Britain and Danbury were the first to offer companies to the state, while the West Meriden company was the first to be accepted by the governor. The first complete volunteer company was that of Captain Burnham from Hartford. The first volunteer in Norwich, the governor's home, was James B. Coit, who organized the "Buckingham Rifles" as soon as the news of the attack on Sumter was received, the company finally becoming a part of the 2nd regiment. The Wooster Guards of Danbury proffered their services two days before the governor issued his call and were the initial company to arrive at New Haven. Illustrations of the tremendous enthusiasm which everywhere prevailed and of the feverish bustle of war preparations might be multiplied almost indefinitely. Brooklyn, Windham county, raised 60 men within 30 minutes, and the record was almost equalled in numerous other towns. Five brothers, sons of Jared Dennis, enlisted in Norwich, and Captain Dickerson, of the Mansfield company, had his men armed and equipped with full ranks over night. Much of this haste was inspired by news from Washington, which reported the town to be closely invested by the enemy and in imminent danger of capture. All rail and wire communication with the nation's capital was cut off, and the reception of the 6th Mass. in Baltimore augured ill for its quick relief. The governor despatched William A. Aiken, quartermaster-general of the state, on April 22, to see if communication with the capital could be had, and to assure the president that help from Connecticut was on the way. General Aiken returned after a trip full of dangerous incident and afterward declared, "I believe there has been no hour since, when messages of sympathy, encouragement, and aid from the loyal government of a loyal state were more truly needed, or more effective in the mind of the late president, that these I had the honor to deliver." On the 18th the few companies of unarmed Pennsylvanians had reached Washington, followed on the 19th by the 6th Mass., and on the 26th by the 8th Mass., and the 7th N. Y. Word came on the 25th that Washington was safe, and the next day the railroads advertised that they would run a few trains.

During these trying days the state administration was confronted by a condition of almost complete military unpreparedness. Through the wise foresight of Governor Buckingham partial equipment for 5,000 men had been provided during the winter of 1860-61, but much was lacking. The state had only about 1,000 muskets of the latest pattern, and the necessary money to properly arm and equip the men must be found. This was freely proffered by the banks of the state. The Elm City bank of New Haven offered a loan of $50,000; the Thames bank, $100,000; each of the following banks, Pahquioque bank of Danbury, the Danbury bank, and the Mechanics' bank of New Haven, tendered $50,000; the Fairfield County bank of Norwalk $25,000, and the banks of Hartford, $500,000, or one-tenth of their combined capital Nor was money alone needed; all aided in the work of preparation. Everywhere the women were busy making uniforms and other needed garments; tailors gave their services without thought of compensation; caterers served lunches; outfitters supplied underclothing, and in this way the work was done in an incredibly short space of time. It is recorded that the women of New Haven finished and distributed more than 500 uniforms in ten days. Substantial encouragement was also offered by many towns in making provision for the families of those who enlisted, thus anticipating the later work of the state. Employers continued the pay of their employes and brother workmen did the work of absent comrades.

By April 20 the 1st regiment was assembled in New Haven, commanded by Colonel Daniel Tyler, of Norwich, a graduate of West Point. The 2nd, under Colonel Alfred H. Terry, rendezvoused at Brewster's park. Such was the scarcity of experienced officers, that the cadets from General Russell's military school at New Haven were employed in drilling the new recruits. The 3d regiment encamped on Albany avenue, Hartford, May 9th, and left for Washington a few days after the first two regiments. Nothing was too good for "the boys in blue," and equipment of all kinds was pressed upon them by an admiring and sympathetic public. Even after the process of elimination had taken place, the necessary accouterments, extra supplies of clothing, the Bible, the photograph album, etc., gave each raw recruit a pack of from 125 to 150 pounds. These early volunteers had little conception of the terrible hardships before them, or of the stern realities of war. Like the great majority of the people of the North they believed that the war would be of short duration—a campaign of a few months at most. Both North and South were soon to be cruelly undeceived on this score. The sight of men proudly marching forth full of buoyant health and enthusiasm, was ere long displaced by the spectacle of the returning regiments, often mere shattered remnants, made up of haggard, weary and footsore men. On May 10th the 1st marched to the wharf and embarked for Washington on the "Bienville" by way of the Potomac, which was then open. It arrived on the 13th and is said to have been the first regiment to reach the capital fully equipped to take the field. Through the personal solicitation of Governor Buckingham, who journeyed to Washington and saw the president, two more regiments were ordered to the front. The 2nd sailed on the steamer Cahawba on the 11th, and arrived at Washington on the 14th. This regiment was fortunate in its officers, most of whom were experienced soldiers of the state militia, while three of its companies were old and popular militia organizations. The 3d embarked on the Cahawba for Washington on the 23d, and all three regiments were brigaded under General Tyler, who had been made a brigadier-general of volunteers on the day the 1st left the state. (See Records of the Regiments.)

The state legislature met on May 1, and at once took up the work of providing for the public defense, by voting the needed supplies for the steady stream of troops which were to leave the state from this time forward. The message of Governor Buckingham announced that forty-one volunteer companies had already been accepted, and that the 5th regiment would be ready in a few days. None would leave the state until it was fully equipped with camp and baggage trains, prepared to take the field. He also recommended the organization of an efficient state militia not to exceed 10,000 men. The legislature gave a prompt and cordial response to these recommendations. On May 3 an act to provide for the organization and equipment of a volunteer militia and for the public defense passed both houses. This volunteer force of not more than 10,000 men was to be in addition to the present military organization, and was to be liable at all times to be turned over by the governor to the service of the nation. An appropriation of $2,000,000 was made to defray the expenditures under the act, the treasurer being empowered to issue six per cent. coupon bonds to that amount. Provision was also made for the extra pay of the soldiers already departed, and for the payment of a bounty of $6 a month for the wife, and $2 for each child, not exceeding two, under the age of 14 years, of all volunteers. This was paid quarterly, even after the death of the soldier, during his term of enlistment. The work of the legislature was admirably done and only an extension of the acts was needed during the rest of the war.

Of the three months' troops is should be said, that practically all volunteered from motives of pure patriotism, and without hope of bounty or reward. It fell to their lot to do the cruel, pioneer work of the war, and to point the way for future improvements in the service. They served also as a training school for the citizen soldiers, and provided many of the future officers of the war as well as many of the veterans. In order to secure the addition of two regiments to the quota of the state under the first call, the state had promised that the other volunteers organized should enlist for three years, and the president's call of May 3 for 42,000 troops was for that length of time. Hence the men who had enthusiastically responded to the first call and had gathered at Hartford with the hope of being mustered in with the other three months' troops as the 4th infantry, were reorganized as a three years' regiment and mustered in for that period on May 22-23. The men composing the 5th infantry had also enlisted for three years and were mustered in on July 23, 1861. The first great reverse of the war at Bull Run, in which the state's three months' troops had displayed conspicuous gallantry, brought renewed confidence to the advocates of the peace policy in the state. Peace meetings were numerous and many attempts made to raise white flags. However, the great body of the people were still enthusiastic for the war and the white flags were generally lowered in response to the indignant protest of the majority. Frequent collisions took place between the two elements, which finally caused Governor Buckingham on August 31 to issue a stirring proclamation, appealing to the patriotism of all and calling upon the officers of the law to arrest and punish those guilty of disturbing the public peace, sedition and treason, or of obstructing the due execution of the laws. His opening words declared: "Eleven states of the Union are now armed and in open rebellion against Federal authority; they have paralyzed the business of the nation, have involved us in civil war, and are now exerting their combined energies to rob us of the blessings of a free government. The greatness of their crime has no parallel In the history of human governments. At this critical juncture, our liberties are still further imperilled by the utterance of seditious language; by a traitorous press, which excuses or justifies the rebellion; by secret organizations, which propose to resist the laws of this stale by force; by the public exhibition of 'peace flags'—falsely so called; and by an effort to redress grievances regardless of the forms and officers of the law. The very existence of our government, the future prosperity of this entire nation, and the hopes of universal freedom demand that these outrages be suppressed." Despite this sporadic opposition, the work of enlistment in obedience to the call of the governor in August for four regiments of infantry for three years, or the war, went on briskly. The ranks of these organizations, designated the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th infantry, were filled during the summer and all had been mustered into the U. S. service and left the state by the end of October. Under the call of April 15, the state had furnished a total of 2,402 men; under the call of May 3, and the acts of Congress approved July 22 and 25, 1861, the quota of the state was 13,057 men, so that there was urgent need to provide more soldiers. Consequently the legislature met in extra session on October 9, 1861, to make liberal provision for more troops, to rectify errors in the militia laws recently passed, and to decide whether the state would assume its share of the direct national tax, or leave the Federal government to collect it. The governor stated in his message that the expense of raising and equipping volunteers to October 1 was $943,939, which had been met by the sale of $800,000 worth of bonds and the money in the treasury. He said: "The calls made upon volunteers for the national defense have met with a hearty response, and but for a hesitancy on the part of the general government to accept more troops, we might have had 12,000 or 15,000 men in the field today. We have, however, organized, equipped, sent into the field, and have now ready nine regiments of infantry. Their camp equipage was complete, and their appointments were highly respectable. About 5,000 Sharp's and Enfield rifles have been purchased, and contracts made for an equal number of the latter arms, which have not yet been delivered. Arrangements have also been made to arm, uniform, and furnish complete equipments for two other regiments now rendezvousing, and for one not yet organized." After a session of one week, the legislature gave the governor unlimited power to raise volunteers; authorized another loan of $2,000,000; and assumed the collection of the national tax, thereby saving 15 per cent. to the state.

The 10th infantry was mustered in for three years on September 30, 1861; the 11th was recruited in the fall and mustered in for three years on October 24. The 12th, known as the "Charter Oak regiment," was recruited in the late autumn, as part of the "New England division;" and the 13th was also recruited in the late fall and early winter of 1861. In addition to the above organizations, the 1st squadron of cavalry was recruited and mustered in in August, 1861. A battalion of cavalry composed of four companies, one from each Congressional district, was recruited in the fall, under a call issued on October 1, 1861, and was eventually recruited to a full regiment, designated the 1st regiment Conn. volunteer cavalry. It will thus be seen that by the end of the year the state had raised and equipped thirteen full regiments, besides a considerable body of men organized as cavalry; and in addition one battery of light artillery was recruited in the autumn.

The year 1862 brought many reverses and disappointments to the Union arms. The authorities were vacillating in their plans, the South was full of confidence, and the friends of secession in the North once more raised their voices. Governor Buckingham continued to exert himself to the utmost during this dark period and was one of the loyal governors who advised the president to issue his call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 more troops for three years. The quota assigned to Connecticut was 7,145Meanwhile, the people had reelected Governor Buckingham by a handsome majority in April, and chosen a legislature of which the senate was unanimously Republican, and the house was made up of 195 Republicans and 56 Democrats. During 1862 the state expended for war purposes $1,866,097. By November 1, 1862 it had furnished 28,551 men for the volunteer army, consisting of twenty-seven regiments of infantry, one regiment of heavy artillery, two batteries of light artillery, one squadron and one battalion of cavalry. At its regular session in May, 1862, the legislature revised and modified the militia law of the previous year, which now divided the able-bodied males of the state between the ages of 18 and 45 years, save for the usual exemptions, into two classes—the active and the inactive militia—the former to consist of all the volunteer companies then organized, or to be organized, armed and equipped by the state and paid a per diem of $2 together with mileage; the latter to be composed of all other able-bodied persons not exempt, to be enrolled and (except minors) to pay a commutation tax of $1 per annum, but to be called into service only in case of rebellion or invasion of the state, when they were liable to be drafted by the commander-in-chief (the governor) to fill up the ranks of the active militia. The law was by no means perfect and considerable complaint arose in regard to it.

When the above mentioned call of July was issued, enthusiastic war-meetings were again the order of the day. Each town was now called upon for its proper quota and under the liberal bounties offered recruiting went on very rapidly. The small towns exerted themselves to equal the liberality of the larger ones, Bloomfield and Watertown going so far as to offer $250 per man. In the intense rivalry between the towns to fill their quotas under this call and the succeeding one in August, and thereby escape resort to the dreaded draft, the smaller and poorer towns were outmatched by the large, wealthy ones. In many particulars the whole bounty system resulted in great wrong and injustice, though it was deemed necessary under the imperious demands of the period. Connecticut was the first to fill its quota under the July call, furnishing 9,195 men. It thus had a large surplus to spare, which materially aided in the work of filling the quota under the call of August. While the state was straining every nerve to promptly fill its July quota, came the call of August 4, 1862, for 300,000 militia for nine months' service. Connecticut's quota was again 7,145 and the men were to be drafted. From the beginning to the end of the war, both the state and local authorities labored strenuously to avoid the draft, and were in the main successful. Under these two calls of July and August, the state raised and equipped in less than five months, 14,797 men. The 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st infantry, and the 2nd cavalry (originally recruited as the 19th infantry) were three years' regiments and all had left the state by the middle of September. The 22nd, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th were nine months' regiments, all of which had been mustered into the U. S. service and left for the scene of war by November 20, 1862. In addition, a large number of recruits had been enlisted and gone forward to fill the depleted ranks of the regiments in the field. There had also been organized under the three years' call of July the 2nd light battery, which left the state for Washington on Oct . 15, 1862. The July regiments were of unusually fine material, and had on their rolls many of the finest names in the state. Did space permit it would be a pleasure to enumerate the names of many of those distinguished for their heroism and patriotic and disinterested services. The fame of one man—a private in the 17th—spread throughout the state. This was Elias Howe, Jr., of Fairfield county. One of the richest and most patriotic men in the state, prevented by chronic lameness from the performance of ordinary duties, he nevertheless served as the regimental postmaster and expressman throughout its term of service. When the regimental pay was in arrears for four months, he gave his personal check for $31,000 to the government, or for half the sum then due the regiment. This is but one of many noble instances of private generosity. With the exception of the State of Iowa, Connecticut was the first state to fill her full quota under the two calls of July and August, 1862. Some resort to the draft was made to fill the quota of nine months' men, but in most places it was escaped. Hartford drafted 421 men; but in New Haven, the deficiency was made up by volunteers, just before the dreaded moment arrived when the draft was to begin, $1,200 having been collected from the patriotic citizens to aid in raising the full quota. Slight opposition was offered to the draft in Fairfield and Newtown, but the disorders were soon quelled. Altogether, 1,212 men were drafted, but of these only 218, of whom 142 were substitutes, were mustered into the U. S. service, 81 deserted after reaching camp, 623 were exempted by the examiners, 10 had previously volunteered, 34 were not subject to military duty, and 166 were unaccounted for. Volunteers eventually made up the number needed, which, on the whole, was fortunate, as many of the conscripts made poor soldiers and were not popular in the ranks of the volunteers. Many of them belonged to the despised class of "bounty-jumpers," enlisting only to secure the reward and then desert.

The cost of raising and equipping this large body of troops had drained the treasury and the governor called a special session of the legislature, which met in Hartford on December 9, 1862. The governor's message stated the inefficiency of the draft; again called attention to the defects of the militia law; advocated the extension of the suffrage to the soldiers in the field; recommended that the state bonds be issued for a definite number of years; and that the towns be authorized to issue bonds. There was a total state indebtedness of $1,338,553 to be provided for and the legislature authorized a loan of $2,000,000, taken in February, 1863, at a premium of 12 per cent. The militia law was again modified and an act was passed authorizing the soldiers in the field to vote, a law which the state supreme court subsequently declared to be unconstitutional.

The vote for governor in the spring of 1863 gave Buckingham a majority of over 2,500 over his Democratic opponent, Thomas H. Seymour. The strength of the opposition to the war policy had been much increased by the disasters to the Union arms in 1862, and party lines, nearly obliterated at the beginning of the war, were again closely drawn. Many soldiers home on furlough at the time of the election strengthened the majority of the war party. The disastrous battle of Chancellorsville increased the outcry against the continuance of the war, and the spring of 1863 was the darkest period of the struggle. The gloom was soon to be dispelled, however, by the great victories achieved at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, both decisive events, and marking the turning point of the war.

During the summer of 1863 occurred the principal draft of the war in Connecticut, in conformity to a law passed by Congress the previous winter. The final returns of this draft show that 2,276 conscripts and substitutes were held to serve, and 1,252 paid commutation of $300 each—amounting in all to $375,600. Every inducement was made to secure volunteers. The national government offered in July a bounty of $402; the state a bounty of $30 per annum, and if the volunteer was married, $6 a month to the wife, and $2 to each child under 14 years old; while liberal bounties were also paid by the several towns and cities. Under the calls of October 17, 1863, and February 1, 1864, for 500,000 men for three years, the quota of the state was 7,919, and she was credited with a total of 11,839 men, 1,513 of whom paid commutation. Under the liberal inducements offered the soldiers in the field to reenlist for another term of three years, both by bounty and furlough, 2,850 Connecticut men reenlisted.

The legislature, which convened in extra session in November, 1863, enacted that each colored volunteer should be paid out of the state treasury such sum as should make his monthly pay equal to the amount received from the United States by other volunteers from Connecticut, and gave him an allowance of $3.50 per month in addition, for clothing. Every man securing a volunteer was to receive $10, and $200,000 was appropriated for this purpose. Another act provided for the payment of $300 bounty to each volunteer, in addition to all previous sums ordered, and appropriated $1,800,000 for the purpose.

Recruiting for the 29th (colored) infantry began in August, 1863, but most of the men enlisted during the last three months of the year and the regiment was finally mustered in on March 8; 1864. Recruiting for the 30th (colored) infantry began in January, 1864, but such was the need for men at the front, that when only four companies were organized, it was sent to the front on June 4, and consolidated with other companies to form the 31st regiment U. S. (colored) infantry. The last organization formed in the state was the 3d light battery, an independent body of artillerymen which embraced many veterans, and which was recruited during the summer and early fall of 1864. The state provided additional bounties for troops required in any future requisitions and an amendment to the constitution was adopted permitting soldiers in the field and absent from the state to vote.

Connecticut was never called upon to furnish her assignment under the call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, as she then had a large surplus to her credit. According to the statistician, Phisterer, the total quotas of the state during the war amounted to 44,797, while she sent to the army a total of 54,349, and 1,515 paid commutation. She thus furnished a surplus of 11,067 men. As there were only 80,000 voters in the state at this period, she contributed nearly seven-tenths of her voting strength. These 54,000 men were distributed among twenty-eight regiments of infantry, two regiments and three batteries of artillery, and one regiment and one squadron of cavalry. As already noted, she also furnished one squadron of cavalry which was included, despite promises to the contrary, in the N. Y. Harris light cavalry and credited to that state. The above enumeration likewise fails to include over 2,000 men from Connecticut who enlisted in the U. S. navy, as well as large numbers who served in the regular army and in the regiments of other states. The total expenses of the war to the state, exclusive of private contributions and indirect losses, both very large, was $6,623,580. The largest expenditures among the cities were made by New Haven, and Hartford was second. The 1st regiment heavy artillery was longest in service, 4 years and 4 months; the 13th infantry was second, 4 years and 3 months; and the 8th and 11 th next, with 4 years and 2 months, and 4 years and 1 month, respectively. Fifty-two of the generals in the several armies of the Union were actual residents of the state, and many others were Connecticut born.

A revised list of the casualties of Connecticut troops during the war shows that the losses in killed, wounded, missing, captured, and died of disease and in prison, amounted to 20,573, of whom 209 were officers. This was more than one-fourth of the voters of the state. The 14th infantry suffered the greatest loss, with a casualty list of 1,467, of whom 188 were killed or mortally wounded and 552 wounded. The total number of men killed or mortally wounded in battle in the volunteer organizations was 1,981. The total number who died of disease was 2,801. The 9th infantry, which was sent south as a part of Butler's expedition for the capture of New Orleans, and was wretchedly equipped, suffered the greatest loss from disease—218 men; the 5th and 18th infantry show the smallest losses from this source, losing 63 and 48 men respectively. (See also Records of the Regiments.)

As the war dragged its weary length along the ranks of the regiments in the field became sadly depleted and the labor of satisfying the constant demands of the government for more men became ever more and more difficult. Fortunately the state eventually secured credit, under the amendment to the enrollment act, approved July 4, 1864, for all men who had enlisted, or who should thereafter enlist in the navy, the men to be credited to the locality from which they enlisted. At the end of July a commission was appointed, consisting of Colonel F. D. Sewall, on behalf of the United States, and Robert Coit, Jr., of New London, on behalf of the state, to pass upon the claim of the state for credit for naval enlistments. After an exhaustive investigation Colonel Sewall passed to the credit of the state 1,804 enlistments prior to the passage of the act by Congress, and 339 enlistments in the navy were subsequently credited. Some slight benefit was also derived from the act of Congress, approved July 4, 1864, providing that the governors of the loyal states might send agents into the rebellious states to recruit troops. Six principal points of rendezvous for recruiting purposes were accordingly established by the war department: Camp Casey, Washington, D. C., Fortress Monroe, Virginia, New Berne N. C., Hilton Head, S. C, Vicksburg, Miss., and Nashville, Tenn. Almost no results were secured at Washington, Vicksburg and Nashville, but a total of 1,144 recruits were secured at the other stations. The act granting authority to recruit in the South was repealed in February, 1865.

Before the war had lasted many months it began to be realized that it would not be soon ended. The casualties from death and disease among the soldiers at the front grew in volume and the patriotic citizens of Connecticut exerted themselves to afford every aid and comfort possible to the soldier boys. To this end various relief associations and agencies were established and before long the habit of the people exerted itself in systematized effort to provide relief in every possible way. At the very outset, the sons of Connecticut residing in New York provided rooms where the soldiers could secure substantial meals and other needed comforts. Robert H. McCurdy was the president of the New York relief agency; W. H. Gilman, treasurer; and Charles Gould, secretary. This agency continued to exert itself throughout the war. From the very outset the patriotic people at home, old and young, the women and the incapacitated, exerted themselves to supply necessaries and comforts for those who had gone to the front. Everything that could be transported to the field was sent and there was scarcely a household that failed to do its share. Especially were efforts made to cheer the soldiers with bountiful supplies at Thanksgiving and Christmas time. During the early months, while the regiments were still stationed near Washington, supplies were forwarded semiweekly by Craw & Martin, and later by J. M. Crofut, under the name of the Connecticut Troops Express. Afterward, when the U. S. sanitary and Christian commissions were organized, the State cooperated fully and gladly in their famous work of relief. Everything, from sheets, shirts and needle-books, to arm-slings, bandages, medicines, jellies, pickles and pies was contributed and a constant stream of gifts flowed out from the state. Great sanitary fairs were held, and money was thus raised to secure .stores of sanitary supplies, on which the many army hospitals might draw in times of need.

One of the most noteworthy relief agencies was started in a small way, in October, 1861, by Alfred Walker of New Haven. Having announced through the newspapers that he would receive, pack and forward any contributions for the sanitary commission, the work soon grew to such proportions that in a year the value of the boxes forwarded was estimated at $25,000. He had forwarded 371 boxes to the commission and 44 to Connecticut regiments, the supplies having been secured from all parts of the state. Mr. Walker not only devoted his own time to the work, but also made use of his own store as an office, and donated the services of his clerks, assisted by a number of noble-minded ladies in keeping the accounts and packing the boxes. In order to minimize expenses in every possible way, he secured free transportation by boat to New York, where the government took charge of the freight and sent it on to Washington. This benevolent and well systematized agency, once started, was continued in perfect running order, and in all the large towns and cities the women organized soldiers' aid societies, which played an important part in supplying the soldiers with necessities and even luxuries. Individuals, churches and societies obligated themselves for stated sums of money, in order that the good work might go on. The aid societies in the larger cities thoroughly systematized their work by means of committees and the relief work was carried on with the method of regular business. As an illustration of the volume of work done by the women of the state in aid of the sanitary commission, it is recorded that "One lady in New Haven, Mrs. James D. Dana, during two years, superintended in her house the cutting out of 7,000 shirts and pairs of drawers; while Mrs. William A. Norton, the wife of Prof. Norton of the Sheffield scientific school, with his full consent, devoted all her time to the work of corresponding secretary, and was in communication with 100 places, including New Haven." Nor were the wants of the soldiers neglected in regard to reading matter, numerous regimental libraries being supplied. When the Rev. Edward Ashley Walker, chaplain of the 4th regiment wrote home for a chapel tent, he was provided with a fine, large one, used as a gathering place for the men to hold religious services until finally appropriated to the uses of an army hospital. Moreover, in the work of caring for the soldiers of the state, the unflagging zeal and interest of Governor Buckingham and of Adjt.-General Morse and their able staff of assistants must not be forgotten. The judgment with which the officers of the various organizations of the state were selected and the knowledge displayed in sending forth the regiments equipped to take care of themselves in the field, is especially to be commended. The general records of the Connecticut volunteer force in the office of the adjutant-general was kept in admirable shape. Full records of the services of each man, as far as possible, were kept, including enlistment papers, muster-in and descriptive rolls, muster-out rolls, etc. Opposite each name was entered all information to be obtained regarding him from regimental rolls and returns, from hospital and prison reports, or from any other official source. This office further rendered great assistance to discharged volunteers and the relatives of those deceased in obtaining from the general government the arrears of bounty, back pay and pensions due them, and after the close of the war continued the work to good advantage, thereby saving them the fees of agents.

After April 13, 1865, it was ordered that no more men be enlisted, and by proclamation of the governor on April 17, state bounties were ordered no longer paid. Immediately after the order stopping further enlistments, the work of disbanding the troops began. The men were mustered out of service, sent to their respective states, paid off and discharged with an ease, rapidity and facility second only to the promptness and zeal with which the volunteers first sprang to arms in behalf of their country. The torn and battle-stained flags borne by the brave sons of Connecticut are now in the cherished custody of the state, and the memory of the glorious deeds of the men will live forever.

With many of her sons inured to a seafaring life and with her miles of exposed sea coast, it is but natural to expect a large degree of interest in the U. S. navy on the part of Connecticut. As she is justly proud of the record of her soldier sons, so may she point with pride to the honorable achievements of her sailors during the War of the Rebellion. Mention has already been made of the fact that one of her sturdiest and most honest citizens, Gideon Welles of Hartford, held the portfolio of the navy throughout the period of the war and was ever the trusted and able adviser of President Lincoln. So, too, it fell to the lot of Connecticut to furnish many naval officers of high rank, distinguished for their valor and services. Among others, the state gave to the navy Rear-Adm. Francis H. Gregory; Commodores John and C. R. P. Rodgers, R. B. Hitchcock and Andrew Hull Foote, the last named afterward an admiral; Lieut. Comdrs. Henry C. White, Edward Terry and Francis M. Bunce, the last named also to achieve the rank of admiral. The gallant and intrepid Foote, a native of New Haven and for a time commander of the famous Cumberland, was one of the lamented martyrs of the war. His honored name is indelibly associated with the first great Union success on inland waters—the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson—and his second great work, undertaken in conjunction with the army—the reduction of the strong works of Island No. 10—was a highly important one in the great problem of opening the Mississippi. Promoted to admiral for his notable services, he was preparing to take command of the South Atlantic squadron, when he died in New York, June 26, 1863, worn out by his labors and much enfeebled by a severe wound. Nor should the unique service rendered by another son of Connecticut, Cornelius S. Bushnell, be forgotten. It was largely due to his splendid enthusiasm and untiring efforts, to his ability to grasp the significance of a work of genius, to his fine zeal in enlisting the halting cooperation of the authorities at Washington, and finally to his patriotic assistance in the work of private individuals, that gave to the inventor Ericsson his opportunity and secured for the government the Monitor. Only those who lived through that period of crisis when the great iron-clad Merrimac was performing its work of devastation, can adequately conceive the relief felt when the "little cheese-box on a raft" met and conquered the hope of the Confederacy. All honor to Ericsson, the man of genius, but all honor also to the man who devoted his best efforts to the work, and finally induced a reluctant naval board to give Ericsson a hearing. In the light of after events, the world speedily forgot that the wonder-working craft was built and launched in the face of the utmost discouragement and even under constant official protest.


RECORD OF CONNECTICUT REGIMENTS

First Infantry.—Colonels, Daniel Tyler, George S. Burnham; Lieut. Colonels, John L. Chatfield, John Speidel; Major, Theodore Byxbee. On April 15, 1861, President Lincoln issued his first call for 75,000 militia to serve for three months and the day following Governor Buckingham issued his call in conformity therewith. Such was the prevailing enthusiasm that the call of the governor had been anticipated and on the 16th many companies were ready to report with ranks nearly full. One—Rifle Company A of Hartford, Captain George S. Burnham—had its ranks full and was fully officered. This was the first volunteer company from Connecticut to complete its organization. The various companies rendezvoused at New Haven on April 20, and were at first quartered in the college buildings, then unoccupied on account of vacation. They later encamped in an open field in the western part of the town. The regiment was mustered into the U. S. service on April 22 and 23, and at once began the work of perfecting itself in company and regimental drill. It left for Washington on the steamer Bienville, May 10, arrived at its destination on the 13th, and went into camp at "Glenwood," 2 miles north of the capitol. As Colonel Tyler, who _ was a West Point graduate and an experienced soldier, was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, Lieut.-Colonel Burnham succeeded to the command of the regiment. On May 31, Lieut.-Colonel Chatfield was made colonel of the 3d regiment, Major Speidel became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Byxbee of Co. B became major.. During the first half of June the regiment was stationed at Roach's mills on the Hampshire & Loudoun railroad. During a short reconnoissance up the railroad at this time George H. Bugbee, of Co. A, was severely wounded at Vienna, the first Connecticut blood shed in the war, save that of the much lamented Theodore Winthrop, who was killed at Big Bethel on the 10th. After being reviewed by the secretary of war, it moved to Falls Church, Virginia, and was brigaded with the 2nd and 3d Conn., and 2nd Maine infantry, under command of General E. D. Keyes. General McDowell's movement on Manassas began on July 16, the Connecticut brigade, designated the 1st brigade, 1st division, leading the advance. The command was active during the disastrous battle of Bull Run on the 21st, retiring from the field in good order, and General Tyler reported: "At seven o'clock on Tuesday evening, I saw the three Connecticut regiments, with 2,000 bayonets, march under the guns of Fort Corcoran in good order, after having saved us not only a large amount of public property, but the mortification of seeing our standing camps fall into the hands of the enemy." The 1st remained encamped at Washington until July 27, when its term of service having expired, it returned to New Haven and was mustered out on July 31. The command went out well armed and equipped. Eight companies had Springfield rifles and two Sharp's rifles. It performed its part well and is entitled to great credit for the motives of pure patriotism with which the members responded to their country's call to arms. Many of its members afterwards reenlisted in other Connecticut organizations and saw much arduous service. The 1st carried on its rolls 780 men, and though it lost none killed, its casualty list shows 6 wounded, 6 captured and 25 discharged for disability.

Second Infantry.—Colonel, Alfred H. Terry; Lieut.-Colonel, David Young; Major, Ledyard Colburn. This was the second of the three months' regiments which responded to the first call for troops. Co. A, "Buckingham Rifles," Captain Chester, was recruited at Norwich, the governor's home, by James B. Coit, the first man in the town to volunteer, as soon as the news came that Sumter had fallen. Three other companies were well known militia organizations viz.: the Mansfield Guards, of Middletown, Captain Dickinson; the New Haven Grays, Captain Osborn; and the National Guard of Birmingham, Captain Russell. The other companies were new organizations. All its field officers and many of the line officers were experienced militia men. The various companies assembled at New Haven by April 26, and were mustered into the U. S. service for three months on May 7, 1861, at Brewster's park. The men were armed with Springfield and Sharp's rifles. The regiment, 798 strong, embarked on the steamer Cahawba on May 10 and arrived at Washington on the 14th, going into camp at Meridian hill. On June 16 it crossed the long bridge into Virginia and went into camp at Falls Church, where it was brigaded with the other Connecticut three months' regiments, under General E. D. Keyes, and formed part of the 1st brigade, 1st division. Camp of instruction, picket and outpost duties occupied its time until General McDowell began his advance to Bull Run, July 16. During the advance, the 1st brigade was in the lead and throughout the battle of Bull Run it maintained its regimental formation, the men conducting themselves with great coolness under fire. Late in the afternoon it retreated in good order under orders, and halted for two days at Oak Hill, where it was engaged in striking the tents, loading and packing the arms, ammunition, equipage, miscellaneous stores and property of the standing camp at this. point, thus preventing the capture of valuable property by the enemy, and with the other Connecticut troops it escorted these supplies across the Potomac. The 2nd remained at Washington until the expiration of its term of service, when it returned to New Haven and was mustered out there on August 7. Many of its members afterwards reenlisted in the three years' regiments, and were exceedingly useful by reason of their previous military experience and training. During its short term of service, the 2nd lost 1 killed, 1 wounded, and 16 captured; 3 died of disease, and 31 were discharged for disability, making a total casualty list of 52.

Third Infantry.—Colonels, John Arnold, John Chatfield; Lieut.-Colonel, Allen G. Brady; Major, Alexander Warner. Recruiting for the 3d regiment began simultaneously with that of the other two three months' regiments, its ranks being soon filled under the enthusiasm of the first few weeks of the war, and the men rendezvoused at the fair grounds, Hartford, May 9. Here they were mustered into the U. S. service on the 14th, and after receiving its colors from the hands of Governor Buckingham, the regiment left for New Haven on the 23d, whence it sailed for Washington on the steamer Cahawba. On its arrival it went into camp at Glenwood and was temporarily brigaded with the other two Connecticut regiments under the command of Brigadier-General Tyler. Colonel Arnold having resigned, Lieut.-Colonel Chatfield of the 1st regiment was appointed colonel. He was an experienced militia officer and a fine disciplinarian. Lieut.-Colonel Brady, angered at the appointment of Colonel Chatfield over his head, was deprived of his sword for insubordination, but was honorably mustered out with the regiment and afterwards achieved distinction in the 17th Conn. infantry and veteran reserve corps. On June 24 the 3d crossed the long bridge into Virginia and moved to Falls Church, where it became a part of the. 1st brigade, 1st division, General McDowell's Army of the Potomac. It was brought to a high state of discipline and efficiency under Colonel Chatfield and with its brigade led the advance of the army on Manassas, July 16. Meanwhile, General Tyler was appointed to command the 1st division and Colonel E. D. Keyes, an experienced West Point graduate, was commissioned to command the brigade. The report of Colonel Keyes on the battle of Bull Run says "The gallantry with which the 2nd regiment of Maine and the 3d regiment of Connecticut volunteers charged up the hill upon the enemy's artillery and infantry was never in my judgment surpassed." The command retired from the field in obedience to orders late in the afternoon, retreating in good order and maintaining its regimental formation. During the night it bivouacked on the ground it had left on the morning of the battle, then continued to Falls Church, where it, together with the other Connecticut troops, was kept busy for two days in packing, loading and saving the camp and garrison stores abandoned there by other troops. On the expiration of its term of service, it returned to Hartford, where it was mustered out on August 12, 1861. A large proportion of its officers and men reenlisted in the three years' organizations, where their previous military experience proved especially valuable. The total casualty list of the 3d was 46, made up of 4 killed, 1 missing, 10 wounded, 17 captured, and 14 discharged for disability.

Fourth Infantry.—(See 1st Heavy Artillery.)

Fifth Infantry.—Colonels, Orris S. Ferry, George D. Chapman, Warren S. Packer, Henry W. Daboll; Lieut.-Colonels, T. H. C. Kingsbury, George D. Chapman, Henry B. Stone, James A. Betts, Henry W. Daboll, William S. Coggswell; Majors, George D. Chapman, Henry B. Stone, Edward F. Blake, Warren W. Packer, David F. Lane, Henry W. Daboll, William S. Coggswell. The 5th was originally recruited with the intention of forming part of the three months' troops under the first call. When the second call of May 3 was made for three years' troops the men reenlisted for the longer term, and rendezvoused at Hartford. The regiment was at first organized as the 1st regiment Colt's Revolving Rifles, with the inventor, Samuel Colt of Hartford, as colonel; was reorganized on June 20, 1861, as the 5th infantry, with O. S. Ferry of Norwalk as colonel; was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, July 22-23, and on the 29th proceeded to Sandy Hook, Maryland, having on its rolls 1,102 officers and men. It was employed until March, 1862, in picket and out-post duty along the line of the Potomac from Sir John's run to Muddy branch, suffering much from cold and exposure. A portion of the command participated in skirmishes with Jackson's forces at Dam No. 5, and Falling Waters, and the entire regiment entered Winchester, Virginia, as a part of Banks' forces, after a bloodless battle. Details from Cos. E and F participated in the surprise and capture of a company of Ashby's cavalry at Hudson's corners, Virginia; H and I drove the enemy in a skirmish at Peaked mountain, having several men wounded, and on the Front Royal road in front of Winchester the regiment was sharply engaged with the enemy under Ewell, repulsing him with heavy loss. Jackson, however, had driven back the forces opposed to him and the 5th was forced to beat a rapid retreat and after 36 hours of hard marching and fighting, crossed the Potomac at Sharpsburg into Maryland. It recrossed the Potomac into Virginia on June 3; skirmished at Luray, where it drove the enemy; was soon afterward moved from the Department of the Shenandoah, and became a part of the Army of Virginia under Pope near Warrenton. It was heavily engaged at Cedar mountain, where, assisted by the 28th N. Y. and 46th Penn., it drove and routed the enemy, but was not supported and withdrew before superior numbers. Ifs loss here was 38 killed, 10 mortally and 67 slightly wounded, and 64 captured, out of 380 men in action, the severest loss of the regiment during service in any one day. It remained with Pope's army during the disheartening weeks that followed, being often under artillery fire, but suffering only slight loss. It was next assigned to provost duty at Fredericksburg, Maryland, and on December 10, 1862, joined the Army of the Potomac going into winter quarters at Stafford Court House, Virginia. As a part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 12th corps, it was active at Chancellorsville; reached the field of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1, and though not heavily engaged during this battle, it suffered some loss. After sharing in the pursuit of Lee, the 11th and 12th corps were consolidated as the 20th, under General Hooker, and joined the Army of the Cumberland in Tenn., the 5th being employed for some time in railroad guard duty at Cowan. In December, 1863, 280 members of the regiment reenlisted for another term of three years and received the usual veteran furlough. On their return in the spring of 1864, the regiment, as part of Knipe's brigade, Williams' division, 20th corps, shared in Sherman's Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Cassville, Dallas, Lost mountain, Marietta, Kennesaw mountain, Kolb's farm, Peachtree creek and the siege of Atlanta. It marched with Sherman to the sea; shared in the siege of Savannah; and then moved with the army up through the Carolinas; being engaged at Chesterfield Court House, S. C., Silver Run, Averasboro and Bentonville. After General Johnston's surrender, it proceeded to Washington, where it participated in the grand review and was mustered out at Alexandria, July 19, 1865. It had seen four years of active service, fought in 23 battles, besides numerous skirmishes, and was never driven from its position in the battle line except at Cedar mountain, where it was unsupported. The regiment had a total enrollment of 1,781; its losses were 73 killed, 32 fatally wounded, 219 wounded, 217 captured, 72 died of disease and in prison, 11 died from accident, and 248 were discharged for disability.

Sixth Infantry.—Colonels, John L. Chatfield, Redfield Duryee, Alfred P. Rockwell; Lieut.-Colonels, William G. Ely, John Speidel, Lorenzo Meeker, Daniel Klein; Majors, John Speidel, Lorenzo Meeker, Daniel Klein, Hiram L. Grant. This regiment, composed of companies from Putnam, Hartford, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, New Britain, and Bridgeport, was the third of the three years' regiments organized in the summer of 1861. The men assembled at Oyster point, New Haven, and were mustered into the U. S. service during the first two weeks of September, 1861. The regiment left on the 17th for Washington, having a total enrollment of 1,008 officers and men. It remained encamped at Meridian hill for 20 days and was brigaded with the 3d and 4th New Hampshire, and 7th Conn., under the command of Brigadier-General H. G. Wright. The 6th was then assigned to the Department of the South and formed part of the land and naval expedition under General T. W. Sherman and Adm. Dupont, for operations on the southern coast. Together with the 7th Conn. it landed and occupied Forts Walker and Beauregard, after the bombardment of November 7, after which it was engaged for some months in fatigue duty, and foraging expeditions. In January, 1862, it shared in the abortive attempt to capture Savannah, Georgia, and in the succeeding March was part of the force which finally forced the surrender of Fort Pulaski, at the mouth of the Savannah river. In June it moved with the expedition for the capture of Charleston, skirmishing at James island on the 10tfi, and being active at the battle of Secessionville on the 16th. It was occupied with guard and picket duty at Beaufort until October 22, 1862, when it was active at Pocotaligo, S. C., where it suffered its first severe loss in battle, losing 38 killed and wounded, among the latter being Colonel Chatfield and Lieut.-Colonel Speidel. After the battle the regiment returned to Beaufort and remained there until March 18, 1863, when it was ordered to Jacksonville, Florida It returned to the neighborhood of Beaufort about April 1, and in May was part of the force landed on Folly island, S. C., to assist in the second attempt to capture Charleston. In the engagement at Morris island it was hotly engaged in the work of carrying the fortifications, though its loss was small. It captured here 125 prisoners and 2 stands of colors. Its last engagement in 1863 was at Fort Wagner, S. C., where it suffered severely, going into action with 400 men and losing 140 in killed, wounded and captured. Among the fatally wounded was Colonel Chatfield. The command behaved in this action with distinguished gallantry, and did much to earn its name of the "fighting 6th." By reason of its heavy losses it was sent to Hilton Head to recuperate. In December, 1863, 205 members reenlisted as veterans and it also received a considerable number of recruits. In the spring of 1864 it was transferred to Virginia and on its arrival at Gloucester point, was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 10th corps, with which it at once advanced to Bermuda Hundred. It skirmished at Chester Station and Proctor's creek; was active at the battle of Drewry's bluff; was engaged near Bermuda Hundred; was part of General Gillmore's force in the attack on Petersburg June 9, and was again in action near Bermuda Hundred on the 17th, its casualties during this period numbering 184 officers and men. From June 25 to August 13 it was in the intrenchments at Bermuda Hundred. The Sixth was active at Deep Bottom, where it carried two lines of earthworks on August 14, and in the engagement two days later captured 200 prisoners and 2 stands of colors, its own losses being 5 killed, 69 wounded, 11 missing. It then shared in the siege of Petersburg until the following month when the members, except veterans and recruits, their term of enlistment having expired, were discharged before Petersburg on September 11, 1864. The regiment was again active in the movement against Fort Harrison on the 29th, and advanced to within 3 miles of Richmond on the Darbytown road. It was engaged in this vicinity on October 1, 7th, 13th, and 27th, when, during the fall elections of November, 1864, it was sent to New York to prevent rioting, but rejoined the army on the 14th. In December it was ordered to Wilmington N. C.; shared in the assault and capture of Fort Fisher and in the operations against Wilmington; was occupied in garrison and guard duty at Wilmington and at Goldsboro until it was ordered home, and was finally mustered out at New Haven, August 21, 1865. The 6th was engaged in 25 battles and minor engagements and saw service in the States of Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Counting recruits and reenlisted men, its total enrollment was 1,813. Its losses were 103 killed and fatally wounded, 110 captured, 310 wounded, 118 died of disease, accident and in prison, 14 missing, 164 discharged for disability and 30 unaccounted for at muster out.

Seventh Infantry.—Colonels, Alfred H. Terry, Joseph R. Hawley, Seager S. Atwell; Lieut.-Colonels, Joseph R. Hawley, George F. Gardiner, Daniel C. Rodman, Oliver S. Sanford, Seager S. Atwell, Jerome Tourtelotte; Majors George F. Gardiner, Daniel C. Rodman, Oliver S. Sanford, Benjamin T. Skinner, Jerome Tourtelotte. The 7th was recruited from the state at large under the first call for three years' men, and had among its members a large number of the discharged three months' men. The companies rendezvoused at New Haven and were mustered into the U. S. service on September 17, 1861. The following day, 1,018 strong, it left for Washington, where it was assigned to General Horatio G. Wright's brigade with the 6th Conn. and 3d and 7th' New Hampshire Colonel Terry had been in command of the 2nd Conn., and Lieut. Colonel Hawley had been captain of Co. A in the 1st. In October the 7th formed part of the Sherman-Dupont expedition to Port Royal, S. C., and after the reduction of Forts Walker and Beauregard it was the first regiment to land and plant its colors on the soil of South Carolina. It was engaged in arduous fatigue duty at Hilton Head for 6 weeks, then moved to Tybee island, Georgia, where it spent the winter in preparations for the reduction of Fort Pulaski, and during the bombardment of this fort in April, 1862, it manned nine of the eleven batteries engaged, being under fire for more than 30 hours. The 7th continued in active service in the Department of the South until April, 1864, participating in the engagements at James island, Pocotaligo, Fort Wagner and Morris island S. C. and Olustee, Florida During this period it won its name as a fighting regiment and suffered a total loss in killed, wounded and missing of 292 officers and men. In the bloody assault on Fort Wagner it lost 104 out of 191 engaged, and General Strong declared that "The 7th Conn. has covered itself with glory." Only four companies—A, B, I and K—participated in this assault, but the regiment was soon strengthened by the return of the other six companies from Florida, and during the siege of Fort Wagner which followed it was in the trenches, constantly under fire for 98 days. Early in December its sadly thinned ranks were once more filled to the maximum by recruits and during the same month 333 of the original members reenlisted as veterans, going home on their 30 days' furlough in January, 1864. On April 13, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, thence to Gloucester point, Virginia, and on May 5, started up the James river as part of the 10th corps, Army of the James, under General Butler. From this time the 7th saw almost constant service on the firing line until the end of October. It was active at Chester Station, losing 9 men; on the Bermuda Hundred front, meeting with a total loss in killed, wounded and captured of 320; was at Deep Bottom, where it lost 45 men; was in the five engagements before Richmond in the operations against Fort Harrison; and fought at Fair Oaks, losing 79 men out of 200 engaged. On November 2, 1864, it was embarked on transports and sent to New York to assist in maintaining order during the presidential election, returning to the front on the 14th without having found it necessary to land. The succeeding two months were spent in the comparative quiet of camp and outpost duty. Early in January, 1865, as a part of Abbott's brigade, it formed part of General Terry's force during the second Fort Fisher expedition, and led its brigade in the final and victorious charge which effected the capture of that formidable work, after which it participated in the operations which resulted in the capture of Wilmington. With the surrender of General Johnston, the war was virtually ended and on July 20, 1865, the 7th was mustered out of service at Goldsboro, N. C. It then returned home and the men were paid and discharged on August 11, after a service of nearly four years. A total of 2,090 men had served in its ranks, including the 333 reenlisted veterans and" 739 recruits. The casualties of the regiment were 140 killed or fatally wounded, 333 wounded, 260 captured, 202 died of disease, accident and in prison, 3 missing (probably killed), 160 were discharged for disability, and 16 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Eighth Infantry.—Colonels, Edward Harland, John E. Ward; Lieut. Colonels, Peter L. Cunningham, Andrew Terry, Hiram Appelman, John E. Ward, Charles L. Upham, Martin B. Smith, William M. Pratt, Thomas D. Sheffield; Majors, Andrew Terry, Hiram Appelman, John E. Ward, Charles L. Upham, Charles M. Coit (declined command), William M. Pratt, Andrew M. Morgan. This regiment, from the state at large, was recruited in the early fall of 1861, many of its officers and men having seen service with the three months' regiments. Col . Harland, whose subsequent record as brigadier-general of volunteers was a brilliant one, had served as captain in the 3d infantry. The members of the 8th rendezvoused at Camp Buckingham, Hartford, and were mustered into the U. S. service for three years, October 5, 1861. Armed with the rifle musket and numbering 1,027 men, it left for Annapolis, Maryland, October 17, stopping en route at the camp of instruction, Jamaica, L. I., for two weeks. Early in January 1862, it sailed with the Burnside expedition; was in reserve at the battle of Roanoke island; and was first in action at New Berne, where Colonel Harland distinguished himself for bravery and gained the implicit confidence of his men. Its loss here was 2 killed and 4 wounded. It was again engaged at the siege of Fort Macon, N. C., in April. After two months of rest at New Berne the 8th moved to Newport News, Virginia, in July, encamped there for a month and then, with the 11th Conn., was ordered to Fredericksburg, where it encamped in front of the Lacey house during August. It next proceeded to Washington, remaining there until the Army of the Potomac moved against General Lee in Maryland. It was heavily engaged at the battle of Antietam, where it lost 194 killed, wounded and missing, among the wounded being Lieut.-Colonel Appelman. November found the 8th again at its old camp in front of Fredericksburg as part of the Army of the Potomac. During the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg the following month, it was not heavily engaged and its losses were slight. In February, 1863, it was transferred to southeast Virginia and excepting a skirmish at Battery Huger in April, was not again active during the year. In December, 1863, 310 men reenlisted for three years and received the usual veteran furlough. It also received large additions to its ranks during the winter from new recruits. From March 13 to April 14, 1864, it was stationed at Deep creek, Virginia, on outpost and picket duty; was heavily engaged at Port Walthall Junction on the Petersburg railroad, losing 74 men killed, wounded and missing, Colonel Ward being among the wounded. It was complimented for its bravery by General Burnham, brigade commander. It was now assigned to the 1st division, 18th corps, which moved up the south side of the James; suffered a heavy loss in the battle of Fort Darling or Drewry's bluff, its casualties being 64 killed, wounded and missing; was with the corps at Cold Harbor, losing 38 killed and wounded; was again engaged before Petersburg with loss, June 15-17, and endured the hardships and casualties incident to life in the trenches until August 27. It was then stationed on the Bermuda Hundred front on picket duty until September 26, when it moved with the 18th corps toward Richmond; shared in the successful charge on Fort Harrison, losing 8 killed and 65 wounded, this being the last general engagement of the regiment, whose ranks were now sadly decimated. It moved with the final advance on Richmond in April, 1865, and on the cessation of hostilities was stationed for several months on provost duty at Lynchburg. It was finally mustered out December 12, 1865, after 4 years and 2 months of service, having gloriously sustained the reputation of Connecticut soldiers for bravery and efficiency. Its total casualties were 99 killed and fatally wounded, 387 wounded, 81 captured, 153 died of disease, accident and in prison, 363 discharged for disability, 38 unaccounted for at muster out.

Ninth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas W. Cahill; Lieut.-Colonels, Richard Fitzgibbons, John G. Healy; Major, Frederick Frye. This regiment, mainly composed of men of Irish birth, was recruited during the fall of 1861 at Camp English, New Haven. Colonel Cahill had been a popular militia officer, and both Lieut.-Colonel Fitzgibbons and Major Frye had been captains in the three months' service. From the first the regiment was designed to form part of Butler's New England expedition, and was destined to see most of its service in the Department of the Gulf. It was mustered into the U. S. service November 1, 1861, for three years, and three days later left for Lowell, Mass., without arms and poorly clothed. On November 26, with the 26th Mass., it sailed on the Constitution for Ship island, Miss., where it arrived on December 3. Here it received arms and tents and remained encamped until April 3, 1862, when it engaged in an expedition, with a section of the 6th Mass. battery, to Biloxi and Pass Christian. After the capture of New Orleans, it proceeded to that city, where it was the first Union regiment to make a public parade through the streets. It was then employed on provost duty in the city, Colonel Cahill being assigned to command of the defenses, until June, when it was ordered to a point opposite Vicksburg, Miss., and employed for some days in cutting a canal to divert the Mississippi river from Vicksburg, but the work was finally abandoned. The first important engagement of the 9th was at Baton Rouge, August 5, 1862, where its casualties numbered 14. Early in September it participated in an expedition to the vicinity of St. Charles Court House, and then proceeded to New Orleans, which remained its headquarters during the whole of 1863, though the various companies were stationed at widely separated points. During the month of June, 1863, part of the regiment was engaged at La Fourche crossing and Chacahoula Station. Over 300 of the original members reenlisted in the winter of 1863-64 for a term of three years, and returned home on veteran furlough in April, 1864. On July 16 they rejoined the regiment, which arrived at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, on the 24th and participated in a demonstration against the enemy at Deep Bottom on the 28th. It then embarked for Washington, whence it moved to Tenallytown, and on August 14 it crossed the Potomac and moved to Berryville. It shared from this time in General Sheridan's campaign up the Shenandoah Valley, being actively engaged at Winchester and at Fisher's hill. At Cedar hill m October the officers and men who had not reenlisted were mustered out, the veterans and recruits were organized as a battalion of four companies, under command of Captain Healy, and bore an honorable part in the desperate battle of Cedar creek, losing 30 men killed and wounded. The battalion remained in Virginia until January 7, 1865, when it was ordered to Baltimore, whence it sailed for Fortress Monroe and then for Savannah, Georgia. While at Savannah it dispersed a force of guerrillas on Dawfuski island, after which it was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C., and there served under General Gillmore until August 3, 1865, when it embarked for New Haven, where it was finally mustered out and discharged. Including the service of the battalion, the regiment was in active service for 3 years and 9 months. The original muster-in rolls of the regiment bore the names of 845 officers and men; it received about 440 recruits and 321 veterans reenlisted, making a total enrolment of 1,606 names. Its casualties were 8 killed and mortally wounded; 18 wounded; 17 captured; 240 died of disease, accident or in prison; 116 were discharged for disability and 73 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Tenth Infantry,—Colonels, Charles L. Russell, Albert W. Drake, Ira W. Pettibone, John L. Otis, Edwin S. Greeley; Lieut.-Colonels, Albert W. Drake, Ira W. Pettibone, Benjamin S. Pardee, Robert Leggett, Edwin S. Greeley, E. D. S. Goodyear; Majors, Ira W. Pettibone, Benjamin S. Pardee, Daniel M. Mead, Robert Leggett, John L. Otis, Edwin S. Greeley, Henry W. Camp, E. D. S. Goodyear, Francis G. Hickerson. The 10th was recruited in the late summer of 1861, rendezvoused at Camp Buckingham, Hartford, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years on October 26, 1861. Five days later, under command of Colonel Russell, formerly adjutant of the 2nd Conn. infantry, and numbering 996 officers and men, it left the state for Annapolis, Maryland, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade (General J. G. Foster), Burnside's division. Early in January, 1862, it sailed as part of Burnside's expedition for North Carolina and fought its first battle at Roanoke island, exhibiting great coolness and bravery, its loss being the heaviest of any regiment engaged, 56 officers and men, killed and wounded. Colonel Russell was killed while leading his regiment and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Drake. The 10th was destined to remain in the Department of the South until the spring of 1864. Its second engagement was at New Berne, where it maintained its reputation for steadiness under fire, losing here 27 killed and wounded. Colonel Drake died from exhaustion on June 5, 1862, and was succeeded by Colonel Pettibone. During the summer it shared in all the movements of the 9th corps under Burnside, including the Trenton and Tarboro expeditions; was sharply engaged at Kinston, N. C., during the Goldsboro expedition, where it charged and drove the enemy with great gallantry, capturing over 500 prisoners and 11 pieces of artillery, and losing 106 in killed and wounded. Under the brigade command of Colonel Stevenson it was in action at Whitehall and Goldsboro. On December 24, 1862, the troops in North Carolina were organized into the 18th corps, Major-General J. G. Foster commanding. In January, 1863, the 10th was ordered to South Carolina, and in February Major John L. Otis was commissioned colonel. The regiment was engaged at Seabrook island in April, and from the middle of July to the latter part of October, as part of Terry's division, 10th corps, shared in the siege operations about Charleston. During its long service on Morris island, though the command suffered little in battle, its duties were arduous and trying and on its departure for St. Augustine, after the capture of Fort Wagner, 60 per cent. of the men were on the sick list. While stationed at St. Augustine, a small detail of 35 men from the regiment was ambushed by the enemy's cavalry, 21 being captured and 3 killed. On April 18, 1864, the 10th, with Terry's division, was ordered to Virginia and on its arrival at Gloucester Point on the 25th, was assigned1 to the Army of the James, commanded by General Butler. During the previous winter nearly 300 of the original men reenlisted for three years and went home on the usual veteran furlough. The regiment was conspicuous in the work of destruction on the Richmond & Petersburg railroad, which resulted in the affair at Port Walthall Junction, and won the warm commendation of its brigade commander and other officers for steadiness and fine behavior at Drewry's bluff, where it lost 36 killed and wounded. From this time on almost constant fighting was the lot of the 10th, as it shared in all the engagements of the Army of the James throughout the summer. Space forbids more than a bare mention of the more important of these engagements. In the action near Ware Bottom Church it captured without loss the famous Howlett house battery; was active at Deep Bottom and Strawberry Plains; was ordered into the trenches at Petersburg, where, during the latter part of August and most of September, it suffered considerable loss from sharpshooters; then returned to the north bank of the James; was active at Chaffin's farm, and Laurel Hill Church, where it held in check for two hours a force of the enemy outnumbering it ten to one; was next in action on the Newmarket road, where General Plaisted accorded it credit for saving the Army of the James from disaster; was twice engaged on the Darbytown road, where in the first fight it went into action with but 90 men, charging well manned intrenchments, and meeting with its first repulse, losing 46 killed and wounded. It next skirmished with the enemy at Johnson's plantation, and early in November was one of the regiments selected to go to New York to preserve order during the elections. In November and December, 1864, its ranks were recruited up to about 800 men. In the final campaign of 1865, the 10th, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Goodyear, Colonel Greeley being absent on leave, was engaged at Hatcher's run, and the next day six companies shared in the bloody and desperate assault on Fort Gregg, being the first to plant their colors on the parapet. Out of 13 officers and 180 men in action, 8 officers and 118 men were killed or wounded. General Gibbon, corps commander, presented the regiment with a bronze eagle in recognition of its service in this action. Lieut.-Colonel Goodyear being among the severely wounded, Captain Hickerson assumed command, and the 10th now joined in the pursuit of Lee's army, cooperating with Sheridan's cavalry to cut off the further retreat of the Confederates. The regiment saw its last active service at Appomattox April 9, 1865, but remained at Richmond until August 26, when it was ordered home and was mustered out at Hartford, September 5, 1865. The total enrollment of the regiment, including 996 original members, 848 recruits and 280 reenlisted men, was 2,124. Its casualties were 119 killed and mortally wounded; 382 wounded; 41 captured; 147 died of disease, accident or in prison; 283 were discharged for disability, and 14 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Eleventh Infantry.—Colonels, Thomas H. C. Kingsbury, Henry W. Kingsbury, Griffin A. Stedman, Jr., Randall H. Rice; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles Mathewson, Griffin A. Stedman, Jr., William Moegling, Randall H. Rice, Charles Warren; Majors, Griffin A. Stedman, Jr., William Moegling, Joseph H. Converse, John Kies, Randall H. Rice, Charles Warren, Henry J. McDonald. This regiment was recruited in the fall of 1861 at Camp Lincoln, Hartford, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on November 27, 1861. On December 16 it left the state for Annapolis, Maryland, with a numerical strength of 927 officers and men. At New York, while en route, it was presented with a handsome set of regimental colors. It was assigned to General Burnside's expedition on its arrival at Annapolis; sailed from Fortress Monroe on January 6, 1862; participated in its first action at New Berne, N. C., meeting with some losses and then encamped on the Trent river until July, when it was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg, Virginia Col . Kingsbury having resigned on March 26, Henry W. Kingsbury of the U. S. Army was commissioned colonel on April 25. On the evacuation of Fredericksburg in August, the 11th returned to Washington, where it was assigned to Harland's brigade, 9th corps, and moved with McClellan in the Maryland campaign. It was under fire at South mountain and was heavily engaged at Antietam, suffering a loss of 181 killed, wounded and missing, including every field officer. The gallant Colonel Kingsbury was among the mortally wounded, and Lieut.-Colonel Stedman succeeded to the command. The regiment was encamped most of the time until the battle of Fredericksburg at Pleasant valley, Maryland, and at Stafford hills, Virginia. It was not heavily engaged at Fredericksburg, being on the picket line, and lost only 11 men. After the battle it returned to its old camp and on February 6, 1863, moved to Newport News. where it remained until March 13, when it was ordered to Suffolk. It was there employed in fatigue duty for a month and took part in the defense when Longstreet invested the town, engaging in reconnoissances in the latter part of April and early days of May. When the siege was raised the regiment moved to Portsmouth, where, with the exception of the advance on Richmond at the end of June and early in July, it remained until October, when it was ordered to Gloucester Point, Virginia, and performed garrison duty at Fort Keyes. During the winter 268 men reenlisted for three years and received the usual veteran furlough of 30 days. The 11th moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, in March, 1864, and here was recruited up to 882 enlisted men. It was assigned to the 18th corps, and, embarking on transports proceeded up the James river, landing at Bermuda Hundred on May 4. It was in action at Swift creek, where it lost 12 men, and at Drewry's bluff its loss was nearly 200. Joining Grant at Cold Harbor, it was in the front of the grand bayonet charge of June 3, losing 91 killed, wounded and missing. Among the killed was Major Converse. It remained at Cold Harbor until the 12th, when it returned with the corps to Bermuda Hundred. It shared in the siege of Petersburg from June 15 to August 27, being engaged on August 5, when Colonel Stedman was killed and Lieut.-Colonel Moeglin wounded. While in front of Petersburg the regiment reported a total loss of 85 officers and men, and since the beginning of the spring campaign, May 1, it had lost one-half its officers and over 400 men in action. Major Rice now assumed command of the regiment, which moved north of the James, where it was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 24th corps. It was part of the forces which entered Richmond April 3, 1865, and assisted in subduing the conflagration which threatened the Confederate capital with destruction. It served here for a time on provost duty and was then detailed for similar duty in Southwestern Virginia until November, when it was ordered home. It was mustered out at Hartford, December 21, 1865. Inclusive of about 1,200 recruits, and 268 veterans, the total enrollment of the regiment was nearly 2,400 men. Its casualties during service were 141 killed and mortally wounded; 319 wounded; 155 captured; 169 died of disease, accident or in prison; 307 were discharged for disability, and 30 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Twelfth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry C. Deming, Ledyard Colburn, Frank H. Peck; Lieut.-Colonels, Ledyard Colburn, Frank H. Peck, George N. Lewis; Majors, Frank H. Peck, George N. Lewis, Sidney E. Clark. Recruiting for the 12th, known at the "Charter Oak regiment," began at Camp Lyon, Hartford, in November, 1861, and it was mustered into the U. S. service on December 31, 1861, for three years. It was organized under the authority given General Butler by the war department in September to recruit "The New England division" for special service. Its colonel, Mayor Deming of Hartford, was chosen by General Butler, as was Ledyard Colburn, formerly major in the 3d Conn. (three months' troops). It was a finely drilled and disciplined regiment, numbering 1,008 men, and left the state for New York on February 24, 1862. On the 27th it sailed for Ship island, Miss., arriving there on March 8 when it was assigned to General John W. Phelps' brigade. After the capture of New Orleans, it was stationed there and in the immediate vicinity throughout the rest of the year and the spring of 1863. In July, 1862, it shared in an expedition into the interior of Mississippi. On September 29, 1862, it became a part of General Weitzel's reserve brigade and was stationed at Camp Kearney, Carrollton, Louisiana Its first engagement was at Georgia landing, Louisiana, where its loss was 19 in killed, wounded and missing, and it was complimented by General Weitzel for steadiness under fire. Colonel Deming having been detached fo act as mayor of New Orleans, and Lieut.-Colonel Colburn being detached on special duty, Major Peck was in command of the regiment. Colonel Deming resigned January 31, 1863. The 12th was part of the force which destroyed the Confederate gunboat "Cotton." Co. A, under Lieut. Bulkley, with other troops, while engaged in a reconnoissance on board the gunboat Diana, were captured after a gallant resistance, near Pattersonville, Louisiana The regiment formed part of the Banks Red River expedition in April, 1863, and was actively engaged at Fort Bisland, losing 15 killed and wounded. On its return from this expedition it shared in the siege of Port Hudson, taking part in the two general assaults and losing during the siege 108 officers and men. It continued to serve in the Department of the Gulf, attached to the army under General Banks in Louisiana, occupying Brashear City in July and sharing in an expedition to Opelousas in October. It went into winter quarters late in the fall at New Iberia, where 436 of the men reenlisted in January and February, 1864, for another three years, and left for home in March on veteran furlough. They returned to New Orleans on May 8, and the 12th remained in that vicinity until July 6, when it embarked for Fortress Monroe. It then joined the army under General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, and had its full share in Sheridan's brilliant campaign, especially distinguishing itself at Winchester and Cedar creek. Its losses at Winchester were 71 killed and wounded. Among the killed was the gallant Colonel Peck. It occupied an important position at Fisher's hill, but sustained no loss, though in the bloody battle of Cedar creek its losses were 170 killed, wounded and missing. The severe losses of the regiment, together with the near expiration of the term of service of those who had not reenlisted, made it necessary to consolidate the regiment into a battalion of six companies, which was accordingly done December 2, 1864. The battalion was known as the 12th battalion Conn. veteran volunteer infantry, and continued to serve in Virginia, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Lewis. It went into winter quarters at Summit Point and on April 30, 1865, proceeded to Washington, where it participated in the grand review on May 23. On June 1 it proceeded by transport to Savannah, Georgia, where it remained until it was mustered out on August 12, 1865. It was then sent home and the men were finally paid and discharged at Hartford, August 22, having been in service for 3 years and 9 months. It had received about 400 recruits, and its casualties during service were 73 killed and mortally wounded; 229 wounded; 144 captured; 180 died of disease, accident or in prison; 188 were discharged for disability, and 2 were unaccounted for at muster out. The large percentage of loss from disease and disability is largely due to the long service of the regiment in the extreme South.

Thirteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Henry W. Birge, Charles D. Blinn; Lieut.-Colonels, Alexander Warner, Charles D. Blinn, Homer B. Sprague; Majors, Richard E. Holcomb, Homer B. Sprague, Apollos Comstock. This regiment was organized at New Haven during the fall and winter of 1861, headquarters being established in Durham & Booth's warehouse on Chapel street, November 25, where the men remained in barracks throughout the winter. The regiment was mustered into the U. S. service on February 18, 1862, for three years, and was composed of excellent material. All the field officers had seen previous service—Colonel Birge as major of the 1st heavy artillery, Lieut.-Colonel Warner as major, and Major Holcomb as quartermaster of the 3d infantry. It left March 17, 1862, for Ship island, Miss., numbering 1,017 officers and men, and arrived at its destination on April 13. Entering New Orleans on May 12, it was stationed at the custom house and assigned to provost duty, while Colonel Birge was placed in command of the defenses of the city. While here a number of recruits, principally Germans, were secured. In the fall it was assigned to the reserve brigade, consisting of the 12th and 13th Conn., 1st Louisiana, 75th N. Y., 8th New Hampshire, four companies of cavalry and two batteries, under command of General Weitzel. With this brigade the 13th participated in its first battle at Georgia landing, Louisiana, losing 1 killed, 13 wounded, and 1 captured. It remained encamped at Camp Stevens, Thibodeaux, from October 30 to December 27, and moved thence to Baton Rouge, where it went into camp for the remainder of the winter on the arsenal grounds. On March 13, 1863, it shared in the movement of Banks' army to the rear of Port Hudson, a diversion in favor of Farragut's fleet, which was engaged in an effort to run the batteries. On March 28 it started for the Red River country, Colonel Birge in command of the brigade, and Lieut.-Colonel Warner commanding the regiment. It skirmished at Sand beach; was heavily engaged at the battle of Irish bend, losing 53 killed and wounded; fought at Vermilion bayou, and by May 11 had advanced within 13 miles of Alexandria. Returning by way of the Atchafalaya river and Bayou Sara, it shared in the long siege of Port Hudson, participating in the assaults of May 27 and June 14, with an aggregate loss of 22 men. When, after the unsuccessful assault of June 14, General Banks called for volunteers to form a storming column of 1,000 men, 16 officers and 225 men of the 13th responded, but the fall of Vicksburg rendered the movement unnecessary, as Port Hudson surrendered on July 9. The regiment then moved to Donaldsonville, where it skirmished with General Taylor's forces, after which it was ordered to Brashear City and remained on outpost duty there until August 19, when it returned to Carrollton. On August 30 it moved to Thibodeaux, on Bayou La Fourche, where it remained in permanent camp for six months. During the winter 1863-64 about 300 of the original members reenlisted for an additional term of three years. The 13th, under the command of Colonel Blinn, participated in the second Red River expedition in the spring of 1864; was engaged at Cane river, with a loss of 24 killed and wounded, and was constantly skirmishing during the retreat, but participated in no other pitched battles. From May 21 to July 2, 1864, it was stationed at Morganza, when it proceeded to New Orleans; on the 14th it embarked under sealed orders on the steamer Columbia, and, when opened, the orders directed it to proceed to Fortress Monroe, from which point the veterans went home on 30 days furlough. In September the regiment joined Molineux's brigade, 19th corps, which formed part of General Sheridan's army operating in the Shenandoah Valley, and participated in the brilliant campaign which followed. It was engaged at Winchester, with an aggregate loss of 79. Among the captured was Lieut.-Colonel Sprague, in command of the regiment. It was again engaged with the enemy at Fisher's hill, but with only slight loss; took part in the battle of Winchester, losing 28 officers and men, Major Comstock being among the wounded; then went into winter quarters at Camp Russell near Winchester until December 1, when it moved to Martinsburg. Later in the month, the term of service of the regiment having expired, the non-veterans left for New Haven to be mustered out and the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of five companies. In January, 1865, this battalion was ordered to Savannah, Georgia; arrived there on the 19th, and remained there until March 12, when it moved to New Berne, N. C., remaining there until the war ended. In May it was ordered to proceed to Augusta, Georgia, where it performed provost duty until August 25, when it moved to Gainesville to operate against bushwhackers; moved to Athens, Georgia, on October 17, and performed provost duty in that vicinity during the balance of the year. From January 3, 1866, to the following April, it performed similar service in the district of Allatoona, with headquarters at Atlanta. On April 13, 1866, it proceeded to Fort Pulaski, Georgia, where it was mustered out on the 25th, but the men were finally paid and discharged at Hart island, N. Y., May 5-7, 1866, after a service of 4 years, 5 months and 8 days. Besides its reputation as a hard fighting regiment, it was especially commended for its fine appearance and high state of discipline— qualities which kept it in service on provost and guard duty long after the war closed. During its term of service, 298 of the members reenlisted and it received about 475 recruits. Its list of casualties include 41 killed and mortally wounded; 139 wounded; 59 captured; 143 died in prison, by accident or disease; 121 discharged for disability, and 6 unaccounted for at muster out. The 13th battalion had 3 wounded; 13 died of disease, and 32 discharged for disability.

Fourteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Dwight Morris, Theodore G. Ellis; Lieut.-Colonels, Sanford H. Perkins, Theodore G. Ellis, Samuel A. Moore; Majors, Cyrus C. Clark, Theodore G. Ellis, Samuel A. Moore, James B. Coit, John C. Broatch, William B. Hincks. This regiment, recruited from the state at large, was organized in the summer of 1862. Recruiting began in the latter part of May, but the ranks filled slowly until after McClellan's reverses on the Peninsula, and the president's call for 300,000 men on July 2, when the regiment filled up rapidly. The men rendezvoused at Camp Foote, Hartford, and were here mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 23, 1862. On the 25th, with 1,015 officers and men, the 14th left the state for Washington, and with almost no opportunity for drill, it was hurried into the Maryland campaign. It was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 3d division, 2nd corps, Army of the Potomac, and suffered severely in its first engagement, the bloody battle of Antietam, losing 137 killed, wounded and missing, but "behaving like veterans." During the succeeding two months it was occupied in picket and guard duty at Bolivar heights and Belle Plain. It again suffered heavily at Fredericksburg, forming part of the first division that charged the stone wall at the foot of Marye's heights, its losses aggregating 122 killed, wounded and missing. Lieut.-Colonel Perkins and Major Clark were among the severely wounded. The regiment was already terribly reduced in numbers, after less than four months' service, having less than 400 effective men. It remained throughout the winter of 1862-63 near Falmouth, doing picket duty along the Rappahannock opposite Fredericksburg, and on April 28, 1863, it moved with the army on the Chancellorsville campaign. It was again actively engaged at Chancellorsville, losing 56 killed, wounded and missing; then returned once more to its camp near Falmouth until it moved on the Gettysburg campaign. It reached the field of Gettysburg on July 1, and again demonstrated its splendid qualities as a fighting regiment on that sanguinary field. On the afternoon of the 3d, it captured 5 battleflags and over 200 prisoners. Though reduced to the size of a battalion, its losses aggregated 66. After the battle it joined with the army in the pursuit of Lee, skirmishing at Falling Waters. It then moved to Catlett's station, Virginia, and did picket duty along Elk run, Cedar run and near Bristoe Station until September 12. It received its first instalment of recruits on August 6, and during the next few months its ranks were swelled once more to the proportions of a full regiment. It participated in all the marching and countermarching of the fall campaign; was engaged in a skirmish at Auburn and Bristoe Station, losing 26 men in the latter action; skirmished with the enemy at Blackburn's ford; took part in the Mine Run campaign, in which it lost 14 men; then returned to Stevensburg, and finally went into winter quarters at Stony mountain, near the Rapidan river. It lost heavily in the engagement at Morton's ford in February, 1864, which was partly a hand-to-hand fight in the dark, where the regiment displayed its usual splendid bravery, its losses amounting to 115 killed, wounded and missing, one-half that of the whole division engaged. When the army was reorganized for the campaign of 1864, the 14th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, 2nd corps, with which it fought at the Wilderness, Laurel hill, Spottsylvania, North Anna river Totopotomy and Cold Harbor. Its losses were very heavy during this period, amounting to a total of 185 killed, wounded and missing. From June 15 to July 6 it was engaged in the siege operations before Petersburg, losing 14 more men; was active at Deep Bottom, losing 7, and at Reams' station during the movement for the destruction of the Weldon railroad; was heavily engaged in the last named action and lost 50 officers and enlisted men, being under fire from three directions at one time and fought part of the time from the reverse side of its own breastworks. After this battle it returned to the trenches before Petersburg, where it was exposed daily to the fire of the Confederate sharpshooters and batteries. It was in the battle at Hatcher's run late in October, 1864, losing 29 men, and during the winter had only a few weeks of comparative rest while encamped near Fort Clark. On February 5, 1865, the 14th was ordered from its snug quarters to participate in the action at Hatcher's run, losing 6 men, and on March 25 it shared in a movement on the farther side of the run, intended as a diversion at the time the enemy attacked Fort Stedman. Three days later it moved on the final campaign, which ended with Lee's surrender at Appomattox, the regiment being constantly marching and skirmishing. It fought at High bridge and Farmville; was present at the final surrender, after which it moved to Alexandria, Virginia. It participated in the grand review at Washington on May 23, and on the 30th the recruits were transferred to the 2nd Conn. heavy artillery, and the original members were mustered out near Alexandria. On June 3 the regiment reached Hartford, where it was given a grand ovation. In proportion to its numbers and the length of service it had the largest percentage of losses in killed, wounded and died in the service of any Connecticut regiment. It also participated in more battles—34 battles and skirmishes in all—and many of them among the greatest and bloodiest of the war. It has the record of never losing a color, but captured several from the enemy. Its list of casualties shows 188 killed and fatally wounded; 11 missing in action, probably killed; 552 wounded; 191 captured; 189 died of disease, in prison or by accident; 319 were discharged for disability and 15 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Fifteenth Infantry.—Colonels, Dexter R. Wright, Charles L. Upham; Lieut.-Colonel, Samuel Tolles; Major, Eli W. Osborn. The 15th was recruited from New Haven county during July and August, 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, at Oyster point, New Haven, the place of rendezvous, August 26, 1862. Mai. Osborn had been a captain in the three months' service, and Lieut.-Colonel Tolles had some previous experience as a militia officer. On August 28, 1862, with 1,022 officers and men, it left for Washington, where it received its arms and camp equipage and remained there on guard duty until December 1, when it was ordered to Falmouth, Virginia, and assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. The brigade (Harland's) was made up of the 8th, 11th, 15th, 16th and 21st Conn. regiments, and as it was held in reserve at Fredericksburg, the 15th sustained a loss of only 10 killed and wounded. After the battle it remained encamped at Falmouth for two months, then moved to Newport News and a month later to Suffolk, Virginia, where Charles L. Upham took command after the resignation-of Colonel Wright. Fatigue, guard and picket duties occupied the regiment during the siege of Suffolk, varied by two reconnoissances (April 24 and May 3) attended by slight loss. It shared in the expedition of General Dix up the Peninsula in July, in the effort to draw Lee from his position, and returned to camp at Portsmouth much exhausted after its forced march of 120 miles in hot weather to the vicinity of Richmond. It remained encamped at Portsmouth and South mills until January 21, 1864, when it was ordered to Plymouth, N. C., remaining on provost duty most of the time until the following March at New Berne, N. C. It suffered a heavy visitation of yellow fever during the summer and fall of 1864, losing over 70 men by death from the scourge and as many more disabled. During the winter it received a large number of recruits. On March 2, 1865, it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, District of Beaufort, Colonel Upham being in command of the brigade, and ordered to join the expedition against Goldsboro. While hotly engaged at Kinston, it was suddenly enveloped by a division of the enemy under General Hoke and a large part of the brigade was captured. Its loss in killed, wounded and missing was 475, most of whom were taken prisoners, but were soon paroled and exchanged and rejoined the regiment, which was assigned to provost duty at Kinston, remaining there until June 6, when it moved to New Berne for muster out. By order of General Schofield, commanding the department, all members whose term of service did not expire before September 30, 1865, were transferred to the 7th Conn. infantry on June 24. The regiment, to the number of 815 officers and men, was mustered out on June 27 and on the 30th left for New Haven, where the men were finally paid and discharged on July 12, 1865. It had been in service 2 years and 10 months and its total enrolment, including 595 recruits, was 1,617. Its losses during service were 40 killed, 68 wounded, 468 captured, 150 died of disease, accident or in prison, 160 discharged for disability, and 9 unaccounted for at muster out.

Sixteenth Infantry.—Colonel, Frank Beach; Lieut.-Colonels, Frank W. Cheney, John M. Burnham; Majors, George A. Washburn, Henry L. Pasco. This was a Hartford county regiment, organized in August, 1862, and mustered into the U. S. service for three years at Hartford on August 24. Under command of Colonel Beach of the regular army, it left for Washington on the 29th; was encamped for a few days at Arlington heights; was then hurried forward, with no opportunity to learn even the rudiments of military science, to join the Army of the Potomac, on the eve of the battle of Antietam. On the evening before the battle it was assigned to the 2nd brigade (Harland's), 3d division, 9th corps, and despite its rawness, displayed creditable heroism on the field of Antietam, losing as many men as any other Connecticut regiment engaged, its loss in killed, wounded and missing, aggregating 185, including 5 commissioned officers killed and 8 wounded. Among the severely wounded were Lieut.-Colonel Cheney and Major Washburn, who were both compelled to resign their commissions. The 16th was not heavily engaged at Fredericksburg, being in reserve with the rest of its brigade. After two months in camp before Fredericksburg, it was ordered to Newport News and about five weeks later, moved, with its brigade, to Suffolk, where it remained throughout the siege being twice engaged in skirmishes on the Edenton and Providence Church roads, with some loss. About the middle of June it moved to Portsmouth, where it joined the expedition of General Dix up the Peninsula. known as the "Blackberry Raid," to the vicinity of Richmond, involving forced marches in hot weather of over 120 miles. Then followed some quiet months of camp life at Portsmouth, during which the regiment gained an enviable name for discipline, good order, and fine soldierly behavior. On January 21, 1864, it was ordered to Plymouth, N. C., from which point several raids were made into the interior, capturing a large amount of stores, burning cotton and tobacco, and taking a number of prisoners. On March 3 it was ordered to New Berne, where it performed garrison duty until the 20th, when it returned to Plymouth. The garrison at Plymouth was attacked by the enemy in force on April 17, and after a desperate resistance, was forced to surrender on the 20th. The losses in the 16th, including the captured, were 436. Co. H, which was on detached service at Roanoke island, was not included in the surrender. During the long months of imprisonment which followed, at Andersonville, Charleston and Florence, the men endured untold hardships and privations and nearly one-half of them died in prison. The paroling of prisoners of war began in November, 1864, and continued throughout the winter. The wretched survivors, after being paroled and exchanged, rejoined their regiment at New Berne in April and May, 1865. A few had escaped from prison, a few were exchanged earlier, and these, with Co. H and some on detached service or sick leave, composed the regiment in actual service. The story of how the brave men of the 16th who were captured saved their colors, by tearing them in strips and concealing them about their persons all through the dreary days of their confinement, is one eloquent of devotion and patriotism. Such remnants as survived the ordeal are now sacredly preserved in the form of a shield sewn on a white silk banner, which was deposited with the other flags of the state at the capitol on "Battle Flag Day," September 17, 1879. The sadly depleted regiment was stationed at Roanoke island, N. G, until March 4, 1865, engaging meanwhile in expeditions to Foster's mills, Hertford and up the Alligator river, and in several raids to Columbia, Edenton, etc. At New Berne the regiment remained in the performance of provost duty until the date of its muster out, June 24, 1865. It had been in service for 2 years and 10 months, and 83 recruits had been forwarded from Connecticut. Its losses during service were 76 killed and mortally wounded, 167 wounded, 459 captured, 160 died in prison, 85 died of disease or from accident, 255 were discharged for disability, and 11 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Seventeenth Infantry.—Colonel, William H. Noble; Lieut.-Colonels, Charles Walter, Douglas Fowler, Albert W. Wilcoxson, Henry Allen; Majors, Allen G. Brady, Henry Allen. This regiment, recruited almost entirely from Fairfield county, was organized in August, 1862. It rendezvoused at Bridgeport, was mustered into the U. S. service for three years, August 28, 1862, and left for Washington, 1,000 strong, on September 3. It was stationed in the defenses of Baltimore and Washington until November 5, when it was ordered to report to General Sigel at Gainesville, Virginia, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, Sigel's corps, the brigade being made up of the 25th, 55th, 75th and 107th Ohio and 17th Conn. Later on the 157th N. Y. was added, and these regiments continued to serve together during the rest of the war. The 11th corps (Sigel's) was held as a reserve to General Burnside's advance and after the battle of Fredericksburg spent the winter in camps at Stafford Court House, Belle Plain, and Brooke's station, Virginia. The first battle of the 17th was the disastrous one of Chancellorsville, where the 11th corps, now commanded by General Howard, was surprised and routed by Stonewall Jackson. In the midst of the confusion all about them, the 17th did all that brave men could do, but Colonel Noble found it a hopeless task to rally the regiment amid the prevailing rout. Its loss in the battle was 120 killed, wounded and missing. Lieut.-Colonel Walter was among the killed. Colonel Noble was severely wounded and had his horse shot under him. It then rested with its corps near Brooke's station until the movement began which resulted in the battle of Gettysburg. It arrived on that field during the midst of the first day's fighting and was posted on the extreme right at Oak hill. It was at this point that it suffered its greatest loss, when struck by an overwhelming force of the enemy under General Gordon. Lieut.-Colonel Fowler was killed and Major Brady was severely wounded by a piece of shell. The regiment's total loss was 198 killed, wounded and missing. During the last two days of the battle it was posted at the northern foot of Cemetery hill. With the army it followed Lee's retreating forces until they crossed the Potomac into Virginia, and in August, with. its division, was ordered to Alexandria, there to take transports for Folly island, S. C. With its brigade, under General Ames, it was soon ordered to Morris island, where it was often in the siege works approaching Fort Wagner and sustained some losses. After the fall of Fort Wagner it encamped on Folly island until the latter part of February, 1864, the monotony of camp life being broken only by a brief expedition to St. John's island. At the above date it embarked for Jacksonville, Florida, and after a month there, relieved the 10th Conn. at St. Augustine, which remained its headquarters until the end of the war. On May 19, 1864, 39 men and 2 officers, holding the picket posts at Welaka and Saunders, on the St. John's river, were captured by the enemy and sent to Andersonville. The regiment was engaged during the year in several successful raids, though none were of great military importance. On December 24, 1864, while returning from Jacksonville to St. Augustine, Colonel Noble was captured by guerrillas and taken to Macon and Andersonville. While engaged in an expedition to Braddock's farm, south of Dunn's lake, early in February, 1865, the regiment, under Lieut.-Colonel Wilcoxson was attacked on its return by Dixon's cavalry and in the fight Adjt. Chatfield was killed and 32 men and 2 officers were captured. The prisoners were taken to Andersonville. On June 9, 1865, the regiment was ordered to rendezvous at Jacksonville, whence it proceeded to Hilton Head and was there mustered out on July 19, having been in service for 2 years, 11 months. Its total enrollment, including 175 recruits, was 1,175. Its losses were 47 killed and mortally wounded, 145 wounded, 253 captured, 76 died of disease, in prison or by accident, 209 were discharged for disability, and 9 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Eighteenth Infantry.—Colonel, William G. Ely; Lieut.-Colonels, Monroe Nichols, Henry Peale; Majors, Ephraim Keech, Jr., Henry Peale. Joseph Mathewson. The 18th was composed of men from New London and Windham counties and was rapidly recruited during August, 1862, under the supervision of General Daniel Tyler. The men rendezvoused at Camp Aiken, Norwich. William G. Ely, promoted from the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 6th Conn., was commissioned colonel. It was mustered into the U. S. service on August 22, 1862, for three years, and left for Washington the same day, with a numerical strength of 998 officers and men. It was the first regiment to leave the state under the president's call of July i for 300,000 volunteers and was stationed at Baltimore in the performance of guard and garrison duty until May 22, 1863, when it was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley. Its first fighting was at the battle of Winchester, when General Milroy's command of 7,000 men was overwhelmed by General Early with a much superior force. The regiment won praise from Milroy for the desperate valor it displayed. During its third and last charge, it disabled a battery of the enemy, but, charging into the center of General Johnson's division, over 500 of its officers and men were captured. Its total loss in the engagement was 567. The regimental colors were saved by Color-Sergt. George Torrey. Most of the prisoners were soon paroled and exchanged. Co. D had escaped intact, as it was detailed for provost duty at Winchester. Nothing of moment occurred until April 26, 1864, when the 18th was ordered to Martinsburg, West Virginia, to join the forces gathered there under General Sigel. It shared in Sigel's defeat at Newmarket, where its casualties were 56; was again heavily engaged at Piedmont, with a loss of 122; had 12 men wounded in the engagement at Lynchburg; went into the engagement at Snicker's ford with only about 150 men and lost 32 in killed, wounded and missing; was again engaged at Winchester in July, but with small loss; arrived at Berryville after a long series of marches, and participated in its last fight there September 3, 1864. It continued to serve in the District of West Virginia until its final muster out on June 27, 1865, at Harper's Ferry. The regiment had received about 200 recruits, so that its total enrollment was nearly 1,200. It served for 2 years and 10 months, during which it participated in 20 general engagements and skirmishes. Its losses were 61 killed and fatally wounded, 235 wounded, 656 captured, 94 died of disease, accident or in prison, 102 were discharged for disability, and 1 was unaccounted for at muster out.

Nineteenth Infantry.—(See 2nd Heavy Artillery.)

Twentieth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel Ross; Lieut.-Colonels, William B. Wooster, Philo B. Buckingham; Majors, P. B. Buckingham, Henry C. Pardee. The 20th was one of the eight regiments furnished by the state in response to the president's call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 volunteers to serve for three years. It was recruited during August, 1862, from the counties of New Haven and Hartford, rendezvoused at New Haven, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years on September 8, 1862. It left for Washington on the 11th, with 981 officers and men, and on October 2 reported to General Williams at Harper's Ferry, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 12th corps. Army of the Potomac. It reported at Stafford Court House, Virginia, April 1, 1863, and on the 27th moved with the army, under General Hooker, on the Chancellorsville campaign. In the battle there it was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Wooster, Colonel Ross being in command of the 2nd brigade. The regiment was highly commended for its bravery during the engagement and was among the last to retreat. Its losses were 197 killed, wounded and prisoners. It participated in the battle of Gettysburg as part of the 1st brigade, 1st division, 12th corps, General Williams commanding the corps, which on the 3d day of the battle was stationed on Culp's hill, on the extreme right of the line, where the 20th distinguished itself. For 7 long hours the corps held Ewell's command at bay, and finally drove it back with heavy loss, the regiment losing during the engagement 5 men killed, and 23 wounded. The 20th then joined in the pursuit of Lee and on July 16, was once more at their old camp at Pleasant valley. In September, 1863. it was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland and arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, on October 3. The autumn months were taken up with fatigue and picket duties and some slight skirmishing. While a part of the regiment was on garrison duty at Tracy City, Tenn., it was attacked by the enemy's cavalry, but the attack was repulsed. Captain Upson being mortally wounded during the engagement. In April, 1864, the 11th and 12th corps were united to form the 20th, with which the regiment remained until the close of the war. Early in May it moved with Sherman's army on the Atlanta campaign; was engaged at Boyd's trail, Resaca, and Cassville, which place it and the 19th Mich. captured. It lost 17 men at Resaca, and at Peachtree creek, July 20, it lost 55 killed, wounded and missing, among the wounded being 6 commissioned officers. It participated in the siege of Atlanta in July and was among the first troops to enter the city, when it finally fell on September 2. It remained at Atlanta doing fatigue duty and furnishing large details for work on the fortifications about the city until November 15, when it moved with Sherman on the march to the sea, arriving at Savannah on December 10. It was occupied in the siege operations there until the 21st, when it entered the city with the 20th corps. Early in January, 1865, it started on the march through the Carolinas, being engaged with the enemy at Silver run, with a loss of 19 officers and men; at Bentonville, where it lost 36 men killed, wounded and missing; arrived at Raleigh, N. C., April 16, whence it proceeded north through Richmond to Washington, reaching there on May 20. It marched in the grand review and then encamped near Fort Lincoln until it was finally mustered out June 13, 1865, numbering 506 present and absent. During its 2 years and 9 months of arduous service it always maintained its reputation for valor, discipline and soldierly bearing, a credit to itself and an honor to its state. It received about 300 recruits during service, giving it a total enrollment of nearly 1,300 officers and men. Its list of casualties include 82 killed and mortally wounded, 209 wounded, 113 captured, 82 died of disease, accident or in prison, 203 were discharged for disability, and 5 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-first Infantry.—Colonels, Arthur H. Dutton, Thomas F. Burpee, Hiram B. Crosby; Lieut.-Colonels, Thomas F. Burpee, Hiram B. Crosby, James F. Brown; Majors, Hiram B. Crosby, William Spittle, Charles T. Stanton, James F. Brown. This regiment, recruited from Hartford, New London and Windham counties during August, 1862, rendezvoused at Norwich, and was there mustered into the U. S. service for three years, September 5, 1862. Colonel Dutton was appointed to the command from the regular army and brought the regiment to a high state of efficiency before being appointed to the command of a brigade on December 11, 1862. The 21st, numbering 966 officers and men, left for Washington on September 1 1 and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. Its long march of 175 miles—from Pleasant valley, Maryland, to Falmouth, Virginia,—in 12 days, and the hardships and exposure ,of that first winter on the plains of Falmouth will never be forgotten. It was brigaded with the 25th N. J., 13th New Hampshire, and 4th R. I., to form the 3d brigade, 3d division, 9th corps, Colonel Dutton being in command of the brigade. Its first engagement was at Fredericksburg, where it lost 1 commissioned officer, and 5 men wounded. It was one of the eighteen regiments from the 9th corps, selected by General Burnside to lead the "forlorn hope" on the morning of the 14th, but fortunately the attack was abandoned at the last moment. In February, 1863, it joined the Army of the James at Fortress Monroe; was encamped at Newport News until March 13, when it was ordered to Suffolk; shared in the defense of that place during the siege; supported the Irish Legion on the Edenton road; was active at Reed's ferry on the Nansemond river, being commended for its services during that skirmish; served as provost guard for General Dix's command on the "Blackberry Raid" to Whitehouse Landing, and on the return of the expedition was on provost duty at Portsmouth and Norfolk for about five months. It then returned to Newport News for about six weeks, a detachment of the regiment sharing in the raid on the Brandon farm. On February 3, 1864, it embarked under sealed orders for Morehead City, N. C., a little later moved to Newport barracks and Little Washington, N. C.; thence to New Berne, where it remained until April; then returned to Portsmouth, Virginia, whence it was ordered to proceed to Bermuda Hundred. It was heavily engaged at Drewry's bluff, where the members of the regiment displayed great individual coolness and judgment in action. Its loss was 107 killed, wounded and missing. During a reconnoissance May 26, the gallant Colonel Dutton was mortally wounded and Lieut.-Colonel Burpee assumed command. Returning on May 29 to White House landing, it moved thence to Cold Harbor and was hotly engaged there June 3, losing 43 killed and wounded. On June 9 Colonel Burpee was mortally wounded by a sharpshooter, while going his rounds as brigade officer of the day. The regiment remained in front of Petersburg until September 3, and shared in the first assaults of the army on that city. At the explosion of "the mine," July 30, it was posted well forward among the supports, where it was exposed to a severe enfilading fire and lost 15 killed and wounded. While in the trenches before Petersburg its entire loss was 49 officers and men. It shared in the capture of Fort Harrison, losing 30 men, which was its last general engagement, and then went into winter quarters, performing the usual routine of camp and picket duty. On March 4, 1865, it shared in an expedition to Fredericksburg to prevent the smuggling of tobacco across the river in exchange for supplies, which movement resulted in the destruction of 28 car-loads of tobacco, valued at $1,300,000, and the capture of 30 prisoners. As a result of this raid it was chosen to occupy the intrenchments around Richmond, and it was among the first to enter that city on the occasion of its evacuation, April 3, 1865. Nothing of importance occurred afterwards and the regiment was mustered out of the service, June 16, 1865, leaving an excellent record for bravery and good soldierly conduct. It had served for 2 years and 9 months and had received during that time 80 recruits. Its losses were 59 killed and mortally wounded, 187 wounded, 41 captured, 115 died of disease, accident or in prison, 206 were discharged for disability, and 3 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-second Infantry.—Colonel, George S. Burnham; Lieut.-Colonel, Ellsworth N. Phelps; Major, Herman Glafcke. This regiment was the first to respond to the call of August 4, 1862, for 300,000 militia to serve for nine months. With the exception of Co. K, from Tolland county, the men were recruited from Hartford county and attracted by the short term of service, for which they felt they could absent themselves from their usual avocations, were of a high order of intelligence. The regiment was rapidly recruited and by September 3, 1862, had assembled, nearly 1,000 strong at the rendezvous, Camp Halleck, Hartford. Colonel Burnham had previously served as colonel of the 1st Conn. infantry and was a skillful and experienced officer. The 22nd was mustered into the U. S. service on September 20, 1862. and embarked for New York on Oct . 2, proceeding thence by rail to Washington, where it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and stationed during the winter at Miner's hill, about 8 miles from the city. It was brigaded with the 40th Mass., 11th R. I., and 141st N. Y., under the command of General Robert Cowdin, and later Colonel Burr Porter of the 40th Mass. General Abercrombie commanded the division, and General Heintzelman was at this time in general command of the defenses of Washington. On April 15, 1863, it embarked for Norfolk; proceeded thence to Suffolk, sharing in the siege of that place until May 3; then moved to West Point, where it encamped for three weeks, and moved thence by transport to Yorktown Plains. After participating in the "Blackberry Raid," it returned to Yorktown and on June 26, its term of service having expired, it returned to Hartford, where it was mustered out July 7, 1863. The regiment was given no opportunity to show its mettle on the field of battle. Its casualties during service were, 18 died of disease, 2 by accident, 31 discharged for disability, and 1 unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-third Infantry.—Colonel, Charles E. L. Holmes; Lieut.-Colonel, Charles W. Woddin; Major, David H. Miller. This regiment was recruited from the counties of Fairfield and New Haven during August and September, 1862, rendezvoused at Camp Terry, New Haven, and was mustered into the U. S. service for nine months on November 14. Cos. A, D, E, and G volunteered from the active state militia. The regiment was assigned to General Banks' expedition, and with 848 officers and men left for Camp Buckingham, L. I., November 17, 1862. Seven companies sailed for Ship island, Miss., on the 20th and proceeded thence to New Orleans, where they were assigned to Weitzel's brigade, 19th corps. On January 11, 1863, they moved to Brashear City, and were detailed for railroad guard duty on the New Orleans & Opelousas railroad, Cos. B and E being stationed at headquarters, Camp Weitzel, La Fourche crossing. The remaining three companies sailed from New York on December 30, 1862. They were wrecked en route on Stranger's key, Bahama islands, and finally arrived at New Orleans on March 4, 1863. The regiment was engaged in railroad guard duty along the above mentioned line until June 23, when it was ordered to fall back to New Orleans. On June 1, four companies under Captain Crofut drove off a force of the enemy who had attacked the hospital across the bay at Brashear and then covered the working parties while they removed the sick and the government property. A part of the regiment was engaged with the enemy under General Dick Taylor at La Fourche crossing in June, other detachments being engaged with the same enemy at Brashear City, and Bayou Boeuf. During this raid of Taylor, the 23d had 7 captains and 7 lieutenants captured, who were sent to Tyler, Tex., and held as prisoners for 14 months. A number of privates were also captured, but were paroled and returned to the Union lines. After this the 23d was encamped !n and near New Orleans until August 7, when it left for New Haven, via Cairo, Ill., arriving on August 28. It was mustered out on September 1, 1863, having lost during service 10 killed and mortally wounded, 17 wounded, 17 captured, 43 who died of disease, 2 by accident, 3 discharged for disability, and 2 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-fourth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel B. Mansfield; Lieut.-Colonel, John D. Allison; Major, Patrick Maher. The 24th was organized in September, 1862. Six companies were recruited from Middlesex county and the other four—three of them Irish—from Hartford, New Haven and Fairfield counties. It rendezvoused at Middletown and was there mustered into the U. S. service for nine months on November 18, 1862. Colonel Mansfield was a regular army officer and a son of Major-General J. K. F. Mansfield. On the day of its muster in, the regiment with 698 officers and men left for Camp Buckingham, Centerville, L. I., having been assigned to General Banks' expedition. It sailed for Ship-island, Miss., December 2, arriving there on the 12th. Thence it proceeded to New Orleans and then to Baton Rouge, where it was brigaded with the 9th Conn., 41st and 52nd Mass., to form the 2nd brigade (Colonel Cahill), 4th division, 19th corps. A little later the 91st N. Y. was substituted for the 9th Conn., and Colonel Van Zandt of that regiment was appointed to command the brigade. On March 1, 1863, it was consolidated into a battalion of eight companies. It shared in the movement to the rear of Port Hudson in March, while Com. Farragut was running the batteries in front. On March 26, the 12th Maine was substituted in the brigade for the 91st N. Y., and Colonel Kimball of the 12th Maine became commander of the brigade, which was in reserve at the battle of Irish bend, after which it moved with its division in pursuit of Taylor's forces toward the Red river, proceeding within 15 miles of Alexandria. It then returned by way of the Atchafalaya river and Bayou Sara, marching to the rear of Port Hudson, where, from May 23 to July 9, it was engaged in the siege operations, taking a conspicuous part in the assault of June 14, from which time it held an advanced position, one-half of the regiment being on duty each 24 hours, until the final surrender of Port Hudson. Its casualties during the siege were 66 killed and wounded. On July i1, it embarked for Donaldsonville and on the 29th for Carrollton. On August 6, it sailed for Ship island, where it remained until September 9, when it returned to New Orleans, and on the 15th it sailed for home. It was mustered out at Middletown, Conn., September 30, 1863, having been in service nearly 13 months. Its casualties were 21 killed and mortally wounded, 51 wounded, 53 died of disease or accident, 19 discharged for disability, and 3 unaccounted for at muster out .

Twenty-fifth Infantry.—Colonel, George P. Bissell; Lieut.-Colonels, Daniel H. Stevens, Mason C. Weld; Majors, Moses E. St. John, Thomas McManus. This regiment, from Hartford and Tolland counties, was recruited during the early fall of 1862. It was composed of excellent material and early gained a reputation for efficiency and good discipline. It rendezvoused at Camp Halleck, Hartford, where on November 11, it was mustered into the U. S. service for nine months, with 811 officers and men, and left on the 14th for Centerville, L. I., to join the Banks expedition. It sailed for Ship island, Miss., November 29; arrived at New Orleans, December 14; five companies under Colonel Bissell proceeded thence to Baton Rouge; the other five companies under Lieut.-Colonel Stevens were landed at Camp Parapet, above New Orleans, and did not join the command at Baton Rouge for several weeks. The 25th was first assigned to General Paine's brigade, and later to a brigade composed of the 13th Conn., 26th Maine, 159th N. Y., and 25th Conn., commanded by Colonel Birge of the 13th Conn., with which it continued during the rest of its term of service. It shared in the movement to the rear of Port Hudson in March, 1863, while Farragut was trying to run the batteries with his fleet, and was a witness to the grand bombardment on the night of March 14. It then returned to Baton Rouge, whence it advanced up the west bank of the Mississippi and engaged in its first battle at Irish bend, with a loss of 95 killed and wounded, and 1 missing, out of about 350 in action. It then marched nearly to the Red river, and returned —a distance of about 300 miles in 20 days. It was next engaged in the siege of Pott Hudson, being almost constantly under fire in the trenches and sharing in the assaults on the works. Its losses during these assaults aggregated 46 killed, wounded and missing. Such had been the arduous nature of its services that on June 26 it reported only 140 men fit for duty. After the fall of Port Hudson the regiment returned to Donaldsonville, Louisiana, and offered to remain longer, if needed, in the Department, but was ordered home on the expiration of its term. It was mustered out at Hartford August 26, 1863, after a service of over 9 months. Throughout its term of service the men had cheerfully submitted to the most rigorous discipline; had borne all hardships uncomplainingly, and were never known to falter in time of danger. The 25th was in every way a reliable and efficient regiment. Its total losses were 31 killed and fatally wounded, 104 wounded, 17 captured, 55 died of disease, 20 discharged for disability, and 3 unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-sixth Infantry.—Colonel, Thomas G. Kingsley; Lieut.-Colonel, Joseph Selden; Major, Henry Stoll. This regiment, from New London and Windham counties, was recruited between August 20 and September 10, 1862, rendezvoused at Camp Russell, Norwich, where it was mustered into the U. S. service for nine months, November 10 and 12, 1862, and on the 13th left for Camp Buckingham, Centerville, L. I., to join the Banks expedition. It sailed for Ship island, Miss., and New Orleans, December 4, 1862, arriving at the latter place on the 16th. It encamped at Camp Parapet above the city, where it received its arms, and was assigned to the 1st brigade (General Neal Dow), 2nd division (General T. W. Sherman), 19th corps (Major-General N. P. Banks). On May 20, 1863, it started for Port Hudson and on the 24th joined the left wing of the corps investing that fortification. It took an active part in the bloody assault of May. 27, losing 107 in killed and wounded, among the latter being Colonel Kingsley. The night after the assault, the regiment held the picket line in front of Dow's brigade and from this date until June 14, it was constantly exposed to fire. It was again engaged on June 13 and 14 during the second general assault, going into action with 235 men and fighting with great gallantry. Its losses on this date were 67 killed and wounded. The 26th was one of the ten regiments chosen to receive the capitulation of the garrison and performed provost and guard duty at Port Hudson until July 25, when it was ordered home via Cairo, Chicago and New York. It was mustered out of service at Norwich on August 17, the men being paid and finally discharged two days later, after a term of service of over nine months. Its casualties were 51 killed and mortally wounded, 142 wounded, 84 died of disease, 21 discharged for disability, and 2 unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-seventh Infantry.—Colonel, Richard S. Bostwick; Lieut.-Colonel, Henry C. Merwin; Majors, Theodore Byxbee, James H. Coburn. The 27th came from New Haven county, was recruited in the early fall of 1862, and rendezvoused at New Haven, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on October 22 for nine months. All its field officers had seen previous military service with the three months' troops. On the day of its muster in the regiment left the state for Washington, with 829 officers and men, and after a month spent in the defenses of Washington was ordered to Falmouth to join the Army of the Potomac. There it was assigned to the 3d brigade (Zook's), 1st division (Hancock's), 2nd corps (General Couch). The regiment, with the exception of the flank companies were wretchedly armed with the inferior Austrian rifle. On December 13, all but 264 men on detached picket duty along the river, participated in the disastrous and bloody assault on Marye's heights at Fredericksburg, losing out of 375 men in action, 16 killed, 89 wounded and 3 missing, nearly one-third of its strength. On the night of December 14, it withdrew with the army across the river and went into winter quarters, where it was transferred to the 4th brigade, commanded by Colonel John R. Brooke. On April 15, 1863, it moved on the Chancellorsville campaign and was actively engaged during the battle, suffering its greatest loss on May 3, when the regiment, except Cos. D and F, was surrounded and captured by a superior force of the enemy, while attempting to hold an advanced picket line, after the rest of the army had retired to the rear of the Chancellor house. The loss of the regiment during the battle was 292, all but 9 of whom were captured. The prisoners were soon after paroled and exchanged, but were still subject to their parole at the time of the battle of Gettysburg. Cos. D and F, augmented to three companies by the addition of some 75 men of the other companies, returned from special service and sick leave, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Merwin, were actively engaged at Gettysburg on July 2-3, and lost 39 killed, wounded and missing, among the killed being Lieut.-Colonel Merwin. The little band of the 27th was highly commended by General Hancock for its services in the "wheat field" on the 2nd. After the battle the remnant of the regiment moved with the army in pursuit of Lee and then moved with the 2nd corps to Harper's Ferry. On July 18, 1863, it severed its connection with the Army of the Potomac and was joined at Baltimore by the paroled prisoners of war. Four days later it arrived at New Haven, where it was mustered out on July 27. The following closing words of the order issued by Colonel Brooke, commanding the 4th brigade, in parting with the men of the 27th, well attest the character of the regiment: "Side by side with the veterans of the Army of the Potomac it has fought, and by the gallantry of its conduct won for itself an enviable name and reputation, which may well in future years cause all who belong to it to feel a pardonable pride in having to say that they served with the Twenty-seventh Connecticut." The losses of the 27th during service were 47 killed and mortally wounded, 116 wounded, 285 captured, 20 died of disease, 1 in prison, 54 were discharged for disability, and 5 were unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-eighth Infantry.—Colonel, Samuel P. Ferris; Lieut.-Colonel, W. T. Batcheller; Major, William B. Wescome. This was' the last regiment organized in the state under the call for nine months' volunteers. It was recruited from the counties of Fairfield and Litchfield and rendezvoused at Camp Terry, New Haven, about the middle of September, 1862, where it was mustered into the U. S. service on November 15. It was composed of only eight companies and was ably commanded by Colonel Ferris, a graduate of West Point, and a regular army officer. It left the state for Centerville, L. I., on November 16; was the fifth Connecticut regiment to be assigned to Banks' expedition; arrived at Camp Parapet, near Carrollton, Louisiana, December 19, and was at once ordered to Pensacola, Florida It remained here, pleasantly quartered, until March 20, when it moved to Fort Barrancas, the routine of camp and guard duties being only varied by an occasional expedition until in May, when it joined the army before Port Hudson, and shared in all the siege operations until July 9. It was almost constantly under fire and had its full share in the assault on June 14, when it furnished 250 men for the storming party. Its loss on this occasion was 2 commissioned officers and 7 enlisted men killed, 40 men wounded and 10 missing. After the fall of Port Hudson it garrisoned the place until relieved and ordered home on August 7, 1863, via Cairo, and was mustered out at New Haven, August 28, 1863, after a service of nine months. Its total losses were 19 killed and mortally wounded, 39 wounded, 7 captured, 86 died of disease, 1 from accident, 9 were discharged for disability, and 1 was unaccounted for at muster out.

Twenty-ninth Infantry (Colored).—Colonel, William B. Wooster; Lieut.-Colonels, Henry C. Ward, David Torrance; Majors, Henry C. Ward, David Torrance, Frederick E. Camp, William J. Ross. Authority to recruit a regiment of colored volunteers was obtained from the war department late in the summer of 1863, to be credited to the quota of the state. It was filled to the maximum by the middle of January, 1864, but was not mustered into the U. S. service until March 8, for lack of officers. Colonel Wooster was formerly lieutenant-colonel of the 20th Conn. During organization and before muster-in, the regiment rendezvoused at Fair Haven, and on March 19, 1864, it embarked on transport for Annapolis, Maryland, where the men were armed with the best Springfield rifle. It was assigned to the 9th corps, then assembling at Annapolis; sailed for Hilton Head, S. C, where it arrived on April 13; proceeded thence to Beaufort, S. C., where it was occupied in drill and guard duty for about four months; and was then ordered to Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, arriving there on August 14. A part of the regiment at once engaged in a reconnoissance with a detachment of the 10th corps, and exhibited coolness and bravery under fire. It was assigned to General William G. Birney's brigade, of General Turner's division (3d), 10th corps. After engaging in an advance at Deep Bottom, it returned and encamped at Point of Rocks until August 24, when it relieved the 18th Conn. in front of Petersburg. It was ordered to the rear for rest on Sept 24; a few days later was engaged at New Market heights, and in October assisted in repelling an attempt of the enemy to turn the right of the 10th corps on the Darbytown road. It next engaged in the reconnoissance up the Darbytown road with some loss; met with a loss of 80 killed and wounded in the affair at the Kell house; soon after was assigned to the 1st brigade and performed garrison duty in certain detached redoubts along the Newmarket road. Early in December, 1864, it moved to the left of Fort Harrison, where it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 25th corps, and remained in this position during the rest of the winter, engaged in picketing, drilling and building roads and earthworks. Up to March, 1865, the regiment had met with losses amounting to 143 killed, wounded and missing. Late in March it was assigned the duty of garrisoning Fort Harrison, one of the most important points on the whole line and the most probable point of attack by the enemy. From the magazine of this fort the men witnessed the last Confederate dress parade on April 2, 1865. On the following day, when the enemy were in full retreat, the 29th hurried on the exciting race to reach the burning Confederate capital, and it is believed that Cos. C and G, which were ordered forward as skirmishers, were the first infantry to enter the city. With its brigade it was stationed in Batteries No. 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the interior line of defenses of Richmond until the 13th, when it moved to Petersburg, thence to Point Lookout, Maryland, where it was employed in guarding prisoners until May 28, when it moved to City Point, and on June 10 it embarked with the 10th corps for Texas. It remained at Brownsville, on the Rio Grande, until ordered home on October 14, 1865. It arrived at Hartford November 24, and the following day the men were paid and finally discharged from the service. It had been in service for 1 year and 8 months, and during this period had received 8 officers and 210 enlisted men as recruits. Its casualties were 42 killed and mortally wounded, 135 wounded, 178 died of disease, 6 from accident, 1 was captured, 103 were discharged for disability, and 1 was unaccounted for at muster out . The colored soldiers of the 29th had amply demonstrated that they could fight both willingly and bravely, and it is a fact to be remembered that both officers and men knew little quarter would be shown them if captured.

Thirtieth Infantry, (Colored).—Colonel, Henry C. Ward. After the 29th was completed it was discovered that more colored troops could be raised in the state and on January 12, 1864, Governor Buckingham authorized the organization of the 30th infantry. So urgent was the demand for men at the front, that as soon as four companies were recruited, they were sent to Virginia, where they were assigned to the 3d brigade, Ferrero's division, 9th corps. The ranks of the regiment were never filled to the maximum, and during its early service was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel W. E. E. Ross. Subsequently it became the 31st U. S. Colored infantry, with three Connecticut men among the field and staff officers, viz.: Colonel Ward, Adjt. George Freeman and Q. M. Dee Laroo Wilson. It was posted in the rear until June 14 to prevent attack by the enemy's cavalry, and then joined the army in front of Petersburg, holding different positions of the line until July 30, when it shared in the sanguinary charge after the mine explosion, losing 136 killed, wounded and missing. Among the severely wounded were Lieut. Colonel Ross and Major Wright. Said Major Wright in his official report of this engagement: "I cannot speak too highly of both officers and men in this engagement. More bravery and enthusiasm I never witnessed. Besides their patriotic ardor, they went into that action with a determination to command the respect of white troops, which they knew could only be obtained by hard fighting." The regiment next followed the movements of the army along the South Side railroad and participated in a severe skirmish during the reconnoissance of the 5th and 9th corps to the Boydtown plank road. It was again engaged at Hatcher's run in October and on November 6, 1864, Colonel Ward assumed command of the regiment, which was soon after increased from a battalion to a regiment of ten companies from new recruits received. On November 18, it moved to the Bermuda Hundred front, and held the right of the line there until the end of December, constantly exposed to the fire of the enemy. On Christmas day, with the other colored troops, it joined the 25th corps and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 2nd division, stationed near Fort Harrison. In March, 1865, a detachment was sent for duty at Dutch gap, but rejoined the regiment before it moved on the spring campaign. On March 27, it crossed the James river, going into position on the left of the Army of the Potomac, and was then constantly under fire until April 3, sharing in the operations southwest of Petersburg, leading to the evacuation of that city and Richmond. It then joined in the pursuit of Lee's army for six days, averaging 16 hours marching in every 24; during the 30 hours ending 11 P. M., April 8, it covered 60 miles. On the 9th, the day of the surrender, it was in position on the extreme left of the Union army and advanced in line of battle. It now rested until June 10, when it was ordered to Texas with the 25th corps, and performed garrison duty at Brownsville until October 11, 1865. It was then ordered home for muster-out and was paid and finally discharged the service at Hartford, December 1, 1865, after a service of about 1 year and S months. The casualties of the Connecticut men in the regiment were 24 killed and fatally wounded, 14 missing, probably killed, 44 wounded, 7 captured, 3 died in prison, 51 died of disease, 26 were discharged for disability, and 10 were unaccounted for at muster out.

First Cavalry.—Colonels, William S. Fish, Erastus Blakeslee, Brayton Ives; Lieut.-Colonels, William S. Fish, Charles Farnsworth, Erastus Blakeslee, Brayton Ives, Edward W. Whitaker; Majors, Judson M. Lyon. William S. Fish, Charles Farnsworth, Erastus Blakeslee, Brayton Ives, George O. Marcy, Edward W. Whitaker, Leonard P. Goodwin, John B. Morehouse. The 1st cavalry began its service as a battalion of four companies, one from each Congressional district, in the fall of 1861. The men rendezvoused at Camp Tyler, West Meriden, October 23, and were mustered into the U. S. service for three years on the 26th. On February 20, 1862, with 346 officers and men, commanded by Major Lyon, it proceeded to Wheeling, West Virginia, whence it moved to Moorefield and engaged in scouting up and down the South Potomac valley. As a part of General Schenck’s brigade it took part in the battle at McDowell; repulsed Ashby's cavalry at Franklin; was again engaged at Wardensville and as part of the army under General Fremont, made the forced march over the mountains into the Shenandoah Valley, to the relief of General Banks. It was active during the pursuit at Strasburg; fought valiantly at Harrisonburg, Cross Keys and Port Republic, after which it retired with the army across the mountains to Sperryville. As part of Stahel's brigade, Sigel's corps, it fought at Cedar mountain, and then joined in the pursuit of Jackson to the Rapidan. It next fought through Pope's disastrous campaign, skirmishing at Rappahannock Station, Waterloo Bridge, and Sulphur Springs. It was also active at Thoroughfare gap, Groveton, the second Bull Run and Chantilly, and covered the army on its retreat . It remained at Washington for about 3 months, receiving there about 100 recruits and being entirely refitted and remounted. In December it moved to Stafford Court House, scouting and picketing, and was then assigned to duty as provost guard in Baltimore. While on duty there it was recruited to a full regiment of twelve companies, detachments were engaged in numerous scouting expeditions, and during the year the regiment took part in the engagements at Frederick City, Bolivar heights, Tunnel Hill, Waterford, Leesburg, Winchester, Berryville Snickersville and Harrisonburg. In the early part of March 1864, under command of Colonel Blakeslee and numbering 675 men, it proceeded to Stevensburg, where it joined the Army of the Potomac and was assigned to the 1st brigade, 3d division, Sheridan's cavalry corps, with which it served until the end of the war On May 4, 1864, it moved with the army on the Wilderness campaign, being active at Craig's Church, Todd's tavern, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and in Sheridan's daring raid toward Richmond. Rejoining the army on the 25th it was in the engagements that followed in rapid succession at Hanover Court House, Ashland, Haw's shop, Studley, and Ruffin's house, after which its division acted as rear-guard to the army during the movement across the James river. The regiment crossed the river on June 17 and on the 22nd moved on Wilson's raid against the South-Side railroad, engaging the enemy in rapid succession at Ford's station, Nottoway Court House, Roanoke Station, Stony creek, and Reams' station, finally returning to Petersburg on July 2, completely exhausted, having suffered almost incredible hardships. For its gallant services in covering the rear during the retreat, it received the special thanks of General Wilson. After a month's rest in camp and on picket duty, it was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley, being remounted and entirely refitted en route at Washington. It had its full share in Sheridan's brilliant campaign in the valley; was active at Winchester, Summit Point, Charleston, and Kearneysville, where a squadron under Captain Rogers aided in the capture of the 8th S. C. infantry; opened the battle of Winchester on September 19, and was in the skirmishes that followed at Front Royal, Spring Valley, New Market, Waynesboro, Bridgewater, Harrisonburg and Strasburg. While on picket duty at Cedar Run Church, October 17, Major Marcy and 30 men were captured during a night raid of the enemy under Rosser. The regiment led the splendid charge of General Custer around the left flank of the enemy after the battle of Cedar creek and was then engaged in the arduous duties incident to the cavalry service for several weeks, being constantly on the move. In a sharp skirmish with Rosser at Cedar creek in November, it met with a loss of 30 men, including Captain Rogers, who was wounded. The winter of 1864-65 was a severe one, but the 1st was not idle, marching with its division 120 miles in 4 days—December 19-22—and engaging the enemy at Lacey's springs. In February, 1865, a detachment marched 140 miles in 48 hours and assisted in the capture of the noted Harry Gilmore while he was in bed. In the latter part of that month it moved with Sheridan on his great raid from Winchester to Petersburg, especially distinguishing itself at Waynesboro and Ashland. After its arrival before Petersburg it fought dismounted at Five Forks, where the regiment captured 2 guns, and during the next few days, while Sheridan was moving rapidly to cut off Lee's only avenue of escape, it was engaged at Sweat House creek. Harper's farm, and Sailor's creek. When General Lee displayed the white flag at Appomattox, Lieut.-Colonel Whitaker of the 1st Conn., General Custer's chief of staff, began the negotiations which stopped the fighting, and a little later the regiment was detailed to escort General Grant when he went to receive Lee's surrender. After the surrender it moved with Sheridan to Danville, and after General Johnston's surrender on the 26th it moved back to Washington, where it participated in the grand review. It remained in Washington on provost duty until mustered out on August 2, 1865, and was allowed to return home mounted. On August 17-18 the men were paid and finally discharged, after a term of 3 years and nearly 10 months. The record of the 1 st regiment was a notable one; it had engaged the enemy over 90 times; had met with some loss in over 80 engagements; had fought as cavalry, infantry and artillery; had captured many guns, wagons, colors and prisoners; three of its officers became brevet brigadier generals, and of the 12 medals of honor awarded Connecticut soldiers by Congress, three went to members of the 1st cavalry. Its total enrolment includes 2,611 officers and men, and its casualties during service were 39 killed and mortally wounded, 10 missing, probably killed, 91 wounded, 304 captured, 89 died in prison, 74 died of disease, 190 discharged for disability, and 4 unaccounted for at muster out.

First Squadron Cavalry.—Captains, William H. Mallory, Co. A (Co. C, 2nd N. Y. cavalry); T. Bradlee Thornett and Marcus Coon, Co. B (Co. D, 2nd N. Y. cavalry). This squadron consisted of two companies recruited during August, 1861, under authority granted to Major William H. Mallory of Bridgeport, as part of a plan to raise a regiment of twelve companies—one squadron from each of six different states. The understanding was that this was to be a distinctly Connecticut organization; to be officered by the governor of Connecticut; each of the volunteers to receive the usual state bounty; and the state to be credited on its quota for all enlistments made under this plan. Connecticut faithfully fulfilled her part of the agreement, but the war department ignored the right of the governor to appoint any officers after the acceptance of the squadron, which was soon consolidated with the 2nd N. Y., otherwise known as the "Harris Light Cavalry." Besides this both officers and men were assigned to the quota of New York, the adjutant-general of Connecticut never receiving the muster rolls or reports of the two companies, and the records of the state are in consequence very meager. Co. A was mustered into the U. S. service on August 13, 1861, for three years and Co. B on the 29th. As soon as the regiment reached Washington it went into camp of instruction on Arlington heights, where it received the training which later made it more than a match for the hard riding soldiers of the Confederacy. The squadron remained in active service throughout the war and was finally mustered out on June 23, 1865. Forty-one of the original members of the squadron reenlisted as veterans on December 23, 1863, and were assigned to various companies without reference to the original squadron. A partial list of its engagements includes Falmouth, Rappahannock Station, Gainesville, Martinsburg, South mountain, Catlett's station, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville Aldie, New Baltimore, Gettysburg, Rapidan Station, Liberty Mills, White's ford, Brandy Station, Todd's tavern and Reams' station. A list of its casualties include 11 killed and fatally wounded, 4 wounded, 27 captured, 32 died in prison, from disease or by accident, 24 discharged for disability, and 2 unaccounted for at muster out.

First Heavy Artillery.—Colonels, Levi Woodhouse, Robert O. Tyler, Henry L. Abbott; Lieut.-Colonels, Nelson L. White, Thomas S Trumbull, George Ager; Majors, P. L. Cunningham, Henry W. Birge, L. G. Hemingway, Thos. S. Trumbull, Elisha S. Kellogg, George B. Cook, Albert F. Brooker, George Ager, Charles O. Brigham,. Henry H. Pierce, Samuel P. Hatfield. This regiment was organized as the 4th infantry, in response to the first call for 75,000 men to serve for three months. Its companies rendezvoused at Hartford, expecting to be included among those accepted under that call, but the state's quota was already more than full. Three regiments instead of one had been accepted from the state under the first call, on condition that subsequent enlistments should be for three years. Consequently the 4th was reorganized for this period and was mustered into the U. S. service on May 23, 1861. It is believed to have been the first three years' regiment of any state ready for service. It had been recruited from the state at large and left for Chambersburg on June 10, to join the command of General Patterson. It was brigaded with the 1st Wis. and 11th Pennsylvania, and stationed at Hagerstown, Frederick City, and Damestown until October 2, 1861, when it was ordered to Washington and there encamped throughout the winter. On January 2, 1862, its organization was changed to heavy artillery and was soon recruited to the artillery maximum by the addition of Cos. L and M. Colonel Woodhouse having resigned in September, Colonel Tyler was assigned the command on September 26, 1862, and enforced the most rigid discipline throughout the winter. On April 3, 1862, it moved upon the Peninsular campaign; took an active part in the siege of Yorktown and the engagements at Hanover Court House, Chickahominy, Gaines' mill, and Malvern hill; was highly commended for its services during the campaign by General McClellan in his official report. Out of 26 heavy guns brought up from Yorktown, 25 were safely brought to Harrison's landing. and at the close of the campaign it was ranked by competent military judges as the best volunteer regiment of heavy artillery in the field. On August 12, 1862, the regiment was ordered into the defenses of Washington, where it remained (except Cos. B and M) until the spring campaign of 1864. The above two companies were active at Fredericksburg, firing 357 rounds. Equipped as light batteries, they served with the Army of the Potomac during all its movements in 1863, finally rejoining the regiment in April, 1864. Colonel Tyler was promoted to be brigadier general in November, 1862, and Captain Henry L. Abbot of the U. S. topographical engineers was appointed to the command of the regiment. It reported to General Butler near Bermuda Hundred on May 13, 1864, with about 1,700 men; served as infantry until the arrival of its siege train in June; then continued to serve as siege artillery with the Armies of the Potomac and James until the final evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond. During this period the siege train was organized as a separate brigade under Colonel Abbot, companies from other organizations being attached to it as needed. It sometimes exceeded 3,500 men and embraced 127 guns and 73 mortars. It manned a line of batteries 17 miles long and fired 1,200 tons of ammunition or 63,940 rounds during the siege. Brigadier-General Abbot, in the concise and accurate history of the regiment prepared by him, states: "The depot, under command of Major Hatfield, was at Broadway landing on the Appomattox river, where the needful wharves and some strong earthworks for defense were built. The guns not in use were kept afloat and he was supplied with about 20 schooners and barges, a steam tug, and a permanent train of 50 government wagons, often largely increased. The guns were moved by 4 light artillery teams of Co. M, 1st Pennsylvania artillery, attached to the depot. Ammunition was forwarded daily as needed, the amount being regulated by telegraph. For batteries serving on the lines of the Army of the Potomac, Colonel Abbot reported to the chief of artillery, General Hunt; and for those on the lines of the Army of the James, direct to its commanding general. Orders at times were received from General Grant in person. The batteries, in groups, were commanded by the field officers of the regiment; rations were supplied by the regimental commissary; and the sick were cared for in a special field hospital at Broadway landing. This system worked admirably, and gave to the 1st Conn. artillery an independent and responsible position." At the time of the mine explosion, July 30, 1864, Cos. A, B, C, D, F, G, I, and M, of the 1st Conn., and Cos. C, H, and K, 4th N. Y. served 81 guns and mortars and fired 16,062 rounds—about 300 tons of ammunition. From this time on, says General Abbot: "The siege took the form of bombardment. The average weight of metal thrown daily was: 5.2 tons; September, 7.8 tons; October, 4.5 tons; November, 2.7 tons; December, 2.1 tons; January, 1.6 tons; and February, 1.1 tons—aggregating 793 tons (37,264 rounds). Near Petersburg sudden artillery battles occurred at all hours of the day and night, often involving the entire line. To check an annoying enfilade fire from the left bank of the Appomattox, a 13-inch sea-coast mortar was mounted on a reinforced platform car and served on a curve of the railroad track by Co. G. This novelty was widely known as the 'Petersburg Express.'" Important services were also rendered by detachments of the regiment at Dutch gap and much damage was done the Confederate fleet lying in Graveyard bend. Another important service was rendered by the 1st Conn., on the night of January 23, 1865, when it drove back the enemy's fleet, attempting to pass down the river and destroy the Union base at City Point, for which it was highly commended by General Grant. Three companies, B, G, and L, under General Abbot went with Terry's expedition to Fort Fisher in January, 1865, carrying a siege train of sixteen 30-pounder Parrotts and 20 Coehorn mortars, but before their arrival the fort had been reduced and the detachment returned to the lines before Richmond. The regiment was heavily engaged during the attack of the enemy on Fort Stedman,. where Cos. K and L lost 65 men. Private G. E. McDonald of the latter company was awarded a medal of honor for capturing the flag of the 26th Georgia. When the final assault was delivered upon the enemy's works, April 2, 1865, the 1st Conn. occupied eleven forts and batteries, served 49 guns and fired 4,257 rounds, performing most effective service. A detachment of 100 men from Cos. E, I, K, L and M was in the assaulting column near Battery No. 20 and entered the works among the very first, immediately turning the enemy's guns upon their retreating masses. This ended the active participation of the 1st in the war. It was occupied in the removal of the trains and the heaviest of the captured ordnance until July 13, when it again entered the defenses of Washington. It was mustered out on September 25, 1865, after a service of 4 years and 4 months, and was finally discharged on October 1. The high character and efficiency of the regiment was in a very great measure due to the policy of Governor Buckingham in making all promotions as rewards of merit and not as personal favors. The regiment was thus characterized by Major-General Barry in a letter to Colonel Abbot: "As chief of artillery successively of the two principal armies of the United States during the four years of war now happily ended, I have enjoyed unusual opportunities for observation. You will on this account value my opinion when I assure you that the 1st Conn. artillery, in intelligence and the acquirements and services of its special arm, stands unrivaled in the armies of the United States." On the muster out rolls of the regiment are the names of 3,367 officers and men, add to these 435 reenlistments and the total enrolment is 3,802. Its casualties during service were 54 killed and fatally wounded, 68 wounded, 34 captured, 160 died of disease, 4 in prison, 3 by drowning, 311 were discharged for disability, and 13 were unaccounted for at muster out; total casualties, 647.

Second Heavy Artillery.—Colonels, Leverett Wessels, Elisha S. Kellogg, Ranald S. Mackenzie, James Hubbard; Lieut.-Colonels, Elisha S. Kellogg, Nathaniel Smith, James Hubbard, Jeffrey Skinner; Majors, Nathaniel Smith, James Hubbard, William B. Ells, James Q. Rice, Jeffrey Skinner, Edward W. Jones, Augustus H. Fenn, Chester D. Cleveland. The 2nd heavy artillery was originally recruited from Litchfield county and designated as the 19th infantry in response to the call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 volunteers to serve for three years. The several companies rendezvoused in August at Camp Dutton, Litchfield, where they were mustered into the U. S. service September 11, 1862. Mrs. William Curtis Noyes presented the organization with a beautiful stand of colors and it left for Washington on the 15th, proceeding thence to Alexandria, Virginia, where it was equipped with tents and Enfield rifles and assigned to the Army of the Potomac. It performed provost duty in the city until January 12, 1863; was then stationed at Fort Worth, near Fairfax Seminary, for four months, when it was assigned to garrison duty by detachments in Fort Ellsworth, redoubts A, B, C, and D, and the water battery on the Potomac below Alexandria. On November 23, 1863, by order of the war department, the regiment was changed to an artillery organization and during the next three months was rapidly recruited to the maximum of an artillery regiment. numbering 1,800 men. In May, 1864, it joined the Army of the Potomac near Fredericksburg and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 1st division, 6th corps. Hard marching and skirmishing, attended with some losses, brought it to Cold Harbor, where in the fierce fighting it attacked the earthworks defended by Longstreet's veterans and lost 323 men, 129 of whom were killed or mortally wounded—one of the heaviest losses sustained by any regiment during the war. Colonel Kellogg was killed while leading the advance and Major Ells was severely wounded. The regiment was constantly under fire at Cold Harbor until June 12, and on the 19th it occupied the rifle pits in front of Petersburg, relieving the 11th Conn. infantry. On the 22nd it was actively engaged with Hill's division, losing 19 killed and wounded. In July, at the time Early's raid threatened Washington, it was ordered to that city and on its arrival engaged in the pursuit of the Confederates, crossing the Shenandoah on the 20th and going into camp near Berryville. It returned to Tenallytown on the 23d; rejoined the 6th corps on the 27th; was engaged in skirmishing with Early's army in the valley until September 11; lost at Winchester on September 19, 14 officers and 122 enlisted men in killed and wounded, Major Rice being among the killed, and Colonel Mackenzie and Major Skinner slightly wounded. In his report General Sheridan says: "At Winchester for a moment the contest was uncertain, but the gallant attack of General Upton's brigade (2nd Conn. artillery, 65th and 121st N. Y. and 95th Pennsylvania) restored the line of battle until the turning column of Crook, Merritt and Averell's divisions of cavalry sent the enemy whirling through Winchester." It was again active at Fisher's hill, but its loss was small, and was again engaged with Early's forces at Cedar creek, losing 38 killed and 96 wounded, while Lieut. Henry Skinner and about 40 men of Cos. E and L, on picket duty at the time, were captured and were not released until the close of the war. During November, 1864, it was encamped at Kernstown and early in December rejoined Grant's army before Petersburg, going into winter quarters at Parke Station. Colonel Mackenzie having been promoted brigadier general, Lieut.-Colonel Hubbard was advanced to the colonelcy. It participated in the movement to Hatcher's run in February, 1865, losing 9 men wounded. In the engagement in front of Fort Fisher in March it lost 7 killed and 13 wounded. On April 2, it joined in the general and final assault on Petersburg, meeting with some loss. It then reported to Major-General Parke, commanding the 9th corps and entered Petersburg on the 3d. Rejoining the 6th corps the next day it followed in pursuit of the fleeing enemy and fought its last engagement at Sailor's creek, losing 3 killed and 7 wounded, but capturing a battle flag, the headquarters train of Mahone's division and a number of prisoners. It was encamped near Clover hill when Lee surrendered, and later in the month moved with its corps to Danville. Learning of Johnston's surrender, the force at Danville returned to Burkesville, thence to Manchester, Fredericksburg, Bailey's crossroads, where the 2nd Conn. was augmented by the recruits of the 14th Conn., the original members of that regiment having been mustered out. It took part in a grand review at Washington on June 8 and garrisoned forts near Washington until its final muster out at Fort Ethan Allen, August 18, 1865. The men were paid and finally discharged at New Haven on September 5. The whole number of men who had served with the organization, both as infantry and as artillery, was 2,719 and the regiment had been in service for 2 years and 11 months. Its casualties while in service were 242 killed and mortally wounded, 476 wounded, 175 died of disease, in prison or by accident, 11 reported as missing, probably killed, 10 accidentally wounded, 285 discharged for disability, and 14 were unaccounted for at muster out, a total of 1,306. Its loss in killed and fatally wounded exceeded that of any Connecticut regiment in the war and its loss in wounded was only exceeded by that of the 14th infantry.

First Light Battery.—Captains, Alfred P. Rockwell, James B. Clinton. This battery was organized in October, 1861, and was recruited from the state at large. The members rendezvoused at Meriden (Hanover village) and were mustered into the U. S. service on October 26, 1861, for three years. The battery, numbering 156 men, embarked for New York January 13, 1862, and on the 21st left there for Port Royal, S. C., landing at Beaufort on February 6. Here, during the next three months, it was thoroughly drilled in artillery tactics, and saw its first actual service at Pocotaligo. During General Hunter's movement in June against Charleston, by way of James island, it took an active part and received honorable mention in General Orders for good conduct and well served guns. The left section of the battery shared in an expedition to Florida, in September and October, 1862, and was active at Fort Finnegan. The battery was present, but not active, during the second movement against Charleston in April, 1863, and soon after returned to Beaufort. During an expedition to destroy the railroad bridge above Willstown, S. C., in June, a section commanded by Lieut. Clinton lost 2 of its guns through the grounding of the steamer, the guns being sunk in the river to prevent their capture. The battery was engaged in July on James island, during the third movement against Charleston, and was complimented by General Terry. Soon after this it was ordered to Folly island, where for 9 months it formed part of the reserve under General Gillmore. In December, 1863, while stationed here, 46 of the men reenlisted for another term of three years. On April 18, 1864, it embarked for Fortress Monroe, whence it proceeded to Gloucester Point, and on May 4 was ordered to join General Butler's forces at Bermuda Hundred. It was actively engaged at Chester Station on the Richmond & Petersburg turnpike and at Proctor's creek, losing 2 killed and 10 wounded, among the former being Lieut. George Metcalf. It then returned to the intrenchments at Bermuda Hundred until June 27, taking an active part in the actions at Grovert's house and at Ware Bottom Church. After the affair at Deep Bottom in August it was in the intrenchments before Petersburg to September 23, almost constantly engaged. It then moved across the James river to a point near Fort Harrison and was assigned to the light artillery brigade, 25th corps, under General Weitzel. It was active at Chaffin's bluff and Johnson's farm in October; was then ordered to City Point, where it exchanged its 6-pounder James rifles for 12-pounder Napoleons; was comparatively inactive during the winter 1864-65, being located near the James river, in the rear of Fort Burnham, but on April 3, 1865, after the enemy had abandoned their defenses, it entered Richmond with the 25th corps, where the news of Lee's surrender was received. It continued to serve in the vicinity of Richmond until June 11, when it was mustered out at Manchester, starting for home the following day, and reaching New Haven on the 14th, the first of the veteran troops to return to the state. It had been in service 3 years and 8 months, and participated in about 20 engagements. It started out with 156 men, 46 of whom had reenlisted, and it received altogether about 140 recruits. Its casualties were 2 killed, 18 wounded, 2 accidentally wounded, 20 died of disease, and 4 discharged for disability.

Second Light Battery.—Captains, John W. Sterling, Walter S. Hotchkiss. The 2nd light battery was organized in August, 1862, in Bridgeport, and was mustered into the U. S. service for three years or the war, on September 10. On October 15, it left for Washington, via New York city, where it remained encamped until December 12. It then moved to Fairfax Court House, Virginia, and was assigned to the 2nd brigade, Casey's division, under command of General Stoughton. Near the end of January, 1863, it moved to Wolf Run shoals, forming part of the defenses of Washington until June 25, when it reported to General Tyler, commanding the artillery reserve, Army of the Potomac. At the battle of Gettysburg the battery was in position to the left of the center for 56 hours, but was fortunate in having only 3 men slightly wounded. After the battle it moved to Frederick City, and thence to Washington, where it arrived on August 20. Two days later it embarked for New York and served in that state while the draft was taking place. It then returned to Washington and on January 24, 1864, proceeded to Baltimore, where it embarked for New Orleans for service in the Department of the Gulf. It was stationed for a time at Brashear City, with one section at Thibodeaux; then proceeded to Algiers and on July 30 embarked on transport for Dauphin island, Mobile harbor. Here it was engaged in assisting the fleet under Farragut during the reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, after which it returned to Algiers, and soon after went into winter quarters in New Orleans. During the winter it was stationed at the mouth of the White river, Kennerville and Greenville, Louisiana, at Fort Morgan, Alabama, and from March 11 to 20 at Barrancas and Pensacola, Florida It then began its march through the Black swamp to Fort Blakely, Alabama, and witnessed the fall of that stronghold on April 9, 1865. It continued to serve in the Department of the Gulf until its return home in July, and was mustered out at New Haven, August, 9, 1865, after nearly 3 years of service, during which it had marched and traveled about 6,000 miles, and had used up 205 horses. Its losses were 1 killed, 3 wounded, 18 died of disease and accident, and 8 were discharged for disability—total 30.

Third Light Battery— Captain, Thomas S. Gilbert. The 3d light battery was organized at Fair Haven during the early fall of 1864, some of its members enlisting for one and some for two years' service. Many of the men had served in other organizations, particularly in the 1st heavy artillery. The members were gradually mustered in from September 1 to October 27, and left for the front on November 16, arriving at Broadway landing, on the James river, on the 19th, where Captain Gilbert reported his command to Brigadier-General Abbot, commanding the 1st Conn. heavy artillery. The battery was assigned by detachments to garrison redoubts Nos. 2, 5, 7, and 8, defenses of City Point. As many of the men were previously inured to the service and the battery drilled constantly, the command was soon in an excellent state of discipline.. On January 23, 1865, when the Confederate fleet tried to pass down the James river to destroy the Union base at City Point, one section of the battery, with four 4.5-inch siege guns, was posted in front of General Grant's headquarters, where it could cover the wharves and storehouses, until the gunboats were driven back, when it returned to the redoubts. In the final advance on the works of Petersburg, the 3d battery was left to defend the entire line, the infantry and engineers having gone forward and while the grand assault was in progress they stood by their guns with the roar of battle in their ears, ready for action if the necessity presented. After Lee's surrender the battery was employed is dismantling the enemy's fortifications and removing the heavy ordnance near Chaffin's bluff on the north side of the James. On June 23, 1865, 93 members of the battery whose terms expired prior to October 1, were mustered out of service, and returned to New Haven, where they were paid and finally discharged on July 3,—the 27 men, whose terms did not expire, were transferred by order of the war department to the 1st Conn. heavy artillery. The battery had been in service about 9 months, though several of its members witnessed not only the inception of the war, but the final scenes which closed the great drama. Its total casualties while in service were only 7. Of these, 3 died of disease, 2 were accidentally wounded, and 2 were discharged for disability.