Quackenbush through Quoins

QUACKENBUSH, Stephen Platt, naval officer, born in Albany, New York, 23 January, 1823. He entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman in 1840, became lieutenant in 1855 and lieutenant-commander in 1862. During the Civil War he was in charge of the “Delaware,” the “Unadilla,” the “Pequot,” the “Patapsco,” and the “Mingo,” of the Blockading Squadron. He covered General Ambrose E. Burnside's army in falling back from Aquia creek and the landing at Roanoke Island, scattering a large body of the enemy, took part in the battles at Elizabeth City and New Berne, North Carolina, flying the divisional flag of Commodore Stephen C. Rowan, and engaged the Confederate batteries and a regiment of flying infantry at Winton, North Carolina, where 700 or 800 Union men had been reported, and a white flag displayed as a decoy for the naval vessels. He was then ordered to deliver to the people General Burnside's and Admiral Louis M. Goldsborough’s proclamation concerning the 700 or 800 men reported. When the “Delaware” was close to the shore a body of armed Confederates was reported. She opened fire, and Winton was destroyed according to orders, in consequence of the display of the white flag. He subsequently was in action at Sewell's Point Landing, Wilcox landing, and Malvern hill, on James River, where he commanded the “Pequot.” and received a shot that took off his right leg. He afterward covered the rear-guard of the army in of the steam gun-boat “Unadilla,” of the South Atlantic Squadron, in 1863, he captured the “Princess Royal," which contained machinery for shaping projectiles, engines for an iron-clad then building in Richmond, and a large quantity of quinine. When commanding the “Patapsco,” of the North Atlantic Squadron, in 1864, he was engaged in ascertaining the nature and position of the obstructions in Charleston Harbor, and, while dragging for torpedoes, his ship was struck by one and sunk in twenty seconds. He was then in charge of the steamer “Mingo,” protecting Georgetown, South Carolina, and, with a force of light-draught vessels, prevented the re-erection of a fort by the enemy. He became commander in 1866, captain in 1871, and commodore in 1880. In 1861–2 he was in charge of the U.S. Navy-yard at Pensacola, Florida, and in 1885 he was retired as rear-admiral. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, p. 146.


QUALLATOWN, NORTH CAROLINA, January 31-February 7, 1864. Troops of the Department of the Ohio. Major-General John G. Foster, commanding the Department of the Ohio, reported to General Grant from Maryville, Tennessee, on February 7: "An expedition against Colonel Thomas and his band of Indians and whites at Quallatown has returned completely successful. They surprised the town, killed and wounded 215, took 50 prisoners, and dispersed the remainder of the gang in the mountains. Our loss, 2 killed and 6 wounded." The Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 721.

QUARLES' MILL, VIRGINIA, May 23, 1864. (See North Anna River.)


QUARRELS. All officers of what condition so ever have power to part and quell all quarrels, frays, and disorders, though the persons concerned should belong to another regiment, troop, or company, and either to order officers in arrest, or non-commissioned officers or soldiers into confinement, until their proper superior officers shall be acquainted therewith; and whosoever shall refuse to obey such officer, (though of an inferior rank, and of a different regiment, troop, or company,) or shall draw his sword upon him, shall be punished at the discretion of a general court-martial; (ART. 27.) (Scott, Military Dictionary, Van Nostrand, 1862, p. 477).


QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. (See ARMY for its organization.) This department provides the quarters and transportation of the army, except that, when practicable, wagons and their equipment are provided by the Ordnance Department; storage and transportation for all army supplies; army clothing; camp and garrison equipage; cavalry and artillery horses; fuel; forage; straw and stationery. The incidental expenses of the army (also paid through the quartermaster's department) include per diem to extra duty men: postage on public service; the expenses of courts-martial; of the pursuit and apprehension of deserters; of the burials of officers and soldiers; of hired escorts, of expresses, interpreters, spies, and guides; of veterinary surgeons and medicines for horses; and of supplying posts with water; and, generally, the proper and authorized expenses for the movements and operations of an army not expressly assigned to any other department. (Consult Regulations of the War Department for the Quartermaster's Department.)

These regulations derive their validity from the following acts of Congress: “ It shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause to be provided, in each and every year, all clothing, camp utensils and equipage, medicines and hospital stores, necessary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases, and enter or cause to be entered into all necessary contracts or obligations for effecting the same; (Act March 3, 1799.) The Secretary of War shall be authorized and directed to define and prescribe the species, as well as the amount of supplies to be respectively purchased by the commissary-general's and quartermaster-general's departments, and the respective duties and powers of the said departments respecting such purchases. And the secretary aforesaid is also authorized to fix and make reasonable allowances for the store rent, storage, and salary of storekeepers necessary for the safe keeping of all military stores and supplies; (Act March 3, 1813.) The acts of March 3, 1813, and April 24, 1816, make it also the duty of the Secretary of the War Department to prepare general regulations better defining and prescribing the duties and powers of the several officers of the quartermaster's department, and other staff officers; which regulations, when approved by the President of the United States, shall be respected and obeyed until altered or revoked by the same authority.

An essential element, in all services of supply, is the means of transportation; and its formation, maintenance, and management call for the exercise of unremitting intelligence and activity on the part of the quartermaster. The most important want is the carriage of provisions, to which a very large portion of all military transport must be devoted. The next in importance is the hospital transport service. (See AMBULANCE.) The carriage of ordnance and engineer stores requires a large number of wagons; and the conveyance of camp equipage, regimental and staff baggage, as also of reserve small-arm ammunition, is also indispensable. In most foreign armies the nucleus of a trained transport corps is maintained, in times of peace, organized with especial view to its easy extension for the purposes of war, so that when a force takes the field it carries with it the means of conveying its most essential supplies; while whatever transport can be drawn from the country under occupation, whether by hire or purchase, by requisition or by seizure, can at once be united to the trained and organized corps, and brought under the influence of military order and discipline. In our own army we have in this, as in other respects, too much neglected to prepare in peace for the exigencies of war. Relying upon our financial resources, and believing that while money abounds the materiel of war will riot be wanting, we have overlooked the necessity which exists in every branch of the military service for preliminary practice and training, in order to turn our means to good account. Transport, to be effective, must be organized and trained to a systematic performance of duty, and this cannot be the work of a day. Whatever the nature or organization of the transport, however, a quartermaster should devote his best exertions to maintaining it in a state of efficiency. The men, whether soldiers or natives of the scene of operations, should be as much as possible encouraged to attach themselves to the service. Exposed, as they necessarily are, to so many fatigues and hardships in all weathers, they should be suitably clothed and well fed, and be rendered as comfortable when off duty as circumstances may allow. In the case of native drivers, their peculiar habits should be consulted as far as may be practicable; and while a strict discipline should be maintained, and misconduct immediately and severely punished, good behavior, steadiness, and attention to duty should be noticed and rewarded. Esprit du corps is to masses of men what self-respect is to individuals, and should be fostered by all possible means, since it tends to impress men in every position with a sense of their duty. A quartermaster, who fully understands the importance of his functions, will not find it unworthy of his attention to study the character and disposition of the most humble individual under his orders, with the view of developing his good qualities and abilities to the greatest advantage of the public service. In dealing with people of different nations this becomes peculiarly necessary, and as a large portion of the personnel belonging to the transport of armies is generally drawn from the local population, care should be taken not to offend unnecessarily feelings or even prejudices which, if properly directed, may be used to our advantage.

Another error to be avoided is unnecessary interference in the attempt to improve indiscriminately upon local practices and habits. Both men and animals will work best in the way they have been accustomed to, and even the most obvious improvements should be effected gradually and cautiously, lest in endeavoring to teach a new method before the old has been unlearnt, only the worst features of each should be the result. As a rule the practice in force, however opposed to our notions, is founded upon some sufficiently valid reasons. In this respect we have generally more to learn than to teach, and a little careful observation will probably serve to convince' us that practices which at first sight we are disposed to deride or condemn are, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, preferable to any thing we could substitute.

But while unnecessary interference is to be deprecated, the importance of attending to the conditions of transport animals cannot be too strongly insisted upon. A quartermaster in charge should satisfy himself by frequent personal inspection that the animals are properly stabled, fed, cleaned, and shod; the state of saddlery and harness should be carefully attended to, and on the march no halt should be made without the wagons being examined, and, if necessary, repaired. The break-down of a single wagon may, on a narrow road, seriously obstruct the whole line of march, besides causing the loss of its load. Every cart or wagon should be required to carry the necessary tools for effecting repairs, as also the means of greasing the wheels, by which the draught is greatly diminished, and much wear and tear saved. These are trivial details, but nothing is unimportant that tends to maintain the efficiency of army transport.

In loading, the greatest care should be taken to adapt the weight to the capability of the animal or vehicle, and full allowance must be made for the chances of heavy roads or forced marches. Mules, which for mountainous roads are by far the best pack animals, can carry continuously 2 cwt. for long marches; they are moreover more hardy and less dainty in their food than horses, and, with common care, can withstand any weather. Mules also work well in draught when no great speed is required; but whenever supplies are expected to keep up with cavalry or artillery, light wagons with two horses are preferable to any other kind of transport. A good horse should, over even roads, be able to draw 10 cwt., vehicle included; but over mountainous or heavy roads 12 cwt. (including the carriage) is more than a full load for a pair of horses. For the baggage and supplies required to accompany armies en masse on their ordinary marches, common country wagons drawn by oxen do excellent service; they are slow, but can carry large loads, and the beasts get through a great deal of work upon small quantities of food. A well-organized train of pack animals, though a greater number is requisite than would suffice for draught, is the most manageable transport that can be devised, and for rapid marches far preferable to any other.

The transport required for carriage of the ordinary material of War, and for hospital purposes, can always be computed with tolerable accuracy, since its extent is little affected by local circumstances. But it is different as regards consumable stores. In a country rich in resources, and with a friendly population, a small train suffices even for continuous marches; but if the scene of operations yield little or nothing, if the progress of the army be through a wilderness or a desert of ruined fields and burning villages, it would be necessary to provide transport for the carriage of provisions and forage, and perhaps even wood and water, for the full number of days that the march is calculated to last. The quartermaster must in these cases exercise his own judgment, in concert with the officer commanding the expedition.

It must be borne in mind that every additional transport animal calls for a corresponding addition of supplies. It was computed, during the organization of the British Land Transport in the Crimea, that it would require about 9,000 men and 12,500 animals to carry the rations, ammunition, and hospital establishments for 58,000 men and 30,000 horses for three days. At this rate, additional provision would require to be made for one-third as much forage and one-fifth as many rations as may be requisite for the actual combatant force in order to subsist the transport establishment. In other words, every three horses would have to be calculated as four, and every five soldiers as six, to cover the additional demands of the transport attached to the force. (See TRANSPORTATION.)

In most foreign armies, ships of war are as much as possible used for the transport of troops; and although the presence of soldiers may, to a certain extent, interfere with the economy and discipline of a vessel this objection, particularly in time of peace, is not so powerful as to justify the employment, at a large cost, of private ships, while numbers of our own are making objectless cruises over all the oceans of the globe or lying idle in harbor. A naval officer very naturally dislikes to be encumbered with some hundreds of soldiers with their wives and children, or to have a number of idle officers lounging about his quarter-deck; but there are interests to be consulted beyond even the most praiseworthy professional amour propre, and it ought to be considered whether economy and good policy do not require that a more frequent use should be made of ships of war as transports, and also whether general regulations might not be adopted for the transportation of the articles of supply from the places of purchase to the several armies, garrisons, posts, and recruiting places, and for the safe keeping of such articles, and for the distribution of an adequate and timely supply of the same to the regimental quartermasters, and such other officers as may, by virtue of such regulations, be intrusted with the same. (See ADMINISTRATION; ARMY REGULATIONS; CAMP; CLOTHING; SUPPLIES; TRAIN; WAGON. Consult FONBLANQUE.) (Scott, Military Dictionary, Van Nostrand, 1862, pp. 477-481).


QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL has the rank, pay, and emoluments of brigadier-general. He is not liable for any money or property that may come into the hands of subordinate agents of the department; (Act May 22, 1812.) He accounts as often as required, and at least once in three months, with the Department of War, in such manner as shall be prescribed, for all property which may pass through his hands, or the hands of the subordinate officers in his department, or that may be in his or their possession, and for all moneys which he or they may expend in discharging their respective duties; he shall be responsible for the regularity and correctness of all returns in his department, and he, his deputies, and assistant deputies, before .they enter on the execution of their respective offices, shall severally take an oath faithfully to perform the duties thereof ; (Act March 28, 1812.) The quarter-master-general is authorized to frank and receive letters and packets by post, free of postage; (Act March 2, 1827.) 31 Each quartermaster-general attached to any separate army, command, or district shall be authorized, with the approbation and under the direction of the Secretary of War, to employ as many artificers, mechanics, and laborers as the public service may require; (Act March 3, 1813.) (Scott, Military Dictionary, Van Nostrand, 1862, pp. 481-482).


QUARTERS. “No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law; “ (Constitution, 3c Amendment.) The law not having made any provision for quartering soldiers in time of war, troops of the United States at home would be subjected to exorbitant demands for the hire of quarters. (See BARRACKS; BILLETS.) (Scott, Military Dictionary, Van Nostrand, 1862, p. 482).


QUAY, Matthew Stanley, senator, born in Dillsburg, York County, Pennsylvania, 30 September, 1833. He was graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1850, began his legal studies at Pittsburg, and was admitted to the bar in 1854. He was appointed prothonotary of Beaver County in 1855, in 1856 elected to the same office, and re-elected in 1859. In 1861 he resigned his office to accept a lieutenancy in the 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, and he was subsequently made assistant commissary-general of the state with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Afterward he was appointed private secretary to Governor Andrew G. Curtin, and in August, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the 134th Pennsylvania Regiment. He was mustered out, owing to impaired health, 7 December, 1862, but participated in the assault on Marye's Heights, 13 December, as a volunteer. He was subsequently appointed state agent at Washington, but shortly afterward was recalled by the legislature to fill the office of military secretary, which was created by that body. He was elected to the legislature in October, 1864, in 1865, and 1866, and in 1869 he established and edited the Beaver “Radical.” In 1873-'8 he was secretary of the commonwealth, resigning to accept the appointment of Recorder of Philadelphia, which office he resigned in 1879. In January, 1879, he was again appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth, filling that post until October, 1882, when he resigned. In 1885 he was elected state treasurer by the largest vote ever given to a candidate for that office, and in 1887 was chosen to the U. S. Senate for the term that will end 3 March, 1893. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, p. 147.


QUEEN, Walter W., naval officer, born in Washington, D.C., 6 October, 1824. He entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman in 1841, was attached during the Mexican War to the frigate “Cumberland,” and participated in the attacks on Alvarado, Tampico, Tuspan, and Vera Cruz. He was dismissed from the service in 1848 for participation as a principal in a duel, was reinstated in 1853, and became lieutenant in 1855. He was on special duty in the steam sloop “Powhatan” in 1861, re-enforced Fort Pickens, Florida, and served nineteen days on shore in charge of the boats of the fleet. He commanded the 2d Division of the mortar flotilla under David D. Porter during the bombardment of Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, and during the attack on Vicksburg when Flag-Officer David G. Farragut assed the batteries with his fleet. He became lieutenant-commander in 1862, was on ordnance duty in 1862–3, and in charge of the steam gunboat “Wyalusing,” of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, in 1863–4. On 5 May, 1864, with that vessel, he engaged the Confederate ram “Albemarle,” with her consorts the “Bombshell” and the “Cotton-Plant.” He became commander, with special duty on the “Hartford,” in 1866, captain in 1874, commodore in 1883, and rear-admiral, 27 August, 1886, and was retired in October. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, p. 147.


QUEEN CITY, U. S. S., CAPTURE OF, June 24, 1864. (See Clarendon, same date.)


QUEEN OF THE WEST, Attack on, September 19, 1862. (See Bolivar.)


QUEEN'S HILL, MISSISSIPPI, February 4, 1864. Meridian Expedition. Confederate reports of the Meridian expedition made mention of an affair on Queen's hill on the 4th as the Federals were moving on Clinton. The result was a victory for the Union command, the enemy being compelled to give way before the vigorous and determined advance of the Federals. The casualties were not reported. The Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 721.


QUESTIONS. (See EVIDENCE; TRIAL.)


QUICK-MATCH. It is made of threads of cotton or cotton wick, steeped in gummed brandy or whiskey, then soaked in a paste of mealed powder and gummed spirits, and afterwards strewn over with mealed powder. It is used to fire stone and heavy mortars, in priming all kinds of fireworks, such as fire-balls, light-balls, carcasses, priming tubes, &c. A yard burns in the open air in 13 seconds. (Scott, Military Dictionary, Van Nostrand, 1862, p. 482).


QUINBY, Isaac Ferdinand, soldier, born near Morristown, New Jersey. 29 January, 1821. He was graduated at the U. S. Military Academy in 1843, standing first in engineering. He was a classmate and close friend of General Grant. He was an assistant professor at West Point in 1845-'7 and took part in several skirmishes on the Rio Grande and Vera Cruz lines at the close of the Mexican War. He went to Rochester, N.Y., in September, 1851, to become professor of mathematics in the newly founded university in that city, and resigned from the army, 16 March, 1852. He hold his professorship until the Civil War, and then became colonel of the 13th New York Regiment. Under his command, it marched through Baltimore on 30 May, being the first body of National troops to pass through that city after the attack upon the 6th Massachusetts Regiment on 19 April. Colonel Quinby resigned his commission, 2 August, 1861, and resumed his chair; but he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, 17 March, 1862, and in the following month was assigned to the command at Columbus. Kentucky. In October, 1862, he was relieved, to take command of the 7th Division of the Army of the Tennessee. The division was sent to take part in the movement to turn the Confederate right flank at Vicksburg by Yazoo pass, the Coldwater, Tallahatchie, and Yazoo Rivers. Amid great difficulties General Quinby pushed on to Fort Pemberton, where he arrived on 23 March. Finding that there was no ground suitable for camping or moving a large body of troops, and the fire of the small gun-boats being ineffectual, he conceived the idea of going around to the east side of Fort Pemberton, crossing the Yallabusha River on a pontoon bridge, cutting the communications of the fort, and compelling its surrender; but he also constructed works for a direct attack, and sent back to Helena for heavy guns. The boat that carried them brought orders from General Grant to abandon the movement by Yazoo Pass, and General Quinby withdrew his force from before Fort Pemberton on 5 April. The fatigues and anxieties of this expedition in a malarious region brought on a severe illness, and he was ordered home on sick-leave, 1 May, 1863. But learning, a few days after reaching home, the progress of Grant's movement to the rear of Vicksburg, he hastened back, assuming command of his division on the 17th, and taking part in the assault of the 19th, and the subsequent movements. On 5 June illness again rendered him unfit for duty in the field, and he wont to the north under Grant's orders, remaining in Rochester until 1 July. He then commanded the rendezvous at Elmira till 31 December, 1863, when, convinced that he would not again be able to go to the front, he resigned his commission and resumed his duties as professor in the university. In May, 1869, he was appointed U. S. Marshal for the Northern District of New York, and he held that office during General Grant's two presidential terms, holding his professorship also till September, 1884. In May, 1885, he was appointed city surveyor of Rochester, and he now (1888) holds that office. He was a trustee of the Soldiers' Home at Bath. New York, and vice-president of the board from the foundation of the institution in 1879 till his resignation in 1880. In addition to his official duties, he is frequently employed as a consulting engineer. He has revised and rewritten several of the works in the Robinson Course of Mathematics, and the treatise on the " Differential and Integral Calculus" in that series is altogether his. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, p. 150.


QUINCY, Josiah, 1772-1864, statesman.  Quincy was elected as a State Senator in Massachusetts in the spring of 1804.  While in the Massachusetts State Senate, he called for the state to suggest the amending of the U.S. Constitution to eliminate the clause specifying that slaves were to be counted as three-fifths of a person.  This was called the Ely Amendment.  In the autumn of 1804, Quincy was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.  At age 83, he began publishing anti-slavery tracts opposing the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and denouncing Daniel Webster and his compromise measures on slavery.  He supported Republican anti-slavery presidential candidates John C. Frémont, in 1856, and Abraham Lincoln, in 1860. 

(Appletons’, 1888, Vol. V, pp. 151-152; Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1936, Vol. 8, Pt. 1, p. 308; Bruns, 1977, pp. 222-223; Locke, 1901, pp. 93, 132, 152; Mabee, 1970, p. 75; Mason, 2006, pp. 46, 53, 64, 66-70, 73, 85, 146, 190, 216-217, 256n65, 257n82; Annals of Congress; American National Biography, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002, Vol. 18, p. 37)

Quincy, Josiah, statesman, born in Boston, 4 February, 1772; died in Quincy, Massachusetts, 1 July, 1864. He was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, and was graduated at Harvard in 1790 at the head of his class. He studied law with William Tudor, and was admitted to the bar in 1793. His practice was not large, and he had considerable leisure to devote to study and to politics. In 1797 he married Miss Eliza Susan Morton, of New York. On 4 July, 1798, he delivered the annual oration in the Old South meeting-house, and gained such a reputation thereby that the Federalists selected him as their candidate for Congress in 1800. The Republican newspapers ridiculed the idea of a member of Congress only twenty-eight years old, and called aloud for a cradle to rock him in. Mr. Quincy was defeated. In the spring of 1804 he was elected to the state senate of Massachusetts, and in the autumn of that year he was elected to Congress. During his senatorship he was active in urging his state to suggest an amendment to the Federal constitution, eliminating the clause that permitted the slave-states to count three fifths of their slaves as part of their basis of representation. If such a measure could have had any chance of success at that moment, its effect would of course have been to break up the Union. Mr. Quincy dreaded the extension of slavery, and foresaw that the existence of that institution was likely to bring on a civil war; but it was not evident then, as it is now, that a civil war in 1861 was greatly to be preferred to civil war or peaceable secession in 1865. As member of Congress, Mr. Quincy belonged to the Party of extreme Federalists known as the “Essex junto.” The Federalists were then in a hopeless minority; even the Massachusetts delegation in Congress had ten Republicans to seven Federalists. In some ways Mr. Quincy showed a disposition to independent action, as in refusing to follow his party in dealing with Randolph's malcontent faction known as the “quids.” He fiercely opposed the embargo and the war with England. But his most famous action related to the admission of Louisiana as a state. There was at that time a strong jealousy of the new western country on the part of the New England states. There was a fear that the region west of the Alleghanies would come to be more populous than the original thirteen states, and that thus the control of the Federal government would pass into the hands of people described by New Englanders as “backwoodsmen.” Gouverneur Morris had given expression to such a fear in 1787 in the Federal Convention. In 1811, when it was proposed to admit Louisiana as a state, the high Federalists took the ground that the constitution had not conferred upon Congress the power to admit new states except such as should be formed from territory already belonging to the Union in 1787. Mr. Quincy maintained this position in a remarkable speech, 4 January, 1811, in which he used some strong language. “Why, sir, I have already heard of six states, and some say there will be at no great distance of time more. I have also heard that the mouth of the Ohio will be far to the east of the centre of the contemplated empire . . . . It is impossible such a power could be granted. It was not for these men that our fathers fought. It was not for them this constitution was adopted. You have no authority to throw the rights and liberties and property of this people into hotch-pot with the wild men on the Missouri, or with the mixed, though more respectable, race of Anglo-Hispano-Gallo-Americans, who bask on the sands in the mouth of the Mississippi. . . . I am compelled to declare it. as my deliberate opinion that, if this bill passes, the bonds of this Union are virtually dissolved; that the states which compose it are free from their moral obligations; and that, as it will be the right of all, so it will be the duty of some, to prepare definitely for a separation—amicably, if they can; violently, if they must.” This was, according to Hildreth, “the first announcement on the floor of Congress of the doctrine of secession.” Though opposed to the war with England, Mr. Quincy did not go so far as some of the Federalists in refusing support to the administration; his great speech on the navy, 25 January, 1812, won applause from all parties. In that year he declined a re-election to Congress. For the next ten years he was most of the time a member of the Massachusetts legislature, but a great part of his attention was given to his farm at Quincy. He was member of the Convention of 1820 for revising the state constitution. In the following year he was speaker of the house. From 1823 to 1828 he was mayor of Boston, and his administration was memorable for the number of valuable reforms effected by his energy and skill. Everything was overhauled—the police, the prisons, the schools, the streets, the fire department, and the great market was built near Faneuil hall. In 1829 he was chosen president of Harvard, and held that position until 1845. During his administration Dane Hall was built for the law-school and Gore Hall for the university library; and it was due mainly to his exertions that the astronomical observatory was founded and equipped with its great telescope, which is still one of the finest in the world. In 1834, in the face of violent opposition, Mr. Quincy succeeded in establishing the principle that “where flagrant outrages were committed against persons or property by members of the university, within its limits, they should be proceeded against, in the last resort, like any other citizens, before the courts of the commonwealth.” The effect of this measure was most wholesome in checking the peculiar kinds of ruffianism which the community has often been inclined to tolerate in college students. Mr. Quincy also introduced the system of marking, which continued to be used for more than forty years at Harvard. By this system the merit of every college exercise was valued according to a scale of numbers, from one to eight, by the professor or tutor, at the time of its performance. Examinations were rated in various multiples of eight, and all these marks were set down to the credit of the individual student. Delinquencies of various degrees of importance were also estimated in multiples of eight, and charged on the debit side of the account. At the end of the year the balance to the student's credit was compared with the sum-total that an unbroken series of perfect marks, unaffected by deductions, would have yielded, and the resulting percentage determined the rank of the student. President Quincy was also strongly in favor of the elective system of studies, in so far as it was compatible with the general state of advancement of the students in his time, and with the means of instruction at the disposal of the university. The elective experiment was tried more thoroughly, and on a broader scale, under his administration than under any other down to the time of President Eliot. From 1845 to 1864 Mr. Quincy led a quiet and pleasant life, devoted to literary and social pursuits. He continued till the last to take a warm interest in politics, and was an enthusiastic admirer of President Lincoln. His principal writings are “History of Harvard University” (2 vols., Boston, 1840); “History of the Boston Athenaeum” (Boston, 1851); “Municipal History of Boston” (Boston, 1852); “Memoir of J. Q. Adams” (Boston, 1858); and “Speeches delivered in Congress” (edited by his son, Edmund, Boston, 1874). His biography, by his son, Edmund (Boston, 1867), is an admirable work. See also J. R. Lowell's “My Study Window,” pp. 83-114. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, pp. 151-152.


QUINCY, Samuel Miller, born in Boston in 1833, was graduated at Harvard in 1852, was admitted to the Boston bar, and for several years edited the " Monthly Law Reporter." He entered the array as captain in the 2d Massachusetts Regiment. 24 May, 1861, became lieutenant-colonel of the 72d U.S. Colored Regiment, 20 October, 1863, and its colonel, 24 May, 1864, and on 13 March, 1865, was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers. He has edited the "Reports of Cases" of his great-grandfather, Josiah (1865). Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, p. 153.


QUINCY, Edmund, 1808-1877, Dedham, Massachusetts, author, anti-slavery writer, abolitionist leader.  Member, U.S. House of Representatives.  Mayor of Boston.  After the murder of abolitionist newspaper editor Elijah P. Lovejoy, he became a Garrisonian abolitionist.  Member, 1838, Vice President, 1853, 1856-1859, of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS).  Served as a Manager, 1838-1840, 1840-1842, member of the Executive Committee, 1843-1864, Vice President, 1848-1864, and Corresponding Secretary, 1853-1856, of the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (AFASS).  Vice President, Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, 1849-1860.  Quincy was also active as a member of the Non-Resistance Society, which was founded in 1839.  This organization was devoted to non-violent actions.  It supported a break between the North and the South.  Quincy was active with both William Lloyd Garrison and Maria Weston Chapman in conducting the organization’s newsletter, the Non-Resistant, from 1839-1842.  He was appointed editor of the Abolitionist, the newspaper of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, in 1839.  Between 1839 and 1856, he was a major contributor of articles to the Liberty Bell.  Quincy became editor of the Anti-Slavery Standard, the newspaper of the American Anti-Slavery Society.  He was also in charge of the Liberator when Garrison was on leave.  He also contributed anti-slavery articles to Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune.  (Mabee, 1970, pp. 70, 72, 73, 75, 77, 80, 200, 224, 248, 250, 255, 256, 257, 260, 262, 297, 313; Appletons’ Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, p. 153; Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1936, Vol. 8, Pt. 1, p. 306)

QUINCY, Edmund, author, born in Boston, 1 February, 1808; died in Dedham, 17 May, 1877, was graduated at Harvard in 1827. He deserves especial mention for the excellent biography of his father, above mentioned. His novel “Wensley” (Boston, 1854) was said by Whittier to be the best book of the kind since the “Blithedale Romance.” His contributions to the anti-slavery press for many years were able and valuable. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1888, Vol. V, pp. 153.


QUINCY, MISSOURI, September 4, 1863. Details from 18th Iowa Infantry and 8th Missouri Militia Cavalry. A band of guerrillas under Rafter dashed into Quincy on the 4th, shot and killed a citizen, and captured 4 men of the 18th la., after one of the latter had shot and killed Rafter. The guerrillas were about to fire the town when a detachment of the 8th Missouri militia cavalry attacked and drove them out. One of the militiamen was mortally wounded. The lifeless bodies of the 4 la. men were found next morning. The Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 721.


QUINCY, MISSOURI, November 1-2, 1864. Detachment of 8th Missouri State Militia Cavalry. Captain Jacob Cassairt, with 30 men of Company I, 8th Missouri militia cavalry and some citizens, came up with 100 Confederates about 10 miles from Quincy. A charge was ordered and the enemy broke and fled. The pursuit resulted in 6 of the enemy being killed and 3 wounded. The following day Cassairt attacked another party of the enemy, cutting off 100 men in the rear and driving them into the brush. Some' 25 of the enemy were killed or wounded. The Federals sustained no loss in either engagement. The Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 721.


QUINN'S MILLS, MISSISSIPPI, June 16, 1863. 1st Cavalry Brigade, Left Wing, 16th Army Corps. At the beginning of the operations of the left wing of Hurlbut's corps in northwestern Mississippi, the 1st cavalry brigade found the bridge across the Coldwater river at Quinn's mills destroyed and the advance encountered a Confederate picket of 20 men. While the men were making preparations to cross a volley was fired at them from a few outbuildings within a few feet of the bank, wounding 3 of the Federal force. The Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, pp. 721-722.


QUINN & JACKSON'S MILL, MISSISSIPPI, October 9, 1863. Cavalry Division, 16th Army Corps. Major-General S. A. Hurlbut, commanding the corps, reported from Memphis, Tennessee, on the 12th, as follows: "On Friday last the enemy's cavalry under Lee moved in three columns. Two which crossed the Coldwater, one at Lumpkin's mill, one at Quinn & Jackson's, were met and repulsed; they fell back and joined the main body." The affair was an incident of the Chalmers raid in north Mississippi and west Tennessee. The Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 722.


QUINN & JACKSON'S MILL, MISSISSIPPI, November 3, 1863. (See Collierville, same date.)


QUICKSAND CREEK, KENTUCKY, April 5, 1864. U. S. Troops, District of Eastern Kentucky. The itinerary of this district from March 28-April 14 states that at 11 p. m. on the 5th a portion of the Federal troops surprised the camp of 85 Confederates on the Quicksand river in Breathitt county. The enemy had 8 killed and wounded, and 3 men and 24 horses captured. Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 722.


QUITMAN, John Anthony, soldier, born in Rhinebeck, New York,


QUITMAN, ARKANSAS, September 2, 1864. Detachment 3d Arkansas Cavalry. Colonel Abraham H. Ryan, reporting from Lewisburg, on September 7, says: "On the 2nd instant Captain Napier and Lieutenant Carr had a skirmish with Colonel Witt, 8 miles from Quitman, killed 7, and captured Captain Livingston and 4 men of Witt's command." Union Army, 1908, Vol. 6, p. 722.


QUOINS. In gunnery, a quoin is a wedge used to lay under the breech of a gun to elevate or depress it. (Scott, Military Dictionary, Van Nostrand, 1862, p. 482).